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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|0.09|0}}Late [[Pleistocene]] – [[Holocene|present]]
⚫
| image = Eyebrowed Thrush.jpg
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22708793 |title=''Turdus obscurus'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Turdus obscurus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22708793A94177211 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22708793A94177211.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
⚫
| genus = Turdus
⚫
| image = Eyebrowed Thrush.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| species = obscurus
⚫
| authority = [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]], 1789
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Turdidae]]
⚫
| genus = ''[[Turdus]]''
| species = '''''T. obscurus'''''
| binomial = ''Turdus obscurus''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1789
}}
}}


The '''eyebrowed thrush''' (''Turdus obscurus'') is a member of the [[Thrush (bird)|thrush]] family Turdidae. The scientific name comes from [[Latin]] ''Turdus'', "thrush" and ''obscurus'' "dark".<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages =278, 393}}</ref>
The '''eyebrowed thrush''' ('''''Turdus obscurus''''') is a member of the [[Thrush (bird)|thrush]] family Turdidae. It breeds in dense [[conifer]]ous forest and [[taiga]] eastwards from [[Siberia]] and [[Mongolia]] to [[Japan]]. It is strongly [[bird migration|migratory]], wintering south to China and [[Southeast Asia]]. It is a rare vagrant to western [[Europe]].
⚫
[[File:Turdus obscurus MWNH 1761.JPG|left|thumb|Egg, Collection [[Museum Wiesbaden]]]]
It breeds in dense [[conifer]]ous forest and [[taiga]] eastwards from Siberia. It is strongly [[bird migration|migratory]], wintering south to China and Southeast [[Asia]]. It is a rare vagrant to western [[Europe]].


==Taxonomy==
⚫
It nests in trees, laying 4-6 [[Egg (biology)|egg]]s in a neat nest. Migrating birds and wintering birds often form small flocks. It is omnivorous, eating a wide range of [[insect]]s, [[earthworm]]s and [[berry|berries]].
The eyebrowed thrush was [[Species description|formally described]] in 1789 by the German naturalist [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin]] in his revised and expanded edition of [[Carl Linnaeus]]'s ''[[Systema Naturae]]''. He placed it with the thrushes in the [[genus]] ''[[Turdus]]'' and coined the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Turdus obscurus''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gmelin | first=Johann Friedrich | author-link=Johann Friedrich Gmelin| year=1789 | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=13th | volume=1, Part 2 | language=Latin | location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] | publisher=Georg. Emanuel. Beer | page=816 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2656311 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Paynter | editor2-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1964 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=10 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=201 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14486390 }}</ref> The scientific name comes from [[Latin]] ''Turdus'' meaning "thrush" and ''obscurus'' meaning "dark" or "dusky".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n278/mode/1up 278], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n393/mode/1up 393]}}</ref> Gmelin based his account on the "Dark thrush" that had been described in 1783 by the English ornithologist [[John Latham (ornithologist)|John Latham]] in his multi-volume work ''A General Synopsis of Birds''. Latham noted that "This is Sibirian species and found in the woods beyond Lake Baikal" but did not explain the source of his information.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Latham | first=John | author-link=John Latham (ornithologist) | year=1783 | title=A General Synopsis of Birds | volume=2, Part 1 | publisher=Printed for Leigh and Sotheby | location=London | page=31, No. 24 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33727999 }}</ref> The species is [[monotypic]]: no [[subspecies]] are recognised.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2023 | title=Thrushes | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/thrushes/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=15 August 2023 }}</ref>


==Description==
This is an attractive thrush, with a grey back and head, the latter having a black eyeline, bordered white above and below. The breast and flanks are orange, and the belly white. The sexes are fairly similar, but immatures have a browner back.
This is an attractive thrush, with a grey back and head, the latter having a black eyeline, bordered white above and below. The breast and flanks are orange, and the belly white. The sexes are fairly similar, but immatures have a browner back.


The male has a simple whistling song, similar to the related [[mistle thrush]].
The male has a simple whistling song, similar to the related [[mistle thrush]].


==Behaviour==
⚫
In 2007 an eyebrowed thrush was sighted at the [[Jerusalem Bird Observatory]] in [[Jerusalem]].<ref>Rare bird is sighted in Jerusalem, By Megan Jacobs, Nov. 5, 2007, Jerusalem Post [http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1192380734441&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull]</ref> This is the second recorded sighting in [[Israel]]; the first was at [[Eilat]] in October 1996.
⚫
It nests in trees, laying 4-6 [[Egg (biology)|egg]]s in a neat nest. Migrating birds and wintering birds often form small flocks. It is omnivorous, eating a wide range of [[insect]]s, [[earthworm]]s and [[berry|berries]].


⚫
In 2007 an eyebrowed thrush was sighted at the [[Jerusalem Bird Observatory]] in [[Jerusalem]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Rare bird is sighted in Jerusalem | first = Megan | last = Jacobs | date = 5 November 2007 | newspaper = Jerusalem Post | url = http://www.jpost.com/Health-and-Sci-Tech/Science-And-Environment/Rare-bird-is-sighted-in-Jerusalem | access-date = 4 October 2017}}</ref> This is the second recorded sighting in [[Israel]]; the first was at [[Eilat]] in October 1996.

⚫
In 2011, an eyebrowed thrush was sighted in [[Australia]], near [[Malanda]] in [[Queensland]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bird-o.com/2011/02/09/eye-browed-thrush-first-for-australia/ |title=Eye-browed Thrush – First for Australia, Feb. 9, 2011, Bird-o.com |access-date=2011-12-08 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708191228/http://bird-o.com/2011/02/09/eye-browed-thrush-first-for-australia/ |archive-date=2012-07-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This is possibly the first confirmed sighting of the species on the Australian mainland.

==Fossil record==
In 2017, an assessment of late Pleistocene Indonesian passerines found a fossil of this species.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Meijer|first1=Hanneke J.M.|last2=Awe Due|first2=Rokus|last3=Sutikna|first3=Thomas|last4=Saptomo|first4=Wahyu|last5=Jatmiko|last6=Wasisto|first6=Sri|last7=Tocheri|first7=Matthew W.|last8=Mayr|first8=Gerald|date=2017-08-17|title=Late Pleistocene songbirds of Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia); the first fossil passerine fauna described from Wallacea |journal=PeerJ|volume=5|pages=e3676|doi=10.7717/peerj.3676 |pmc=5563437|pmid=28828271 |doi-access=free }}</ref>


==Gallery==
⚫
In 2011, an eyebrowed thrush was sighted in [[Australia]], near [[Malanda]] in [[Queensland]].<ref>[http://bird-o.com/2011/02/09/eye-browed-thrush-first-for-australia/ Eye-browed Thrush – First for Australia, Feb. 9, 2011, Bird-o.com]</ref> This is possibly the first confirmed sighting of the species on the Australian mainland.
<gallery>
File:Eyebrowed Thrush from Khonoma bird watching tour to Nagaland.jpg
File:Hoetmaytrang.jpg|Eyebrowed thrush from [[Khonoma]] village in [[Nagaland]], India
⚫
File:Turdus obscurus MWNH 1761.JPG|Egg, Collection [[Museum Wiesbaden]]
</gallery>


==References==<!-- Forktail18:149. -->
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1591663}}
{{taxonbar}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:thrush, eyebrowed}}
[[Category:Turdus|eyebrowed thrush]]
[[Category:Turdus|eyebrowed thrush]]
[[Category:Birds of North Asia]]
[[Category:Birds of North Asia]]
[[Category:Vagrant birds of East Asia]]
[[Category:Vagrant birds of Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Asian migratory birds]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1789|eyebrowed thrush]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1789|eyebrowed thrush]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin|eyebrowed thrush]]


{{turdidae-stub}}
{{turdidae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 05:16, 3 December 2023

Eyebrowed thrush
Temporal range: 0.09–0 Ma
↓
Late Pleistocene – present
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Turdidae
Genus: Turdus
Species:
T. obscurus
Binomial name
Turdus obscurus

The eyebrowed thrush (Turdus obscurus) is a member of the thrush family Turdidae. It breeds in dense coniferous forest and taiga eastwards from Siberia and Mongolia to Japan. It is strongly migratory, wintering south to China and Southeast Asia. It is a rare vagrant to western Europe.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The eyebrowed thrush was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the thrushes in the genus Turdus and coined the binomial name Turdus obscurus.[2][3] The scientific name comes from Latin Turdus meaning "thrush" and obscurus meaning "dark" or "dusky".[4] Gmelin based his account on the "Dark thrush" that had been described in 1783 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his multi-volume work A General Synopsis of Birds. Latham noted that "This is Sibirian species and found in the woods beyond Lake Baikal" but did not explain the source of his information.[5] The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[6]

Description

[edit]

This is an attractive thrush, with a grey back and head, the latter having a black eyeline, bordered white above and below. The breast and flanks are orange, and the belly white. The sexes are fairly similar, but immatures have a browner back.

The male has a simple whistling song, similar to the related mistle thrush.

Behaviour

[edit]

It nests in trees, laying 4-6 eggs in a neat nest. Migrating birds and wintering birds often form small flocks. It is omnivorous, eating a wide range of insects, earthworms and berries.


In 2007 an eyebrowed thrush was sighted at the Jerusalem Bird Observatory in Jerusalem.[7] This is the second recorded sighting in Israel; the first was at Eilat in October 1996.

In 2011, an eyebrowed thrush was sighted in Australia, near Malanda in Queensland.[8] This is possibly the first confirmed sighting of the species on the Australian mainland.

Fossil record

[edit]

In 2017, an assessment of late Pleistocene Indonesian passerines found a fossil of this species.[9]

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Turdus obscurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22708793A94177211. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22708793A94177211.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 816.
  3. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, eds. (1964). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 201.
  4. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 278, 393. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ^ Latham, John (1783). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 2, Part 1. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 31, No. 24.
  6. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Thrushes". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  7. ^ Jacobs, Megan (5 November 2007). "Rare bird is sighted in Jerusalem". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  8. ^ "Eye-browed Thrush – First for Australia, Feb. 9, 2011, Bird-o.com". Archived from the original on 2012-07-08. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
  9. ^ Meijer, Hanneke J.M.; Awe Due, Rokus; Sutikna, Thomas; Saptomo, Wahyu; Jatmiko; Wasisto, Sri; Tocheri, Matthew W.; Mayr, Gerald (2017-08-17). "Late Pleistocene songbirds of Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia); the first fossil passerine fauna described from Wallacea". PeerJ. 5: e3676. doi:10.7717/peerj.3676. PMC 5563437. PMID 28828271.
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