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{{short description|Submarine of the Royal Navy}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2010}}


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{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
{{Infobox Ship Image
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{{Infobox Ship Career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
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|Ship country=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag=[[Image:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|Royal Navy Ensign]]
|Ship flag=[[Image:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|Royal Navy Ensign]]
|Ship name=
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|Ship yard number=
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|Ship way number=
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|Ship laid down=
|Ship laid down=13 August 1945
|Ship launched=22 January 1946
|Ship launched=22 January 1946
|Ship sponsor=
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|Ship reinstated=
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|Ship homeport=
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|Ship identification=
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]] P422
|Ship motto=
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|Ship captured=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Sold to be broken up for scrap on 28 July 1970. Scrapped at Troon, Scotland in August 1970.
|Ship fate=Sold to be broken up for scrap on 28 July 1970. Scrapped at Troon, Scotland in August 1970.
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
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{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
{{Infobox ship characteristics
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|Ship tonnage=
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=1,360/1,590 tons (surface/submerged)
|Ship displacement=1,360/1,590 tons (surface/submerged)
|Ship tons burthen=
|Ship length={{convert|293|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|293|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|22|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|22|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}}
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|Ship sail plan=
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship speed=18.5/8 knots (surface/submerged)
|Ship speed=18.5/8 knots (surface/submerged)
|Ship range={{convert|10500|nmi|km|-1}} at {{convert|11|kn|km/h|0}} surfaced<br>{{convert|16|nmi|km|0}} at {{convert|8|kn|km/h|0}} or {{convert|90|nmi|km|-1}} at {{convert|3|kn|km/h|0}} submerged
|Ship range=*{{convert|10500|nmi|km|-1}} at {{convert|11|kn|km/h|0}} surfaced
*{{convert|16|nmi|km|0}} at {{convert|8|kn|km/h|0}} or {{convert|90|nmi|km|-1}} at {{convert|3|kn|km/h|0}} submerged
|Ship endurance=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth={{convert|350|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship test depth={{convert|350|ft|m|abbr=on}}
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|Ship capacity=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship troops=
|Ship troops=
|Ship complement=5 officers 55 enlisted
|Ship complement=60
|Ship crew=
|Ship crew=
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=6 × 21" (2 external)bow [[torpedo tube]], 4 × 21" (2 external) stern torpedo tube, containing a total of 20 torpedoes<br>[[Naval mine|Mine]]s: 26<br>1 × 4" main deck gun, 3 × 0.303 machine gun, 1 × 20&nbsp;mm [[Anti aircraft|AA]] [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|Oerlikon 20&nbsp;mm gun]]
|Ship armament=*6 × [[British 21 inch torpedo|21 inch (533 mm)]] (2 external) bow [[torpedo tube]], 4 × 21" (2 external) stern torpedo tube, containing a total of 20 torpedoes
*[[Naval mine|Mine]]s: 26
*1 × 4" main deck gun, 3 × 0.303 machine gun, 1 × 20&nbsp;mm [[Anti aircraft|AA]] [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|Oerlikon 20&nbsp;mm gun]]
|Ship armour=
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'''HMS ''Anchorite'' (P422/S22)''', was an [[Amphion class submarine|''Amphion''-class]] [[submarine]] of the [[Royal Navy]], built by [[Vickers Armstrong]] and launched 22 January 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3621.html|title=''Anchorite''|publisher=Uboat.net|access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref>


==Design==
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'''HMS ''Anchorite'' (P422)''', was an [[Amphion class submarine|''Amphion''-class]] [[submarine]] of the [[Royal Navy]], built by [[Vickers Armstrong]] and launched 22 January 1946.<ref>http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3621.html</ref>
''Anchorite'' had a displacement of {{convert|1360|LT|t}} when at the surface and {{convert|1590|LT|t}} while submerged. It had a total length of {{convert|293|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|22|ft|4|in}}, and a draught of {{convert|18|ft|1|in}}. The submarine was powered by two Admiralty ML eight-cylinder diesel engines generating {{convert|2150|hp}} each. Four electric motors each producing {{convert|625|hp}} drove two shafts.<ref name="Akermann2002">{{cite book|first=Paul |last=Akermann|title=Encyclopedia of British Submarines 1901–1955|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=boO7WGL21EQC&pg=PA428|date=1 November 2002|publisher=Periscope Publishing Ltd.|isbn=978-1-904381-05-1|page=422}}</ref> It could carry a maximum of {{convert|219|LT|t}} of diesel, although it usually carried between {{convert|159|and|165|LT|t}}.<ref name="Akermann2002"/>


The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|18.5|kn|km/h}} and a submerged speed of {{convert|8|kn|km/h }}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldnavalships.com/acheron_class.htm|title=Acheron class|publisher=World Naval Ships, Cranston Fine Arts|access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref> When submerged, it could operate at {{convert|3|kn|km/h}} for {{convert|90|nmi|km}} or at {{convert|8|kn|km/h}} for {{convert|16|nmi|km}}. When surfaced, it was able to travel {{convert|15200|nmi|km}} at {{convert|10|kn|km/h}} or {{convert|10500|nmi|km}} at {{convert|11|kn|km/h}}.<ref name="Akermann2002"/> ''Anchorite'' was fitted with ten [[British 21 inch torpedo|21 inch (533 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s, one [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk XXIII]], one [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]], and a [[.303 British]] [[Vickers machine gun]]. Its torpedo tubes were fitted to the [[Bow (ship)|bow]] and stern, and it could carry twenty torpedoes. Its [[Ship's company|complement]] was sixty-one crew members.<ref name="Akermann2002"/>
During build and before launch the names of ''Anchorite'' and [[HMS Amphion (P439)|HMS ''Amphion'']] were switched.


''Anchorite'' was [[Keel laying|laid down]] at [[Vickers-Armstrongs]]' [[Barrow-in-Furness]] shipyard on 19 July 1945, was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 22 January 1946 and completed on 18 November 1947.<ref name="jfs62p275">{{harvnb|Blackman|1962|p=275}}</ref>
In 1960 HMS Anchorite hit an uncharted rock in the [[Hauraki Gulf]] off [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]. The rock is now known as Anchorite Rock on the nautical charts of the area at depth, 16&nbsp;m, {{coord|36|26|S|175|8|E|}}.


==Service==
Anchorite was, in 1960, the 1st RN submarine to visit Tonga since World War II
During build and before launch the names of ''Anchorite'' and [[HMS Amphion (P439)|HMS ''Amphion'']] were switched. In 1953 she took part in the [[Fleet Review]] to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.<ref>Souvenir Programme, ''Coronation Review of the Fleet, Spithead, 15 June 1953'', HMSO, Gale and Polden</ref>

''Anchorite'' ran aground in [[Rothesay Bay]], [[Firth of Forth]], on 12 October 1956.<ref name=Times131056>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Submarine Runs Aground |date=13 October 1956 |page=6 |issue=53661 |column=F }}</ref> On 3 October 1960, ''Anchorite'', which was a member of the [[4th Submarine Squadron (United Kingdom)|4th Submarine Squadron]] based at [[Sydney]], hit an uncharted rock in the [[Hauraki Gulf]] off [[Auckland]], New Zealand at a depth of {{convert|110|ft|m}}. No-one was injured in the incident. The submarine's commanding officer, [[Lieutenant Commander]] W. L. Owen, was cleared of any blame for the incident to the resulting [[court martial]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Critchley|1981|p=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Captain was not to blame | newspaper=[[Navy News]] |date= December 1960 | page= 9| url = https://issuu.com/navynews/docs/196012 |access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref> The rock is now known as Anchorite Rock on the nautical charts of the area at depth, 16&nbsp;m, {{coord|36|26|S|175|8|E|}}.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>

==Publications==
* {{cite book | last = Blackman | first= Raymond V. B. | title= Jane's Fighting Ships 1962–63 | year=1962 |publisher = Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd. | location= London | oclc = 973779053 }}
* {{Cite Colledge2006}}
* {{cite book | last=Critchley | first = Mike | title = British Warships Since 1945: Part 2 | year = 1981 |publisher = Maritime Books |location = Liskeard, UK | isbn = 0-9506323-6-8 }}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/great_britain/submarines/pages/anchorite_p_422_page_1.htm Pictures of HMS Anchorite on MaritimeQuest]
* [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/great_britain/submarines/pages/anchorite_p_422_page_1.htm Pictures of HMS Anchorite on MaritimeQuest]


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{{Amphion class submarine}}
{{Amphion class submarine}}
{{1956 shipwrecks}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Anchorite (P422)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anchorite (P422)}}
[[Category:Amphion class submarines]]
[[Category:Amphion-class submarines]]
[[Category:Cold War submarines of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Cold War submarines of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Barrow-built ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness]]
[[Category:1946 ships]]
[[Category:1946 ships]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1956]]

[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1960]]

{{UK-mil-submarine-stub}}

[[fi:HMS Anchorite (P422)]]

Revision as of 05:39, 10 January 2024

History
Royal Navy EnsignUnited Kingdom
OrderedVery late in World War II
BuilderVickers Armstrong, Barrow-in-Furness
Laid down13 August 1945
Launched22 January 1946
Commissioned18 November 1947
IdentificationPennant number P422
FateSold to be broken up for scrap on 28 July 1970. Scrapped at Troon, Scotland in August 1970.
General characteristics
Displacement1,360/1,590 tons (surface/submerged)
Length293 ft 6 in (89.46 m)
Beam22 ft 4 in (6.81 m)
Draught18 ft 1 in (5.51 m)
Propulsion2 × 2,150 hp (1,603 kW) Admiralty ML 8-cylinder diesel engine, 2 × 625 hp (466 kW) electric motors for submergence driving two shafts
Speed18.5/8 knots (surface/submerged)
Range
  • 10,500 nautical miles (19,450 km) at 11 knots (20 km/h) surfaced
  • 16 nautical miles (30 km) at 8 knots (15 km/h) or 90 nautical miles (170 km) at 3 knots (6 km/h) submerged
Test depth350 ft (110 m)
Complement60
Armament

HMS Anchorite (P422/S22), was an Amphion-class submarine of the Royal Navy, built by Vickers Armstrong and launched 22 January 1946.[1]

Design

Anchorite had a displacement of 1,360 long tons (1,380 t) when at the surface and 1,590 long tons (1,620 t) while submerged. It had a total length of 293 ft 6 in (89.46 m), a beam of 22 feet 4 inches (6.81 m), and a draught of 18 feet 1 inch (5.51 m). The submarine was powered by two Admiralty ML eight-cylinder diesel engines generating 2,150 horsepower (1,600 kW) each. Four electric motors each producing 625 horsepower (466 kW) drove two shafts.[2] It could carry a maximum of 219 long tons (223 t) of diesel, although it usually carried between 159 and 165 long tons (162 and 168 t).[2]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.5 knots (34.3 km/h) and a submerged speed of 8 knots (15 km/h).[3] When submerged, it could operate at 3 knots (5.6 km/h) for 90 nautical miles (170 km) or at 8 knots (15 km/h) for 16 nautical miles (30 km). When surfaced, it was able to travel 15,200 nautical miles (28,200 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h) or 10,500 nautical miles (19,400 km) at 11 knots (20 km/h).[2] Anchorite was fitted with ten 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, one QF 4 inch naval gun Mk XXIII, one Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, and a .303 British Vickers machine gun. Its torpedo tubes were fitted to the bow and stern, and it could carry twenty torpedoes. Its complement was sixty-one crew members.[2]

Anchorite was laid down at Vickers-Armstrongs' Barrow-in-Furness shipyard on 19 July 1945, was launched on 22 January 1946 and completed on 18 November 1947.[4]

Service

During build and before launch the names of Anchorite and HMS Amphion were switched. In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.[5]

Anchorite ran aground in Rothesay Bay, Firth of Forth, on 12 October 1956.[6] On 3 October 1960, Anchorite, which was a member of the 4th Submarine Squadron based at Sydney, hit an uncharted rock in the Hauraki Gulf off Auckland, New Zealand at a depth of 110 feet (34 m). No-one was injured in the incident. The submarine's commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander W. L. Owen, was cleared of any blame for the incident to the resulting court martial.[7][8] The rock is now known as Anchorite Rock on the nautical charts of the area at depth, 16 m, 36°26′S 175°8′E / 36.433°S 175.133°E / -36.433; 175.133.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ "Anchorite". Uboat.net. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d Akermann, Paul (1 November 2002). Encyclopedia of British Submarines 1901–1955. Periscope Publishing Ltd. p. 422. ISBN 978-1-904381-05-1.
  3. ^ "Acheron class". World Naval Ships, Cranston Fine Arts. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  4. ^ Blackman 1962, p. 275
  5. ^ Souvenir Programme, Coronation Review of the Fleet, Spithead, 15 June 1953, HMSO, Gale and Polden
  6. ^ "Submarine Runs Aground". The Times. No. 53661. London. 13 October 1956. col F, p. 6.
  7. ^ Critchley 1981, p. 56
  8. ^ "Captain was not to blame". Navy News. December 1960. p. 9. Retrieved 24 August 2018.

Publications

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