Astragalus mongholicus: Difference between revisions

Astragalus mongholicus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Genus:	Astragalus
Species:	A. mongholicus
Binomial name
	Astragalus mongholicus; Bunge
Synonyms
	Astragalus borealimongolicus Y.Z.Zhao ; Astragalus membranaceus var. mandshuricus Nakai, not validly publ. ; Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K.Hsiao ; Astragalus membranaceus f. propinquus (Schischk.) Kitag. ; Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge, nom. cons. ; Astragalus mongholicus var. dahuricus (Fisch. ex DC.) Podlech ; Astragalus penduliflorus var. dahuricus (Fisch. ex DC.) X.Y.Zhu ; Astragalus penduliflorus var. mongholicus (Bunge) X.Y.Zhu ; Astragalus propinquus var. glaber Vydrina, no type. ; Astragalus propinquus Schischk. ; Astragalus purdomii N.D.Simpson ; Phaca abbreviata Ledeb. ; Phaca alpina var. dahurica Fisch. ex DC. ; Phaca macrostachys Turcz. ; Phaca membranacea Fisch. ex Link, nom. nud. ; Tragacantha membranacea (Fisch. ex Bunge) Kuntze ; Tragacantha mongholica (Bunge) Kuntze ;

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Astragalus mongholicus, synonyms including Astragalus propinquus and Astragalus membranaceus,^[1] commonly known as Mongolian milkvetch in English;^[2] 'Хунчир' in Mongolian; huáng qí (Chinese: 黃芪), běi qí (Chinese: 北芪) or huáng huā huáng qí (Chinese: 黃花黃耆),^[3] in Mongolia, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Mongolian medicine.^[4] It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened.^[5]

Distribution

A. mongholicus is widespread in temperate Asia, being found in Kazakhstan, from Siberia to the Russian Far East, in Mongolia, and in west and north China.^[1]

Herbalism

A. mongholicus is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).^[6] A. mongholicus is a component in Lectranal, a food supplement used in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis,^[7] though there is limited evidence of its effectiveness.^[8]

Chemistry

Chemical constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include polysaccharides and triterpenoids (such as astragalosides),^[9] as well as isoflavones (including kumatakenin, calycosin, and formononetin) and their glycosides and malonates.^[10] It contains the saponin cycloastragenol.

Toxicology

While several other species of Astragalus are known to cause severe poisonings in livestock due to indolizine alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds, and accumulated selenium,^[11] none of these constituents have been detected in Astragalus mongholicus used in dietary supplements and TCM preparations.^[12]

Compendial status

A. mongholicus is listed (as A. propinquus) in the following official pharmacopoeia:

Japanese Pharmacopoeia^[13]

Notes and references

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Astragalus mongholicus Bunge". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 368. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.
^ Joe Hing Kwok Chu. "Huang qi". Complementary and Alternative Healing University. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ "Astragalus membranaceus – Moench". Plants for a Future.
^ "Astragalus propinquus Schischkin". LegumeWeb. International Legume Database & Information Service. 2005-11-01. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ Block, Keith I.; Mead, Mark N. (1 September 2003). "Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review". Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2 (3): 247–267. doi:10.1177/1534735403256419. PMID 15035888. S2CID 21465896.
^ Matkovic Z, Zivkovic V, Korica M, Plavec D, Pecanic S, Tudoric N (2010). "Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis". Phytother Res. 24 (2): 175–81. doi:10.1002/ptr.2877. PMID 19504468. S2CID 46201817.
^ Guo, Ruoling; Pittler, Max H.; Ernst, Edzard (December 2007). "Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 99 (6): 483–495. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4. PMID 18219828.
^ Xu, Q.; Ma, X.; Liang, X. (2007). "Determination of Astragalosides in the Roots of Astragalus spp. Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 18 (5): 419–427. Bibcode:2007PChAn..18..419X. doi:10.1002/pca.997. PMID 17624885.
^ Lin, L. Z.; He, X. G.; Lindenmaier, M.; Nolan, G.; Yang, J.; Cleary, M.; Qiu, S. X.; Cordell, G. A. (2000). "Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study of the Flavonoids of the Roots of Astragalus mongholicus and A. membranaceus". Journal of Chromatography A. 876 (1–2): 87–95. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00149-7. PMID 10823504.
^ Rios, J. L.; Waterman, P. G. (1997). "A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of Astragalus". Phytotherapy Research. 11 (6): 411–418. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199709)11:6<411::AID-PTR132>3.0.CO;2-6. S2CID 84850794.
^ "Astragalus". WebMD.
^ Japanese Pharmacopoeia (PDF) (15th ed.). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.

External links

"Astragalus membranaceus – Moench". Plants for a Future.
"Astragalus membranaceus (FISCH. EX LINK) BUNGE – Fabaceae". Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. ARS / GRIN. Archived from the original on 2004-11-15.

[POWO_478720-1-1] "Astragalus mongholicus Bunge". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-04-06.

[2] English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 368. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.

[3] Joe Hing Kwok Chu. "Huang qi". Complementary and Alternative Healing University. Retrieved 2012-02-27.

[pfaf-astra-4] "Astragalus membranaceus – Moench". Plants for a Future.

[ildis-5] "Astragalus propinquus Schischkin". LegumeWeb. International Legume Database & Information Service. 2005-11-01. Retrieved 2012-02-27.

[6] Block, Keith I.; Mead, Mark N. (1 September 2003). "Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review". Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2 (3): 247–267. doi:10.1177/1534735403256419. PMID 15035888. S2CID 21465896.

[7] Matkovic Z, Zivkovic V, Korica M, Plavec D, Pecanic S, Tudoric N (2010). "Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis". Phytother Res. 24 (2): 175–81. doi:10.1002/ptr.2877. PMID 19504468. S2CID 46201817.

[8] Guo, Ruoling; Pittler, Max H.; Ernst, Edzard (December 2007). "Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 99 (6): 483–495. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4. PMID 18219828.

[9] Xu, Q.; Ma, X.; Liang, X. (2007). "Determination of Astragalosides in the Roots of Astragalus spp. Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 18 (5): 419–427. Bibcode:2007PChAn..18..419X. doi:10.1002/pca.997. PMID 17624885.

[10] Lin, L. Z.; He, X. G.; Lindenmaier, M.; Nolan, G.; Yang, J.; Cleary, M.; Qiu, S. X.; Cordell, G. A. (2000). "Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study of the Flavonoids of the Roots of Astragalus mongholicus and A. membranaceus". Journal of Chromatography A. 876 (1–2): 87–95. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00149-7. PMID 10823504.

[11] Rios, J. L.; Waterman, P. G. (1997). "A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of Astragalus". Phytotherapy Research. 11 (6): 411–418. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199709)11:6<411::AID-PTR132>3.0.CO;2-6. S2CID 84850794.

[12] "Astragalus". WebMD.

[jp15-13] Japanese Pharmacopoeia (PDF) (15th ed.). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Speciesbox
 |image = Astragalus membranaceus.jpg
-|taxon = Astragalus propinquus
+|taxon = Astragalus mongholicus
+|authority = Bunge<ref name=POWO_478720-1/>
-|authority = [[Schischkin]]<ref name="ildis">{{cite web | url = http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~16104&genus~Astragalus&species~propinquus | title = ''Astragalus propinquus'' Schischkin | accessdate = 2012-02-27 | date = 2005-11-01 | website = LegumeWeb | publisher = International Legume Database & Information Service }}</ref>
+|synonyms =
-|synonyms = * ''Astragalus membranaceus'' (Fisch.) Bunge
+  {{Species list
-* ''Astragalus membranaceus'' (Fisch.) Bunge var. ''mongholicus'' (Bunge)P.K.Hsiao
-* ''Astragalus propinquus'' Schischkin var. ''glabra'' Vydr.
+  |Astragalus borealimongolicus|Y.Z.Zhao
+  |Astragalus membranaceus var. mandshuricus|Nakai, not validly publ.
-* ''Phaca membranacea'' Fisch.
+  |Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus|(Bunge) P.K.Hsiao
-|synonyms_ref = <ref name="ildis" />
+  |Astragalus membranaceus|f. propinquus (Schischk.) Kitag.
+  |Astragalus membranaceus|Fisch. ex Bunge, nom. cons.
+  |Astragalus mongholicus var. dahuricus|(Fisch. ex DC.) Podlech
+  |Astragalus penduliflorus var. dahuricus|(Fisch. ex DC.) X.Y.Zhu
+  |Astragalus penduliflorus var. mongholicus|(Bunge) X.Y.Zhu
+  |Astragalus propinquus var. glaber|Vydrina, no type.
+  |Astragalus propinquus|Schischk.
+  |Astragalus purdomii|N.D.Simpson
+  |Phaca abbreviata|Ledeb.
+  |Phaca alpina var. dahurica|Fisch. ex DC.
+  |Phaca macrostachys|Turcz.
+  |Phaca membranacea|Fisch. ex Link, nom. nud.
+  |Tragacantha membranacea|(Fisch. ex Bunge) Kuntze
+  |Tragacantha mongholica|(Bunge) Kuntze
+  }}
+|synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO_478720-1">{{cite web |title=''Astragalus mongholicus'' Bunge |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:478720-1 |access-date=2023-04-06 }}</ref>
 }}
-'''''Astragalus propinquus''''' (syn. ''Astragalus membranaceus'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~16104&genus~Astragalus&species~membranaceus |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-09-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413143823/http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~16104&genus~Astragalus&species~membranaceus |archivedate=2014-04-13 }}</ref> commonly known as '''Mongolian milkvetch'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |title=English Names for Korean Native Plants |publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-89-97450-98-5 |location=Pocheon |pages=368 |access-date=26 January 2017 |via=[[Korea Forest Service]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |archivedate=25 May 2017 }}</ref> in English and as ''huáng qí'' ({{zh|c={{linktext|黃芪}}}}), ''běi qí'' ({{zh|t={{linktext|北|芪}}}}) or ''huáng huā huáng qí'' ({{zh|c={{linktext|黃花|黃|耆}}}}),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://alternativehealing.org/huang_qi.htm | title = Huang qi | publisher = Complementary and Alternative Healing University | author = Joe Hing Kwok Chu | accessdate = 2012-02-27 }}</ref> in Chinese, is a [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Fabaceae]]. It is one of the [[Chinese herbology#50 fundamental herbs|50 fundamental herbs]] used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]].<ref name="pfaf-astra">{{cite web | url = http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Astragalus+membranaceus | title = ''Astragalus membranaceus'' – Moench | publisher = Plants for a Future }}</ref>  It is a [[perennial plant]] and it is not listed as being threatened.<ref name="ildis" />
+'''''Astragalus mongholicus''''', [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonyms]] including '''''Astragalus propinquus''''' and '''''Astragalus membranaceus''''',<ref name=POWO_478720-1/> commonly known as '''Mongolian milkvetch''' in English;<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |title=English Names for Korean Native Plants |publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-89-97450-98-5 |location=Pocheon |pages=368 |access-date=26 January 2017 |via=[[Korea Forest Service]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017 }}</ref> 'Хунчир'  in Mongolian; ''huáng qí'' ({{zh|c={{linktext|黃芪}}}}), ''běi qí'' ({{zh|t={{linktext|北|芪}}}}) or ''huáng huā huáng qí'' ({{zh|c={{linktext|黃花|黃|耆}}}}),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://alternativehealing.org/huang_qi.htm | title = Huang qi | publisher = Complementary and Alternative Healing University | author = Joe Hing Kwok Chu | access-date = 2012-02-27 }}</ref> in Mongolia, is a [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Fabaceae]]. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in [[traditional Mongolian medicine]].<ref name="pfaf-astra">{{cite web | url = http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Astragalus+membranaceus | title = ''Astragalus membranaceus'' – Moench | publisher = Plants for a Future }}</ref>  It is a [[perennial plant]] and it is not listed as being threatened.<ref name="ildis">{{cite web | url = http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~16104&genus~Astragalus&species~propinquus | title = ''Astragalus propinquus'' Schischkin | access-date = 2012-02-27 | date = 2005-11-01 | website = LegumeWeb | publisher = International Legume Database & Information Service }}</ref>
+==Distribution==
+''A. mongholicus'' is widespread in temperate Asia, being found in [[Kazakhstan]], from [[Siberia]] to the [[Russian Far East]], in [[Mongolia]], and in west and north China.<ref name=POWO_478720-1/>
 == Herbalism ==
-''A. propinquus'' is used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]] (TCM).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Block|first1=Keith I.|last2=Mead|first2=Mark N.|title=Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review|journal=Integrative Cancer Therapies|date=1 September 2003|volume=2|issue=3|pages=247–267|doi=10.1177/1534735403256419|pmid=15035888}}</ref>  ''A. propinquus'' is an component in Lectranal, a food supplement used in treatment of [[seasonal allergic rhinitis]],<ref>{{cite journal | title = Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis | year = 2010 |authors=Matkovic Z., Zivkovic V., Korica M., Plavec D., Pecanic S., Tudoric N. | pmid=19504468 | doi=10.1002/ptr.2877 | volume=24 | issue=2 | journal=Phytother Res | pages=175–81}}</ref> though there is limited evidence of its effectiveness.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Guo|first1=Ruoling|last2=Pittler|first2=Max H.|last3=Ernst|first3=Edzard|title=Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review|journal=[[Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology]]|date=December 2007|volume=99|issue=6|pages=483–495|doi=10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4|pmid=18219828}}</ref>
+''A. mongholicus'' is used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]] (TCM).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Block|first1=Keith I.|last2=Mead|first2=Mark N.|title=Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review|journal=Integrative Cancer Therapies|date=1 September 2003|volume=2|issue=3|pages=247–267|doi=10.1177/1534735403256419|pmid=15035888|doi-access=|s2cid=21465896 }}</ref>  ''A. mongholicus'' is a component in Lectranal, a [[food supplement]] used in treatment of [[seasonal allergic rhinitis]],<ref>{{cite journal | title = Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis | year = 2010 |vauthors=Matkovic Z, Zivkovic V, Korica M, Plavec D, Pecanic S, Tudoric N | pmid=19504468 | doi=10.1002/ptr.2877 | volume=24 | issue=2 | journal=Phytother Res | pages=175–81| s2cid = 46201817 }}</ref> though there is limited evidence of its effectiveness.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Guo|first1=Ruoling|last2=Pittler|first2=Max H.|last3=Ernst|first3=Edzard|title=Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review|journal=[[Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology]]|date=December 2007|volume=99|issue=6|pages=483–495|doi=10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4|pmid=18219828}}</ref>
 == Chemistry ==
-Chemical constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include [[polysaccharide]]s and [[triterpenoids]] (such as [[astragaloside]]s),<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Xu | first1 = Q. | last2 = Ma | first2 = X. | last3 = Liang | first3 = X. | year = 2007 | title = Determination of Astragalosides in the Roots of ''Astragalus'' spp. Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry | url = | journal = Phytochemical Analysis | volume = 18 | issue = 5 | pages = 419–427 | pmid = 17624885 | doi = 10.1002/pca.997 }}</ref> as well as [[isoflavone]]s (including [[kumatakenin]], [[calycosin]], and [[formononetin]]) and their [[glycoside]]s and [[malonate]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lin, L. Z. |author2=He, X. G. |author3=Lindenmaier, M. |author4=Nolan, G. |author5=Yang, J. |author6=Cleary, M. |author7=Qiu, S. X. |author8=Cordell, G. A. | year = 2000 | title = Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study of the Flavonoids of the Roots of ''Astragalus mongholicus'' and ''A. membranaceus'' | url = | journal = Journal of Chromatography A | volume = 876 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 87–95 | pmid = 10823504 | doi=10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00149-7}}</ref>  An extract of ''A. propinquus'' called TA-65 may activate [[telomerase]], extending the lengths of the shortest telomeres which protect the terminal DNA at the ends of all chromosomes.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1089/rej.2010.1085 | title = A Natural Product Telomerase Activator As Part of a Health Maintenance Program | year = 2011 | last1 = Harley | first1 = C. B. | last2 = Liu | first2 = W. | last3 = Blasco | first3 = M. | last4 = Vera | first4 = E. | last5 = Andrews | first5 = W. H. | last6 = Briggs | first6 = L. A. | last7 = Raffaele | first7 = J. M. | journal = Rejuvenation Research | volume = 14 | pages = 45–56 | pmid = 20822369 | issue = 1 | pmc = 3045570 }}</ref> It contains the saponin [[cycloastragenol]].
+Chemical constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include [[polysaccharide]]s and [[triterpenoids]] (such as [[astragaloside]]s),<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Xu | first1 = Q. | last2 = Ma | first2 = X. | last3 = Liang | first3 = X. | year = 2007 | title = Determination of Astragalosides in the Roots of ''Astragalus'' spp. Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry | journal = Phytochemical Analysis | volume = 18 | issue = 5 | pages = 419–427 | pmid = 17624885 | doi = 10.1002/pca.997 | bibcode = 2007PChAn..18..419X }}</ref> as well as [[isoflavone]]s (including [[kumatakenin]], [[calycosin]], and [[formononetin]]) and their [[glycoside]]s and [[malonate]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lin, L. Z. |author2=He, X. G. |author3=Lindenmaier, M. |author4=Nolan, G. |author5=Yang, J. |author6=Cleary, M. |author7=Qiu, S. X. |author8=Cordell, G. A. | year = 2000 | title = Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study of the Flavonoids of the Roots of ''Astragalus mongholicus'' and ''A. membranaceus'' | journal = Journal of Chromatography A | volume = 876 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 87–95 | pmid = 10823504 | doi=10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00149-7}}</ref> It contains the saponin [[cycloastragenol]].
 == Toxicology ==
-While several other species of ''Astragalus'' are known to cause severe poisonings in livestock due to [[indolizine]] [[alkaloid]]s, aliphatic [[nitro compound]]s, and accumulated [[selenium]],<ref>{{cite journal | title = A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of Astragalus | journal = Phytotherapy Research | doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199709)11:6<411::AID-PTR132>3.0.CO;2-6 | volume=11 | issue=6 | pages=411–418| year = 1997 | last1 = Rios | first1 = J. L. | last2 = Waterman | first2 = P. G.}}</ref> none of these constituents have been detected in ''Astragalus propinquus'' used in [[dietary supplement]]s and TCM preparations.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-963-ASTRAGALUS.aspx?activeIngredientId=963&activeIngredientName=ASTRAGALUS | title = Astragalus | publisher = WebMD }}</ref>
+While several other species of ''Astragalus'' are known to cause severe poisonings in livestock due to [[indolizine]] [[alkaloid]]s, aliphatic [[nitro compound]]s, and accumulated [[selenium]],<ref>{{cite journal | title = A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of Astragalus | journal = Phytotherapy Research | doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199709)11:6<411::AID-PTR132>3.0.CO;2-6 | volume=11 | issue=6 | pages=411–418| year = 1997 | last1 = Rios | first1 = J. L. | last2 = Waterman | first2 = P. G.| s2cid = 84850794 | doi-access = free }}</ref> none of these constituents have been detected in ''Astragalus mongholicus'' used in [[dietary supplement]]s and TCM preparations.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-963-ASTRAGALUS.aspx?activeIngredientId=963&activeIngredientName=ASTRAGALUS | title = Astragalus | publisher = WebMD }}</ref>
 == Compendial status ==
-''A. propinquus'' is listed in the following official [[pharmacopoeia]]:
+''A. mongholicus'' is listed (as ''A.&nbsp;propinquus'') in the following official [[pharmacopoeia]]:
-* Japanese Pharmacopoeia<ref name=jp15>{{cite book |title=Japanese Pharmacopoeia |edition=15th |url=http://jpdb.nihs.go.jp/jp15e/JP15.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105441/http://jpdb.nihs.go.jp/jp15e/JP15.pdf |archivedate= 2011-07-22}}</ref>
+* Japanese Pharmacopoeia<ref name=jp15>{{cite book |title=Japanese Pharmacopoeia |edition=15th |url=http://jpdb.nihs.go.jp/jp15e/JP15.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105441/http://jpdb.nihs.go.jp/jp15e/JP15.pdf |archive-date= 2011-07-22}}</ref>
 == See also ==
@@ Line 34: / Line 53: @@
 == External links ==
 * {{cite web | url = http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Astragalus+membranaceus | title = ''Astragalus membranaceus'' – Moench | publisher = Plants for a Future }}
-* {{cite web | url = http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=140 | title = ''Astragalus membranaceus'' (FISCH. EX LINK) BUNGE – Fabaceae | website = Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases | publisher = ARS / GRIN | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20041115120643/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=140 | archivedate = 2004-11-15 }}
+* {{cite web | url = http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=140 | title = ''Astragalus membranaceus'' (FISCH. EX LINK) BUNGE – Fabaceae | website = Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases | publisher = ARS / GRIN | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041115120643/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=140 | archive-date = 2004-11-15 }}
+{{Taxonbar|from1=Q15520533|from2=Q15532251|from3=Q1131804}}
 {{Medicinal herbs & fungi}}
-{{Taxonbar|from1=Q1131804|from2=Q15532251}}
-[[Category:Astragalus|propinquus]]
+[[Category:Astragalus|mongholicus]]
+[[Category:Flora of China]]
-[[Category:Flora of temperate Asia]]<!-- or Central Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, Russian Far East, China & Eastern Asia-->
+[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
+[[Category:Flora of Mongolia]]
+[[Category:Flora of the Russian Far East]]
+[[Category:Flora of Siberia]]
 [[Category:Forages]]
 [[Category:Herbs]]
 [[Category:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine]]
-[[Category:Telomeres]]
-[[Category:Poisonous plants]]

Taxon identifiers
Astragalus mongholicus	Wikidata: Q15520533 Wikispecies: Astragalus mongholicus CoL: HZ86 EoL: 643270 FNA: 200011902 FoC: 200011902 GBIF: 5345341 GRIN: 402528 iNaturalist: 138362 IPNI: 478720-1 IRMNG: 10585476 ITIS: 820171 IUCN: 19893111 NCBI: 119829 Observation.org: 134643 Open Tree of Life: 445993 PfaF: Astragalus mongholicus Plant List: ild-31278 PLANTS: ASMO18 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:478720-1 Tropicos: 13026420 WFO: wfo-0000185128
Astragalus membranaceus	Wikidata: Q15532251 Wikispecies: Astragalus membranaceus FNA: 200011901 GBIF: 5345205 GRIN: 5824 IPNI: 478610-1 IRMNG: 10579516 NCBI: 649199 Observation.org: 133961 Open Tree of Life: 263091 PfaF: Astragalus membranaceus POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:478611-1 WFO: wfo-0000185834
Astragalus propinquus	Wikidata: Q1131804 Wikispecies: Astragalus propinquus CoL: HZVT EoL: 643273 GBIF: 5345203 GRIN: 413621 IPNI: 479317-1 IRMNG: 10585477 NCBI: 158324 Observation.org: 139633 Open Tree of Life: 278207 Plant List: ild-31282 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:479317-1 Tropicos: 13038782 WFO: wfo-0000185131

v t e Medicinal herbs and fungi
Herbs	Alfalfa Aloe vera Anise Borututu Asthma-plant Astragalus Cannabis medical use Caraway Cardamom Chamomile Chaparral Fenugreek Feverfew Flaxseed Ginger Ginkgo Ginseng Goldenseal Lemon balm Liquorice Marigold Marsh-mallow Neem Opium poppy Oregano Peppermint Purple coneflower Rosemary Sage Star anise Summer savory Tea tree oil Thyme Turmeric Umckaloabo Valerian Verbena White willow Yarrow Za'atar
Fungi	Almond mushroom Chaga mushroom Echigoshirayukidake Lingzhi mushroom Maitake Meshima Morel mushroom Shiitake
Regional practices	Chinese herbology Indian herbology Islamic herbology Japanese herbology Korean herbology
Related subjects	Alternative medicine Doctrine of signatures Herb garden Herbal Herbal tea Herbalism Homeopathy Medicinal plants
List of plants used in herbalism