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Coordinates: 52°40′28″N 01°22′43″E / 52.67444°N 1.37861°E / 52.67444; 1.37861
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{{Short description|Former Royal Air Force station used by USAAF}}
{{Infobox military structure
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
|name= Royal Air Force Station Rackheath<BR>USAAF Station 145
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
[[File:Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg|90px]]
{{More footnotes needed|date=February 2013}}
[[File:Patch 8thUSAAF.png|60px]]
{{Infobox military installation
|location= Located Near [[Norwich]], [[Norfolk]], England
|name = RAF Rackheath<br />USAAF Station 145
|coordinates={{Coord|52|40|34.49|N|001|23|02|E|}}<br>OS TG2873114139
|ensign = [[File:Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg|110px|alt=]] [[File:Eighth Air Force - Emblem (World War II).png|60px|alt=]]
|image= [[File:Rackheathairfield 9july1946.png|300px]]
|ensign_size =
|caption= Aerial Photo of Rackheath Airfield - 9 July 1946
|location =
|type= Military airfield
|nearest_town = [[Norwich]], [[Norfolk]]
|code=RK
|country = England
|built=1943
|image = Rackheathairfield 9july1946.png
|builder=
|image_size = 300
|materials=
|alt =
|height=
|caption = Labeled [[aerial photo]] of RAF Rackheath, showing the typical [[class A airfield]] layout, July 1946
|used=1944-1945
|type = [[List of former Royal Air Force stations|Royal Air Force station]]
|demolished=
|coordinates = {{Coord|52|40|28|N|01|22|43|E|region:GB-NFK_type:airport|display=inline,title}}
|condition=
|gridref = SU 270 703
|ownership=
|pushpin_map = Norfolk
|controlledby=[[Royal Air Force]]<br />[[United States Army Air Forces]]
|pushpin_mapsize= 300
|garrison=
|pushpin_map_alt=
|commanders=
|pushpin_mark = RAF roundel.svg
|occupants=[[Eighth Air Force]]
|pushpin_marksize=
|battles= [[European Theatre of World War II]]<br />Air Offensive, Europe July 1942 - May 1945
|pushpin_label = RAF Rackheath
{{Location map|Norfolk
|caption= RAF Rackheath, shown within Norfolk
|pushpin_map_caption= Shown within Norfolk
|ownership = [[Air Ministry]]
|lat= 52.676
|operator = [[Royal Air Force]]<br />[[United States Army Air Forces]]
|long= 1.371
|controlledby =
|width= 200
|open_to_public=
|condition = airfield returned to agriculture, technical site now known as Rackheath Industrial Estate<ref name=ControlTowers.co.uk>{{Cite web|last=Truman|first=Robert|date=7 August 2021|orig-date=2004|url=http://www.controltowers.co.uk/R/Rackheath.htm|title=RAF Rackheath airfield|website=ControlTowers.co.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123191404/https://www.controltowers.co.uk/R/Rackheath.htm|archive-date=23 January 2022}}
</ref>
|code = RK<ref name=ControlTowers.co.uk/>
|site_area =
|height =
|built = {{Start date and age|1943|df=y}}
|builder =
|used = 1944 – {{End date|1945|df=y}}
|materials =
|fate = closed
|battles =
|events =
|past_commanders= <!-- past notable commander(s) -->
|garrison =
|occupants = [[467th Bombardment Group|467th Bombardment Group (Heavy)]], 8th AF, USAAF
|elevation = {{Convert|31|m|-1|abbr=off}}<ref name=RAFWeb.org>{{Cite web|last=Barrass|first=M.B.|date=n.d.|url=https://rafweb.org/Stations/Stations-R.htm#Rackheath|title=RAF Stations - Q & R – RAF Rackheath|website=RAFWeb.org|publisher=Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation|access-date=27 August 2023}}</ref>
|r1-number = <s>00/00</s>
|r1-length = {{Convert|2000|yd|abbr=off}}
|r1-surface= [[concrete]]
|r2-number = <s>00/00</s>
|r2-length = {{Convert|1400|yd|abbr=off}}
|r2-surface= concrete
|r3-number = <s>00/00</s>
|r3-length = {{Convert|1400|yd|abbr=off}}
|r3-surface= concrete
|website =
}}
}}
'''Royal Air Force Rackheath''', more commonly known as '''RAF Rackheath''', is a former [[Royal Air Force]] [[List of former Royal Air Force stations|station]] located near the village of [[Rackheath]], approximately {{Convert|6|mi|abbr=off}} north-east of [[Norwich]], in the [[Counties of England|county]] of [[Norfolk]] in [[England]].
}}
[[File:467bg-b241.jpg|thumb|Consolidated B-24J-65-CF Liberator Serial 44-10600 of the 788th Bomb Squadron]]
[[File:467bg-b242.jpg|thumb|Ford B-24H-25-FO Liberator Serial 42-95234 "Weiser Witch" of the 788th Bomb Squadron. This aircraft crash landed at [[RAF Bungay]] on 5 May 1945 after fire in the nose.]]
[[File:Rackheath control tower.jpg|thumb|right|photo of control tower renovated for use as offices]]
[[File:Rackheath ex t2.jpg|thumb|right|Commercial use of former T2 hangar]]
'''RAF Rackheath''' is a former World War II [[RAF station]] airfield in England . The field is located 5 miles (8&nbsp;km) NE of [[Norwich]] in [[Norfolk]] between [[Rackheath]] and [[Salhouse]].


==USAAF use==
==History==
[[File:467bg-b241.jpg|thumb|left|[[Consolidated B-24 Liberator|Consolidated B-24J-65-CF Liberator]], serial 44-10600, of the [[788th Bombardment Squadron|788th Bomb Squadron]] releasing its bomb load during [[WWII]]. Based at RAF Rackheath.|alt=]]
The airfield was laid out on agricultural land between the two settlements of Rackheath Parva and Rackheath Magna.
Laid out on agricultural land between the two settlements of Rackheath Parva and Rackheath Magna, construction on the [[airfield]] began in {{Start date and age|1943}}, for the [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF) [[Eighth Air Force]] (8th AF). Constructed to the [[Air Ministry]] requirements for a [[class A airfield]], it followed the typical layout of other [[heavy bomber]] bases, with a main [[runway]] of {{Convert|2000|yd|abbr=off}} and two auxiliary runways of {{Convert|1400|yd|abbr=off}} each. The perimeter track was {{Convert|2.7|mi|abbr=off}} in length, and this and the runways had a [[concrete]] screed finish. Mark II airfield lighting was installed, two T2 [[hangar]]s were erected for major aircraft maintenance, and dispersed temporary building accommodation provided for some 2400 personnel in the wooded countryside of the estate to the south-west of the airfield. A [[Dispersal (military)|dispersed]] [[weapon storage area]] was constructed to the north of the airfield. During construction, {{Convert|556000|cuyd|m3|abbr=off}} of soil were excavated, {{Convert|14000|yd|abbr=off}} of soak-away drains installed, and {{Convert|504000|yd|abbr=off}} of concrete laid. A major overhead power line had to be put underground to clear the aircraft flying approaches.


===USAAF use===
Airfield construction began in 1943 for the [[United States Army Air Forces]] [[Eighth Air Force]] and followed the lines of other heavy bomber bases with a main runway of {{convert|2000|yd}} and two auxiliary runways of {{convert|1400|yd}} each. The perimeter track was {{convert|2.7|mi|km}} in length and this and the runways had a concrete screed finish. Mark 11 airfield lighting was installed, two [[T-2 hangar]]s were erected for major aircraft maintenance, and dispersed temporary building accommodation provided for some 2.400 men in the wooded countryside of the estate to the south-west of the airfield. During construction, {{convert|556000|cuyd|m3}} of soil were excavated, {{convert|14000|yd}} of soakaway drains installed and {{convert|504000|yd}} super of concrete laid. A major overhead power line had to be put underground to clear the flying approaches.
The airfield was given USAAF designation '''Station 145'''.<ref name=ControlTowers.co.uk/><ref name=ABCT>{{Cite web|url=https://abct.org.uk/airfields/airfield-finder/rackheath/|title=Rackheath|website=ABCT.org.uk|location=[[London]], England|publisher=[[Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust]]|date=n.d.|access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref>


====467th Bombardment Group (Heavy)====
The airfield was given USAAF designation '''Station 145'''.
The airfield was opened on {{Start date and age|1943|03|11|df=y}}, and was used by the [[467th Bombardment Group|467th Bombardment Group (Heavy)]],<ref name=ABCT/> 'The Rackheath Aggies', of the [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF),<ref name=ControlTowers.co.uk/><ref name=RAFWeb.org/> arriving from [[Wendover Air Force Base|Wendover AAF]] at [[Utah]]. The 467th was assigned to the [[96th Combat Bombardment Wing]], and the group [[tail code]] was a 'Circle-P'. Flying [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator]]s, its operational squadrons were:<ref name=ControlTowers.co.uk/><ref name=ABCT/>
*[[788th Bombardment Squadron]] (X7)
*[[789th Bombardment Squadron]] (6A)
*[[790th Bombardment Squadron]] (Q2)
*[[791st Bombardment Squadron]] (4Z)


The group flew the [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator]] as part of the Eighth Air Force's strategic bombing campaign. The 467th began operations on 10 April 1944, with an attack by thirty aircraft on an airfield at [[Bourges]] in central France.
The airfield was opened on 11 March 1944 and was used by the [[467th Bombardment Group (Heavy)]], arriving from [[Wendover Air Force Base|Wendover AAF]] [[Utah]]. The 467th was assigned to the [[96th Combat Bombardment Wing]], and the group tail code was a "Circle-P". Its operational squadrons were:
[[File:467bg-b242.jpg|thumb|left|[[Consolidated B-24 Liberator|Ford B-24H-25-FO Liberator]], serial 42-95234 'Weiser Witch', of the 788th Bomb Squadron. This aircraft crash landed at [[RAF Bungay]] on 5 May 1945 after fire in the nose.|alt=]]
In combat, the unit served chiefly as a strategic bombardment organisation, attacking the German navy harbour at [[Kiel]], chemical plants at [[Bonn]], textile factories at [[Stuttgart]], power plants at [[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]], steel works at [[Osnabrück]], the aircraft industry at [[Braunschweig|Brunswick]], and other objectives.


In addition to strategic operations, it was engaged occasionally in support and interdiction missions. It bombed shore installations and bridges near [[Cherbourg]] on [[D-Day]], 6 June 1944. It struck enemy troop and supply concentrations near [[Montreuil, Pas-de-Calais|Montreuil]] on 25 July 1944 to assist the [[Operation Overlord|Allied drive across France]].
* [[788th Bombardment Squadron]] (X7)
* [[789th Bombardment Squadron]] (6A)
* [[790th Bombardment Squadron]] (Q2)
* [[791st Bombardment Squadron]] (4Z)


In September, over two weeks the bombers flew [[petrol]] from Rackheath to a forward base at [[Clastres]] in France for use by the US mechanised forces. Attacked German communications and fortifications during the [[Battle of the Bulge]], December 1944 to January 1945. To assist the [[Operation Varsity|Allied assault across the Rhine]] in March 1945 it attacked enemy transportation.
The group flew the [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator]] as part of the Eighth Air Force's strategic bombing campaign.
The 467th began operations on 10 April 1944 with an attack by thirty aircraft on an airfield at [[Bourges]] in central France.


The group flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945, and then returned to the US to [[Sioux Falls Regional Airport|Sioux Falls AAF]] in [[South Dakota]] during June and July 1945. Subsequently, the 467th was re-designated as the 467th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy), with [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress]]es in preparation for [[Operation Downfall|the planned invasion of Japan]]. The 467th was inactivated on 4 August 1946.<ref name="Maurer1980p00">{{Harvnb|Maurer|1980|p=00.}}</ref><ref name="Freeman2001p00">{{Harvnb|Freeman|2001|p=00.}}</ref>
In combat, the unit served chiefly as a strategic bombardment organization, attacking the harbor at [[Kiel]], chemical plants at [[Bonn]], textile factories at [[Stuttgart]], power plants at [[Hamm]], steel works at [[Osnabrück]], the aircraft industry at [[Braunschweig|Brunswick]], and other objectives.


===RAF use===
In addition to strategic operations, it was engaged occasionally in support and interdiction missions. It bombed shore installations and bridges near [[Cherbourg]] on [[D-Day]], 6 June 1944. It struck enemy troop and supply concentrations near [[Montreuil, Pas-de-Calais|Montreuil]] on 25 July 1944 to assist the [[Operation Overlord|Allied drive across France]].
The airfield was returned to the [[Royal Air Force]], and a number of units were posted here:<ref name=ABCT/>
*[[No. 94 Maintenance Unit RAF]] (27 January 1948 - 16 August 1954)<ref name=RAFWeb.org/>
*[[No. 231 Maintenance Unit RAF]]


==Current use==
In September, over two weeks the bombers flew [[gasoline]] from Rackheath to a forward base at [[Clastres]] in France for use by the US mechanized forces. Attacked German communications and fortifications during the [[Battle of the Bulge]], December 1944-January 1945. To assist the [[Operation Varsity|Allied assault across the Rhine]] in March 1945 it attacked enemy transportation.
[[File:Rackheath ex t2.jpg|thumb|left|Commercial use of former T2 [[hangar]], 2007.|alt=]]
[[File:Rackheath control tower.jpg|thumb|The [[control tower]] renovated for use as offices, 2007.|alt=]]
With the end of the war, the airfield was closed permanently in late {{End date and age|1945|df=y}}, and the airfield site was returned to farming use.<ref name=ABCT/> Save for a very small section of the main runway, small sections of [[Taxiway|perimeter track]], and a solitary pair of former [[Dispersal (military)|dispersed]] aircraft hardstandings on the south-west of the airfield which still exist; the remainder of the former airfield concrete infrastructure has been removed and broken up for re-use as [[construction aggregate]]. Muck Lane, which was previously closed when the airfield was constructed, was subsequently restored and re-opened to vehicular traffic, and alongside a small race track created for [[remote control car]] racing used by Norfolk Buggy Club.


The former admin site is now a small development of new private houses, and the former barracks site is now new commercial buildings. The former main technical site is now known as Rackheath Industrial Estate,<ref name=ABCT/> with several of the [[WW2]]-era buildings being modified or extended, and used for light industry (including engineering, logistics, construction, automotive maintenance, and communications),<ref name=ABCT/> and many new additional modern industrial buildings constructed. The primary access road on the estate was named Wendover Road to commemorate the [[airbase]] in the United States where the 467th Bomb Group was formed. Other estate roads carry related names; including Albert Shower Road after base commander [[Colonel]] Albert J. Shower,<ref name=ControlTowers.co.uk/> Ramirez Road after ground crew chief M/Sgt Joe Ramirez, Witchcraft Way (which leads to the former [[control tower]]) after an individual aircraft of the group, along with Hudson Close and Liberator Close.
The group flew its last combat mission on 25 April and returned to the US to [[Sioux Falls Regional Airport|Sioux Falls AAF]] [[South Dakota]] during June and July 1945. Subsequently the 467th was redesignated as the 467th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy) with [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress]]es in preparation for [[Operation Downfall|the planned invasion of Japan]]. The 467th was deactivated on 4 August 1946.


The [[control tower]] still exists, though after many years of neglect, was renovated during 2006 and 2007;<ref>{{Cite web|last=Truman|first=Robert|date=2007|url=https://controltowers.co.uk/R/Rackheath_2007.htm|title=Rackheath control tower rebuilt 2006-2007|website=ControlTowers.co.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123061304/https://controltowers.co.uk/R/Rackheath_2007.htm|archive-date=23 January 2022}}</ref> it has been converted to use as an administrative building, currently occupied by a software company. The west T2 [[hangar]] is virtually beyond recognition as compared to how it looked in 1943. Its former aircraft hangar doors have been removed, replaced by modern brickwork and aluminium cladding with smaller rolling shutter doors added to the front, and has been repainted cream and green. Inside the building the roof girders appear to be original and identical to those seen on photographs taken in 1944. The other T2 hangar, on the eastern side of the airfield near the [[Salhouse railway station]] was dismantled many years ago, and two new small industrial buildings constructed on its former southern dispersal.
==Civil use==
With the end of the war, the airfield was closed in 1945 and the airfield site returned to farming. Very little of the runways, perimeter track, or hardstands remain. Most of the concrete has been broken up for aggregate.


==Memorials==
The technical site has become the Rackheath Industrial Estate with several of the wartime buildings being modified or extended, and used for light industry. The major access road on the estate was named Wendover Road to commemorate the airbase in the US where the 467th Bomb Group was formed. Other roads carry related names including one after Albert Shower the base commander and "Witchcraft Way" after an aircraft of the group.
[[File:U.S.A.A.F. Rackheath Memorial Stone - geograph.org.uk - 525367.jpg|thumb|left|[[467th Bombardment Group|467th Bombardment Group (Heavy)]] memorial stone, corner of Bidwell Road and Liberator Close.|alt=]]
[[File:Pathfinders 4 July 2020.jpg|thumb|Rackheath Pathfinders - Site 6 (467th) USAAF, 16 October 2020|alt=]]
A [[memorial]] to the 467th Bomb Group consisting of a plaque and a pair of benches was dedicated in 1983. The [[memorial plaque]], flanked by the two benches, is situated in front the [[Rackheath]] village sign on the Salhouse Road, adjacent to the [[Holy Trinity Church, Rackheath|Holy Trinity Church]] at 52°39'46"N 01°22'42"E.


A further memorial stone was erected in 1990 on the corner of Bidwell Road and Liberator Close. Flanked by two flagpoles with United States and United Kingdom flags hoisted, the polished black granite stone, with inscription detailing the operations of the [[467th Bombardment Group|467th Bombardment Group (Heavy)]] of the [[2nd Air Division]], [[Eighth Air Force]], USAAF at RAF Rackheath, was dedicated on 29 July 1990 by the Four Hundred And Sixty Seventh Bombardment Group Heavy Association Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/86237|title=Memorial – 467th Bombardment Group – WMR-86237|website=IWM.org.uk|publisher=[[Imperial War Museums]]|date=n.d.|access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref>
The control tower has been converted to use as an administrative building. The T-2 hangar nearby is virtually beyond recognition as compared to how it looked in 1943. Brickwork has been added to the front and the whole building has been repainted cream and green. Inside the building the roof girders appear to be original and identical to those seen on photographs taken in 1944. The other hangar on the eastern side of the airfield was dismantled many years ago.


===Rackheath Pathfinders===
A memorial to the 467th Bomb Group consisting of a plaque and a bench was dedicated in 1983, and is situated near the village sign (featuring a B-24) on the [[Salhouse]] Road, adjacent to the Holy Trinity Church.
Site 6{{Where|date=August 2023}} was a small part of the airbase comprising, amongst others, Commanding Officer's (and his deputy's) quarters, officers' club, shower blocks, dining rooms, cinema, kitchen areas, and several blast shelters. The site is bisected by Newman Road.

In March 2020, a volunteer group (The Pathfinders) was formed to help manage and 're-claim' the site. A Facebook Group has been formed to enable people to follow the volunteers progress.


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|England}}
{{Portal box|United States Air Force|Military of the United States|World War II}}
*[[List of former Royal Air Force stations]]
*[[List of former Royal Air Force stations]]


==References==
==References==
{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
{{AFHRA}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

* Freeman, Roger A. (1978) ''Airfields of the Eighth: Then and Now''. After the Battle ISBN 0-900913-09-6
===Bibliography===
* Freeman, Roger A. (1991) ''The Mighty Eighth: The Colour Record''. Cassell & Co. ISBN 0-304-35708-1
*{{Cite book|last=Freeman|first=Roger A.|date=1991|title=The Mighty Eighth: The Colour Record|publisher=[[Cassell & Co.]]|isbn=0-304-35708-1}}
* Maurer, Maurer (1983). ''Air Force Combat Units Of World War II''. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.
*{{Cite book|last=Freeman|first=Roger A.|date=2001|title=Airfields of the Eighth - Then and Now. After the Battle|location=[[London]], UK|publisher=Battle of Britain International Ltd|isbn=0-9009-13-09-6}}
* [http://www.controltowers.co.uk/R/Rackheath.htm www.controltowers.co.uk Rackheath]
*{{Cite book|last=Maurer|first=M.|date=1980|title=Air Force Combat Units of World War II|location=USAF Historical Division. [[Washington D.C.]], USA|publisher=[[Zenger Publishing Co., Inc.]]|isbn=0-89201-092-4}}
* [http://mighty8thaf.preller.us/php/1Loc.php?Base=Rackheath Rackheath at http://mighty8thaf.preller.us]
*{{Cite web|url=http://mighty8thaf.preller.us/php/1Loc.php?Base=Rackheath|title=Rackheath|website=Mighty8thAF.preller.us}}
* [http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present]
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/usafserials.html|title=USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present|website=JoeBaugher.com}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|RAF Rackheath}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://mighty8thaf.preller.us/gallery/Rackheath Rackheath photo gallery]
*[http://www.gallery.mighty8thaf.preller.us/v/8thAF/Airfields/Rackheath/ Rackheath photo gallery] — at Mighty8thAF.preller.us
* [http://www.467bg.com 467th Bomb Group website]
*[http://www.467bg.com 467th Bomb Group website]
;Videos (YouTube)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLp-jiMda78 Rackheath Airbase near Norwich in colour in World War Two. Archive film 97851] — HuntleyFilmArchives
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79_rY_Tgw2E B-24 Witchcraft, original WW2 film]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xipVWFmFus4 467th BG(H): memorials at Rackheath, station 145] — modern video showing the many different memorials, commemorations, and other features of the former RAF Rackheath


{{Royal Air Force}}
{{USAAF 8th Air Force UK}}
{{USAAF 8th Air Force UK}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Rackheath}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rackheath}}
[[Category:Airfields of the VIII Bomber Command in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Airfields of the VIII Bomber Command in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military history of Norfolk]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force stations in Norfolk]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force stations in Norfolk]]

Latest revision as of 11:58, 18 February 2024

RAF Rackheath
USAAF Station 145
Near Norwich, Norfolk in England
Labeled aerial photo of RAF Rackheath, showing the typical class A airfield layout, July 1946
RAF Rackheath is located in Norfolk
RAF Rackheath
RAF Rackheath
Shown within Norfolk
Coordinates52°40′28″N 01°22′43″E / 52.67444°N 1.37861°E / 52.67444; 1.37861
Grid referenceSU 270 703
TypeRoyal Air Force station
CodeRK[1]
Site information
OwnerAir Ministry
OperatorRoyal Air Force
United States Army Air Forces
Conditionairfield returned to agriculture, technical site now known as Rackheath Industrial Estate[1]
Site history
Built1943; 81 years ago (1943)
In use1944 – 1945 (1945)
Fateclosed
Garrison information
Occupants467th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 8th AF, USAAF
Airfield information
Elevation31 metres (100 feet)[2] AMSL
Runways
Direction Length and surface
00/00 2,000 yards (1,800 metres) concrete
00/00 1,400 yards (1,300 metres) concrete
00/00 1,400 yards (1,300 metres) concrete

Royal Air Force Rackheath, more commonly known as RAF Rackheath, is a former Royal Air Force station located near the village of Rackheath, approximately 6 miles (9.7 kilometres) north-east of Norwich, in the county of Norfolk in England.

History

[edit]
Consolidated B-24J-65-CF Liberator, serial 44-10600, of the 788th Bomb Squadron releasing its bomb load during WWII. Based at RAF Rackheath.

Laid out on agricultural land between the two settlements of Rackheath Parva and Rackheath Magna, construction on the airfield began in 1943; 81 years ago (1943), for the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Eighth Air Force (8th AF). Constructed to the Air Ministry requirements for a class A airfield, it followed the typical layout of other heavy bomber bases, with a main runway of 2,000 yards (1,800 metres) and two auxiliary runways of 1,400 yards (1,300 metres) each. The perimeter track was 2.7 miles (4.3 kilometres) in length, and this and the runways had a concrete screed finish. Mark II airfield lighting was installed, two T2 hangars were erected for major aircraft maintenance, and dispersed temporary building accommodation provided for some 2400 personnel in the wooded countryside of the estate to the south-west of the airfield. A dispersed weapon storage area was constructed to the north of the airfield. During construction, 556,000 cubic yards (425,000 cubic metres) of soil were excavated, 14,000 yards (13,000 metres) of soak-away drains installed, and 504,000 yards (461,000 metres) of concrete laid. A major overhead power line had to be put underground to clear the aircraft flying approaches.

USAAF use

[edit]

The airfield was given USAAF designation Station 145.[1][3]

467th Bombardment Group (Heavy)

[edit]

The airfield was opened on 11 March 1943; 81 years ago (1943-03-11), and was used by the 467th Bombardment Group (Heavy),[3] 'The Rackheath Aggies', of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF),[1][2] arriving from Wendover AAF at Utah. The 467th was assigned to the 96th Combat Bombardment Wing, and the group tail code was a 'Circle-P'. Flying Consolidated B-24 Liberators, its operational squadrons were:[1][3]

The group flew the Consolidated B-24 Liberator as part of the Eighth Air Force's strategic bombing campaign. The 467th began operations on 10 April 1944, with an attack by thirty aircraft on an airfield at Bourges in central France.

Ford B-24H-25-FO Liberator, serial 42-95234 'Weiser Witch', of the 788th Bomb Squadron. This aircraft crash landed at RAF Bungay on 5 May 1945 after fire in the nose.

In combat, the unit served chiefly as a strategic bombardment organisation, attacking the German navy harbour at Kiel, chemical plants at Bonn, textile factories at Stuttgart, power plants at Hamm, steel works at Osnabrück, the aircraft industry at Brunswick, and other objectives.

In addition to strategic operations, it was engaged occasionally in support and interdiction missions. It bombed shore installations and bridges near Cherbourg on D-Day, 6 June 1944. It struck enemy troop and supply concentrations near Montreuil on 25 July 1944 to assist the Allied drive across France.

In September, over two weeks the bombers flew petrol from Rackheath to a forward base at Clastres in France for use by the US mechanised forces. Attacked German communications and fortifications during the Battle of the Bulge, December 1944 to January 1945. To assist the Allied assault across the Rhine in March 1945 it attacked enemy transportation.

The group flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945, and then returned to the US to Sioux Falls AAF in South Dakota during June and July 1945. Subsequently, the 467th was re-designated as the 467th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy), with Boeing B-29 Superfortresses in preparation for the planned invasion of Japan. The 467th was inactivated on 4 August 1946.[4][5]

RAF use

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The airfield was returned to the Royal Air Force, and a number of units were posted here:[3]

Current use

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Commercial use of former T2 hangar, 2007.
The control tower renovated for use as offices, 2007.

With the end of the war, the airfield was closed permanently in late 1945; 79 years ago (1945), and the airfield site was returned to farming use.[3] Save for a very small section of the main runway, small sections of perimeter track, and a solitary pair of former dispersed aircraft hardstandings on the south-west of the airfield which still exist; the remainder of the former airfield concrete infrastructure has been removed and broken up for re-use as construction aggregate. Muck Lane, which was previously closed when the airfield was constructed, was subsequently restored and re-opened to vehicular traffic, and alongside a small race track created for remote control car racing used by Norfolk Buggy Club.

The former admin site is now a small development of new private houses, and the former barracks site is now new commercial buildings. The former main technical site is now known as Rackheath Industrial Estate,[3] with several of the WW2-era buildings being modified or extended, and used for light industry (including engineering, logistics, construction, automotive maintenance, and communications),[3] and many new additional modern industrial buildings constructed. The primary access road on the estate was named Wendover Road to commemorate the airbase in the United States where the 467th Bomb Group was formed. Other estate roads carry related names; including Albert Shower Road after base commander Colonel Albert J. Shower,[1] Ramirez Road after ground crew chief M/Sgt Joe Ramirez, Witchcraft Way (which leads to the former control tower) after an individual aircraft of the group, along with Hudson Close and Liberator Close.

The control tower still exists, though after many years of neglect, was renovated during 2006 and 2007;[6] it has been converted to use as an administrative building, currently occupied by a software company. The west T2 hangar is virtually beyond recognition as compared to how it looked in 1943. Its former aircraft hangar doors have been removed, replaced by modern brickwork and aluminium cladding with smaller rolling shutter doors added to the front, and has been repainted cream and green. Inside the building the roof girders appear to be original and identical to those seen on photographs taken in 1944. The other T2 hangar, on the eastern side of the airfield near the Salhouse railway station was dismantled many years ago, and two new small industrial buildings constructed on its former southern dispersal.

Memorials

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467th Bombardment Group (Heavy) memorial stone, corner of Bidwell Road and Liberator Close.
Rackheath Pathfinders - Site 6 (467th) USAAF, 16 October 2020

A memorial to the 467th Bomb Group consisting of a plaque and a pair of benches was dedicated in 1983. The memorial plaque, flanked by the two benches, is situated in front the Rackheath village sign on the Salhouse Road, adjacent to the Holy Trinity Church at 52°39'46"N 01°22'42"E.

A further memorial stone was erected in 1990 on the corner of Bidwell Road and Liberator Close. Flanked by two flagpoles with United States and United Kingdom flags hoisted, the polished black granite stone, with inscription detailing the operations of the 467th Bombardment Group (Heavy) of the 2nd Air Division, Eighth Air Force, USAAF at RAF Rackheath, was dedicated on 29 July 1990 by the Four Hundred And Sixty Seventh Bombardment Group Heavy Association Ltd.[7]

Rackheath Pathfinders

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Site 6[where?] was a small part of the airbase comprising, amongst others, Commanding Officer's (and his deputy's) quarters, officers' club, shower blocks, dining rooms, cinema, kitchen areas, and several blast shelters. The site is bisected by Newman Road.

In March 2020, a volunteer group (The Pathfinders) was formed to help manage and 're-claim' the site. A Facebook Group has been formed to enable people to follow the volunteers progress.

See also

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References

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Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Truman, Robert (7 August 2021) [2004]. "RAF Rackheath airfield". ControlTowers.co.uk. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Barrass, M.B. (n.d.). "RAF Stations - Q & R – RAF Rackheath". RAFWeb.org. Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Rackheath". ABCT.org.uk. London, England: Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. n.d. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  4. ^ Maurer 1980, p. 00.
  5. ^ Freeman 2001, p. 00.
  6. ^ Truman, Robert (2007). "Rackheath control tower rebuilt 2006-2007". ControlTowers.co.uk. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Memorial – 467th Bombardment Group – WMR-86237". IWM.org.uk. Imperial War Museums. n.d. Retrieved 28 August 2023.

Bibliography

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