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{{Short description|Possible king of Cyrene, 116–96 BC}}
{{More footnotes|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{other people||Ptolemy (name)}}
| name = Ptolemy Apion
[[Image:Ptolemy Apion BM 1383.jpg|thumb|right|Portrait of a Ptolemaic ruler, maybe Ptolemy Apion, 1st century BC, from the temple of [[Apollo]] at [[Cyrene, Libya|Cyrene]], [[British Museum]]]]
| title =
| image = Naples Archaeology Museum (5914186263).jpg
| caption = Portrait of Ptolemy Apion from Herculaneum, presently located at the [[National Archaeological Museum, Naples]].
⚫
| succession = [[List of Kings of Cyrene|King of Cyrene]]
| reign =
| coronation =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| spouse =
| issue =
| native_lang1 = Greek
| native_lang1_name1 = {{lang|grc|Πτολεμαῖος Ἀπίων}}
| royal house = [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]
| dynasty =
| father = [[Ptolemy VIII Physcon]]
| mother = Eirene of Cyrene
| birth_date = 150-145 BC
| birth_place = Cyrene (?)
| death_date = 96 BC
| death_place =
| date of burial =
| place of burial = |
}}


'''Ptolemy Apion''' or simply known as '''Apion''' ({{lang-grc|Πτολεμαῖος Ἀπίων}}, between 150 BC & 145 BC - 96 BC) was the last Greek [[Cyrenaica|Cyrenaean]] [[List of kings of Cyrene|King]] and was a member of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. Ptolemy was [[Greeks|Greek]] and native [[Egypt]]ian in descent. His second name ''Apion'' is a name of [[ancient Egypt]]ian origin and could be a name from his maternal ancestry.
'''Ptolemy Apion''' or simply known as '''Apion''' ({{lang-grc|Πτολεμαῖος Ἀπίων}}; between 150 BC and 145 BC – 96 BC) was the last Greek [[List of kings of Cyrene|King]] of [[Cyrenaica]] who separated it from the [[Ptolemaic Kingdom]] of [[Egypt]], and in his [[Will and testament|last will]] bequeathed his country to [[Roman Empire|Rome]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ptolemy Apion {{!}} Ruler of Cyrenaica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-Apion|access-date=2021-09-15|website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]|language=en}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]].


==Biography==
Ptolemy was the son of Egyptian Greek prince, Cyrenaean King and future Pharaoh of Egypt [[Ptolemy VIII Physcon]] and his third wife, Eirene (Irene)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.livius.org/articles/person/ptolemy-viii-physcon/?|title=Ptolemy VIII Physcon - Livius|website=Livius.org|language=en|access-date=2017-09-28}}</ref>. Ptolemy’s paternal uncle was the Egyptian Greek Pharaoh [[Ptolemy VI Philometor]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.livius.org/articles/person/ptolemy-v-epiphanes/?|title=Ptolemy V Epiphanes - Livius|website=Livius.org|language=en|access-date=2017-09-28}}</ref> and his paternal aunt was the Egyptian Greek princess and queen [[Cleopatra II of Egypt]]<ref name=":1" />. His paternal grandparents were Egyptian Greek Pharaoh [[Ptolemy V Epiphanes]]<ref name=":0" /> and Egyptian Greek Queen [[Cleopatra I of Egypt]]<ref name=":0" />, who was a Greek princess of the Seleucid Empire.
Apion was the son of [[Ptolemy VIII Physcon]], king of Egypt (170-165, 145-132, and 127-116) and king of Cyrene and Cyprus (163-116 BC), by a concubine. Apion's mother is often identified with Eirene, who was his mistress around 147 BC,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livius.org/articles/person/ptolemy-viii-physcon/?|title=Ptolemy VIII Physcon - Livius|website=Livius.org|language=en|access-date=2017-09-28}}</ref> but there is no evidence for this.<ref name="PA"/>


Ptolemy Apion was apparently given Cyrene as a separate kingdom ca. 105-101 BC.<ref name="PA">{{cite web |last=Bennett |first=Christopher |website=Egyptian Royal Genealogy |url=https://www.instonebrewer.com/TyndaleSites/Egypt/ptolemies/apion_fr.htm|title=Ptolemy Apion|access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref> Nothing is recorded of Ptolemy's reign of Cyrenaica. Some scholars have doubted that he ever actually reigned.<ref>*{{cite book |last1=Rosamilia |first1=Emilio |title=La città del silfio. Istituzioni, culti ed economia di Cirene classica ed ellenistica attraverso le fonti epigrafiche |date=2023 |publisher=Scuola Normale Superiore |location=Pisa |isbn=9788876427367 |language=it|page=30}}</ref> Ptolemy died in 96 BC without heirs. In Ptolemy's will, he left Cyrenaica and his ancestral royal estates to the rule of the [[Roman Republic]].<ref name="PA"/>
Ptolemy’s mother, Eirene (Irene), a native Egyptian, may actually have been named Ithaca, according to the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] Jewish historian [[Josephus]]. {{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} Little is known of Eirene's origins, apart from the fact she came from Cyrenaica.{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} She was a mistress of Physcon’s and was among his [[Concubinage|concubines]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} Eirene served as Physcon’s mistress from 150 BC til 127 BC.{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} Eirene accompanied Physcon in 145 BC to Egypt when he became pharaoh and succeeded his brother Ptolemy VI. {{Citation needed|date=September 2017}}

Ptolemy was most probably born in Cyrene, the capital of Cyrenaica, but was raised and educated in his father’s court in Egypt. {{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} Until 116 BC, he most probably lived in Egypt. Ptolemy never held a royal Egyptian title. In 116 BC, Ptolemy’s father had died. From Physcon’s will, Ptolemy inherited Cyrenaica and, in that year, ascended the throne without any political opposition.

Little is recorded of Ptolemy’s reign of Cyrenaica. Ptolemy died in 96 BC and he implemented the terms of his father’s will for Cyrenaica. He never married and had no heirs. In Ptolemy’s will, he left Cyrenaica and his ancestral royal estates to the rule of the [[Roman Republic]]. Physcon had planned this for Cyrenaica after Ptolemy’s death.

Ptolemy’s ancestral estates were occupied by locals in the 1st century. The occupiers of the estates needed assistance from the [[Roman Emperor]], [[Nero]], to legalise the land title through their occupations, thereby vesting ownership in them.

==See also==
* [[Cyrene, Libya|Cyrene]]
* [[Cyrenaica]]
⚫
* [[List of Kings of Cyrene]]


==References==
==References==
*[[Tacitus]] - Annals of Imperial Rome, Nero and his Helpers (xiv. 14-65)
⚫
*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livius.org/ps-pz/ptolemies/ptolemy_viii_physcon.html|title=Ptolemy VIII Physcon - Livius|website=Livius.org|accessdate=1 October 2017}}</ref>
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*[[Tacitus]], ''Annals'' xiv. 14–65)
⚫
*{{cite web|url=https://www.livius.org/ps-pz/ptolemies/ptolemy_viii_physcon.html|title=Ptolemy VIII Physcon - Livius|website=Livius.org|access-date=1 October 2017}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}


{{Hellenistic rulers}}
{{Hellenistic rulers}}

Latest revision as of 16:52, 10 March 2024

Ptolemy Apion
Portrait of Ptolemy Apion from Herculaneum, presently located at the National Archaeological Museum, Naples.
King of Cyrene
Born150-145 BC
Cyrene (?)
Died96 BC
GreekΠτολεμαῖος Ἀπίων
HousePtolemaic dynasty
FatherPtolemy VIII Physcon
MotherEirene of Cyrene

Ptolemy Apion or simply known as Apion (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Ἀπίων; between 150 BC and 145 BC – 96 BC) was the last Greek King of Cyrenaica who separated it from the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, and in his last will bequeathed his country to Rome.[1] He was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Biography

[edit]

Apion was the son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon, king of Egypt (170-165, 145-132, and 127-116) and king of Cyrene and Cyprus (163-116 BC), by a concubine. Apion's mother is often identified with Eirene, who was his mistress around 147 BC,[2] but there is no evidence for this.[3]

Ptolemy Apion was apparently given Cyrene as a separate kingdom ca. 105-101 BC.[3] Nothing is recorded of Ptolemy's reign of Cyrenaica. Some scholars have doubted that he ever actually reigned.[4] Ptolemy died in 96 BC without heirs. In Ptolemy's will, he left Cyrenaica and his ancestral royal estates to the rule of the Roman Republic.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ptolemy Apion | Ruler of Cyrenaica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  2. ^ "Ptolemy VIII Physcon - Livius". Livius.org. Retrieved 2017-09-28.
  3. ^ a b c Bennett, Christopher. "Ptolemy Apion". Egyptian Royal Genealogy. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  4. ^ *Rosamilia, Emilio (2023). La città del silfio. Istituzioni, culti ed economia di Cirene classica ed ellenistica attraverso le fonti epigrafiche (in Italian). Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore. p. 30. ISBN 9788876427367.
[edit]
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