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| manufacturer = [[OKB|Experimental Design Bureau]]<br/>(OKB-1)
| manufacturer = [[OKB|Experimental Design Bureau]]<br/>(OKB-1)
| country = [[Soviet Union]]
| country = [[Soviet Union]]
| applications = Satellite/spacecraft
| applications = [[Satellite]]/[[spacecraft]]
| orbits = [[Low Earth orbit]]
| orbits = [[Low Earth orbit]]
| operator = [[Soviet space program]]
| operator = [[Soviet space program]]
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| launched = 0
| launched = 0
| first =
| first =
| last =
| last =


| mass = {{convert|7350|kg}}
| mass = {{convert|7350|kg}}
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; Volume: {{convert|9000|m3}}
; Volume: {{convert|9000|m3}}
}}
}}
'''Aelita''' was a design started in 1978 of a [[Soviet Union]] version of a [[Soyuz spacecraft]]. The Aelita, was part of the [[Soyuz programme]], but was to use an unmanned Soyuz spacecraft as an [[infrared astronomy]] [[telescope]] [[satellite]]. A Soyuz spacecraft was to be modified to become the Aelita project satellite. The Aelita project not completed and was cancelled 1982.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/a/aelitasatellite.html|title=Aelita satellite|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref>
'''Aelita''' was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] design of a version of a [[Soyuz spacecraft]] started in 1978. The Aelita was part of the [[Soyuz programme]], but was planned to use an unmanned Soyuz spacecraft as an [[infrared astronomy]] [[telescope]] [[satellite]]. A Soyuz spacecraft was planned to be modified to become the Aelita project satellite. The Aelita project not completed, and was cancelled in 1982.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/a/aelitasatellite.html|title=Aelita satellite|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref>


== Design==
== Design==
The Soviet plan for a infrared astronomy satellite began in 1965 as part of the Soviet ''Cloud Space Station'' plan. The ''Cloud Space Station'' developed into MKBS/MOK space station complex plan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/m/mkbs.html|title=MKBS|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/m/mkbs-secretfmirandsoyuzt.html|title=MKBS - Secret Origin of Mir and Soyuz T|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref> In February 1976, both production of Aelita and production of the MKBS/MOK-[[Mir]] space station where approved. Aelita was to have a gross mass of {{convert|7350|kg}}. Aelita plans had a passive [[Docking and berthing of spacecraft|space docking port]] so that the spacecraft could be serviced by Soyuz manned spacecraft. Crew members could replace the telescope [[film cassette]]s every six months and repair or replace instruments if needed. Since the spacecraft/satellite would not need to reentry the [[atmosphere of Earth]] the Soyuz descent equipment and orbital modules would be remove, so the infrared astronomy telescope could be installed. The telescope was to be placed in a large pressurized cylinder in the Soyuz spacecraft. By 1978, the Aelita instrument payload was in the design and developed phase. Soyuz spacecrafts were built by [[OKB|Experimental Design Bureau]]. In May 1974, the [[N1 (rocket)|N1 launch vehicle]] and the MKBS space station both were cancelled after the many failures of the N1 rocket. Aelita was sub set of the MKBS space station, not Mir, so Aelita was also cancelled.<ref name="auto"/> After the failure of the N1 rocket and thus the [[Soviet crewed lunar programs|Soviet lunar program]], the [[Soviet space program]] was completely reorganized. <ref name="astronautix-l3m-1972">{{Cite web |last1=Wade |first1=Mark |title=L3M-1972 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/l/l3m-1972.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001030919/http://www.astronautix.com/l/l3m-1972.html |archive-date=1 October 2023 |access-date=18 October 2019 |website=astronautix.com |ref=1974 May 1 – Launch Vehicle: N1. N1 cancellation imminent }}</ref><ref name="astronautix-n1f">{{Cite web |last1=Wade |first1=Mark |title=N1F |url=http://www.astronautix.com/n/n1f.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129225537/http://www.astronautix.com/n/n1f.html |archive-date=29 November 2023 |access-date=18 October 2019 |website=astronautix.com |ref=1974 May 2 – N1-L3 program is cancelled }}</ref> While the lunar project was cancelled in February 1976, a new space station was authorization the DOS-7/DOS-8 space station, that evolved into Mir launched in 1986. While Aelita ever flew, Aelita's sister spacecraft, the [[Gamma (satellite)|Gamma satellite]], was complete and was launched in 1990. The Gamma project was a joint Soviet-French project.<ref name="gamma">{{cite web |url=http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/gamma.html |title=The Gamma Satellite |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=2008-03-01}}</ref> <br/> Disk-M telescope (20&nbsp;[[keV]] to 5&nbsp;MeV)<ref name="gamma"/> <ref name="auto"/> Aelita is know for being one of the longest project on the drawing board, started in 1965 and ending in 1982, 17 years in planning.<ref name="auto"/>
The Soviet plan for an infrared astronomy satellite began in 1965 as part of the Soviet ''Cloud Space Station'' plan. The ''Cloud Space Station'' developed into MKBS/MOK space station complex plan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/m/mkbs.html|title=MKBS|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/m/mkbs-secretfmirandsoyuzt.html|title=MKBS - Secret Origin of Mir and Soyuz T|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref> In February 1976, both production of Aelita and production of the MKBS/MOK-[[Mir]] space station where approved. Aelita was to have a gross mass of {{convert|7350|kg}}. Aelita plans had a passive [[Docking and berthing of spacecraft|space docking port]] so that the spacecraft could be serviced by Soyuz manned spacecraft. Crew members could replace the telescope [[film cassette]]s every six months and repair or replace instruments if needed. Since the spacecraft/satellite would not need to go through [[Atmospheric entry|reentry]] into the [[atmosphere of Earth]] the Soyuz [[Descent (aeronautics)|descent]] equipment and orbital modules would be remove, so the infrared astronomy telescope could be installed. The telescope was to be placed in a large pressurized cylinder in the Soyuz spacecraft. By 1978, the Aelita instrument payload was in the design and developed phase. Soyuz spacecrafts were built by [[OKB|Experimental Design Bureau]]. In May 1974, the [[N1 (rocket)|N1 launch vehicle]] and the MKBS space station both were cancelled after the many failures of the N1 rocket. Aelita was sub set of the MKBS space station, not Mir, so Aelita was also cancelled.<ref name="auto"/> After the failure of the N1 rocket and thus the [[Soviet crewed lunar programs|Soviet lunar program]], the [[Soviet space program]] was completely reorganized.<ref name="astronautix-l3m-1972">{{Cite web |last1=Wade |first1=Mark |title=L3M-1972 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/l/l3m-1972.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001030919/http://www.astronautix.com/l/l3m-1972.html |archive-date=1 October 2023 |access-date=18 October 2019 |website=astronautix.com |ref=1974 May 1 – Launch Vehicle: N1. N1 cancellation imminent }}</ref><ref name="astronautix-n1f">{{Cite web |last1=Wade |first1=Mark |title=N1F |url=http://www.astronautix.com/n/n1f.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129225537/http://www.astronautix.com/n/n1f.html |archive-date=29 November 2023 |access-date=18 October 2019 |website=astronautix.com |ref=1974 May 2 – N1-L3 program is cancelled }}</ref> While the lunar project was cancelled in February 1976, a new space station was authorization the DOS-7/DOS-8 space station, that evolved into Mir launched in 1986. While Aelita ever flew, Aelita's sister spacecraft, the [[Gamma (satellite)|Gamma satellite]], was complete and was launched in 1990. The Gamma project was a joint Soviet-French project.<ref name="gamma">{{cite web |url=http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/gamma.html |title=The Gamma Satellite |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=2008-03-01}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
Aelita is known for being one of the longest projects on the [[drawing board]], started in 1965 and ending in 1982, 17 years in planning.<ref name="auto"/>


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
*[[Soyuz 7K]]
*[[Soyuz 7K]]
*[[Soyuz 9K]]
*[[Soyuz 9K]]
*[[Soyuz 7K-P]]
*[[Soyuz 7K-P]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
⚫
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons|Soyuz program}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070701035626/http://www.energia.ru/english/energia/news/news-2006/public_07-01.html RSC Energia: Concept Of Russian Manned Space Navigation Development]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070701035626/http://www.energia.ru/english/energia/news/news-2006/public_07-01.html RSC Energia: Concept Of Russian Manned Space Navigation Development]
⚫
* David S.F. Portree, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20020406094119/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/references/r-documents-mirhh.htm Mir Hardware Heritage]'', NASA RP-1357, 1995
* Mir Hardware Heritage
⚫
** David S.F. Portree, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20020406094119/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/references/r-documents-mirhh.htm Mir Hardware Heritage]'', NASA RP-1357, 1995
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070714090258/http://www.astronautix.com/craftfam/soyuz.htm Information on Soyuz spacecraft]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070714090258/http://www.astronautix.com/craftfam/soyuz.htm Information on Soyuz spacecraft]
* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/soyuz/spacecraft_detail.html NASA - Russian Soyuz TMA Spacecraft Details]
* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/soyuz/spacecraft_detail.html NASA - Russian Soyuz TMA Spacecraft Details]
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{{Soyuz variants}}
{{Soyuz variants}}
{{Soyuz}}
{{Soyuz}}
{{Space observatories}}


[[Category:Soyuz program]]
[[Category:Soyuz program]]

Revision as of 19:10, 22 April 2024

Aelita (Soyuz)
Aelita was to be built into a Soyuz-T spacecraft, as pictured here.
ManufacturerExperimental Design Bureau
(OKB-1)
Country of originSoviet Union
OperatorSoviet space program
ApplicationsSatellite/spacecraft
Specifications
Launch mass7,350 kilograms (16,200 lb)
Dimensions
Height
8 metres (26 ft)
Volume
9,000 cubic metres (320,000 cu ft)
PowerSolar Arrays
EquipmentInfrared astronomy telescope
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Production
StatusCanceled 1982
Built0
Launched0

Aelita was a Soviet design of a version of a Soyuz spacecraft started in 1978. The Aelita was part of the Soyuz programme, but was planned to use an unmanned Soyuz spacecraft as an infrared astronomy telescope satellite. A Soyuz spacecraft was planned to be modified to become the Aelita project satellite. The Aelita project not completed, and was cancelled in 1982.[1]

Design

The Soviet plan for an infrared astronomy satellite began in 1965 as part of the Soviet Cloud Space Station plan. The Cloud Space Station developed into MKBS/MOK space station complex plan.[2][3] In February 1976, both production of Aelita and production of the MKBS/MOK-Mir space station where approved. Aelita was to have a gross mass of 7,350 kilograms (16,200 lb). Aelita plans had a passive space docking port so that the spacecraft could be serviced by Soyuz manned spacecraft. Crew members could replace the telescope film cassettes every six months and repair or replace instruments if needed. Since the spacecraft/satellite would not need to go through reentry into the atmosphere of Earth the Soyuz descent equipment and orbital modules would be remove, so the infrared astronomy telescope could be installed. The telescope was to be placed in a large pressurized cylinder in the Soyuz spacecraft. By 1978, the Aelita instrument payload was in the design and developed phase. Soyuz spacecrafts were built by Experimental Design Bureau. In May 1974, the N1 launch vehicle and the MKBS space station both were cancelled after the many failures of the N1 rocket. Aelita was sub set of the MKBS space station, not Mir, so Aelita was also cancelled.[1] After the failure of the N1 rocket and thus the Soviet lunar program, the Soviet space program was completely reorganized.[4][5] While the lunar project was cancelled in February 1976, a new space station was authorization the DOS-7/DOS-8 space station, that evolved into Mir launched in 1986. While Aelita ever flew, Aelita's sister spacecraft, the Gamma satellite, was complete and was launched in 1990. The Gamma project was a joint Soviet-French project.[6][1]

Aelita is known for being one of the longest projects on the drawing board, started in 1965 and ending in 1982, 17 years in planning.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Aelita satellite". www.astronautix.com.
  2. ^ "MKBS". www.astronautix.com.
  3. ^ "MKBS - Secret Origin of Mir and Soyuz T". www.astronautix.com.
  4. ^ Wade, Mark. "L3M-1972". astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  5. ^ Wade, Mark. "N1F". astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  6. ^ "The Gamma Satellite". NASA. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
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