Simon Bening: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Flemish miniaturist}} |
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⚫ | [[Image:Simon Bening - Miniaturenmaler.jpg|thumb|353x353px|Self-portrait, tempera on parchment (8.5 cm × 5.7 cm), [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York. The inscription in Latin reads "Simon Bennik. Alexandri. [F]ilius Se Ipsu. Pi[n]gebat. Ano. Aetatis. 75. 1558." ("Simon Bennik, the son of Alexander, painted this himself at the age of 75 in 1558").<ref>Hindman (1997), 112</ref>]] |
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'''Simon Bening''' (c. |
'''Simon Bening''' (c. 1483 – 1561) was a Flemish [[Miniature (illuminated manuscript)|miniaturist]], generally regarded as the last major artist of the [[Early Netherlandish painting|Netherlandish]] tradition.<ref>Morrison and Kren (2006), 68</ref> |
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Bening, born either in [[Ghent]] or [[Antwerp]], was probably trained by his father, [[Limner|illuminator]] [[Alexander Bening]], in the family workshop in Ghent. He travelled between Ghent and [[Bruges]] and became a member of the [[Guild of Saint Luke|guild]] of San John and Saint Luke in Bruges as an illuminator in 1508. He made his own name after moving to Bruges in about 1510, where he had lived since. From 1517 |
Bening, born either in [[Ghent]] or [[Antwerp]], was probably trained by his father, [[Limner|illuminator]] [[Alexander Bening]], in the family workshop in Ghent. He travelled between Ghent and [[Bruges]] and became a member of the [[Guild of Saint Luke|guild]] of San John and Saint Luke in Bruges as an illuminator in 1508. He made his own name after moving to Bruges in about 1510, where he had lived since. From 1517 to 1555 he is listed regularly in the guild's annual accounts. Bening served as a dean of the [[calligraphy|calligraphers]], booksellers, illuminators and bookbinders in the Guild of Saint John and Saint Luke three separate times (1524, 1536, 1546).<ref>{{cite web|title=Simon Bening biography|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=355|publisher=Getty Museum|accessdate=18 December 2012}}</ref> |
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He was married twice and had six daughters. Two of them continued the family artistic tradition: [[Levina Teerlinc]] became a miniature painter, mostly of [[portrait miniature]]s, and [[Artists of the Tudor Court|emigrated to England]], and Alexandrine Claeiszuene became a successful art dealer.<ref>Hindman (1997), 98</ref> |
He was married twice and had six daughters. Two of them continued the family artistic tradition: [[Levina Teerlinc]] became a miniature painter, mostly of [[portrait miniature]]s, and [[Artists of the Tudor Court|emigrated to England]], and Alexandrine Claeiszuene became a successful art dealer.<ref>Hindman (1997), 98</ref> |
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==Works== |
==Works== |
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Bening specialised in [[ |
Bening specialised in [[Book of hours|Books of Hours]], but by his time these were produced only for royal or very rich patrons. He also created genealogical tables and portable altarpieces on [[parchment]] as well as oil paintings on wooden panels. He was known to extend miniature painting into the borders. His usage of illusionistic picture frames serve to function as small devotional panels.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Illuminated: Manuscripts in the making |url=https://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/illuminated/manuscript/discover/leaves-from-the-hours-of-albrecht-of-brandenburg/artist/simon-bening?back=section/artist |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> Many of his finest works are [[Labours of the Months]] for Books of Hours which are largely small-scale [[landscape]]s, at that time a nascent genre of painting. In other respects his style is relatively little developed beyond that of the years before his birth, but his landscapes serve as a link between the 15th-century illuminators and [[Pieter Brueghel the Elder]]. His [[self-portrait]] and other portraits equally are early examples of the [[portrait miniature]]. |
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He produced books for German rulers, like [[Albert of Mainz|Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg]], and royalty like [[Emperor Charles V]] and Don Fernando, the [[Infante of Portugal]]. Robert de Clercq, abbot of the [[Cistercian]] monastery of Ter Duinen ("Les Dunes") at [[Koksijde]], near Bruges, commissioned a [[Benedictional]] from him sometime between 1519 and 1529. Bening portrayed the abbot in a colourful [[Crucifixion]] scene.<ref>{{cite web|title=Benedictional of Robert de Clercq|url=http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00004-00001/10|publisher=Cambridge Digital Library|accessdate=18 December 2012}}</ref> |
He produced books for German rulers, like [[Albert of Mainz|Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg]], and royalty like [[Emperor Charles V]] and Don Fernando, the [[Infante of Portugal]]. Robert de Clercq, abbot of the [[Cistercian]] monastery of Ter Duinen ("Les Dunes") at [[Koksijde]], near Bruges, commissioned a [[Benedictional]] from him sometime between 1519 and 1529. Bening portrayed the abbot in a colourful [[Crucifixion]] scene.<ref>{{cite web|title=Benedictional of Robert de Clercq|url=http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00004-00001/10|publisher=Cambridge Digital Library|accessdate=18 December 2012}}</ref> |
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Bening’s usage of illusionism, pictorial narrative and creative adaptation demonstrates his influence from the leading illuminators, printmakers and painters of his near contemporaries such as [[Jan van Eyck]], [[Mary of Burgundy]], [[Martin Schongauer]], [[Gerard David]], and [[Albrecht Dürer]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Selected works== |
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* [[Labours of the Months]] |
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* [[Munich-Montserrat Book of Hours]] |
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*Codex of the Order of the Golden Fleece, [[Patrimonio Nacional]], Spain. |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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<gallery widths=" |
<gallery widths="160" heights="200"> |
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File:Benedictional of Robert de Clercq.jpg|Benedictional of Robert de Clercq: [[Crucifixion]], f. 4v, [[Cambridge University Library]], Cambridge |
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File:Simon Bening Decorated text Page.jpg|Prayer Book of Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg: text page with decorated borders, f 124, [[J. Paul Getty Museum]], Los Angeles |
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File:Simon Bening (Flemish - The Arrest of Christ - Google Art Project.jpg|Prayer Book of Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg: [[Arrest of Jesus|The Arrest of Christ]], f 107v, [[J. Paul Getty Museum]], Los Angeles |
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File:September- Four men playing a game that resembles golf - The Golf Book (1520-1530), f.27r - BL Add MS 24098.jpg|Four men playing a game that resembles golf. The [[Golf book]], British Library |
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File:Breviarium Grimani - February.jpg|February, Breviarium Grimaldi (1515–1520), [[Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana]], Venice (Italy) |
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File:Simon Bening - April.jpg|Labors of the Months: April, from a [[book of hours]] |
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File:Simon Bening - Mai.jpg|Labors of the Months: May |
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File:Simon Bening - Juni.jpg|Labors of the Months: June |
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File:Simon Bening (Flemish - Christ before Caiaphas - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Jesus|Christ]] before [[Caiaphas]] |
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File:Simon Bening Virgin and Child.jpg|[[Madonna (art)|Virgin]] and [[Christ Child|Child]] |
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File:Felipe II con el manto de la Orden del Toisón de Oro (Libro del Toisón de Oro).jpg|[[Philip II of Spain|Phillip II]] as The grand master of the order. Codex of the Golden Fleece Order 1536. [[Patrimonio Nacional]], Madrid, [[Spain]]. |
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File:Tríptico de san Jerónimo Simon Bening.jpg|''Tripthyc of St. Jerome'', tempera on parchment adhered to panel. [[El Escorial|Monastery of El Escorial]], [[Madrid]]. |
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File:Simon Bening The Annunciation to the Shepherds.jpg|The Annunciation to the Shepherds |
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File:Simon Bening - Virgo inter Virgines.jpg|Virgin amongst virgins ([[Virgo inter Virgines|Virgo inter virgines]]) |
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File:Simon Bening - Saint Gertrude.jpg|Saint [[Gertrude of Nivelles]] |
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File:Simon Bening (Flemish - The Annunciation - Google Art Project.jpg|The [[Annunciation]] |
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File:Manuscript Leaf with Adoration of the Holy Name, from a Book of Hours MET temp272481.jpg|Manuscript Leaf with Adoration of the [[Holy Name of Jesus|Holy Name]], from a [[Book of hours|Book of Hours]] |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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*Hindman, Sandra et al. ''Illuminations in the Robert Lehman Collection''. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997. |
*Hindman, Sandra et al. ''Illuminations in the Robert Lehman Collection''. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997. |
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*Morrison, Elizabeth and Kren, Thomas (eds). ''Flemish Manuscript Painting in Context''. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Trust, 2006. ISBN |
*Morrison, Elizabeth and Kren, Thomas (eds). ''Flemish Manuscript Painting in Context''. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Trust, 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-89236-852-5}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/75339 ''Gerard David: Purity of Vision in an Age of Transition''], exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF) |
* [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/75339 ''Gerard David: Purity of Vision in an Age of Transition''], exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF) |
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*[http://balat.kikirpa.be/photo.php?path=Y000058&objnr=20027226 The Hennessy Book of Hours], c. 1530-1540 |
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*[http:// |
* [http://balat.kikirpa.be/photo.php?path=Y000058&objnr=20027226 The Hennessy Book of Hours], c. 1530–1540 |
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*[http://collection.waddesdon.org.uk/search.do?id=43271&db=object&page=1&view=detail Book of Hours], c. 1525, from the collection at Waddesdon Manor |
* [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_24098 The Golf Book], c. 1540 |
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* [http://collection.waddesdon.org.uk/search.do?id=43271&db=object&page=1&view=detail Book of Hours], c. 1525, from the collection at Waddesdon Manor |
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*[http://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=4152|The Grimani Breviary: a Remarkable Artistic Collaboration between Simon Bening and Other Artists] |
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{{ACArt}} |
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{{Authority control|VIAF=32139591}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Bening, Simon |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = painter |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1483 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 1561 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bening, Simon}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bening, Simon}} |
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[[Category:1483 births]] |
[[Category:1483 births]] |
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[[Category:1561 deaths]] |
[[Category:1561 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Flemish Renaissance painters]] |
[[Category:Flemish Renaissance painters]] |
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[[Category:Flemish artists (before 1830)]] |
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[[Category:Manuscript illuminators]] |
[[Category:Manuscript illuminators]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:16th-century Flemish painters]] |
Latest revision as of 08:00, 21 May 2024
Simon Bening (c. 1483 – 1561) was a Flemish miniaturist, generally regarded as the last major artist of the Netherlandish tradition.[2]
Bening, born either in Ghent or Antwerp, was probably trained by his father, illuminator Alexander Bening, in the family workshop in Ghent. He travelled between Ghent and Bruges and became a member of the guild of San John and Saint Luke in Bruges as an illuminator in 1508. He made his own name after moving to Bruges in about 1510, where he had lived since. From 1517 to 1555 he is listed regularly in the guild's annual accounts. Bening served as a dean of the calligraphers, booksellers, illuminators and bookbinders in the Guild of Saint John and Saint Luke three separate times (1524, 1536, 1546).[3]
He was married twice and had six daughters. Two of them continued the family artistic tradition: Levina Teerlinc became a miniature painter, mostly of portrait miniatures, and emigrated to England, and Alexandrine Claeiszuene became a successful art dealer.[4]
Works
[edit]Bening specialised in Books of Hours, but by his time these were produced only for royal or very rich patrons. He also created genealogical tables and portable altarpieces on parchment as well as oil paintings on wooden panels. He was known to extend miniature painting into the borders. His usage of illusionistic picture frames serve to function as small devotional panels.[5] Many of his finest works are Labours of the Months for Books of Hours which are largely small-scale landscapes, at that time a nascent genre of painting. In other respects his style is relatively little developed beyond that of the years before his birth, but his landscapes serve as a link between the 15th-century illuminators and Pieter Brueghel the Elder. His self-portrait and other portraits equally are early examples of the portrait miniature.
He produced books for German rulers, like Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg, and royalty like Emperor Charles V and Don Fernando, the Infante of Portugal. Robert de Clercq, abbot of the Cistercian monastery of Ter Duinen ("Les Dunes") at Koksijde, near Bruges, commissioned a Benedictional from him sometime between 1519 and 1529. Bening portrayed the abbot in a colourful Crucifixion scene.[6]
Bening’s usage of illusionism, pictorial narrative and creative adaptation demonstrates his influence from the leading illuminators, printmakers and painters of his near contemporaries such as Jan van Eyck, Mary of Burgundy, Martin Schongauer, Gerard David, and Albrecht Dürer.[5]
Selected works
[edit]- Labours of the Months
- Munich-Montserrat Book of Hours
- Codex of the Order of the Golden Fleece, Patrimonio Nacional, Spain.
Gallery
[edit]-
Benedictional of Robert de Clercq: Crucifixion, f. 4v, Cambridge University Library, Cambridge
-
Prayer Book of Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg: text page with decorated borders, f 124, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
-
Prayer Book of Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg: The Arrest of Christ, f 107v, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
-
Four men playing a game that resembles golf. The Golf book, British Library
-
February, Breviarium Grimaldi (1515–1520), Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Venice (Italy)
-
Labors of the Months: April, from a book of hours
-
Labors of the Months: May
-
Labors of the Months: June
-
Phillip II as The grand master of the order. Codex of the Golden Fleece Order 1536. Patrimonio Nacional, Madrid, Spain.
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Tripthyc of St. Jerome, tempera on parchment adhered to panel. Monastery of El Escorial, Madrid.
-
The Annunciation to the Shepherds
-
Virgin amongst virgins (Virgo inter virgines)
-
Saint Gertrude of Nivelles
-
The Annunciation
-
Manuscript Leaf with Adoration of the Holy Name, from a Book of Hours
References
[edit]- ^ Hindman (1997), 112
- ^ Morrison and Kren (2006), 68
- ^ "Simon Bening biography". Getty Museum. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
- ^ Hindman (1997), 98
- ^ a b "Illuminated: Manuscripts in the making". www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ "Benedictional of Robert de Clercq". Cambridge Digital Library. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
Sources
[edit]- Hindman, Sandra et al. Illuminations in the Robert Lehman Collection. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997.
- Morrison, Elizabeth and Kren, Thomas (eds). Flemish Manuscript Painting in Context. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Trust, 2006. ISBN 978-0-89236-852-5
External links
[edit]- Media related to Simon Bening at Wikimedia Commons
- Gerard David: Purity of Vision in an Age of Transition, exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF)
- The Hennessy Book of Hours, c. 1530–1540
- The Golf Book, c. 1540
- Book of Hours, c. 1525, from the collection at Waddesdon Manor
- Grimani Breviary: a Remarkable Artistic Collaboration between Simon Bening and Other Artists