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{{short description|Family of flowering plants that includes grapes and Virginia creeper}}
{{Short description|Family of flowering plants that includes grapes and Virginia creeper}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|taxon = Vitaceae
| taxon = Vitaceae
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Maastrichtian|present|ref=<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vitales |url=https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/vitalesweb.html |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=www.mobot.org}}</ref>}}
|image = Grapes03.jpg
| image = Grapes03.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Vitis vinifera]]'', wine grapes
| image_caption = ''[[Vitis vinifera]]'', wine grapes
⚫
|parent_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] ex Bercht. & J.Presl
|authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]], nom. cons.
| parent_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] ex Bercht. & J.Presl
⚫
| authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]], nom. cons.
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
| synonyms =
|subdivision = *''[[Acareosperma]]''
*Ampelidopsaceae
⚫
*''[[Ampelocissus]]''
*Ampelopsidaceae
*''[[Ampelopsis]]'' ([[pepper-vine]])
*Cissaceae
⚫
*''[[Cayratia]]''
*Leeaceae
*''[[Cissus]]'' ([[treebind]], [[treebine]])
*Pterisanthaceae
⚫
*''[[Clematicissus]]''
*Vintaceae
*''[[Cyphostemma]]''
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = "GBIF">Vitaceae. (n.d.). GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.gbif.org/species/6672</ref>
*''[[Leea]]''
⚫
*''[[Nekemias]]''
*''[[Nothocissus]]''
⚫
*''[[Parthenocissus]]''
*''[[Pterisanthes]]''
*''[[Pterocissus]]''
⚫
*''[[Rhoicissus]]''
*''[[Tetrastigma]]''
*''[[Vitis]]'' ([[grape]])
⚫
*''[[Yua (plant)|Yua]]''
}}
}}


The '''Vitaceae''' are a family of [[dicotyledon]]ous [[flowering plant]]s, with 14 genera and ca 910 known species,<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W. |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press | doi-access = free }}</ref> including the [[grapevine]] and [[Parthenocissus quinquefolia|Virginia creeper]]. The family name is derived from the genus ''[[Vitis]]''. The name sometimes appears as '''Vitidaceae''', but Vitaceae is a [[conserved name]] and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, '''Ampelidaceae'''. In the [[APG III system]] (2009) onwards, the family is placed in its own order, '''Vitales'''. [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies place the Vitales as the most basal clade in the [[rosids]].<ref name=APG4>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 |url=https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-pdf/181/1/1/7223756/boj12385.pdf }}</ref>
The '''Vitaceae''' are a family of [[flowering plant]]s, with 14 genera and around 910 known species,<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W. |name-list-style=amp | year=2016 | title=The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal=Phytotaxa | volume=261 | pages=201–217 | url=http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue=3 | publisher=Magnolia Press | doi-access=free }}</ref> including common plants such as [[Vitis|grapevines]] (''Vitis'' spp.) and [[Parthenocissus quinquefolia|Virginia creeper]] (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). The family name is derived from the genus ''[[Vitis]]''.

In the [[Cronquist system]], the family was placed near the family [[Rhamnaceae]] in order [[Rhamnales]].


Most ''Vitis'' species have 38 [[chromosomes]] (n=19), but 40 (n=20) in subgenus ''[[Muscadinia]]'', while ''[[Ampelocissus]]'', ''[[Parthenocissus]]'', and ''[[Ampelopsis]]'' also have 40 chromosomes (n=20) and ''[[Cissus]]'' has 24 chromosomes (n=12).
Most ''Vitis'' species have 38 [[chromosomes]] (n=19), but 40 (n=20) in subgenus ''[[Muscadinia]]'', while ''[[Ampelocissus]]'', ''[[Parthenocissus]]'', and ''[[Ampelopsis]]'' also have 40 chromosomes (n=20) and ''[[Cissus]]'' has 24 chromosomes (n=12).
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Species of the genus ''[[Tetrastigma]]'' serve as hosts to [[parasitic plant]]s in the family [[Rafflesiaceae]].
Species of the genus ''[[Tetrastigma]]'' serve as hosts to [[parasitic plant]]s in the family [[Rafflesiaceae]].


==Taxonomy==
⚫
''[[Leea]]'', sometimes classified in its own family, [[Leeaceae]], is included in Vitaceae by [[APG IV]] (2016)<ref name=APG4/> and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
The name sometimes appears as '''Vitidaceae''', but Vitaceae is a [[conserved name]] and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, '''Ampelidaceae'''. In the [[APG III system]] (2009) onwards, the family is placed in its own order, '''Vitales'''. [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies place the Vitales as the most basal clade in the [[rosids]].<ref name=APG4>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 |url=https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-pdf/181/1/1/7223756/boj12385.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref> In the [[Cronquist system]], the family was placed near the family [[Rhamnaceae]] in order [[Rhamnales]].

''[[Plants of the World Online]]'' currently includes the following genera, placed in two subfamilies:
===Leeoideae===
⚫
* ''[[Leea]]'' <small>D.Royen</small>: previously placed in its own [[monotypic]] family, Leeaceae, was included in Vitaceae by [[APG IV]] (2016)<ref name=APG4/> and the [[Angiosperm]] Phylogeny Website.
===Vitoideae===
Five tribes are now recognised in this subfamily:<ref>Wen J, Lu LM, Nie ZI, Liu XQ, Zhang N, Ickert‐Bond S, Gerrath J, Manchester SR, Boggan J, Chen ZD (2018) A new phylogenetic tribal classification of the grape family (Vitaceae). ''Journal of Systematics and Evolution'' 56(4): 262-272.</ref>
;Ampelopsideae
[[File:Ampelopsis glandulosa var. heterophylla 0810.jpg|thumb|right|''Ampelopsis glandulosa'' var. ''heterophylla'']]
# ''[[Ampelopsis]]'' <small>A.Rich. ex Michx.</small> (pepper-vines)
⚫
# ''[[Clematicissus]]'' <small>Planch.</small>
⚫
# ''[[Nekemias]]'' <small>Raf.</small>
⚫
# ''[[Rhoicissus]]'' <small>Planch.</small>
;[[Cayratieae]]
[[File:Tetrastigma leucostaphylum 09.JPG|thumb|right|''Tetrastigma leucostaphylum'']]
# ''[[Acareosperma]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small>
# ''[[Afrocayratia]]'' {{small|J.Wen, L.M.Lu, Rabarij. & Z.D.Chen}}
# ''[[Causonis]]'' <small>Raf.</small>
⚫
# ''[[Cayratia]]'' <small>Juss.</small>
# ''[[Cyphostemma]]'' <small>(Planch.) Alston</small>
# ''[[Pseudocayratia]]'' <small>J.Wen, L.M.Lu & Z.D.Chen</small>
# ''[[Tetrastigma]]'' <small>(Miq.) Planch.</small>
;Cisseae
[[File:Starr 071024-9714 Cissus nodosa.jpg|thumb|right|''Cissus nodosa'']]
# ''[[Cissus]]'' <small>L.</small> (treebinds) - widespread in tropics & subtropics
;Parthenocisseae
[[File:Parthenocissus quinquefolia fructis.jpg|thumb|right|''Parthenocissus quinquefolia'']]
⚫
# ''[[Parthenocissus]]'' <small>Planch.</small>
⚫
# ''[[Yua (plant)|Yua]]'' <small>C.L.Li</small>
;Viteae
⚫
# ''[[Ampelocissus]]'' <small>Planch.</small>
# ''[[Vitis]]'' <small>L.</small> (includes grape vine)
;tribe ''incertae sedis''
# ''[[Pterisanthes]]'' <small>Blume</small> (Indochina, Malesia)


==Earliest fossil history==
==Earliest fossil history==
Well preserved-fruits of ''Indovitis chitaleyae'' containing seeds with similar morphology to the Vitaceae have been recovered from [[Late Cretaceous]] [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] [[Intertrappean beds]] of several sites in central [[India]]. These fruits and their dispersed seeds found in the same sediments, about 66 million years old, represent the oldest known fossils of the grape family. The fossil fruits containing 4 to 6 seeds are very similar to extant ''Vitis''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Manchester |first=Steven R. |last2=Kapgate |first2=Dashrath K. |last3=Wen |first3=Jun |title=Oldest fruits of the grape family (Vitaceae) from the Late Cretaceous Deccan cherts of India |journal=Am. J. Bot. |volume=100 |issue=9 |pages=1849–59 |date=September 2013 |pmid=24036414 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1300008 |jstor=23596215 }}.</ref>
Well preserved-fruits of ''[[Indovitis|Indovitis chitaleyae]]'' containing seeds with similar morphology to the Vitaceae have been recovered from [[Late Cretaceous]] [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] [[Intertrappean beds]] of several sites in central [[India]]. These fruits and their dispersed seeds found in the same sediments, about 66 million years old, represent the oldest known fossils of the grape family. The fossil fruits containing 4 to 6 seeds are very similar to extant ''Vitis''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Manchester |first1=Steven R. |last2=Kapgate |first2=Dashrath K. |last3=Wen |first3=Jun |title=Oldest fruits of the grape family (Vitaceae) from the Late Cretaceous Deccan cherts of India |journal=Am. J. Bot. |volume=100 |issue=9 |pages=1849–59 |date=September 2013 |pmid=24036414 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1300008 |jstor=23596215 }}.</ref>


==References and external links==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite journal |first=R.K. |last=Jansen |first2=C. |last2=Kaittanis |first3=S.B. |last3=Lee |first4=C. |last4=Saski |first5=J. |last5=Tomkins |first6=A.J. |last6=Alverson |first7=H. |last7=Daniell |title=Phylogenetic analyses of Vitis (Vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids |journal=BMC Evol. Biol. |volume=6 |issue= |pages=32 |date=April 2006 |pmid=16603088 |pmc=1479384 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-6-32 }}
*{{cite journal |first1=R.K. |last1=Jansen |first2=C. |last2=Kaittanis |first3=S.B. |last3=Lee |first4=C. |last4=Saski |first5=J. |last5=Tomkins |first6=A.J. |last6=Alverson |first7=H. |last7=Daniell |title=Phylogenetic analyses of Vitis (Vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids |journal=BMC Evol. Biol. |volume=6 |pages=32 |date=April 2006 |issue=1 |pmid=16603088 |pmc=1479384 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-6-32 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2006BMCEE...6...32J }}
*[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/vitalesweb.html#Vitales Vitaceae] at the [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb Angiosperm Phylogeny Web]
*[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/vitalesweb.html#Vitales Vitaceae] at the [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb Angiosperm Phylogeny Web]
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/vitidace.htm Vitidaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/vitidace.htm Vitidaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com
{{refend}}
{{Refend}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}


{{Angiosperm orders}}
{{Angiosperm families}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q26220}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q26220}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Vitaceae| ]]
[[Category:Vitaceae| ]]

Latest revision as of 14:34, 25 May 2024

Vitaceae
Temporal range: Maastrichtian–present[1]
Vitis vinifera, wine grapes
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Vitales
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
Family: Vitaceae
Juss., nom. cons.
Synonyms[2]
  • Ampelidopsaceae
  • Ampelopsidaceae
  • Cissaceae
  • Leeaceae
  • Pterisanthaceae
  • Vintaceae

The Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants, with 14 genera and around 910 known species,[3] including common plants such as grapevines (Vitis spp.) and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia). The family name is derived from the genus Vitis.

Most Vitis species have 38 chromosomes (n=19), but 40 (n=20) in subgenus Muscadinia, while Ampelocissus, Parthenocissus, and Ampelopsis also have 40 chromosomes (n=20) and Cissus has 24 chromosomes (n=12).

The family is economically important as the berries of Vitis species, commonly known as grapes, are an important fruit crop and, when fermented, produce wine.

Species of the genus Tetrastigma serve as hosts to parasitic plants in the family Rafflesiaceae.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The name sometimes appears as Vitidaceae, but Vitaceae is a conserved name and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, Ampelidaceae. In the APG III system (2009) onwards, the family is placed in its own order, Vitales. Molecular phylogenetic studies place the Vitales as the most basal clade in the rosids.[4] In the Cronquist system, the family was placed near the family Rhamnaceae in order Rhamnales.

Plants of the World Online currently includes the following genera, placed in two subfamilies:

Leeoideae

[edit]

Vitoideae

[edit]

Five tribes are now recognised in this subfamily:[5]

Ampelopsideae
Ampelopsis glandulosa var. heterophylla
  1. Ampelopsis A.Rich. ex Michx. (pepper-vines)
  2. Clematicissus Planch.
  3. Nekemias Raf.
  4. Rhoicissus Planch.
Cayratieae
Tetrastigma leucostaphylum
  1. Acareosperma Gagnep.
  2. Afrocayratia J.Wen, L.M.Lu, Rabarij. & Z.D.Chen
  3. Causonis Raf.
  4. Cayratia Juss.
  5. Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston
  6. Pseudocayratia J.Wen, L.M.Lu & Z.D.Chen
  7. Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch.
Cisseae
Cissus nodosa
  1. Cissus L. (treebinds) - widespread in tropics & subtropics
Parthenocisseae
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
  1. Parthenocissus Planch.
  2. Yua C.L.Li
Viteae
  1. Ampelocissus Planch.
  2. Vitis L. (includes grape vine)
tribe incertae sedis
  1. Pterisanthes Blume (Indochina, Malesia)

Earliest fossil history

[edit]

Well preserved-fruits of Indovitis chitaleyae containing seeds with similar morphology to the Vitaceae have been recovered from Late Cretaceous Deccan Intertrappean beds of several sites in central India. These fruits and their dispersed seeds found in the same sediments, about 66 million years old, represent the oldest known fossils of the grape family. The fossil fruits containing 4 to 6 seeds are very similar to extant Vitis.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Vitales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
  2. ^ Vitaceae. (n.d.). GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.gbif.org/species/6672
  3. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
  4. ^ a b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
  5. ^ Wen J, Lu LM, Nie ZI, Liu XQ, Zhang N, Ickert‐Bond S, Gerrath J, Manchester SR, Boggan J, Chen ZD (2018) A new phylogenetic tribal classification of the grape family (Vitaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 56(4): 262-272.
  6. ^ Manchester, Steven R.; Kapgate, Dashrath K.; Wen, Jun (September 2013). "Oldest fruits of the grape family (Vitaceae) from the Late Cretaceous Deccan cherts of India". Am. J. Bot. 100 (9): 1849–59. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300008. JSTOR 23596215. PMID 24036414..
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