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{{Short description|Creative content company founded by Kanye West}}
{{Short description|Creative content company founded by Kanye West}}
{{Redirect|DONDA|the album|Donda}}
{{Redirect|DONDA|other uses of Donda|Donda (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Donda
| name = Donda
| founded = {{Start date and age|2012}} in USA
| founder = [[Kanye West]]
| founder = [[Kanye West]]
| key_people = [[Virgil Abloh]]
| products = Films, music videos
| brands = Donda Sports
}}
}}
'''Donda''' (styled '''DONDA''') is a creative content company founded by American rapper and fashion designer [[Kanye West]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/style/joe-perez-donda-kanye-west-opt-archive-interview|title=Joe Perez Spent Eight Years Working for Kanye West and Now He's Revealing His Donda Archive. Here's Why.|last=Destefano|first=Mike|date=January 16, 2020|work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]] |access-date=January 23, 2020}}</ref> The company is named after West's mother, [[Donda West]], and shares the name with his [[Donda|tenth studio album]], released in 2021.
'''Donda''' (styled in [[all caps]]) is a creative content company founded by American rapper and fashion designer [[Kanye West]] (Ye).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/style/joe-perez-donda-kanye-west-opt-archive-interview|title=Joe Perez Spent Eight Years Working for Kanye West and Now He's Revealing His Donda Archive. Here's Why.|last=Destefano|first=Mike|date=January 16, 2020|work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]] |access-date=January 23, 2020}}</ref> The company was named after West's mother, [[Donda West]], and shares the name with his [[Donda|tenth studio album]], released in 2021.


== History ==
== History ==
West announced the company on January 5, 2012, via a series of Twitter posts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2012/01/kanye-west-announces-creative-company-donda/|title=Kanye West Announces Creative Company Donda|last=Osei|first=Anthony|date=January 5, 2012|work=Complex |access-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref>
West announced the company on January 5, 2012, via a series of [[Twitter]] posts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2012/01/kanye-west-announces-creative-company-donda/|title=Kanye West Announces Creative Company Donda|last=Osei|first=Anthony|date=January 5, 2012|work=Complex |access-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref>


In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would "pick up where [[Steve Jobs]] left off"; Donda would operate as "a design company which will galvanize amazing thinkers in a creative space to bounce their dreams and ideas" with the "goal to make products and experiences that people want and can afford."<ref>Graham, Mark, [http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2012-01-05/kanye-wests-epic-1600-word-twitter-rant-the-complete-text-neatly-organized-for-your-reading-pleasure/ Kanye West's Epic 1600-word Twitter Rant: Neatly Organized for your Reading Pleasure], 5 January 2012, [[VH1]], retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would "pick up where [[Steve Jobs]] left off"; Donda would operate as "a design company which will galvanize amazing thinkers in a creative space to bounce their dreams and ideas" with the "goal to make products and experiences that people want and can afford."<ref>Graham, Mark, [http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2012-01-05/kanye-wests-epic-1600-word-twitter-rant-the-complete-text-neatly-organized-for-your-reading-pleasure/ Kanye West's Epic 1600-word Twitter Rant: Neatly Organized for your Reading Pleasure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227074738/http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2012-01-05/kanye-wests-epic-1600-word-twitter-rant-the-complete-text-neatly-organized-for-your-reading-pleasure/ |date=2014-02-27 }}, 5 January 2012, [[VH1]], retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>


The announcement garnered widespread media attention, including coverage by ''[[The Guardian]]'',<ref>Dredge, Stuart, [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2012/jan/06/kanye-west-twitter-apps-donda/ Kanye West's Donda wants to 'pick up where Steve Jobs left off'], 6 January 2012, ''The Guardian'', retrieved 3 August 2015.</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'',<ref>Chaney, Jen, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120115190005/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/kanye-west-and-the-donda-twitter-rant-a-translation/2012/01/05/gIQARGQccP_blog.html Kanye West and the Donda Twitter rant: A translation], 6 January 2012, ''The Washington Post'', retrieved 3 August 2015.</ref> ''[[The Huffington Post]]'',<ref>Staff, [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/05/kanye-west-twitter-rant-donda-new-company-education_n_1185322.html/ Kanye West Twitter Rant: Donda, His New Company, Education & Design Plans], 5 January 2012, ''The Huffington Post'', retrieved 3 August 2015.</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'',<ref>Chai, Barbara, [https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2012/01/05/kanye-west-writes-86-tweet-opus/ Kanye West Writes 86-Tweet Opus], 5 January 2012, ''The Wall Street Journal'', retrieved 3 August 2015.</ref> and ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, which proclaimed the company's announcement the first major [[social media]] moment of 2012.<ref>Carbonne, Nick & Conniff, Kelly, [http://poy.time.com/2012/12/19/the-year-in-social-media/ The Year in Social Media], 19 December 2012, ''Time'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
The announcement garnered widespread media attention, including coverage by ''[[The Guardian]]'',<ref>Dredge, Stuart, [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2012/jan/06/kanye-west-twitter-apps-donda/ Kanye West's Donda wants to 'pick up where Steve Jobs left off'], 6 January 2012, ''The Guardian'', retrieved 3 August 2015.</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'',<ref>Chaney, Jen, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120115190005/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/kanye-west-and-the-donda-twitter-rant-a-translation/2012/01/05/gIQARGQccP_blog.html Kanye West and the Donda Twitter rant: A translation], 6 January 2012, ''The Washington Post'', retrieved 3 August 2015.</ref> ''[[The Huffington Post]]'',<ref>Staff, [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/05/kanye-west-twitter-rant-donda-new-company-education_n_1185322.html/ Kanye West Twitter Rant: Donda, His New Company, Education & Design Plans], 5 January 2012, ''The Huffington Post'', retrieved 3 August 2015.</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'',<ref>Chai, Barbara, [https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2012/01/05/kanye-west-writes-86-tweet-opus/ Kanye West Writes 86-Tweet Opus], 5 January 2012, ''The Wall Street Journal'', retrieved 3 August 2015.</ref> and ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, which proclaimed the company's announcement the first major [[social media]] moment of 2012.<ref>Carbonne, Nick & Conniff, Kelly, [http://poy.time.com/2012/12/19/the-year-in-social-media/ The Year in Social Media], 19 December 2012, ''Time'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
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West was secretive about the company's operations, maintaining neither an official website nor a social media presence.<ref>Hope, Clover, [http://www.vibe.com/2013/08/kanye-west-has-dream-inside-creative-agency-donda/ Kanye West has a Dream: Inside his Creative Agency Donda], 19 August 2013, ''[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Pasori, Cedar, [http://www.complex.com/style/2014/11/how-kanye-wests-creative-company-donda-is-making-its-own-brand-of-cool/ How Kanye West's Creative Company Donda is making its own Brand of Cool], 3 November 2014, ''Complex'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
West was secretive about the company's operations, maintaining neither an official website nor a social media presence.<ref>Hope, Clover, [http://www.vibe.com/2013/08/kanye-west-has-dream-inside-creative-agency-donda/ Kanye West has a Dream: Inside his Creative Agency Donda], 19 August 2013, ''[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Pasori, Cedar, [http://www.complex.com/style/2014/11/how-kanye-wests-creative-company-donda-is-making-its-own-brand-of-cool/ How Kanye West's Creative Company Donda is making its own Brand of Cool], 3 November 2014, ''Complex'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>


In stating Donda's creative philosophy, West articulated the need to "put creatives in a room together with like minds" in order to "simplify and aesthetically improve everything we see, taste, touch, and feel".<ref>Graham, Mark, [http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2012-01-05/kanye-wests-epic-1600-word-twitter-rant-the-complete-text-neatly-organized-for-your-reading-pleasure/ Kanye West's Epic 1600-word Twitter Rant: Neatly Organized for your Reading Pleasure], 5 January 2012, VH1, retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref> Contemporary critics have noted the consistent [[minimalism|minimalistic]] aesthetic exhibited throughout Donda creative projects.<ref>Sargent, Jordan, [http://www.spin.com/2013/11/kanye-west-2-chainz-pusha-t-big-sean-donda-minimalist-design-company/ Donda: Kanye West Goes G.O.O.D. Trill Hunting with His Minimalist Design Company], 13 November 2013, ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Babcock, Gregory, [http://www.complex.com/style/2015/06/rich-wilkerson-jr-donda-book/ Kanye's Stylish Pastor Releases Donda-Designed Book], 23 June 2015, ''Complex'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Lewis, Brittany, [http://globalgrind.com/2014/11/03/donda-created-music-covers-photos-kanye-west-creative-house/ Every Music Cover Kanye West's Creative House Donda Has Created So Far…], 3 November 2014, ''Global Grind'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
In stating Donda's creative philosophy, West articulated the need to "put creatives in a room together with like minds" in order to "simplify and aesthetically improve everything we see, taste, touch, and feel".<ref>Graham, Mark, [http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2012-01-05/kanye-wests-epic-1600-word-twitter-rant-the-complete-text-neatly-organized-for-your-reading-pleasure/ Kanye West's Epic 1600-word Twitter Rant: Neatly Organized for your Reading Pleasure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227074738/http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2012-01-05/kanye-wests-epic-1600-word-twitter-rant-the-complete-text-neatly-organized-for-your-reading-pleasure/ |date=2014-02-27 }}, 5 January 2012, VH1, retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref> Contemporary critics have noted the consistent [[minimalism|minimalistic]] aesthetic exhibited throughout Donda creative projects.<ref>Sargent, Jordan, [http://www.spin.com/2013/11/kanye-west-2-chainz-pusha-t-big-sean-donda-minimalist-design-company/ Donda: Kanye West Goes G.O.O.D. Trill Hunting with His Minimalist Design Company], 13 November 2013, ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Babcock, Gregory, [http://www.complex.com/style/2015/06/rich-wilkerson-jr-donda-book/ Kanye's Stylish Pastor Releases Donda-Designed Book], 23 June 2015, ''Complex'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Lewis, Brittany, [http://globalgrind.com/2014/11/03/donda-created-music-covers-photos-kanye-west-creative-house/ Every Music Cover Kanye West's Creative House Donda Has Created So Far…], 3 November 2014, ''Global Grind'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>


Continuing a trend consistent in previous Kanye West projects,<ref>McQueen, Steve, [http://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/kanye-west#_/ Kanye West], 19 January 2014, ''[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]'', retrieved 5 August 2015.</ref> an additional hallmark of Donda projects has been [[Interdisciplinarity|multi-disciplinary]] collaboration, often featuring prominent contributions from major figures in various creative fields. Prominent examples include painter [[George Condo]], photographer [[Luis Tarin]], video artist/film director [[Steve McQueen (director)|Steve McQueen]], performance artist [[Vanessa Beecroft]], artist Wes Lang, stage designer [[Es Devlin]], audio/visual designer Jadis Mercado, artist/sculptor [[Takashi Murakami]], photographer Jackie Nickerson, fashion designer [[Riccardo Tisci]], and fashion house [[Maison Martin Margiela]].<ref>Alexander, Ella, [http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/11/06/maison-martin-margiela-creates-kanye-west-tour-wardrobe/ Why Margiela Teamed Up With Kanye], 6 November 2013, ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Staff, [http://www.artspace.com/magazine/news_events/newsmaker_kanye_west-51880/ Behind Kanye West's Methodical Conquest of the Art World], 28 November 2013, [[Artspace (website)|Artspace]], retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Saka, Ren & Castro, Vanessa,[http://www.complex.com/style/2013/12/kanye-west-vanessa-beecroft/ 12 Things to Know About Vanessa Beecroft, Kanye West's Visual Art Collaborator], 5 December 2013, ''Complex'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Deleon, Jian, [https://www.gq.com/story/wes-lang-kanye-west-pacsun/ Wes Lang Designed Kanye West's Tour T-Shirts, and Now You Can Buy Them At PacSun], 2013, '[[GQ]]', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
Continuing a trend consistent in previous Kanye West projects,<ref>McQueen, Steve, [http://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/kanye-west#_/ Kanye West], 19 January 2014, ''[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]'', retrieved 5 August 2015.</ref> an additional hallmark of Donda projects has been [[Interdisciplinarity|multi-disciplinary]] collaboration, often featuring prominent contributions from major figures in various creative fields. Prominent examples include painter [[George Condo]], photographer Luis Tarin, video artist/film director [[Steve McQueen (director)|Steve McQueen]], performance artist [[Vanessa Beecroft]], artist Wes Lang, stage designer [[Es Devlin]], audio/visual designer Jadis Mercado, artist/sculptor [[Takashi Murakami]], photographer Jackie Nickerson, fashion designer [[Riccardo Tisci]], and fashion house [[Maison Martin Margiela]].<ref>Alexander, Ella, [http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/11/06/maison-martin-margiela-creates-kanye-west-tour-wardrobe/ Why Margiela Teamed Up With Kanye] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906025207/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/11/06/maison-martin-margiela-creates-kanye-west-tour-wardrobe |date=2015-09-06 }}, 6 November 2013, ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Staff, [http://www.artspace.com/magazine/news_events/newsmaker_kanye_west-51880/ Behind Kanye West's Methodical Conquest of the Art World], 28 November 2013, [[Artspace (website)|Artspace]], retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Saka, Ren & Castro, Vanessa,[http://www.complex.com/style/2013/12/kanye-west-vanessa-beecroft/ 12 Things to Know About Vanessa Beecroft, Kanye West's Visual Art Collaborator], 5 December 2013, ''Complex'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Deleon, Jian, [https://www.gq.com/story/wes-lang-kanye-west-pacsun/ Wes Lang Designed Kanye West's Tour T-Shirts, and Now You Can Buy Them At PacSun], 2013, '[[GQ]]', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref> NFL wide receiver [[Antonio Brown]] is the chair president of the sports fashion line Donda Sports.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Jordan |date=February 7, 2022 |title=Antonio Brown Announces He's President of Ye's Donda Sports, Locks Down $2 Million Super Bowl Suite 'for the Kids' |url=https://www.complex.com/sports/antonio-brown-donda-sports-president |website=Complex}}</ref>


== Projects ==
== Projects ==
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On May 23, 2012, Donda debuted its inaugural creative project, a film entitled ''[[Cruel Summer (film)|Cruel Summer]]'', as part of the [[2012 Cannes Film Festival]]. The film is a seven-screen surround vision experience.
On May 23, 2012, Donda debuted its inaugural creative project, a film entitled ''[[Cruel Summer (film)|Cruel Summer]]'', as part of the [[2012 Cannes Film Festival]]. The film is a seven-screen surround vision experience.


''Cruel Summer'' was shot using a specialized camera rig, which allowed the directors to capture multiple angles simultaneously.<ref>Staff, [http://2x4.org/work/71/Kanye+West+Cruel%26nbsp%3BSummer+Pavilion+/ Kanye West Cruel Summer Pavilion], 2x4, retrieved 9 January 2012.</ref> The film, developed in collaboration with the [[Doha Film Institute]], design firm [[Michael Rock (graphic designer)|2x4]] and architecture firm OMA, was presented in a specially designed theater—christened "Surround Vision"—featuring seven screens which surrounded the audience.<ref>Rosenfeld, Karissa, [http://www.archdaily.com/237841/kanye-wests-seven-screen-pavilion-oma/ Kanye West's seven-screen pavilion / OMA], 24 May 2012, [[ArchDaily]], retrieved 9 January 2012.</ref>
''Cruel Summer'' was shot using a specialized camera rig, which allowed the directors to capture multiple angles simultaneously.<ref>Staff, [http://2x4.org/work/71/Kanye+West+Cruel%26nbsp%3BSummer+Pavilion+/ Kanye West Cruel Summer Pavilion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101152420/http://2x4.org/work/71/Kanye+West+Cruel%26nbsp%3BSummer+Pavilion+/ |date=2013-01-01 }}, 2x4, retrieved 9 January 2012.</ref> The film, developed in collaboration with the [[Doha Film Institute]], design firm [[Michael Rock (graphic designer)|2x4]] and architecture firm OMA, was presented in a specially designed theater — christened "Surround Vision" — featuring seven screens which surrounded the audience.<ref>Rosenfeld, Karissa, [http://www.archdaily.com/237841/kanye-wests-seven-screen-pavilion-oma/ Kanye West's seven-screen pavilion / OMA], 24 May 2012, [[ArchDaily]], retrieved 9 January 2012.</ref>


On March 7, 2015, West debuted a collaborative short film with director [[Steve McQueen (director)|Steve McQueen]] entitled ''All Day/I Feel Like That''.<ref>Malle, Chloe, [http://www.vogue.com/12281149/kanye-west-concert-paris-fashion-week-fondation-louis-vuitton/ West with the Night: Kanye Takes over The Fondation Louis Vuitton], 8 March 2015, ''Vogue'', retrieved 5 August 2015.</ref> The film premiered at the [[Fondation Louis Vuitton]] in Paris, France, followed by its American debut at the [[LACMA|Los Angeles County Museum of Art]] in July 2015.<ref>Williams, Maxwell, [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kanye-west-steve-mcqueen-debut-811126/ Kanye West and Steve McQueen Debut Collaborative 'All Day/I Feel LIke That' Video at LACMA Gathering], 25 July 2015, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', retrieved 5 August 2015.</ref>
On March 7, 2015, West debuted a collaborative short film with director [[Steve McQueen (director)|Steve McQueen]] entitled ''All Day/I Feel Like That''.<ref>Malle, Chloe, [http://www.vogue.com/12281149/kanye-west-concert-paris-fashion-week-fondation-louis-vuitton/ West with the Night: Kanye Takes over The Fondation Louis Vuitton], 8 March 2015, ''Vogue'', retrieved 5 August 2015.</ref> The film premiered at the [[Fondation Louis Vuitton]] in Paris, France, followed by its American debut at the [[LACMA|Los Angeles County Museum of Art]] in July 2015.<ref>Williams, Maxwell, [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kanye-west-steve-mcqueen-debut-811126/ Kanye West and Steve McQueen Debut Collaborative 'All Day/I Feel LIke That' Video at LACMA Gathering], 25 July 2015, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', retrieved 5 August 2015.</ref>
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Donda provided packaging design for the following albums and singles:
Donda provided packaging design for the following albums and singles:


*[[Kanye West]], [[Jay-Z]], "[[Watch the Throne]]", released on August 8, 2011.
*[[Kanye West]], [[Jay-Z]], ''[[Watch the Throne]]'', released on August 8, 2011.
*Kanye West, [[Big Sean]], [[Pusha T]] and [[2 Chainz]], "[[Mercy (GOOD Music song)|Mercy]]", released on April 3, 2012.
*Kanye West, [[Big Sean]], [[Pusha T]] and [[2 Chainz]], "[[Mercy (GOOD Music song)|Mercy]]", released on April 3, 2012.
*Kanye West, [[Chief Keef]], Pusha T, Big Sean and [[Jadakiss]], "[[I Don't Like#GOOD Music remix|I Don't Like (Remix)]]", released on May 1, 2012.
*Kanye West, [[Chief Keef]], Pusha T, Big Sean and [[Jadakiss]], "[[I Don't Like#GOOD Music remix|I Don't Like (Remix)]]", released on May 1, 2012.
*[[Meek Mill]] featuring Big Sean, "[[Burn (Meek Mill song)|Burn]]", released on May 4, 2012.<ref>{{Citation|title = Meek Mill - Burn Feat. Big Sean (Prod. By Jahlil Beats) {{!}} Stream & Listen [New Song]|url = http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/meek-mill-burn-prod-by-jahlil-beats-song.809748.html|access-date = 2015-08-11}}</ref>
*[[Meek Mill]] featuring Big Sean, "[[Burn (Meek Mill song)|Burn]]", released on May 4, 2012.<ref>{{Citation|title = Meek Mill - Burn Feat. Big Sean (Prod. By Jahlil Beats) {{!}} Stream & Listen [New Song]| date=4 May 2012 |url = http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/meek-mill-burn-prod-by-jahlil-beats-song.809748.html|access-date = 2015-08-11}}</ref>
*Pusha T and Kanye West, "[[New God Flow]]", released on July 12, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title = New Music: Kanye West and Pusha T - "New God Flow"|url = http://consequenceofsound.net/2012/07/new-music-kanye-west-and-pusha-t-new-god-flow/|access-date = 2015-08-11}}</ref>
*Pusha T and Kanye West, "[[New God Flow]]", released on July 12, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title = New Music: Kanye West and Pusha T - "New God Flow"| date=2 July 2012 |url = http://consequenceofsound.net/2012/07/new-music-kanye-west-and-pusha-t-new-god-flow/|access-date = 2015-08-11}}</ref>
*2 Chainz, ''[[Based on a T.R.U. Story]]'', released on August 12, 2012<ref>Greenwald, David, [http://www.billboard.com/column/the-juice/2-chainz-enlists-kanye-west-s-donda-for-1007503552.story#/column/the-juice/2-chainz-enlists-kanye-west-s-donda-for-1007503552.story/ 2 Chainz Enlists Kanye West's Donda For Album Art], 5 July 2012, ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', retrieved 9 January 2012.</ref>
*2 Chainz, ''[[Based on a T.R.U. Story]]'', released on August 12, 2012<ref>Greenwald, David, [http://www.billboard.com/column/the-juice/2-chainz-enlists-kanye-west-s-donda-for-1007503552.story#/column/the-juice/2-chainz-enlists-kanye-west-s-donda-for-1007503552.story/ 2 Chainz Enlists Kanye West's Donda For Album Art], 5 July 2012, ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', retrieved 9 January 2012.</ref>
*Kanye West, [[Jay Z]] and [[Big Sean]], "[[Clique (song)|Clique]]", released on September 6, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.joerperez.com/clique/|title=Clique|website=Joe Perez|access-date=2016-06-05}}</ref>
*Kanye West, [[Jay Z]] and [[Big Sean]], "[[Clique (song)|Clique]]", released on September 6, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.joerperez.com/clique/|title=Clique|website=Joe Perez|access-date=2016-06-05}}</ref>
*[[GOOD Music]], ''[[Cruel Summer (GOOD Music album)|Cruel Summer]]'', released on September 14, 2012.<ref>Diep, Eric, [http://www.complex.com/music/2012/08/kanye-west-reveals-cruel-summer-album-art/ Kanye West Reveals "Cruel Summer" Album Art], 2 August 2012, ''Complex'', retrieved 9 January 2012.</ref>
*[[GOOD Music]], ''[[Cruel Summer (GOOD Music album)|Cruel Summer]]'', released on September 14, 2012.<ref>Diep, Eric, [http://www.complex.com/music/2012/08/kanye-west-reveals-cruel-summer-album-art/ Kanye West Reveals "Cruel Summer" Album Art], 2 August 2012, ''Complex'', retrieved 9 January 2012.</ref>
*[[Pusha T]], "Pain", released on October 8, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Listen: Pusha-T Featuring Future: "Pain"|url = http://pitchfork.com/news/48143-listen-pusha-t-featuring-future-pain/|access-date = 2015-08-11}}</ref>
*[[Pusha T]], "Pain", released on October 8, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Listen: Pusha-T Featuring Future: "Pain"| website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] | date=8 October 2012 |url = http://pitchfork.com/news/48143-listen-pusha-t-featuring-future-pain/|access-date = 2015-08-11}}</ref>
* 2 Chainz, "[[I'm Different (2 Chainz song)|I'm Different]]", released on November 8, 2012.
* 2 Chainz, "[[I'm Different (2 Chainz song)|I'm Different]]", released on November 8, 2012.
* [[Pusha T]] featuring [[Popcaan]] and [[Travis Scott (musician)|Travi$ Scott]], "Blocka", released on December 5, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Pusha T featuring Popcaan & Travi$ Scott – Blocka (Produced by Young Chop)|url = http://hypetrak.com/2012/12/pusha-t-featuring-popcaan-travi-scott-blocka-produced-by-young-chop/|website = HYPETRAK|access-date = 2015-08-11}}</ref>
* [[Pusha T]] featuring [[Popcaan]] and [[Travis Scott (musician)|Travi$ Scott]], "Blocka", released on December 5, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Pusha T featuring Popcaan & Travi$ Scott – Blocka (Produced by Young Chop)|url = http://hypetrak.com/2012/12/pusha-t-featuring-popcaan-travi-scott-blocka-produced-by-young-chop/|website = HYPETRAK|access-date = 2015-08-11}}</ref>
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===Print===
===Print===
* ''[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]'' "GOOD Music: New Religion" cover story and article, printed on July 23, 2012.<ref>Callahan-Bever, Noah, [http://www.complex.com/music/2012/07/good-music-cover-story/ G.O.O.D. Music: New Religion], 23 July 2012, ''Complex'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
* ''[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]'' "GOOD Music: New Religion" cover story and article, printed on July 23, 2012.<ref>Callahan-Bever, Noah, [http://www.complex.com/music/2012/07/good-music-cover-story/ G.O.O.D. Music: New Religion], 23 July 2012, ''Complex'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
* Kanye West and [[Adidas Originals]] - Season One zine. Photography by Jackie Nickerson. Released on March 11, 2015.
* Kanye West and [[Adidas Originals]] — Season One zine. Photography by Jackie Nickerson. Released on March 11, 2015.
* [[Kim Kardashian West]] - ''[[Selfish (book)|Selfish]]'' - published on May 5, 2015.<ref>Fox, T.S., [http://hypebeast.com/2015/1/kim-kardashian-unveils-the-cover-of-her-selfie-book-selfish/ G.O.O.D. Music: New Religion], 20 January 2015, ''Hypebeast'', retrieved 5 August 2015.</ref>
* [[Kim Kardashian West]] — ''[[Selfish (book)|Selfish]]'' — published on May 5, 2015.<ref>Fox, T.S., [http://hypebeast.com/2015/1/kim-kardashian-unveils-the-cover-of-her-selfie-book-selfish/ G.O.O.D. Music: New Religion], 20 January 2015, ''Hypebeast'', retrieved 5 August 2015.</ref>
* [[Rich Wilkerson Jr.]], ''Sandcastle Kings: Meeting Jesus in a Spiritually Bankrupt World'' cover art, published on November 10, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title = News: Rich Wilkerson Jr. Releases Debut Book, Sandcastle Kings - The Gospel Music Association|url = http://www.gospelmusic.org/news-rich-wilkerson-jr-releases-debut-book-sandcastle-kings/|access-date = 2015-08-08}}</ref>
* [[Rich Wilkerson Jr.]], ''Sandcastle Kings: Meeting Jesus in a Spiritually Bankrupt World'' cover art, published on November 10, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title = News: Rich Wilkerson Jr. Releases Debut Book, Sandcastle Kings - The Gospel Music Association| date=24 June 2015 |url = http://www.gospelmusic.org/news-rich-wilkerson-jr-releases-debut-book-sandcastle-kings/|access-date = 2015-08-08}}</ref>


===Stage design===
===Stage design===
* Kanye West - "Surround Vision" Concert, debuted at [[Revel Atlantic City]] on December 28, 2012.
* Kanye West — "Surround Vision" Concert, debuted at [[Revel Atlantic City]] on December 28, 2012.
* Kanye West - [[The Yeezus Tour]], debuted at [[Key Arena]], Seattle, WA on October 19, 2013.
* Kanye West — [[The Yeezus Tour]], debuted at [[Key Arena]], Seattle, WA on October 19, 2013.
* Kanye West - "[[All Day (Kanye West song)|All Day]]", debuted at the [[Brit Awards]], February 25, 2015.
* Kanye West — "[[All Day (Kanye West song)|All Day]]", debuted at the [[Brit Awards]], February 25, 2015.
* Kanye West - "Surround Vision" benefit concert, debuted at [[Fondation Louis Vuitton]] on March 6, 2015.
* Kanye West — "Surround Vision" benefit concert, debuted at [[Fondation Louis Vuitton]] on March 6, 2015.
[[File:New Slaves projection.jpg|thumb|The video for West's "[[New Slaves]]" was projected using [[guerilla marketing|guerrilla methods]] on over 60 buildings worldwide. |251x251px]]
[[File:New Slaves projection.jpg|thumb|The video for West's "[[New Slaves]]" was projected using [[guerilla marketing|guerrilla methods]] on over 60 buildings worldwide. |251x251px]]


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* Worldwide "[[New Slaves]]" guerrilla projection campaign.<ref>Schwarz, Hunter, [https://www.buzzfeed.com/hunterschwarz/kanye-west-projected-new-slaves-and-a-video-with-scott-disic#.eeWVqBMvzn/ Kanye West Projected "New Slaves" And A Video With Scott Disick Onto The Sides Of Buildings Last Night], 16 June 2013, [[BuzzFeed]], retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
* Worldwide "[[New Slaves]]" guerrilla projection campaign.<ref>Schwarz, Hunter, [https://www.buzzfeed.com/hunterschwarz/kanye-west-projected-new-slaves-and-a-video-with-scott-disic#.eeWVqBMvzn/ Kanye West Projected "New Slaves" And A Video With Scott Disick Onto The Sides Of Buildings Last Night], 16 June 2013, [[BuzzFeed]], retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
* ''Yeezus'' "Please Add Graffiti" advertising project.<ref>Green, Mark Anthony, [https://www.gq.com/gallery/kanye-west-gets-new-creative-direction#slide=1/ Kanye West Gets New Creative Direction], May 2013, ''[[GQ]]'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
* ''Yeezus'' "Please Add Graffiti" advertising project.<ref>Green, Mark Anthony, [https://www.gq.com/gallery/kanye-west-gets-new-creative-direction#slide=1/ Kanye West Gets New Creative Direction], May 2013, ''[[GQ]]'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
* ''[[American Psycho (film)|American Psycho]]'' homage short film, starring [[Scott Disick]] and [[Jonathan Cheban]]. Released June 17, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Watch Kanye West's ''American Psycho''-Themed Short Film Starring Scott Disick and Jonathan Cheban|url = http://pitchfork.com/news/51122-watch-kanye-wests-american-psycho-themed-tk-video-starring-scott-disick-and-jonathan-cheban/|access-date = 2015-08-08}}</ref>
* ''[[American Psycho (film)|American Psycho]]'' homage short film, starring [[Scott Disick]] and [[Jonathan Cheban]]. Released June 17, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Watch Kanye West's ''American Psycho''-Themed Short Film Starring Scott Disick and Jonathan Cheban| website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |url = http://pitchfork.com/news/51122-watch-kanye-wests-american-psycho-themed-tk-video-starring-scott-disick-and-jonathan-cheban/|access-date = 2015-08-08}}</ref>
* "[[The Canyons (film)|The Canyons]]" trailer remix, released August 2, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Watch Kanye West's Remixed Canyons Trailer|url = http://www.vulture.com/2013/08/watch-kanye-wests-remixed-canyons-trailer.html|website = Vulture|access-date = 2015-08-08}}</ref>
* "[[The Canyons (film)|The Canyons]]" trailer remix, released August 2, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Watch Kanye West's Remixed Canyons Trailer|url = http://www.vulture.com/2013/08/watch-kanye-wests-remixed-canyons-trailer.html|website = Vulture| date=2 August 2013 |access-date = 2015-08-08}}</ref>
* Kanye West and Adidas Originals - Season One rollout & invitation campaign. February 13, 2015.<ref>Li, Arby, [http://hypebeast.com/2015/2/the-kanye-west-for-adidas-yeezy-season-1-anorak/ The Kanye West for adidas Yeezy Season 1 Anorak], 12 February 2015, ''Hypebeast'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Marcus, Ezra, [http://radio.com/2015/02/11/kanye-west-new-york-fashion-week-yeezys/ Kanye West Sends Out Mysterious New York Fashion Week Invites] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802021141/http://radio.com/2015/02/11/kanye-west-new-york-fashion-week-yeezys/ |date=2015-08-02 }}, 11 February 2012, [[Radio.com]], retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>
* Kanye West and Adidas Originals — Season One rollout & invitation campaign. February 13, 2015.<ref>Li, Arby, [http://hypebeast.com/2015/2/the-kanye-west-for-adidas-yeezy-season-1-anorak/ The Kanye West for adidas Yeezy Season 1 Anorak], 12 February 2015, ''Hypebeast'', retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref><ref>Marcus, Ezra, [http://radio.com/2015/02/11/kanye-west-new-york-fashion-week-yeezys/ Kanye West Sends Out Mysterious New York Fashion Week Invites] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802021141/http://radio.com/2015/02/11/kanye-west-new-york-fashion-week-yeezys/ |date=2015-08-02 }}, 11 February 2012, [[Radio.com]], retrieved 4 August 2015.</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 11:14, 28 May 2024

"DONDA" redirects here. For other uses of Donda, see Donda (disambiguation).
Donda
Founded2012; 12 years ago (2012) in USA
FounderKanye West
Key people
Virgil Abloh
ProductsFilms, music videos
BrandsDonda Sports

Donda (styled in all caps) is a creative content company founded by American rapper and fashion designer Kanye West (Ye).[1] The company was named after West's mother, Donda West, and shares the name with his tenth studio album, released in 2021.

History

[edit]

West announced the company on January 5, 2012, via a series of Twitter posts.[2]

In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would "pick up where Steve Jobs left off"; Donda would operate as "a design company which will galvanize amazing thinkers in a creative space to bounce their dreams and ideas" with the "goal to make products and experiences that people want and can afford."[3]

The announcement garnered widespread media attention, including coverage by The Guardian,[4] The Washington Post,[5] The Huffington Post,[6] The Wall Street Journal,[7] and Time magazine, which proclaimed the company's announcement the first major social media moment of 2012.[8]

Culture

[edit]

West was secretive about the company's operations, maintaining neither an official website nor a social media presence.[9][10]

In stating Donda's creative philosophy, West articulated the need to "put creatives in a room together with like minds" in order to "simplify and aesthetically improve everything we see, taste, touch, and feel".[11] Contemporary critics have noted the consistent minimalistic aesthetic exhibited throughout Donda creative projects.[12][13][14]

Continuing a trend consistent in previous Kanye West projects,[15] an additional hallmark of Donda projects has been multi-disciplinary collaboration, often featuring prominent contributions from major figures in various creative fields. Prominent examples include painter George Condo, photographer Luis Tarin, video artist/film director Steve McQueen, performance artist Vanessa Beecroft, artist Wes Lang, stage designer Es Devlin, audio/visual designer Jadis Mercado, artist/sculptor Takashi Murakami, photographer Jackie Nickerson, fashion designer Riccardo Tisci, and fashion house Maison Martin Margiela.[16][17][18][19] NFL wide receiver Antonio Brown is the chair president of the sports fashion line Donda Sports.[20]

Projects

[edit]

Film

[edit]

On May 23, 2012, Donda debuted its inaugural creative project, a film entitled Cruel Summer, as part of the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. The film is a seven-screen surround vision experience.

Cruel Summer was shot using a specialized camera rig, which allowed the directors to capture multiple angles simultaneously.[21] The film, developed in collaboration with the Doha Film Institute, design firm 2x4 and architecture firm OMA, was presented in a specially designed theater — christened "Surround Vision" — featuring seven screens which surrounded the audience.[22]

On March 7, 2015, West debuted a collaborative short film with director Steve McQueen entitled All Day/I Feel Like That.[23] The film premiered at the Fondation Louis Vuitton in Paris, France, followed by its American debut at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in July 2015.[24]

Album/singles art

[edit]

Donda provided packaging design for the following albums and singles:

Music videos

[edit]

Print

[edit]
  • Complex "GOOD Music: New Religion" cover story and article, printed on July 23, 2012.[34]
  • Kanye West and Adidas Originals — Season One zine. Photography by Jackie Nickerson. Released on March 11, 2015.
  • Kim Kardashian West — Selfish — published on May 5, 2015.[35]
  • Rich Wilkerson Jr., Sandcastle Kings: Meeting Jesus in a Spiritually Bankrupt World cover art, published on November 10, 2015.[36]

Stage design

[edit]
The video for West's "New Slaves" was projected using guerrilla methods on over 60 buildings worldwide.

Marketing

[edit]

Prominent marketing projects include:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Destefano, Mike (January 16, 2020). "Joe Perez Spent Eight Years Working for Kanye West and Now He's Revealing His Donda Archive. Here's Why". Complex. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  2. ^ Osei, Anthony (January 5, 2012). "Kanye West Announces Creative Company Donda". Complex. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
  3. ^ Graham, Mark, Kanye West's Epic 1600-word Twitter Rant: Neatly Organized for your Reading Pleasure Archived 2014-02-27 at the Wayback Machine, 5 January 2012, VH1, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  4. ^ Dredge, Stuart, Kanye West's Donda wants to 'pick up where Steve Jobs left off', 6 January 2012, The Guardian, retrieved 3 August 2015.
  5. ^ Chaney, Jen, Kanye West and the Donda Twitter rant: A translation, 6 January 2012, The Washington Post, retrieved 3 August 2015.
  6. ^ Staff, Kanye West Twitter Rant: Donda, His New Company, Education & Design Plans, 5 January 2012, The Huffington Post, retrieved 3 August 2015.
  7. ^ Chai, Barbara, Kanye West Writes 86-Tweet Opus, 5 January 2012, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved 3 August 2015.
  8. ^ Carbonne, Nick & Conniff, Kelly, The Year in Social Media, 19 December 2012, Time, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  9. ^ Hope, Clover, Kanye West has a Dream: Inside his Creative Agency Donda, 19 August 2013, Vibe, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  10. ^ Pasori, Cedar, How Kanye West's Creative Company Donda is making its own Brand of Cool, 3 November 2014, Complex, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  11. ^ Graham, Mark, Kanye West's Epic 1600-word Twitter Rant: Neatly Organized for your Reading Pleasure Archived 2014-02-27 at the Wayback Machine, 5 January 2012, VH1, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  12. ^ Sargent, Jordan, Donda: Kanye West Goes G.O.O.D. Trill Hunting with His Minimalist Design Company, 13 November 2013, Spin, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  13. ^ Babcock, Gregory, Kanye's Stylish Pastor Releases Donda-Designed Book, 23 June 2015, Complex, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  14. ^ Lewis, Brittany, Every Music Cover Kanye West's Creative House Donda Has Created So Far…, 3 November 2014, Global Grind, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  15. ^ McQueen, Steve, Kanye West, 19 January 2014, Interview, retrieved 5 August 2015.
  16. ^ Alexander, Ella, Why Margiela Teamed Up With Kanye Archived 2015-09-06 at the Wayback Machine, 6 November 2013, Vogue, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  17. ^ Staff, Behind Kanye West's Methodical Conquest of the Art World, 28 November 2013, Artspace, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  18. ^ Saka, Ren & Castro, Vanessa,12 Things to Know About Vanessa Beecroft, Kanye West's Visual Art Collaborator, 5 December 2013, Complex, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  19. ^ Deleon, Jian, Wes Lang Designed Kanye West's Tour T-Shirts, and Now You Can Buy Them At PacSun, 2013, 'GQ', retrieved 4 August 2015.
  20. ^ Rose, Jordan (February 7, 2022). "Antonio Brown Announces He's President of Ye's Donda Sports, Locks Down $2 Million Super Bowl Suite 'for the Kids'". Complex.
  21. ^ Staff, Kanye West Cruel Summer Pavilion Archived 2013-01-01 at the Wayback Machine, 2x4, retrieved 9 January 2012.
  22. ^ Rosenfeld, Karissa, Kanye West's seven-screen pavilion / OMA, 24 May 2012, ArchDaily, retrieved 9 January 2012.
  23. ^ Malle, Chloe, West with the Night: Kanye Takes over The Fondation Louis Vuitton, 8 March 2015, Vogue, retrieved 5 August 2015.
  24. ^ Williams, Maxwell, Kanye West and Steve McQueen Debut Collaborative 'All Day/I Feel LIke That' Video at LACMA Gathering, 25 July 2015, The Hollywood Reporter, retrieved 5 August 2015.
  25. ^ Meek Mill - Burn Feat. Big Sean (Prod. By Jahlil Beats) | Stream & Listen [New Song], 4 May 2012, retrieved 2015-08-11
  26. ^ "New Music: Kanye West and Pusha T - "New God Flow"". 2 July 2012. Retrieved 2015-08-11.
  27. ^ Greenwald, David, 2 Chainz Enlists Kanye West's Donda For Album Art, 5 July 2012, Billboard, retrieved 9 January 2012.
  28. ^ "Clique". Joe Perez. Retrieved 2016-06-05.
  29. ^ Diep, Eric, Kanye West Reveals "Cruel Summer" Album Art, 2 August 2012, Complex, retrieved 9 January 2012.
  30. ^ "Listen: Pusha-T Featuring Future: "Pain"". Pitchfork. 8 October 2012. Retrieved 2015-08-11.
  31. ^ "Pusha T featuring Popcaan & Travi$ Scott – Blocka (Produced by Young Chop)". HYPETRAK. Retrieved 2015-08-11.
  32. ^ Strong, Nolan, Kanye West's Company Donda Designs Artwork For Lil Wayne Album, 30 January 2013, AllHipHop, retrieved 31 January 2013.
  33. ^ "Video: Big Sean f/ Lil Wayne & Jhené Aiko – 'Beware'". Rap-Up. 2010-10-18. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
  34. ^ Callahan-Bever, Noah, G.O.O.D. Music: New Religion, 23 July 2012, Complex, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  35. ^ Fox, T.S., G.O.O.D. Music: New Religion, 20 January 2015, Hypebeast, retrieved 5 August 2015.
  36. ^ "News: Rich Wilkerson Jr. Releases Debut Book, Sandcastle Kings - The Gospel Music Association". 24 June 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-08.
  37. ^ Schwarz, Hunter, Kanye West Projected "New Slaves" And A Video With Scott Disick Onto The Sides Of Buildings Last Night, 16 June 2013, BuzzFeed, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  38. ^ Green, Mark Anthony, Kanye West Gets New Creative Direction, May 2013, GQ, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  39. ^ "Watch Kanye West's American Psycho-Themed Short Film Starring Scott Disick and Jonathan Cheban". Pitchfork. Retrieved 2015-08-08.
  40. ^ "Watch Kanye West's Remixed Canyons Trailer". Vulture. 2 August 2013. Retrieved 2015-08-08.
  41. ^ Li, Arby, The Kanye West for adidas Yeezy Season 1 Anorak, 12 February 2015, Hypebeast, retrieved 4 August 2015.
  42. ^ Marcus, Ezra, Kanye West Sends Out Mysterious New York Fashion Week Invites Archived 2015-08-02 at the Wayback Machine, 11 February 2012, Radio.com, retrieved 4 August 2015.
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