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The Istaby Runestone, listed in the Rundata catalog as DR 359, is a runestone with an inscription in Proto-Norse which was raised in Istaby, Blekinge, Sweden, during the Vendel era (c. 550–790).

Inscription

AP

Afatz

Aftr

hAriwulafa

Hariwulfa.

¶

hAþuwulafz

Haþuwulfz

hAeruwulafiz

Heruwulfiz

In memory of Hariwulfar. Haþuwulfar, Heruwulfar's son,

AQ

hAþuwulafz

Haþuwulfz

hAeruwulafiz

Heruwulfiz

¶

Afatz

aftr

hAriwulafa

Hariwulfa

Haþuwulf(a)r, Heruwulfar's son, in memory of Hariwulfar

B

warAit

wrait

runAz

runaz

þAiAz

þaiaz.

wrote these runes.^[1]

Interpretation

The Istaby, Stentoften Runestone and Gummarp Runestone inscriptions can be identified with the same clan through the names that are mentioned on them.^[2] The names have alliterative first name element combined with a lycophoric second element that represent an aristocratic naming tradition common among chieftains.^[3] The Björketorp Runestone lacks names and is raised some tens of kilometers from the others. However, it is beyond doubt that the Björketorp runestone is connected to them, because in addition to the special runic forms, the same message is given on the Stentoften Runestone. Of these, on stylistics grounds, the Istaby runestone may be the oldest.^[2]

The name Hariwulfa is a combination of hari meaning "warrior" and wulfaz "wolf," while the haþu of Haþuwulfz means "battle" and the heru of Heruwulfar, when combined in personal names, means "sword."^[4] The latter name also has a suffix indicating paternal descent, so the name Heruwulfar in full means "of the family of Sword-Wolf."^[3] A shortened form of the name Hariwulfa survived into the Viking Age and is attested in the inscription on the Hærulf Runestone.^[3] It has been suggested that the assignment of such lycophoric names is related to ritualistic practices and religious wolf-symbolism used in the initiation of young warriors.^[5]

The Istaby runestone is currently located at the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm. The stone has a Danish Rundata catalog number as Blekinge was part of the historic Denmark.

References

^ Projektet Samnordisk runtextdatabas - Rundata entry for DR 359.
^ ^a ^b Looijenga (2003:188).
^ ^a ^b ^c Sundqvist & Hultgård (2004:584-85).
^ Looijenga (2003:181).
^ Gräslund (2006:125).

Sources

Gräslund, Anne-Sofie (2006). "Wolves, Serpents and Birds: Their Symbolic Meaning in Old Norse Belief". In Andrén, Anders; Jennbert, Kristina; et al. (eds.). Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes, and Interactions. Lund: Nordic Academic Press. pp. 124–129. ISBN 91-89116-81-X.
Jacobsen, Lis & Moltke, Erik: Danmarks Runeindskrifter. 3rd tome. 1941.
Looijenga, Tineke (2003). Texts & Contexts of the Oldest Runic Inscriptions. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. ISBN 90-04-12396-2.
Sundqvist, Olof; Hultgård, Anders (2004). "The Lycophoric Names of the 6th to 7th Century Blekinge Runestones and the Problem of Their Ideological Background". In van Nahl, Astrid; Elmevik, Lennart et seq. (eds.). Namenwelten: Orts- und Personennamen in Historischer Sicht. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 583–602. ISBN 3-11-018108-8.

External links

Photograph of stone in 1999 - Swedish National Heritage Board

[rundata-1] Projektet Samnordisk runtextdatabas - Rundata entry for DR 359.

[Loo188-2] Looijenga (2003:188).

[Sundqvist-3] Sundqvist & Hultgård (2004:584-85).

[4] Looijenga (2003:181).

[5] Gräslund (2006:125).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Image:Dr359 Istaby, Istabystenen - KMB - 16000300013393.jpg|thumb|right|Istaby Runestone, side A]]
+[[File:Istabystenen - Historiska museet - DIG 61029.jpg|thumb|right|Istaby Runestone, side A]]
 [[File:Istaby.jpg|thumb|right|Istaby Runestone, side B]]
-The '''Istaby Runestone''', listed in the [[Rundata]] catalog as '''DR 359''', is a [[runestone]] with an inscription in [[Proto-Norse]] which was raised in  Istaby, [[Blekinge]], [[Sweden]], during the [[Vendel era]] (c. 550-790).
+The '''Istaby Runestone''', listed in the [[Rundata]] catalog as '''DR 359''', is a [[runestone]] with an inscription in [[Proto-Norse]] which was raised in  Istaby, [[Blekinge]], [[Sweden]], during the [[Vendel era]] ({{Circa|550}}–790).
 ==Inscription==
+{{fs interlinear |lang=gmq |number=AP |class1=bold
-===Transliteration into Latin characters===
-:AP '''Afatz hAriwulafa ¶ hAþuwulafz hAeruwulafiz'''
+|Afatz hAriwulafa ¶ hAþuwulafz hAeruwulafiz
+|Aftr Hariwulfa. {} Haþuwulfz Heruwulfiz
-:AQ '''hAþuwulafz hAeruwulafiz ¶ Afatz hAriwulafa'''
+|In memory of Hariwulfar. Haþuwulfar, Heruwulfar's son,
-:B '''warAit runAz þAiAz'''<ref name="rundata">[http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm Projektet Samnordisk runtextdatabas] - [[Rundata]] entry for DR 359.</ref>
+}}
+{{fs interlinear |lang=gmq |number=AQ |class1=bold
-===Transcription into Proto-Norse===
+|hAþuwulafz hAeruwulafiz ¶ Afatz hAriwulafa
-:AP Aftr Hariwulfa. Haþuwulfz Heruwulfiz
-:AQ Haþuwulfz Heruwulfiz aftr Hariwulfa
+|Haþuwulfz Heruwulfiz {} aftr Hariwulfa
+|Haþuwulf(a)r, Heruwulfar's son, in memory of Hariwulfar
-:B wrait runaz þaiaz.<ref name="rundata"/>
+}}
+{{fs interlinear |lang=gmq |number=B |class1=bold
-===English translation===
+|warAit runAz þAiAz
-:AP In memory of Hariwulfar. Haþuwulfar, Heruwulfar's son,
+|wrait runaz þaiaz.
-:AQ Haþuwulf(a)r, Heruwulfar's son, in memory of Hariwulfar
-:B wrote these runes.<ref name="rundata"/>
+|wrote these runes.<ref name="rundata">[http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm Projektet Samnordisk runtextdatabas] - [[Rundata]] entry for DR 359.</ref>
+}}
 ==Interpretation==
 The Istaby, [[Stentoften Runestone]] and [[Gummarp Runestone]] inscriptions can be identified with the same clan through the names that are mentioned on them.<ref name="Loo188">Looijenga (2003:188).</ref> The names have [[Alliteration|alliterative]] first name element combined with a lycophoric second element that represent an aristocratic naming tradition common among chieftains.<ref name="Sundqvist">Sundqvist & Hultgård (2004:584-85).</ref> The [[Björketorp Runestone]] lacks names and is raised some tens of kilometers from the others. However, it is beyond doubt that the Björketorp runestone is connected to them, because in addition to the special runic forms, the same message is given on the Stentoften Runestone. Of these, on stylistics grounds, the Istaby runestone may be the oldest.<ref name="Loo188"/>
-The name ''Hariwulfa'' is a combination of ''hari'' meaning "warrior" and ''wulafa'' "wolf," while the ''haþu'' of ''Haþuwulfz'' means "battle" and the ''heru'' of Heruwulfar, when combined in personal names, means "sword."<ref>Looijenga (2003:181).</ref> The latter name also has a suffix indicating paternal descent, so the name Heruwulfar in full means "of the family of Sword-Wolf."<ref name="Sundqvist"/> A shortened form of the name Hariwulfa survived into the [[Viking Age]] and is attested in the inscription on the [[Hærulf Runestone]].<ref name="Sundqvist"/> It has been suggested that the assignment of such lycophoric names is related to ritualistic practices and religious wolf-symbolism used in the initiation of young warriors.<ref>Gräslund (2006:125).</ref>
+The name ''Hariwulfa'' is a combination of ''hari'' meaning "warrior" and ''wulfaz'' "wolf," while the ''haþu'' of ''Haþuwulfz'' means "battle" and the ''heru'' of Heruwulfar, when combined in personal names, means "sword."<ref>Looijenga (2003:181).</ref> The latter name also has a suffix indicating paternal descent, so the name Heruwulfar in full means "of the family of Sword-Wolf."<ref name="Sundqvist"/> A shortened form of the name Hariwulfa survived into the [[Viking Age]] and is attested in the inscription on the [[Hærulf Runestone]].<ref name="Sundqvist"/> It has been suggested that the assignment of such lycophoric names is related to ritualistic practices and religious wolf-symbolism used in the initiation of young warriors.<ref>Gräslund (2006:125).</ref>
 The Istaby runestone is currently located at the [[Swedish Museum of National Antiquities]] in [[Stockholm]]. The stone has a Danish Rundata catalog number as Blekinge was part of the historic Denmark.
+==See also==
+*[[List of runestones]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 31: / Line 35: @@
 ==Sources==
-*{{Cite book |last=Gräslund |first=Anne-Sofie |authorlink= |editor-last=Andrén |editor-first=Anders |editor2-last=Jennbert |editor2-first=Kristina|contribution=Wolves, Serpents and Birds: Their Symbolic Meaning in Old Norse Belief |title=Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes, and Interactions |publisher=Nordic Academic Press |year=2006 |location=Lund |pages=124–129 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gjq6rvoIRpAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false |doi= |id= |isbn=91-89116-81-X|display-editors=etal}}
+*{{Cite book |last=Gräslund |first=Anne-Sofie |editor-last=Andrén |editor-first=Anders |editor2-last=Jennbert |editor2-first=Kristina|contribution=Wolves, Serpents and Birds: Their Symbolic Meaning in Old Norse Belief |title=Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes, and Interactions |publisher=Nordic Academic Press |year=2006 |location=Lund |pages=124–129 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gjq6rvoIRpAC |isbn=91-89116-81-X|display-editors=etal}}
 *Jacobsen, Lis & [[Erik Moltke|Moltke, Erik]]: ''Danmarks Runeindskrifter''. 3rd tome. 1941.
-*{{Cite book |last=Looijenga |first=Tineke |authorlink= |title=Texts & Contexts of the Oldest Runic Inscriptions |publisher=Koninklijke Brill NV |year=2003 |location=Leiden |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-edm1fMPbXwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false |doi= |id= |isbn =90-04-12396-2}}
+*{{Cite book |last=Looijenga |first=Tineke |title=Texts & Contexts of the Oldest Runic Inscriptions |publisher=Koninklijke Brill NV |year=2003 |location=Leiden |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-edm1fMPbXwC |isbn =90-04-12396-2}}
-*{{Cite book |last=Sundqvist |first=Olof |authorlink= |last2=Hultgård |first2=Anders |author2-link= |editor-last=van Nahl |editor-first=Astrid |editor2-last=Elmevik |editor2-first=Lennart et seq. |contribution=The Lycophoric Names of the 6th to 7th Century Blekinge Runestones and the Problem of Their Ideological Background |title=Namenwelten: Orts- und Personennamen in Historischer Sicht |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2004 |location=Berlin |pages=583–602 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VShM6kAU_4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=3-11-018108-8}}
+*{{Cite book |last1=Sundqvist |first1=Olof |last2=Hultgård |first2=Anders |editor-last=van Nahl |editor-first=Astrid |editor2-last=Elmevik |editor2-first=Lennart et seq. |contribution=The Lycophoric Names of the 6th to 7th Century Blekinge Runestones and the Problem of Their Ideological Background |title=Namenwelten: Orts- und Personennamen in Historischer Sicht |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2004 |location=Berlin |pages=583–602 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VShM6kAU_4C |isbn=3-11-018108-8}}
 ==External links==
 *[http://www.kms.raa.se/cocoon/bild/show-image.html?id=16000300021956 Photograph of stone in 1999] - [[Swedish National Heritage Board]]
-[[Category:6th-century works]]
+[[Category:6th-century inscriptions]]
-[[Category:7th-century works]]
+[[Category:7th-century inscriptions]]
 [[Category:8th-century inscriptions]]
 [[Category:Haþuwulf's runestones]]
 [[Category:Proto-Norse language]]
 [[Category:Runestones in Blekinge]]
+[[Category:Elder Futhark inscriptions]]
+[[Category:Vendel Period]]
+[[Category:Collection of the Swedish History Museum]]