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{{Infobox military person
⚫
'''John W. Frederick, Jr.''' (December 13, 1923 – on or about July 19, 1972) was a [[United States Marine Corps]] [[Chief warrant officer|Chief Warrant Officer]] and veteran of four wars who died in captivity as a [[U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War|prisoner of war]] during the [[Vietnam War]].
| name = John W. Frederick Jr.
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1923|12|13}}
| birth_place = [[Manito, Illinois]], U.S
| death_date = {{death date and age|1972|07|19|1923|12|13}}
| death_place = [[Hanoi]], [[North Vietnam]]
| placeofburial =
| allegiance = United States
| branch = [[United States Marine Corps]]
| serviceyears = 1942–1972
| rank = [[Chief Warrant Officer]]
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = [[World War II]]<br/>[[Korean War]]<br/>[[Vietnam War]]
| awards = [[Navy Cross]]<br/>[[Silver Star]]<br/>[[Legion of Merit]] (2)<br/>[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]<br/>[[Bronze Star Medal]]
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}
⚫
'''John W. Frederick Jr.''' (December 13, 1923 – on or about July 19, 1972) was a [[United States Marine Corps]] [[chief warrant officer]] and veteran of three wars who died in captivity as a [[U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War|prisoner of war]] during the [[Vietnam War]].


==Biography==
==Early life==
John Frederick was born on December 13, 1923, in [[Manito, Illinois]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=https://www.pownetwork.org/bios/f/f053.htm|title=Bio: Frederick, John William Jr. |publisher=POW Network}}</ref>
John Frederick was born on December 13, 1923, in [[Manito, Illinois]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=https://www.pownetwork.org/bios/f/f053.htm|title=Bio: Frederick, John William Jr. |publisher=POW Network}}</ref>


===World War II===
==Military career==
===World War II to Korea===
Frederick enlisted in the [[U.S. Marine Corps]] on May 7, 1942, and was trained as a tail gunner on carrier-based bomber aircraft. He flew 40 combat missions as a tail gunner and radar operator on [[Grumman TBF Avenger]] torpedo bombers.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 3, 2023|url=https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/102/HJR/PDF/10200HJ0037lv.pdf|title=House Joint Resolution HJ0037, Illinois General Assembly |publisher=Illinois General Assembly}}</ref> Frederick served in the Pacific Theater for the duration of the war.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=http://veterantributes.org/TributeDetail.php?recordID=215|title=John W. Frederick, Jr. |publisher=Veteran Tributes}}</ref>
Frederick enlisted in the [[United States Marine Corps]] on May 7, 1942, and was trained as a tail gunner on carrier-based bomber aircraft. He flew 40 combat missions as a tail gunner and radar operator on [[Grumman TBF Avenger]] torpedo bombers.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 3, 2023|url=https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/102/HJR/PDF/10200HJ0037lv.pdf|title=House Joint Resolution HJ0037, Illinois General Assembly |publisher=Illinois General Assembly}}</ref> Frederick served in the [[Pacific War|Pacific Theater]] for the duration of the war.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=http://veterantributes.org/TributeDetail.php?recordID=215|title=John W. Frederick, Jr. |publisher=Veteran Tributes}}</ref>


⚫
Following World War II, Frederick served with a contingent of U.S. Marines in China known as "[[China Marines]]", sent to occupy northern China from 1945 to 1948 prior to the fall of [[Chiang Kai-shek]] in the [[Chinese Civil War]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=http://veterantributes.org/TributeDetail.php?recordID=215|title=John W. Frederick, Jr. |publisher=Veteran Tributes}}</ref> During the [[Korean War]], Frederick flew in combat as a radar operator in the backseat of a [[Grumman F7F Tigercat]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=https://vvmf.wordpress.com/2017/08/24/remembering-marine-veteran-whose-30-year-military-career-ended-as-a-pow-in-vietnam/|title=Remembering Marine Veteran Whose 30-year Military Career Ended as a POW in Vietnam|date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund}}</ref>
===China===
Following World War II, Frederick served with a contingent of U.S. Marines in [[China]] known as “[[China Marines]]” sent to occupy northern China from 1945 to 1948 prior to the fall of [[Chiang Kai-shek]] in the [[Chinese Civil War]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=http://veterantributes.org/TributeDetail.php?recordID=215|title=John W. Frederick, Jr. |publisher=Veteran Tributes}}</ref>

===Korean War===
⚫
During the [[Korean War]] Frederick flew in combat as a radar operator in the backseat of a [[Grumman F7F Tigercat]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=https://vvmf.wordpress.com/2017/08/24/remembering-marine-veteran-whose-30-year-military-career-ended-as-a-pow-in-vietnam/|title=Remembering Marine Veteran Whose 30-year Military Career Ended as a POW in Vietnam|publisher=Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund}}</ref>


===Vietnam War===
===Vietnam War===
{{further information|Vietnam War}}
Chief Warrant Officer 4 Frederick (called "Freddie" by his POW contemporaries) was shot down over [[North Vietnam]] on December 7, 1965, while serving as a radar intercept officer in an [[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II|F-4]] fighter aircraft.<ref>John G. Hubbell. (1976). ''P.O.W.: A Definitive History of the American Prisoner-Of-War Experience in Vietnam, 1964–1973''. New York: Reader's Digest Press, pp. 171.</ref> The pilot of the aircraft, Major John H. Dunn, was also captured.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 3, 2023|url=https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/102/HJR/PDF/10200HJ0037lv.pdf|title=House Joint Resolution HJ0037, Illinois General Assembly |publisher=Illinois General Assembly}}</ref> Frederick's hands and forearms were badly burned before ejecting, and after capture without proper medical attention his fingers grew together in the healing process.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diy7xmYBZSE&t=973s|title=Marine Corps Birthday – National Cathedral – November 7, 1999 - Gen. Charles G. Boyd |publisher=POW Network}}</ref>
Chief Warrant Officer 4 Frederick (called "Freddie" by his POW contemporaries) was shot down over [[North Vietnam]] on December 7, 1965, while serving as a radar intercept officer in an [[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II|F-4]] fighter aircraft.<ref>John G. Hubbell. (1976). ''P.O.W.: A Definitive History of the American Prisoner-Of-War Experience in Vietnam, 1964–1973''. New York: Reader's Digest Press, pp. 171.</ref> The pilot of the aircraft, Major John H. Dunn, was also captured.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 3, 2023|url=https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/102/HJR/PDF/10200HJ0037lv.pdf|title=House Joint Resolution HJ0037, Illinois General Assembly |publisher=Illinois General Assembly}}</ref> Frederick's hands and forearms were badly burned before ejecting, and after capture without proper medical attention his fingers grew together in the healing process.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diy7xmYBZSE&t=973s|title=Marine Corps Birthday – National Cathedral – November 7, 1999 – Gen. Charles G. Boyd |publisher=POW Network}}</ref>


For his conduct as a prisoner of war, Frederick received the [[Navy Cross]], the [[United States Naval Service]]'s second-highest decoration awarded for extraordinary heroism in combat. Additional awards included the [[Silver Star]], two awards of the [[Legion of Merit]], and the Distinguished Flying Cross.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Frederick - Recipient - |url=http://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/4242 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=valor.militarytimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
For his conduct as a prisoner of war, Frederick received the [[Navy Cross]], the [[United States Naval Service]]'s second-highest decoration for extraordinary heroism. Additional awards included the [[Silver Star]], two awards of the [[Legion of Merit]], and the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Frederick – Recipient – |url=http://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/4242 |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=valor.militarytimes.com |language=en}}</ref>


==Death and legacy==
While in captivity in 1972, Frederick contracted an unknown illness, believed to have been typhoid fever, and fell into a coma. With a high fever, camp guards removed him for medical treatment, and he is believed to have died shortly after reaching a hospital in [[Hanoi]].<ref name="Rochester and Kiley">Stuart I. Rochester and Frederick Kiley, ''Honor Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia 1961–1973'' (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1998), pp. 556-558.</ref> Frederick's remains were repatriated on March 13, 1974.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=https://www.pownetwork.org/bios/f/f053.htm|title=Bio: Frederick, John William Jr. |publisher=POW Network}}</ref>
While in captivity in 1972, Frederick contracted an unknown illness, believed to have been typhoid fever, and fell into a coma. With a high fever, camp guards removed him for medical treatment, and he is believed to have died shortly after reaching a hospital in [[Hanoi]].<ref name="Rochester and Kiley">Stuart I. Rochester and Frederick Kiley, ''Honor Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia 1961–1973'' (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1998), pp. 556–558.</ref> Frederick's remains were repatriated on March 13, 1974.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=https://www.pownetwork.org/bios/f/f053.htm|title=Bio: Frederick, John William Jr. |publisher=POW Network}}</ref>


During a 1999 service commemorating the U.S. Marine Corps birthday at the [[Washington National Cathedral]], Frederick was eulogized by fellow POW Gen. [[Charles G. Boyd]]. Cellmates at the [[Sơn Tây prison camp]], which was later the scene of an attempted rescue of American prisoners in 1970 by U.S. special forces during [[Operation Ivory Coast]], Boyd remembered Frederick thusly: “John was a taciturn man, deeply religious, respectful of other people’s sensitivities, a valued cellmate…. He did not go out of his way to provoke his captors but was a fierce resister when they tried to get anything from him. For me John Frederick was a symbol of quiet stoicism, an utterly dependable comrade-in-arms who would be there when you needed him, no matter the risk.”<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diy7xmYBZSE&t=973s|title=Marine Corps Birthday – National Cathedral – November 7, 1999 - Gen. Charles G. Boyd |publisher=POW Network}}</ref>
During a 1999 service commemorating the U.S. Marine Corps birthday at the [[Washington National Cathedral]], Frederick was eulogized by fellow POW, General [[Charles G. Boyd]]. Cellmates at the [[Sơn Tây prison camp]], which was later the scene of an attempted rescue of American prisoners in 1970 by U.S. special forces during [[Operation Ivory Coast]], Boyd remembered Frederick thusly: "John was a taciturn man, deeply religious, respectful of other people’s sensitivities, a valued cellmate... He did not go out of his way to provoke his captors but was a fierce resister when they tried to get anything from him. For me John Frederick was a symbol of quiet stoicism, an utterly dependable comrade-in-arms who would be there when you needed him, no matter the risk.”<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diy7xmYBZSE&t=973s|title=Marine Corps Birthday – National Cathedral – November 7, 1999 – Gen. Charles G. Boyd |publisher=POW Network}}</ref>


In 1999, a study lounge in O’Bannon Hall at [[The Basic School]] on [[Marine Corps Base Quantico]] was dedicated to Frederick.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 10, 2023|url=https://www.usmcmuseum.com/my-marine-monday.html|title=October 21, 2019 - My Marine Monday|publisher=National Museum of the Marine Corps}}</ref> In 2022, the [[Illinois General Assembly]] designated Interstate I-155 from Interstate 74 to IL Route 9 near Morton and Tremont as the “CWO4 John W. Frederick Jr. Memorial Highway.”<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 3, 2023|url=https://www.25newsnow.com/2022/09/10/unveiling-highway-named-after-war-hero/|title=Unveiling of highway named after war hero |publisher=25NewsNow}}</ref>
In 1999, a study lounge in O'Bannon Hall at [[The Basic School]] on [[Marine Corps Base Quantico]] was dedicated to Frederick.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 10, 2023|url=https://www.usmcmuseum.com/my-marine-monday.html|title=October 21, 2019 – My Marine Monday|publisher=National Museum of the Marine Corps}}</ref> In 2022, the [[Illinois General Assembly]] designated Interstate I-155 from Interstate 74 to IL Route 9 near Morton and Tremont as the “CWO4 John W. Frederick Jr. Memorial Highway.”<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 3, 2023|url=https://www.25newsnow.com/2022/09/10/unveiling-highway-named-after-war-hero/|title=Unveiling of highway named after war hero |date=10 September 2022 |publisher=25NewsNow}}</ref>


===Navy Cross citation===
==Navy Cross citation==
:Frederick, John William
:Frederick, John William
:Chief Warrant Officer, U.S. Marine Corps
:Chief Warrant Officer, U.S. Marine Corps
:Date of Action: June 1967 to August 1968
:Date of Action: June 1967 to August 1968
<blockquote>The President of the United States of America takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Chief Warrant Officer John William Frederick, Jr. (MCSN: WO-82847/397561), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism while interned as a Prisoner of War in Southeast Asia from June 1967 to August 1968. During this period, Chief Warrant Officer Frederick distinguished himself by his relentless rejection of any attempts to gain his cooperation or assistance. His steadfast resistance in the face of grave personal danger was an inspiration to other Prisoners of War who observed him. As a result of his dogged resistance, in spite of the fury and relentless cruelty of his captors, fellow prisoners were able to emulate his highly professional example and to find additional personal strength by which to resist interrogation and indoctrination. As a hard-core resister, and with full knowledge of the serious personal hazards to his life, Chief Warrant Officer Frederick personified leadership, bravery, and resistance far beyond that which could reasonably be expected. By his loyalty, perseverance, and courageous actions, Chief Warrant Officer Frederick upheld the highest traditions of the United States Marine Corps and the United States Naval Service.<ref name="HallOfValor">{{cite web |title=John William Frederick |url=https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/4242 |website=Hall of Valor Project |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref></blockquote>
{{quote|The President of the United States of America takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Chief Warrant Officer John William Frederick, Jr. (MCSN: WO-82847/397561), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism while interned as a Prisoner of War in Southeast Asia from June 1967 to August 1968. During this period, Chief Warrant Officer Frederick distinguished himself by his relentless rejection of any attempts to gain his cooperation or assistance. His steadfast resistance in the face of grave personal danger was an inspiration to other Prisoners of War who observed him. As a result of his dogged resistance, in spite of the fury and relentless cruelty of his captors, fellow prisoners were able to emulate his highly professional example and to find additional personal strength by which to resist interrogation and indoctrination. As a hard-core resister, and with full knowledge of the serious personal hazards to his life, Chief Warrant Officer Frederick personified leadership, bravery, and resistance far beyond that which could reasonably be expected. By his loyalty, perseverance, and courageous actions, Chief Warrant Officer Frederick upheld the highest traditions of the United States Marine Corps and the United States Naval Service.<ref name="HallOfValor">{{cite web |title=John William Frederick |url=https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/4242 |website=Hall of Valor Project |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref>}}

== References ==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Frederick, John W.}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:American prisoners of war]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Silver Star]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:American prisoners of war]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II]]

Latest revision as of 21:38, 31 May 2024

John W. Frederick Jr.
Born(1923-12-13)December 13, 1923
Manito, Illinois, U.S
DiedJuly 19, 1972(1972-07-19) (aged 48)
Hanoi, North Vietnam
AllegianceUnited States
Service / branchUnited States Marine Corps
Years of service1942–1972
RankChief Warrant Officer
Battles / warsWorld War II
Korean War
Vietnam War
AwardsNavy Cross
Silver Star
Legion of Merit (2)
Distinguished Flying Cross
Bronze Star Medal

John W. Frederick Jr. (December 13, 1923 – on or about July 19, 1972) was a United States Marine Corps chief warrant officer and veteran of three wars who died in captivity as a prisoner of war during the Vietnam War.

Early life

[edit]

John Frederick was born on December 13, 1923, in Manito, Illinois.[1]

Military career

[edit]

World War II to Korea

[edit]

Frederick enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on May 7, 1942, and was trained as a tail gunner on carrier-based bomber aircraft. He flew 40 combat missions as a tail gunner and radar operator on Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers.[2] Frederick served in the Pacific Theater for the duration of the war.[3]

Following World War II, Frederick served with a contingent of U.S. Marines in China known as "China Marines", sent to occupy northern China from 1945 to 1948 prior to the fall of Chiang Kai-shek in the Chinese Civil War.[4] During the Korean War, Frederick flew in combat as a radar operator in the backseat of a Grumman F7F Tigercat.[5]

Vietnam War

[edit]
Further information: Vietnam War

Chief Warrant Officer 4 Frederick (called "Freddie" by his POW contemporaries) was shot down over North Vietnam on December 7, 1965, while serving as a radar intercept officer in an F-4 fighter aircraft.[6] The pilot of the aircraft, Major John H. Dunn, was also captured.[7] Frederick's hands and forearms were badly burned before ejecting, and after capture without proper medical attention his fingers grew together in the healing process.[8]

For his conduct as a prisoner of war, Frederick received the Navy Cross, the United States Naval Service's second-highest decoration for extraordinary heroism. Additional awards included the Silver Star, two awards of the Legion of Merit, and the Distinguished Flying Cross.[9]

Death and legacy

[edit]

While in captivity in 1972, Frederick contracted an unknown illness, believed to have been typhoid fever, and fell into a coma. With a high fever, camp guards removed him for medical treatment, and he is believed to have died shortly after reaching a hospital in Hanoi.[10] Frederick's remains were repatriated on March 13, 1974.[11]

During a 1999 service commemorating the U.S. Marine Corps birthday at the Washington National Cathedral, Frederick was eulogized by fellow POW, General Charles G. Boyd. Cellmates at the Sơn Tây prison camp, which was later the scene of an attempted rescue of American prisoners in 1970 by U.S. special forces during Operation Ivory Coast, Boyd remembered Frederick thusly: "John was a taciturn man, deeply religious, respectful of other people’s sensitivities, a valued cellmate... He did not go out of his way to provoke his captors but was a fierce resister when they tried to get anything from him. For me John Frederick was a symbol of quiet stoicism, an utterly dependable comrade-in-arms who would be there when you needed him, no matter the risk.”[12]

In 1999, a study lounge in O'Bannon Hall at The Basic School on Marine Corps Base Quantico was dedicated to Frederick.[13] In 2022, the Illinois General Assembly designated Interstate I-155 from Interstate 74 to IL Route 9 near Morton and Tremont as the “CWO4 John W. Frederick Jr. Memorial Highway.”[14]

[edit]
Frederick, John William
Chief Warrant Officer, U.S. Marine Corps
Date of Action: June 1967 to August 1968

The President of the United States of America takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Chief Warrant Officer John William Frederick, Jr. (MCSN: WO-82847/397561), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism while interned as a Prisoner of War in Southeast Asia from June 1967 to August 1968. During this period, Chief Warrant Officer Frederick distinguished himself by his relentless rejection of any attempts to gain his cooperation or assistance. His steadfast resistance in the face of grave personal danger was an inspiration to other Prisoners of War who observed him. As a result of his dogged resistance, in spite of the fury and relentless cruelty of his captors, fellow prisoners were able to emulate his highly professional example and to find additional personal strength by which to resist interrogation and indoctrination. As a hard-core resister, and with full knowledge of the serious personal hazards to his life, Chief Warrant Officer Frederick personified leadership, bravery, and resistance far beyond that which could reasonably be expected. By his loyalty, perseverance, and courageous actions, Chief Warrant Officer Frederick upheld the highest traditions of the United States Marine Corps and the United States Naval Service.[15]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Bio: Frederick, John William Jr". POW Network. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  2. ^ "House Joint Resolution HJ0037, Illinois General Assembly" (PDF). Illinois General Assembly. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  3. ^ "John W. Frederick, Jr". Veteran Tributes. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  4. ^ "John W. Frederick, Jr". Veteran Tributes. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  5. ^ "Remembering Marine Veteran Whose 30-year Military Career Ended as a POW in Vietnam". Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund. 24 August 2017. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  6. ^ John G. Hubbell. (1976). P.O.W.: A Definitive History of the American Prisoner-Of-War Experience in Vietnam, 1964–1973. New York: Reader's Digest Press, pp. 171.
  7. ^ "House Joint Resolution HJ0037, Illinois General Assembly" (PDF). Illinois General Assembly. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  8. ^ "Marine Corps Birthday – National Cathedral – November 7, 1999 – Gen. Charles G. Boyd". POW Network. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  9. ^ "John Frederick – Recipient –". valor.militarytimes.com. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  10. ^ Stuart I. Rochester and Frederick Kiley, Honor Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia 1961–1973 (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1998), pp. 556–558.
  11. ^ "Bio: Frederick, John William Jr". POW Network. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  12. ^ "Marine Corps Birthday – National Cathedral – November 7, 1999 – Gen. Charles G. Boyd". POW Network. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  13. ^ "October 21, 2019 – My Marine Monday". National Museum of the Marine Corps. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
  14. ^ "Unveiling of highway named after war hero". 25NewsNow. 10 September 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  15. ^ "John William Frederick". Hall of Valor Project. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
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