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{{Short description|1927 murder of a Jewish woman in Istanbul, Turkey}}
[[File:Funeral march of Elza, Banker Street (Le Journal d'Orient).jpg|thumbnail|right|Funeral march of Elza Niego]]
[[File:Funeral march of Elza, Banker Street (Le Journal d'Orient).jpg|thumbnail|right|Funeral march of Elza Niego]]
The 1927 murder in [[Turkey]] of a [[Jewish]] girl named Elza Niego by a Turkish official sparked an anti-government demonstration at her funeral that authorities regarded as criminal.<ref name=Jewry>{{cite news|title=Turkish Jewry Agitated Over Murder Case|url=http://multiculturalcanada.ca/node/119839/full?display=full|accessdate=21 January 2013|newspaper=Canadian Jewish Review|date=October 7, 1927}}</ref><ref name=Abraham>{{cite book|last=Kalderon|first=Albert E.|title=Abraham Galanté : a biography|year=1983|publisher=Published by Sepher-Hermon Press for Sephardic House at Congregation Shearith Israel|location=New York|isbn=9780872031111|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONBtAAAAMAAJ&q|accessdate=20 January 2013|page=53}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=TURKEY: Notes, Aug. 29, 1927|journal=Time|date=Aug 29, 1927|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,723045,00.html|accessdate=20 January 2013}}</ref> This led to the arrest of 9 Jewish protestors.
The 1927 murder in [[Turkey]] of a 20 year-old<ref>{{cite news|title=ELSA NİEGO: AMOR Y MUERTE EN ESTAMBÚL|url=https://www.sfarad.es/elsa-niego-amor-y-muerte-en-estambul/|access-date=30 June 2023|newspaper=sfarad.es|date=25 June 2020}}</ref> [[Jewish]] woman named '''Elza Niego''' ({{lang-tr|Elza Niyego}}, {{lang-he|אלזה נייגו}}) by a Turkish official sparked an anti-government demonstration at her funeral that authorities regarded as criminal.<ref name=Jewry>{{cite news|title=Turkish Jewry Agitated Over Murder Case|url=http://multiculturalcanada.ca/node/119839/full?display=full|access-date=21 January 2013|newspaper=Canadian Jewish Review|date=October 7, 1927|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103224840/http://multiculturalcanada.ca/node/119839/full?display=full|archive-date=3 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Abraham>{{cite book|last=Kalderon|first=Albert E.|title=Abraham Galanté : a biography|year=1983|publisher=Published by Sepher-Hermon Press for Sephardic House at Congregation Shearith Israel|location=New York|isbn=9780872031111|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONBtAAAAMAAJ|access-date=20 January 2013|page=53}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=TURKEY: Notes, Aug. 29, 1927|magazine=Time|date=Aug 29, 1927|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,723045,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827225211/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,723045,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 27, 2010|access-date=20 January 2013}}</ref> The Turkish government alleged that the slogans used in the manifestations were against Turkishness. Following the demonstration, either nine or ten Jewish protestors were detained. They were released after thirty days.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bali|first=Rıfat|date=2008-09-23|title=The 1934 Thrace events: continuity and change within Turkish state policies regarding non-Muslim minorities. An interview with Rıfat Bali|url=http://journals.openedition.org/ejts/2903|journal=European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey|language=en|issue=7|doi=10.4000/ejts.2903|issn=1773-0546|doi-access=free}}</ref>


==Murder==
==Murder==
[[File:Carrying Elza's coffin on their shoulders (Le Journal d'Orient).jpg|thumbnail|left|Mourners carrying Elza Niego's coffin]]
[[File:Carrying Elza's coffin on their shoulders (Le Journal d'Orient).jpg|thumbnail|left|Mourners carrying Elza Niego's coffin]]
Elza Niego (22) was a typist of the National Insurance Company of Turkey.<ref name=jta /> During a holiday at the [[Heybeli]] island, a Muslim Turkish official Osman Bey fell in love with her.<ref name=jta>{{cite news|title=New Trial Ordered for Nine Constantinople Jews Once Acquitted|url=http://archive.jta.org/article/1928/01/16/2770749/new-trial-ordered-for-nine-constantinople-jews-once-acquitted|accessdate=23 January 2013|newspaper=Jewish News Archive|date=January 16, 1928}}</ref> Osman Bey, who was 30 years older than Elza, would follow Elza around the island.<ref name=jta /> In despair, Elza Niego cut short her vacation and went home. Elza Niego eventually became engaged to a Jewish co-worker. Osman Bey, who was enraged by the engagement, pursued Elza Niego and stabbed her to death with a knife.<ref name=jta />
Elza Niego (20) was a typist of the National Insurance Company of Turkey.<ref name=jta /> During a holiday at [[Heybeliada|Heybeli island]], a Muslim Turkish official, Osman Ratıp Bey, fell in love with her.<ref name=jta>{{cite news|title=New Trial Ordered for Nine Constantinople Jews Once Acquitted|url=http://archive.jta.org/article/1928/01/16/2770749/new-trial-ordered-for-nine-constantinople-jews-once-acquitted|access-date=23 January 2013|newspaper=Jewish News Archive|date=January 16, 1928|archive-date=15 April 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415044529/http://archive.jta.org/article/1928/01/16/2770749/new-trial-ordered-for-nine-constantinople-jews-once-acquitted|url-status=dead}}</ref> Osman Bey, who was 30 years older than Elza, would follow Elza around the island.<ref name=jta /> In despair, Elza Niego cut short her vacation and went home. Niego eventually became engaged to a Jewish co-worker. Osman Bey, who was enraged by the engagement, pursued Elza Niego and stabbed her to death with a knife.<ref name=jta />

Osman Bey was so in love with Elza that he reportedly cut ties with his wives (one in [[America]], one in [[England]], and another in [[Istanbul]]), as well as his children and grandchildren. He stalked Elza for years. After a complaint to the police by Elza, Osman was arrested and imprisoned for months. After Osman Bey is released from prison, he regularly asks for Niego's mother's hand in their marriage. After being declined every time, coupled with Elza's engagement, Osman projects his anger after he stumbles upon Elza in [[Bankalar Caddesi]], Istanbul, pulling out his knife and immediately rushing towards her, slitting her nose and throat. Elza Niego was immediately killed (on 17 August, 1927), and her sister, Rejin, was heavily injured.<ref>{{cite book|last=Üstün|first=Ebrar Begüm|title=Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Kadın Cinayetlerinin İstanbul Gazetelerine Yansıma Biçimleri (1923-1945)|year=2020|publisher=Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi|location=Istanbul|url=http://dspace.yildiz.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/1/12656|pages=87–88}}</ref>


==Aftermath==
==Aftermath==
During the funeral, a demonstration was held in opposition to the Turkish government.<ref name=jta /> This created an anti-Semitic reaction in the Turkish press.<ref>{{cite book|last=Benbassa|first=Esther|title=Sephardi Jewry : a history of the Judeo-Spanish community, 14th--20th centuries|year=1999|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520218222|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=75yqSStYjocC&lpg=PA162&ots=C7E67A5T2a&dq=elza%20niego&pg=PA162#v=onepage&q=elza%20niego&f=false|edition=1. California paperback|author2=Rodrigue, Aron}}</ref> Nine protestors were immediately arrested under the charge of offending "Turkishness".<ref name=jta /> Nine Jews and also a Russian individual witness to murder were arrested. Four of them were sentenced for "denigration of Turkishness".<ref>[http://www.taraf.com.tr/ayse-hur/makale-munferit-antisemitizm-vakalari.htm Münferit(!) antisemitizm vak’aları] {{wayback|url=http://www.taraf.com.tr/ayse-hur/makale-munferit-antisemitizm-vakalari.htm |date=20140201153720 }}, Ayşe Hür, [[Taraf]]</ref>
During the funeral, a demonstration was held in opposition to the Turkish government.<ref name=jta /> This sparked an [[Antisemitism|anti-Semitic]] reaction in the Turkish press.<ref>{{cite book|last=Benbassa|first=Esther|author-link=Esther Benbassa|title=Sephardi Jewry : a history of the Judeo-Spanish community, 14th--20th centuries|year=1999|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520218222|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=75yqSStYjocC&q=elza+niego&pg=PA162|edition=1. California paperback|author2=Rodrigue, Aron}}</ref> Nine protestors were immediately arrested under the charge of "insulting the Turkish Republic", but were acquitted from charges in their first trial.<ref name=jta /> Soon thereafter, a second trial against the aforementioned nine Jews, including a Russian witness to the murder, was initiated. The defendants were arrested, and four of them were sentenced for the offense of "insulting Turkishness".<ref>[http://www.taraf.com.tr/ayse-hur/makale-munferit-antisemitizm-vakalari.htm Münferit(!) antisemitizm vak’aları] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201153720/http://www.taraf.com.tr/ayse-hur/makale-munferit-antisemitizm-vakalari.htm |date=February 1, 2014 }}, Ayşe Hür, [[Taraf]]</ref>

Osman Ratıp Bey, on the other hand, was quickly arrested and charged with murder. His plea of insanity was accepted in court in 1928, and he was indefinitely placed in the newly-opened [[Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital|Bakırköy mental hospital]]. On 22 February, 1935, he escaped the hospital, but was apprehended after a 24-hour search by police. He was murdered by another patient in the hospital in 1938.<ref>{{cite book|last=Koçoğlu|first=Yahya|title=Azınlık Gençleri Anlatıyor|year=2004|publisher=Metis Publications|isbn=9789753423366|url=https://www.metiskitap.com/catalog/book/4529|edition=2|pages=40–41}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Turkish nationalism}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:affair, Elza Niego}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Niego, Elza}}
[[Category:Turkish Jews]]
[[Category:Turkish Jews]]
⚫
[[Category:Jewish Turkish history]]
[[Category:Antisemitism in Turkey]]
[[Category:Antisemitism in Turkey]]
[[Category:1927 in Turkey]]
[[Category:1927 in Turkey]]
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[[Category:Anti-Jewish pogroms by Muslims]]
[[Category:Islam and antisemitism]]
[[Category:Islam and antisemitism]]
[[Category:Persecution by Muslims]]
[[Category:1927 riots]]
[[Category:1927 murders in Turkey]]
[[Category:Violence against women in Turkey]]
[[Category:Female murder victims]]
[[Category:Murdered Jews]]
[[Category:Typists]]

Revision as of 00:31, 13 June 2024

Funeral march of Elza Niego

The 1927 murder in Turkey of a 20 year-old[1] Jewish woman named Elza Niego (Template:Lang-tr, Hebrew: אלזה נייגו) by a Turkish official sparked an anti-government demonstration at her funeral that authorities regarded as criminal.[2][3][4] The Turkish government alleged that the slogans used in the manifestations were against Turkishness. Following the demonstration, either nine or ten Jewish protestors were detained. They were released after thirty days.[5]

Murder

Mourners carrying Elza Niego's coffin

Elza Niego (20) was a typist of the National Insurance Company of Turkey.[6] During a holiday at Heybeli island, a Muslim Turkish official, Osman Ratıp Bey, fell in love with her.[6] Osman Bey, who was 30 years older than Elza, would follow Elza around the island.[6] In despair, Elza Niego cut short her vacation and went home. Niego eventually became engaged to a Jewish co-worker. Osman Bey, who was enraged by the engagement, pursued Elza Niego and stabbed her to death with a knife.[6]

Osman Bey was so in love with Elza that he reportedly cut ties with his wives (one in America, one in England, and another in Istanbul), as well as his children and grandchildren. He stalked Elza for years. After a complaint to the police by Elza, Osman was arrested and imprisoned for months. After Osman Bey is released from prison, he regularly asks for Niego's mother's hand in their marriage. After being declined every time, coupled with Elza's engagement, Osman projects his anger after he stumbles upon Elza in Bankalar Caddesi, Istanbul, pulling out his knife and immediately rushing towards her, slitting her nose and throat. Elza Niego was immediately killed (on 17 August, 1927), and her sister, Rejin, was heavily injured.[7]

Aftermath

During the funeral, a demonstration was held in opposition to the Turkish government.[6] This sparked an anti-Semitic reaction in the Turkish press.[8] Nine protestors were immediately arrested under the charge of "insulting the Turkish Republic", but were acquitted from charges in their first trial.[6] Soon thereafter, a second trial against the aforementioned nine Jews, including a Russian witness to the murder, was initiated. The defendants were arrested, and four of them were sentenced for the offense of "insulting Turkishness".[9]

Osman Ratıp Bey, on the other hand, was quickly arrested and charged with murder. His plea of insanity was accepted in court in 1928, and he was indefinitely placed in the newly-opened Bakırköy mental hospital. On 22 February, 1935, he escaped the hospital, but was apprehended after a 24-hour search by police. He was murdered by another patient in the hospital in 1938.[10]

References

  1. ^ "ELSA NİEGO: AMOR Y MUERTE EN ESTAMBÚL". sfarad.es. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  2. ^ "Turkish Jewry Agitated Over Murder Case". Canadian Jewish Review. October 7, 1927. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  3. ^ Kalderon, Albert E. (1983). Abraham Galanté : a biography. New York: Published by Sepher-Hermon Press for Sephardic House at Congregation Shearith Israel. p. 53. ISBN 9780872031111. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  4. ^ "TURKEY: Notes, Aug. 29, 1927". Time. Aug 29, 1927. Archived from the original on August 27, 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  5. ^ Bali, Rıfat (2008-09-23). "The 1934 Thrace events: continuity and change within Turkish state policies regarding non-Muslim minorities. An interview with Rıfat Bali". European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey (7). doi:10.4000/ejts.2903. ISSN 1773-0546.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "New Trial Ordered for Nine Constantinople Jews Once Acquitted". Jewish News Archive. January 16, 1928. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  7. ^ Üstün, Ebrar Begüm (2020). Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Kadın Cinayetlerinin İstanbul Gazetelerine Yansıma Biçimleri (1923-1945). Istanbul: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi. pp. 87–88.
  8. ^ Benbassa, Esther; Rodrigue, Aron (1999). Sephardi Jewry : a history of the Judeo-Spanish community, 14th--20th centuries (1. California paperback ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520218222.
  9. ^ Münferit(!) antisemitizm vak’aları Archived February 1, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Ayşe Hür, Taraf
  10. ^ Koçoğlu, Yahya (2004). Azınlık Gençleri Anlatıyor (2 ed.). Metis Publications. pp. 40–41. ISBN 9789753423366.
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