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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Short description|Pejorative term}}
{{Short description|Pejorative term}}
{{other uses}}
{{other uses}}
⚫
{{Wiktionary|Pocho}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=May 2014}}
{{original research|date=April 2014}}
{{original research|date=April 2014}}
⚫
'''''Pocho''''' (feminine: '''''pocha''''') is [[slang]] in [[Mexican Spanish|Spanish used in Mexico]] to refer to [[Mexican Americans]] and [[Emigration from Mexico|Mexican emigrants]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The battle for the craziest michelada is on. But how much is too much? |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/story/2022-08-11/michelada-history-beer-drink-los-angeles-mexico-market |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=11 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kanellos |first1=Nicolàs |last2=Esteva-Fabregat |first2=Claudia |last3=Weaver |first3=Thomas |title=Handbook of Hispanic Cultures in the United States: Anthropology |date=1 January 1994 |publisher=Arte Publico Press |isbn=978-1-61192-161-8 |page=182 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7hMsnIMQxN8C&pg=PA182 |language=en}}</ref> It is often used [[pejorative]]ly to describe a person of Mexican ancestry who lacks fluency in Spanish and knowledge of [[Culture of Mexico|Mexican culture]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Romero |first1=Abril |title=Hispanic, Latino, And Other Words You've Been Using Wrong Your Whole Life |url=https://culturacolectiva.com/history/hispanic-or-latino-meaning |website=culturacolectiva.com |date=21 June 2018 |publisher=Cultura Colectiva. |access-date=23 January 2022}}</ref> It derives from the Spanish word ''pocho'', used to describe fruit that has become rotten or discolored.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pocho |url=https://www.spanishdict.com/translate/pocho |access-date=23 January 2022 |website=[[SpanishDict]] |publisher=Curiosity Media, Inc.}}</ref>
{{over-coverage|date=July 2014}}
}}
⚫
'''''Pocho''''' (feminine: '''''pocha''''') is [[slang]] in [[Mexican Spanish|Spanish]] used in [[Mexico]] to refer to [[Mexican Americans]] and [[Emigration from Mexico|Mexican emigrants]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The battle for the craziest michelada is on. But how much is too much? |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/story/2022-08-11/michelada-history-beer-drink-los-angeles-mexico-market |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=11 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kanellos |first1=Nicolàs |last2=Esteva-Fabregat |first2=Claudia |last3=Weaver |first3=Thomas |title=Handbook of Hispanic Cultures in the United States: Anthropology |date=1 January 1994 |publisher=Arte Publico Press |isbn=978-1-61192-161-8 |page=182 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7hMsnIMQxN8C&pg=PA182&lpg=PA182 |language=en}}</ref> It is often used [[pejorative|pejoratively]] to describe a Mexican [[expatriate]] or a person of Mexican ancestry who lacks fluency or the ability to speak in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and knowledge of [[Culture of Mexico|Mexican culture]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Romero |first1=Abril |title=Hispanic, Latino, And Other Words You've Been Using Wrong Your Whole Life |url=https://culturacolectiva.com/history/hispanic-or-latino-meaning |website=culturacolectiva.com |publisher=Cultura Colectiva. |access-date=23 January 2022}}</ref> It derives from the Spanish word ''pocho'', used to describe fruit that has become rotten or discolored.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pocho |url=https://www.spanishdict.com/translate/pocho |website=SpanishDict |publisher=Curiosity Media, Inc. |access-date=23 January 2022}}</ref>


The term can refer to the following:
The term can refer to the following:
* A Mexican American or expat who speaks broken or no Spanish.
* A Mexican American or expat who speaks broken or no Spanish.
* A Mexican American who speaks Anglicized Spanish, colloquially known as "Spanglish".<ref name="D'Amore2009">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hLCm7MH7u8C&pg=PA79|title=Translating Contemporary Mexican Texts: Fidelity to Alterity|last=D'Amore|first=Anna Maria|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4331-0499-2|location=New York|page=79}}</ref>
* A Mexican American who speaks Anglicized Spanish, colloquially known as [[Spanglish]].<ref name="D'Amore2009">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hLCm7MH7u8C&pg=PA79|title=Translating Contemporary Mexican Texts: Fidelity to Alterity|last=D'Amore|first=Anna Maria|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4331-0499-2|location=New York|page=79}}</ref>
* A Mexican that has emigrated from Mexico and settled or [[Naturalization|naturalized]] in another country.
* A Mexican that has emigrated from Mexico and settled or [[Naturalization|naturalized]] in another country.
* A Mexican that travels, works, or lives outside of Mexico for an extended period of time. e.g. Mexican students studying abroad.
* A Mexican that travels, works, or lives outside of Mexico for an extended period of time. e.g. Mexican students studying abroad.
* A Mexican that does not adhere to traditional Mexican culture, customs, and etiquette.
* A Mexican that does not adhere to traditional Mexican culture, customs, and etiquette.
* A nickname in Argentina (Pocho or Pocha). For example, the popular Argentine president [[Juan Perón]] was called "El Pocho" as well as the Argentinian football players [[Ezequiel Lavezzi]] and [[Federico Insúa]].
* A nickname in Argentina (Pocho or Pocha). For example, the popular Argentine president [[Juan Perón]] was called "El Pocho" as well as the Argentinian football players [[Ezequiel Lavezzi]] and [[Federico Insúa]].
* A 1959 [[Chicano]] [[novel]] by [[José Antonio Villarreal]].
* A 1959 [[Chicano]] [[novel]] by [[José Antonio Villarreal]].


Pochos are usually identified by their use of poorly-spoken Spanish. [[Code switching]] and the use of [[loanword]]s is common as is the use of phrases popular in American culture translated to Spanish, sometimes literally. Code switching often involves inserting English preposition or objective nouns, such as, "''Voy a ir'' shopping ''ahora en el'' supermarket" (I am going shopping now at the supermarket).
Pochos are usually identified by their use of non-standard Spanish. [[Code-switching]]—and the use of [[loanword]]s—is common, as in many languages; however, it is the overall use of words and phrases popular in English-language/American culture translated into Spanish, sometimes quite literally, that may earn one the label of "pocho/a" from others. Code-switching often involves inserting English prepositions or objective nouns, such as saying "''Voy a ir'' shopping ''ahora en el'' supermarket", or "I am going shopping now at the supermarket".


Modified loanwords are referred to as "pochismos", and will usually sound quite similar to their English-language counterpart. Examples include:
⚫
Modified loanwords are referred to as "pochismos". Examples include ''mopear'' for ''trapear'' (to mop), ''troque'' for ''camion'' (truck), ''parquear'' for ''estacionar'' (to park), or ''chequear'' for ''mirar'' or ''verificar'' (to check, to inspect or to verify). A clear example of a popular American phrase that has been adopted by people familiar with both cultures would be [[Clint Eastwood]]'s famous quote "Make my day", which has been increasingly used in Spanish as "Hacer mi día."
* ''mopear'' instead of ''trapear'' (to mop)
* ''troque'' or ''troca'' instead of ''camion'' (truck)
* ''parquear'' instead of ''estacionar'' (to park)
* ''chequear'' or ''checar'' instead of ''mirar, revisar'' or ''verificar'' (to look, to check/inspect, or to verify)
* ''noquear'' instead of ''derribar'' (knock-down, or knock-over, for example in boxing when a boxer knocks out an opponent)
* ''rapear'' (to [[Rapping|rap]]), instead of ''rimar'' (to rhyme)

⚫
A clear example of a popular American phrase that has been adopted, by people familiar with both cultures, would be [[Clint Eastwood]]'s famous quote, "''[[Go ahead, make my day|Make my day]]''", which has been increasingly used in Spanish as "Hacer mi día."

Pocho is also a [[Hawaiian Pidgin|Hawaiian Pidgin English]] slang term used to describe an individual of Portuguese descent.<ref name="Pidgin Dictionary">{{cite web |url=https://e-hawaii.com/pidgin/pocho/ |website=Pidgen English |publisher=e-Hawaii.com |access-date=29 December 2023 |title=Pidgin Dictionary}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Hispanic and Latino Americans|Language}}
{{Portal|Hispanic and Latino Americans|Language}}
*[[Pochano]]
* [[Chicano]]
* [[Pochano]]


==References==
==References==
Line 30: Line 37:


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
{{Wiktionary|Pocho}}
* [http://www.doubletongued.org/index.php/dictionary/pocho/ Definition of pocho]
* [http://www.doubletongued.org/index.php/dictionary/pocho/ Definition of pocho]
* "A Note on 'Pochismo'" by William E. Wilson, ''The Modern Language Journal'', Vol. 30, No. 6 (Oct., 1946), pp.&nbsp;345–346 (Available online at JSTOR - membership required)
* "A Note on 'Pochismo'" by William E. Wilson, ''The Modern Language Journal'', Vol. 30, No. 6 (Oct. 1946), pp.&nbsp;345–346 (Available online at JSTOR - membership required)


[[Category:Mexican culture]]
[[Category:Culture of Mexico]]
[[Category:Anti-Americanism]]
[[Category:Anti-American sentiment in the United States]]
[[Category:Chicano]]
[[Category:Chicano]]
[[Category:Cultural assimilation]]
[[Category:Cultural assimilation]]

Revision as of 17:02, 3 July 2024

For other uses, see Pocho (disambiguation).

Pocho (feminine: pocha) is slang in Spanish used in Mexico to refer to Mexican Americans and Mexican emigrants.[1][2] It is often used pejoratively to describe a person of Mexican ancestry who lacks fluency in Spanish and knowledge of Mexican culture.[3] It derives from the Spanish word pocho, used to describe fruit that has become rotten or discolored.[4]

The term can refer to the following:

  • A Mexican American or expat who speaks broken or no Spanish.
  • A Mexican American who speaks Anglicized Spanish, colloquially known as Spanglish.[5]
  • A Mexican that has emigrated from Mexico and settled or naturalized in another country.
  • A Mexican that travels, works, or lives outside of Mexico for an extended period of time. e.g. Mexican students studying abroad.
  • A Mexican that does not adhere to traditional Mexican culture, customs, and etiquette.
  • A nickname in Argentina (Pocho or Pocha). For example, the popular Argentine president Juan Perón was called "El Pocho" as well as the Argentinian football players Ezequiel Lavezzi and Federico Insúa.
  • A 1959 Chicano novel by José Antonio Villarreal.

Pochos are usually identified by their use of non-standard Spanish. Code-switching—and the use of loanwords—is common, as in many languages; however, it is the overall use of words and phrases popular in English-language/American culture translated into Spanish, sometimes quite literally, that may earn one the label of "pocho/a" from others. Code-switching often involves inserting English prepositions or objective nouns, such as saying "Voy a ir shopping ahora en el supermarket", or "I am going shopping now at the supermarket".

Modified loanwords are referred to as "pochismos", and will usually sound quite similar to their English-language counterpart. Examples include:

  • mopear instead of trapear (to mop)
  • troque or troca instead of camion (truck)
  • parquear instead of estacionar (to park)
  • chequear or checar instead of mirar, revisar or verificar (to look, to check/inspect, or to verify)
  • noquear instead of derribar (knock-down, or knock-over, for example in boxing when a boxer knocks out an opponent)
  • rapear (to rap), instead of rimar (to rhyme)

A clear example of a popular American phrase that has been adopted, by people familiar with both cultures, would be Clint Eastwood's famous quote, "Make my day", which has been increasingly used in Spanish as "Hacer mi día."

Pocho is also a Hawaiian Pidgin English slang term used to describe an individual of Portuguese descent.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ "The battle for the craziest michelada is on. But how much is too much?". Los Angeles Times. 11 August 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  2. ^ Kanellos, Nicolàs; Esteva-Fabregat, Claudia; Weaver, Thomas (1 January 1994). Handbook of Hispanic Cultures in the United States: Anthropology. Arte Publico Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-61192-161-8.
  3. ^ Romero, Abril (21 June 2018). "Hispanic, Latino, And Other Words You've Been Using Wrong Your Whole Life". culturacolectiva.com. Cultura Colectiva. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  4. ^ "Pocho". SpanishDict. Curiosity Media, Inc. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  5. ^ D'Amore, Anna Maria (2009). Translating Contemporary Mexican Texts: Fidelity to Alterity. New York: Peter Lang. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-4331-0499-2.
  6. ^ "Pidgin Dictionary". Pidgen English. e-Hawaii.com. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
Look up Pocho in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • Definition of pocho
  • "A Note on 'Pochismo'" by William E. Wilson, The Modern Language Journal, Vol. 30, No. 6 (Oct. 1946), pp. 345–346 (Available online at JSTOR - membership required)
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