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{{short description|12th-century poem by Jayamkondar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
'''Kalingattuparani''' is a 12th century [[Tamil language|Tamil]] poem and a war song by [[Jayamkondar]], celebrating the victory of [[Kulottunga Chola I]] over the Kalinga king, Anantavarman Chodaganga in the Chola-Kalinga war.<ref>''Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture'', page 13</ref><ref>''Tamil studies, Volume 1'', page 65</ref> It gives a vivid and a graphic description of battle scenes. It is hailed as one of the master-pieces of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] literature with its majestic style and diction.<ref>''Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: history, art, and traditions in Tamilnāḍu'', page 77</ref> [[Kulottunga Chola I]] is the protagonist and the hero of this magnificent work.<ref>''History of medieval Andhradesa'', page 25</ref><ref>''History of the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, 610–1210 A.D.''</ref> Jayakondar, the court poet touches on various sections such as lineage of the king, his birth, his family, the training in warfare that he received as a child, his ascension to the throne, exploits and his subsequent move to the city of [[Kanchi]]. The author then proceeds to explain the training that Kulothunga received in warfare and his heroics in Vayiragaram and Chakrakottam while he was still young. Next he proceeds to talk about his queens and how one day the king wanted to move his capital to [[Kanchi]]. Finally, he touches on the circumstances which led to the Kalinga war. [[Karunakara Thondaiman]], a Pallavan prince and a feudatory will distinguish himself in this affair.
{{Infobox book|
| name = Kalingattuparani
| translator =
| border = yes
| author = [[Jayamkondar]]
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| series =
| genre = [[Epic poetry]]
| published = after 1110 CE
}}


'''Kalingattuparani''' ({{lang-ta|கலிங்கத்துப்பரணி}}) is a 12th-century [[Tamil language|Tamil]] poem and a war song by [[Jayamkondar]], celebrating the victory of [[Kulottunga Chola I]] over the [[Kalinga Dynasty|Kalinga]] king, [[Anantavarman Chodaganga]] in the [[Chola invasion of Kalinga (1110)|Chola-Kalinga war]].<ref>''Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture'', page 13</ref><ref>''Tamil studies, Volume 1'', page 65</ref> [[Parani (Tamil literature genre)|Parani]] is a type of literature that is written on a king (or a general) who kills a thousand elephants in a war. It is customary to name the poem on the one who was defeated.
==Notes==

{{Reflist}}
== Premise ==
Kalingattuparani depicts the Chola invasion of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] under the command of [[Karunakara Tondaiman]]<ref>http://www.tamilvu.org/library/nationalized/scholars/pdf/literature/chayang_kond_taar_kaling_kattupparand_i.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> where a thousand elephants are slain.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/ARDu0gimueg Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200301180229/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARDu0gimueg Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARDu0gimueg| title = Tamil news Vairamuthu speech on kalingathu parani live tamil news, tamil news live,redpix | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=October 2021|reason=YouTube isn’t an ideal source to use.}} It gives a vivid and a graphic description of battle scenes. It is hailed as one of the master-pieces of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] literature with its majestic style and diction.<ref>''Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: history, art, and traditions in Tamilnāḍu'', page 77</ref>

==Plot==
The warriors who return from the war found the doors of their household closed and they ask the women to open them. Meanwhile goblins who witnessed the battle narrates the story to the goddess Kali who resides in the forest. The poem contains thirteen parts
{{colbegin}}
*கடவுள் வாழ்த்து (Invocation)
*கடை திறப்பு (Open the doors)
*காடு பாடியது (In praise of the forest where Kali dwells)
*கோயில் பாடியது (In praise of the Kali temple)
*தேவியைப் பாடியது (In praise of Kali)
*பேய்ப்பாடியது (In praise of the attendant spirits of Kali)
*இந்திரசாலம் (Jugglery)
*இராச பாரம்பரியம் (Lineage of the Chola kings in which Kulothunga was born)
*பேய் முறைப்பாடு (Goblins appeal to gracious consort, representing their intense hunger)
*அவதாரம் (Incarnation of Kulothunga)
*காளிக்குக் கூளி கூறியது (Golblin narrates to Kali)
*போர் பாடியது (Description of battle scenes)
*களம் பாடியது (Of the heroic deeds in the battlefield)
{{colend}}

== Structure ==
Jayamkondar, the court poet, touches on various sections such as lineage of the king, his birth, his family, the training in warfare that he received as a child, his accession to the throne, his exploits and his subsequent move to the city of [[Kanchi]].

The author then proceeds to explain the training that Kulothunga received in warfare and his heroics in Vayiragaram and Chakrakottam while he was still young. Next he proceeds to talk about his queens and how one day the king wanted to move his capital to [[Kanchi]]. Finally, he touches on the circumstances which led to the Kalinga war.

==English translation==
An English rendering of Kalingattuparani is done by E.S. Muthuswamy.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZU3juIy/page/n1/mode/2up?view=theater | title=Kalinkattup Parani : Im English | year=2006 | publisher=Institute of Asian Studies (Chennai) }}</ref>

==In popular media==
In the 2010 tamil movie [[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]], four stanzas from the 12 part have been used.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
*''Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture'', By K.V. Raman
*''Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: history, art, and traditions in Tamilnāḍu'', By T. Padmaja
*''History of the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, 610–1210 A.D.'', By Bhavaraju Venkatakrishna Rao, Bhāvarāju Vēṅkaṭakr̥ṣṇarāvu
*''History of medieval Andhradesa'', By M. Krishna Kumari
*''Tamil studies, Volume 1'', By A. V. Subramania Aiyar
*'' Kaliṅkattupparaṇi. English & Tamil '', By Cayaṅkoṇṭar 12th century, general editor-G. John Samuel, editor-P. Thiagarajan, E.S. Muthuswamy, Chennai : Institute of Asian Studies, 2006.


[[Category:Tamil literature]]
[[Category:Tamil-language literature]]
[[Category:Elephants in Indian culture]]

Latest revision as of 23:42, 13 July 2024

Kalingattuparani
AuthorJayamkondar
LanguageTamil
GenreEpic poetry
Publishedafter 1110 CE
Publication placeIndia

Kalingattuparani (Tamil: கலிங்கத்துப்பரணி) is a 12th-century Tamil poem and a war song by Jayamkondar, celebrating the victory of Kulottunga Chola I over the Kalinga king, Anantavarman Chodaganga in the Chola-Kalinga war.[1][2] Parani is a type of literature that is written on a king (or a general) who kills a thousand elephants in a war. It is customary to name the poem on the one who was defeated.

Premise

[edit]

Kalingattuparani depicts the Chola invasion of Kalinga under the command of Karunakara Tondaiman[3] where a thousand elephants are slain.[4][unreliable source?] It gives a vivid and a graphic description of battle scenes. It is hailed as one of the master-pieces of Tamil literature with its majestic style and diction.[5]

Plot

[edit]

The warriors who return from the war found the doors of their household closed and they ask the women to open them. Meanwhile goblins who witnessed the battle narrates the story to the goddess Kali who resides in the forest. The poem contains thirteen parts

  • கடவுள் வாழ்த்து (Invocation)
  • கடை திறப்பு (Open the doors)
  • காடு பாடியது (In praise of the forest where Kali dwells)
  • கோயில் பாடியது (In praise of the Kali temple)
  • தேவியைப் பாடியது (In praise of Kali)
  • பேய்ப்பாடியது (In praise of the attendant spirits of Kali)
  • இந்திரசாலம் (Jugglery)
  • இராச பாரம்பரியம் (Lineage of the Chola kings in which Kulothunga was born)
  • பேய் முறைப்பாடு (Goblins appeal to gracious consort, representing their intense hunger)
  • அவதாரம் (Incarnation of Kulothunga)
  • காளிக்குக் கூளி கூறியது (Golblin narrates to Kali)
  • போர் பாடியது (Description of battle scenes)
  • களம் பாடியது (Of the heroic deeds in the battlefield)

Structure

[edit]

Jayamkondar, the court poet, touches on various sections such as lineage of the king, his birth, his family, the training in warfare that he received as a child, his accession to the throne, his exploits and his subsequent move to the city of Kanchi.

The author then proceeds to explain the training that Kulothunga received in warfare and his heroics in Vayiragaram and Chakrakottam while he was still young. Next he proceeds to talk about his queens and how one day the king wanted to move his capital to Kanchi. Finally, he touches on the circumstances which led to the Kalinga war.

English translation

[edit]

An English rendering of Kalingattuparani is done by E.S. Muthuswamy.[6]

[edit]

In the 2010 tamil movie Raavanan, four stanzas from the 12 part have been used.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture, page 13
  2. ^ Tamil studies, Volume 1, page 65
  3. ^ http://www.tamilvu.org/library/nationalized/scholars/pdf/literature/chayang_kond_taar_kaling_kattupparand_i.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  4. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Tamil news Vairamuthu speech on kalingathu parani live tamil news, tamil news live,redpix. YouTube.
  5. ^ Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: history, art, and traditions in Tamilnāḍu, page 77
  6. ^ "Kalinkattup Parani : Im English". Institute of Asian Studies (Chennai). 2006.