Police Directorate of Montenegro: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}} |
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{{Infobox law enforcement agency |
{{Infobox law enforcement agency |
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| agencyname = Police |
| agencyname = Police Directorate of Montenegro |
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| nativename = Uprava Policije Crne Gore |
| nativename = Uprava Policije Crne Gore |
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| patch = |
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| patchcaption = |
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| logo = |
| logo = Amblem of Police directorate of Montenegro.png |
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| logocaption = Emblem of Montenegrin Police |
| logocaption = Emblem of Montenegrin Police |
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| badge = |
| badge = ZnackaCGfoto.png |
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| badgecaption = Badge of Montenegrin Police Officers |
| badgecaption = Badge of Montenegrin Police Officers |
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| flag = |
| flag = |
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| flagcaption = |
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| imagesize = 200 |
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| motto = |
| motto = |
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| mottotranslated = |
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| formedyear = 1994 |
| formedyear = 1994 |
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| formedmonthday = |
| formedmonthday = |
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| preceding1 = Milicija<br>([[Socialist Republic of Montenegro]], [[SFRY]]) |
| preceding1 = Milicija<br>([[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|SR Montenegro]], [[SFRY]]) |
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| employees = 4, |
| employees = 4,282 |
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| volunteers = |
| volunteers = |
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| budget = |
| budget = |
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| hqlocmappoptitle = |
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| sworntype = |
| sworntype = |
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| sworn = |
| sworn = 4,077 |
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| unsworntype = |
| unsworntype = |
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| unsworn = |
| unsworn = 205 |
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| electeetype = Minister |
| electeetype = Minister |
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| minister1name = |
| minister1name = Danilo Šaranović |
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| minister1pfo = Minister of Internal Affairs |
| minister1pfo = Minister of Internal Affairs |
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| chief1name = |
| chief1name = Aleksandar Radović |
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| chief1position = Police Director |
| chief1position = Police Director (acting) |
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| parentagency = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Law enforcement in [[Montenegro]]''' is primarily the responsibility of the ''Police |
'''Law enforcement in [[Montenegro]]''' is primarily the responsibility of the ''Police Directorate'' (''Uprava Policije''). |
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==Organization== |
==Organization== |
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All units of the Police |
All units of the Police Directorate report to the Police Director. Police Directorate of Montenegro is a law enforcement agency under the jurisdiction of [[Ministry of Interior Affairs (Montenegro)|Ministry of Interior]]. Ministry maintains direct control over [[Internal affairs (law enforcement)|internal affairs]], issuance of personal documents for Montenegrin citizens (ID, drivers licence and passport), emergency situations management, human resources, financial and budgetary management of Police Directorate. Thus, regarding law enforcement matters, the role of the Minister of the Interior is supervisory, and he has no operational authority over police officers. |
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===National level=== |
===National level=== |
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On a national level, Police |
On a national level, Police Directorate organized into 5 departments, which are main operational units of police, each headed by Deputy Police Director, while 3 sections and 4 units serve in a support and administrative tasks: |
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* General Authority Police Department |
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*Sectors: |
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* Criminal Investigations Police Department |
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* Border Police Department |
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* Special Purpose Police Department |
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** Organized Crime and Corruption Suppression Sector |
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* Financial Intelligence Department |
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** Border Police Sector |
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** Persons and Objects Protection Sector |
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In addition to police departments, there are seven additional organizational units, for support and administrative tasks on a national level: |
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** Special Police Units Sector |
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** Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Suppression Sector |
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* International Police Cooperation and Public Relations Section |
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*Departments and units: |
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* Analytics and Police Activities Development Section |
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** International Police Cooperation and Public Relations Department |
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* Forensic Center |
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** Analytics and Police Activities Development Department |
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* Telecommunication and Electronics Section |
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** Forensic Center |
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* Information Security and Data Processing Center |
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** Internal Financial Revision Department |
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* Human Resources and Legal Affairs Unit |
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** Telecommunication and Electronics Department |
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* Financial, General and Auxiliary Affairs Unit |
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** Information Security and Data Processing Center |
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** Human Resources and Legal Affairs Unit |
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** Financial, General and Auxiliary Affairs Unit |
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===Territorial units=== |
===Territorial units=== |
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==Resources and equipment== |
==Resources and equipment== |
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The Police |
The Police Directorate has 4,282 employees in 2020: |
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* 3,013 Police Officers |
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* 149 Police Sergeants |
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* 920 Police Inspectors |
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* 37 Police Advisors |
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* 4,077 sworn police officers |
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** 2,935 Police Officers |
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** 131 Police Sergeants |
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** 953 Police Inspectors |
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** 58 Police Advisors |
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* 205 administrative and support personnel |
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Public law and order officer on duty is usually equipped with a side gun (usually a [[Glock 17]], [[CZ 99]] are phased out), a pair of handcuffs, a police baton, and a [[Terrestrial Trunked Radio|Motorola TETRA]] MTP 850 S radio communication device. |
Public law and order officer on duty is usually equipped with a side gun (usually a [[Glock 17]], [[CZ 99]] are phased out), a pair of handcuffs, a police baton, and a [[Terrestrial Trunked Radio|Motorola TETRA]] MTP 850 S radio communication device. |
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The Police |
The Police Directorate operates a fleet of road vehicles, numbering 470 in 2016. Standard patrol car is a white [[Opel Astra|Opel Astra J saloon]], although various other vehicles are also operating, notably [[Dacia Duster]]s as Border police patrol cars. Special police units are usually seen in [[Land Rover Defender]] off-road vehicles and [[BOV (APC)|BOV-M]] armoured vehicles. |
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Police Headquarters building is located on 22 Svetog Petra Cetinjskog Boulevard, in central [[Podgorica]]. It was erected in 2010 and has {{convert|9360|m2|ft2|abbr=on}} of office space, and also houses Podgorica Regional Police Unit. In Podgorica, aside from the new headquarters building, Police of Montenegro uses the old Ministry of the Interior building (located next to the new one), the "limenka" ("the can") building, logistics complex in Zagorič suburb and Special Units training camp in Zlatica suburb. |
Police Headquarters building is located on 22 Svetog Petra Cetinjskog Boulevard, in central [[Podgorica]]. It was erected in 2010 and has {{convert|9360|m2|ft2|abbr=on}} of office space, and also houses Podgorica Regional Police Unit. In Podgorica, aside from the new headquarters building, Police of Montenegro uses the old Ministry of the Interior building (located next to the new one), the "limenka" ("the can") building, logistics complex in Zagorič suburb and Special Units training camp in Zlatica suburb. |
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==Police Directors== |
==Police Directors== |
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* Veselin Veljović (October 2005 - December 2011) |
* Veselin Veljović (October 2005 - December 2011) |
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* Božidar Vuksanović (December 2011 - February 2013, acting director) |
* Božidar Vuksanović (December 2011 - February 2013, acting director) |
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* Slavko Stojanović (February 2013 - March 2018) |
* Slavko Stojanović (February 2013 - March 2018) |
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* Vesko Damjanović (March 2018 - July 2018, acting director) |
* Vesko Damjanović (March 2018 - July 2018, acting director) |
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* Veselin Veljović (July 2018 – |
* Veselin Veljović (July 2018 – December 2020) |
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* Vesko Damjanović (December 2020 – February 2021, acting director) |
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* Zoran Brđanin (February 2021 – March 2023) |
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* Nikola Terzić (March 2023 - December 2023, acting director) |
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* Zoran Brđanin (December 2023 – March 2024) |
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* Aleksandar Radović (March 2024 - present, acting director) |
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==Ranks== |
==Ranks== |
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===Officers=== |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;width:100%" |
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|+Police ranks of Montenegro |
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|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |
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|- |
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!colspan1| || colspan=2|Police Executive ||colspan=7|Police Inspectors |
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|<small>Police Officer</small>||<small>Senior Police Officer</small>||<small>Senior Police Officer I class</small>||<small>Police Sergeant</small>||<small>Senior Police Sergeant</small>||<small>Senior Police Sergeant I class </small>||<small>Junior Police Inspector</small>||<small>Police Inspector</small>||<small>Police Inspector I class</small>||<small>Independent Police Inspector</small>||<small>Senior Police Inspector</small>||<small>Senior Police Inspector I class</small>||<small>Chief Police Inspector</small>||<small>Deputy Police Director</small>||<small>Police Director</small> |
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|- style="text-align:center;" |
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|- |
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| rowspan=3| {{flagicon|Montenegro}} '''Montenegro''' |
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|<small>''Policajac''</small>||<small>''Stariji policajac''</small>||<small>''Stariji policajac I klase''</small>||<small>''Policijski narednik''</small>||<small>''Stariji olicijski narednik''</small>||<small>''Stariji policijski narednik I klase''</small>||<small>''Mlađi policijski inspektor''</small>||<small>''Policijski inspektor''</small>||<small>''Policijski inspektor I klase''</small>||<small>''Samostalni policijski inspektor''</small>||<small>''Viši policijski inspektor''</small>||<small>''Viši policijski inspektor I klase''</small>||<small>''Glavni policijski inspektor''</small>||<small>''Pomoćnik direktora policije''</small>||<small>''Direktor policije''</small> |
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| [[File:CGDirektor policije.svg|30px]] |
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|- |
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| [[File:CGPomocnik direktora policije.svg|30px]] |
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|[[File:CGPolicajac.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGStariji policajac.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGStariji policajac I klase.svg|40px]] |
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| [[File:CGGlavni policijski inspektor.svg|30px]] |
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|| [[File:CGPolicijski narednik.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGStariji policijski narednik.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGStariji policijski narednik I klase.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGMladji policijski inspektor.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGPolicijski inspektor.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGPolicijski inspektor I klase.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGSamostalni policijski inspektor.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGVisi policijski inspektor.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGVisi policijski inspektor I klase.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGGlavni policijski inspektor.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGPomocnik direktora policije.svg|40px]] || [[File:CGDirektor policije.svg|40px]] |
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| [[File:CGVisi policijski inspektor I klase.svg|30px]] |
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| [[File:CGVisi policijski inspektor.svg|30px]] |
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| [[File:CGSamostalni policijski inspektor.svg|30px]] |
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| [[File:CGPolicijski inspektor I klase.svg|30px]] |
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| [[File:CGPolicijski inspektor.svg|30px]] |
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| [[File:CGMladji policijski inspektor.svg|30px]] |
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|- style="text-align:center;" |
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| ''Direktor policije'' |
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| ''Pomoćnik<br/>direktora policije'' |
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| ''Glavni<br/>policijski inspektor'' |
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| ''Viši policijski inspektor<br/>I klase'' |
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| ''Viši<br/>policijski inspektor'' |
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| ''Samostalni<br/>policijski inspektor'' |
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| ''Policijski inspektor<br/>I klase'' |
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| ''Policijski inspektor'' |
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| ''Mlađi<br/>policijski inspektor'' |
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|- style="text-align:center;" |
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| Police Director |
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| Deputy<br/>Police Director |
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| Chief<br/>Police Inspector |
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| Senior Police Inspector<br/>I class |
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| Senior<br/>Police Inspector |
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| Independent<br/>Police Inspector |
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| Police Inspector<br/>I class |
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| Police Inspector |
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| Junior<br/>Police Inspector |
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|} |
|} |
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===Enlisted=== |
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{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;width:100%" |
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|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |
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!colspan1| || colspan=3|Police Sergeants ||colspan=3|Police Officers |
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|- style="text-align:center;" |
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| rowspan=3| {{flagicon|Montenegro}} '''Montenegro''' |
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| [[File:CGStariji policijski narednik I klase.svg|30px]] |
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| [[File:CGStariji policijski narednik.svg|30px]] |
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| [[File:CGPolicijski narednik.svg|30px]] |
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| [[File:CGStariji policajac I klase.svg|30px]] |
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| [[File:CGStariji policajac.svg|30px]] |
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| [[File:CGPolicajac.svg|30px]] |
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|- style="text-align:center;" |
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| ''Stariji policijski narednik<br/>I klase'' |
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| ''Stariji<br/>policijski narednik'' |
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| ''Policijski narednik'' |
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| ''Stariji policajac<br/>I klase'' |
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| ''Stariji policajac'' |
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| ''Policajac'' |
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|- style="text-align:center;" |
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| Senior Police Sergeant<br/>I class |
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| Senior<br/>Police Sergeant |
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| Police Sergeant |
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| Senior Police Officer<br/>I class |
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| Senior<br/>Police Officer |
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| Police Officer |
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|} |
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==Controversies== |
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In June 2023, the anti-torture committee of the [[Council of Europe]] urged Montenegro to investigate police brutality [[Europol]] published a report on 23 March 2022 that included photos of police officers torturing prisoners.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kajosevic |first=Samir |date=2023-06-22 |title=CoE Report Urges Montenegro to Investigate Police Brutality |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2023/06/22/coe-report-urges-montenegro-to-investigate-police-brutality/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Balkan Insight |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kajosevic |first=Samir |date=2023-03-24 |title=Montenegro Urged to Probe Photos of Police Brutality, Gang Links |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2023/03/24/montenegro-urged-to-probe-photos-of-police-brutality-gang-links/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Balkan Insight |language=en-US}}</ref> The report cited various instances of alleged mistreatment of prisoners ranging from slaps, kicks and punches to the head to [[Foot whipping|falaka]], genital torture, electrical shocks, [[Asphyxia|asphyxiation]] as well as threats of rape and threats against the children and other family members of prisoners. In response, the Montenegrin Government has expressed willingness to follow the recommendations brought forward by the Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Council of Europe anti-torture Committee (CPT) publishes report on its 2022 ad hoc visit to Montenegro - CPT - www.coe.int |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/cpt/-/council-of-europe-anti-torture-committee-cpt-publishes-report-on-its-2022-ad-hoc-visit-to-montenegro |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=CPT |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rm.coe.int/1680abb132|title=Report|website=coe.int|access-date=12 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rm.coe.int/1680abb134|title=Response|website=coe.int|access-date=12 March 2024}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Crime in Montenegro]] |
* [[Crime in Montenegro]] |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.vlada.me/eng/minunutr/ Ministry of Interior] {{in lang|sr}} |
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*[http://www.upravapolicije.com Police Administration] ({{in lang|sr|en}}) |
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*[http://www.osce.org/montenegro/97001 OSCE Report ''Police Reform in Montenegro 2006-2011: Assessment and Recommendations''] - by Sonja Stojanović and Novak Gajić |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*[https://www.gov.me/en/mup Ministry of Interior] |
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*[https://www.gov.me/mup/policija Police Directorate] |
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*[https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/4/486994.pdf OSCE Report ''Police Reform in Montenegro 2011-2019: An Assessment and Recommendations for Good Governance in Policing''] - by Novak Gajić |
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*[https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/a/e/97001.pdf OSCE Report ''Police Reform in Montenegro 2006-2011: Assessment and Recommendations''] - by Sonja Stojanović and Novak Gajić |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Montenegro topics |collapsed}} |
{{Montenegro topics |collapsed}} |
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{{Europe topic|Law enforcement in}} |
{{Europe topic|Law enforcement in}} |
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[[Category:Law enforcement in Montenegro| ]] |
[[Category:Law enforcement in Montenegro| ]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Law of Montenegro]] |
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Revision as of 06:34, 15 July 2024
| Police Directorate of Montenegro Uprava Policije Crne Gore | |
|---|---|
 Emblem of Montenegrin Police | |
 Badge of Montenegrin Police Officers | |
| Common name | Policija Crne Gore |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 1994 |
| Preceding agency |
|
| Employees | 4,282 |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| National agency | ME |
| Operations jurisdiction | ME |
| Governing body | Government of Montenegro |
| General nature | |
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | Podgorica, 22 Svetog Petra Cetinjskog Boulevard |
| Sworn members | 4,077 |
| Unsworn members | 205 |
| Minister responsible |
|
| Agency executive |
|
| Facilities | |
| Regional Police Units | 8 |
| Website | |
| www | |
Law enforcement in Montenegro is primarily the responsibility of the Police Directorate (Uprava Policije).
Organization
All units of the Police Directorate report to the Police Director. Police Directorate of Montenegro is a law enforcement agency under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Interior. Ministry maintains direct control over internal affairs, issuance of personal documents for Montenegrin citizens (ID, drivers licence and passport), emergency situations management, human resources, financial and budgetary management of Police Directorate. Thus, regarding law enforcement matters, the role of the Minister of the Interior is supervisory, and he has no operational authority over police officers.
National level
On a national level, Police Directorate organized into 5 departments, which are main operational units of police, each headed by Deputy Police Director, while 3 sections and 4 units serve in a support and administrative tasks:
- General Authority Police Department
- Criminal Investigations Police Department
- Border Police Department
- Special Purpose Police Department
- Financial Intelligence Department
In addition to police departments, there are seven additional organizational units, for support and administrative tasks on a national level:
- International Police Cooperation and Public Relations Section
- Analytics and Police Activities Development Section
- Forensic Center
- Telecommunication and Electronics Section
- Information Security and Data Processing Center
- Human Resources and Legal Affairs Unit
- Financial, General and Auxiliary Affairs Unit
Territorial units
For direct execution of law enforcement tasks on the territory of Montenegro, 8 Regional Police Units (Područne Jedinice Policije) exist:
- Podgorica Regional Police Unit (with Police Outposts in Tuzi, Danilovgrad, Cetinje and Kolašin)
- Nikšić Regional Police Unit (with Police Outposts in Plužine and Šavnik)
- Bar Regional Police Unit (with Police Outpost in Ulcinj)
- Herceg Novi Regional Police Unit (with Police Outposts in Kotor and Tivat)
- Berane Regional Police Unit (with Police Outposts in Rožaje, Plav, Gusinje, Petnjica and Andrijevica)
- Bijelo Polje Regional Police Unit (with Police Outpost in Mojkovac)
- Pljevlja Regional Police Unit (with Police Outpost in Žabljak)
- Budva Regional Police Unit
Police of Montenegro is legally governed by Law on Internal Affairs of Montenegro (Zakon o unutrašnjim poslovima). In criminal matters, Police is also bound to adhere to Criminal procedure law of Montenegro (Zakonik o krivičnom postupku), and its officers are required to conduct criminal investigations per instructions of Montenegrin public prosecutors.
Resources and equipment
The Police Directorate has 4,282 employees in 2020:
- 4,077 sworn police officers
- 2,935 Police Officers
- 131 Police Sergeants
- 953 Police Inspectors
- 58 Police Advisors
- 205 administrative and support personnel
Public law and order officer on duty is usually equipped with a side gun (usually a Glock 17, CZ 99 are phased out), a pair of handcuffs, a police baton, and a Motorola TETRA MTP 850 S radio communication device.
The Police Directorate operates a fleet of road vehicles, numbering 470 in 2016. Standard patrol car is a white Opel Astra J saloon, although various other vehicles are also operating, notably Dacia Dusters as Border police patrol cars. Special police units are usually seen in Land Rover Defender off-road vehicles and BOV-M armoured vehicles.
Police Headquarters building is located on 22 Svetog Petra Cetinjskog Boulevard, in central Podgorica. It was erected in 2010 and has 9,360 m2 (100,800 sq ft) of office space, and also houses Podgorica Regional Police Unit. In Podgorica, aside from the new headquarters building, Police of Montenegro uses the old Ministry of the Interior building (located next to the new one), the "limenka" ("the can") building, logistics complex in Zagorič suburb and Special Units training camp in Zlatica suburb.
The Police Academy is located in Danilovgrad, and provides both basic police education, and professional and specialized training. Forensic Center is also located in Danilovgrad.
Aviation Unit
Montenegro's Civil Police Aviation Unit forms part of the Montenegro Government Aviation Unit, and purchased its first aircraft in 1972, with three more SA341 Gazelles transferred from the military air force in the 1990s.[1] Aviation unit also operates two Augusta-Bell AB412. All helicopters are based at Golubovci Airport, Podgorica.[2]
Police Directors
- Veselin Veljović (October 2005 - December 2011)
- Božidar Vuksanović (December 2011 - February 2013, acting director)
- Slavko Stojanović (February 2013 - March 2018)
- Vesko Damjanović (March 2018 - July 2018, acting director)
- Veselin Veljović (July 2018 – December 2020)
- Vesko Damjanović (December 2020 – February 2021, acting director)
- Zoran Brđanin (February 2021 – March 2023)
- Nikola Terzić (March 2023 - December 2023, acting director)
- Zoran Brđanin (December 2023 – March 2024)
- Aleksandar Radović (March 2024 - present, acting director)
Ranks
Officers
| Police Executive | Police Inspectors | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Montenegro
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Direktor policije | Pomoćnik direktora policije |
Glavni policijski inspektor |
Viši policijski inspektor I klase |
Viši policijski inspektor |
Samostalni policijski inspektor |
Policijski inspektor I klase |
Policijski inspektor | Mlađi policijski inspektor | |
| Police Director | Deputy Police Director |
Chief Police Inspector |
Senior Police Inspector I class |
Senior Police Inspector |
Independent Police Inspector |
Police Inspector I class |
Police Inspector | Junior Police Inspector | |
Enlisted
| Police Sergeants | Police Officers | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montenegro
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Stariji policijski narednik I klase |
Stariji policijski narednik |
Policijski narednik | Stariji policajac I klase |
Stariji policajac | Policajac | |
| Senior Police Sergeant I class |
Senior Police Sergeant |
Police Sergeant | Senior Police Officer I class |
Senior Police Officer |
Police Officer | |
Controversies
In June 2023, the anti-torture committee of the Council of Europe urged Montenegro to investigate police brutality Europol published a report on 23 March 2022 that included photos of police officers torturing prisoners.[3][4] The report cited various instances of alleged mistreatment of prisoners ranging from slaps, kicks and punches to the head to falaka, genital torture, electrical shocks, asphyxiation as well as threats of rape and threats against the children and other family members of prisoners. In response, the Montenegrin Government has expressed willingness to follow the recommendations brought forward by the Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT).[5][6][7]
See also
Notes
- ^ Aeroflight Montenegro Police profile Archived 2007-03-19 at the Wayback Machine retrieved on May 19, 2007
- ^ International Air Power Review Vol.9 p. 90-91
- ^ Kajosevic, Samir (22 June 2023). "CoE Report Urges Montenegro to Investigate Police Brutality". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ Kajosevic, Samir (24 March 2023). "Montenegro Urged to Probe Photos of Police Brutality, Gang Links". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ "Council of Europe anti-torture Committee (CPT) publishes report on its 2022 ad hoc visit to Montenegro - CPT - www.coe.int". CPT. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ "Report". coe.int. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- ^ "Response". coe.int. Retrieved 12 March 2024.