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{{Short description|First-level administrative division of the Ottoman Empire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
{{Infobox former subdivision
| native_name = {{lang|ota|ولايت طربزون}}<br>''Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn
| native_name = {{lang|ota|ولايت طربزون}}<br>''Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn<br>{{lang|fr|Vilayet de Trébizonde}}
| common_name = Trebizond Vilayet
| common_name = Trebizond Vilayet
| subdivision = [[Vilayet]]
| subdivision = [[Vilayet]]
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| year_start = 1867
| year_start = 1867
| year_end = 1922
| year_end = 1922
| date_start =
| date_end =
| event_start = [[Vilayet Law]]
| event_start = [[Vilayet Law]]
| event_end =
| p1 = Trebizond Eyalet
| p1 = Trebizond Eyalet
| flag_p1 =
| s1 = Giresun Province
| s1 = Giresun Province
| flag_s1 = Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
| flag_s1 = Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
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| s7 = Kutais Governorate
| s7 = Kutais Governorate
| flag_s7 = Flag of Russia.svg
| flag_s7 = Flag of Russia.svg
| image_flag =
| flag_type =
| image_coat =
| image_map = CUINET(1890) 1.036 Vilayet of Trebizond.jpg
| image_map = CUINET(1890) 1.036 Vilayet of Trebizond.jpg
| image_map_caption = The Trebizond Vilayet in 1890
| image_map_caption = The Trebizond Vilayet in 1890
| capital = [[Trabzon]]<ref name="geodict">{{Google books|cVQDZFM1T2IC|page=1854|Geographical Dictionary of the World}}</ref>
| capital = [[Trabizond]]<ref name="geodict">{{Google books|cVQDZFM1T2IC|page=1854|Geographical Dictionary of the World}}</ref>
| today = [[Turkey]]<br>[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
| today = [[Turkey]]<br>[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
| stat_year1 = Muslim, 1914<ref name="1914-census">{{cite web|url=http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_1_Ermeni_Sorunu/konular/ermeni_faaliyetleri_pdf/Arsiv_Belgeleriyle_Ermeni_Faaliyetleri_Cilt_1.pdf |title=1914 Census Statistics |publisher=[[Turkish General Staff]] |pages=605–606 |access-date=29 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007185405/http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_1_Ermeni_Sorunu/konular/ermeni_faaliyetleri_pdf/Arsiv_Belgeleriyle_Ermeni_Faaliyetleri_Cilt_1.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2011 }}</ref>
| stat_year1 = Muslim, 1914<ref name="1914-census">{{cite web|url=http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_1_Ermeni_Sorunu/konular/ermeni_faaliyetleri_pdf/Arsiv_Belgeleriyle_Ermeni_Faaliyetleri_Cilt_1.pdf |title=1914 Census Statistics |publisher=[[Turkish General Staff]] |pages=605–606 |access-date=29 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007185405/http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_1_Ermeni_Sorunu/konular/ermeni_faaliyetleri_pdf/Arsiv_Belgeleriyle_Ermeni_Faaliyetleri_Cilt_1.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2011 }}</ref>
| footnotes =
}}
}}

The '''Vilayet of Trebizond'''<ref name="geodict"/> or '''Trabzon''' ({{lang|ota|ولايت طربزون}}, {{lang-tr|Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn}}, {{lang-fr|Vilayet de Trébizonde}}<!--French has relevance! See [[Languages of the Ottoman Empire]] which cites Johann Strauss-->) was a first-level administrative division ([[vilayet]]) in the north-eastern part of the [[Ottoman Empire]] and corresponding to the area along the eastern [[Black Sea]] coastline and the interior highland region of the [[Pontic Alps]].
The '''Vilayet of Trebizond''' ({{lang-ota|ولايت طربزون|Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn}}; {{lang-fr|Vilayet de Trébizonde}}<!--French has relevance! See [[Languages of the Ottoman Empire]] which cites Johann Strauss-->) was a first-level administrative division (''[[vilayet]]'') in the north-eastern part of the [[Ottoman Empire]], corresponding to the area along the eastern [[Black Sea]] coastline and the interior highland region of the [[Pontic Alps]].<ref name="geodict"/>


At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of {{convert|12082|sqmi|km2}}, while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,047,700.<ref name="asia">[https://archive.org/stream/asiakeane00kean#page/459/mode/1up Asia] by [[A. H. Keane]], page 459</ref> The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.<ref name="asia"/>
At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of {{convert|12082|sqmi|km2}}, while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,047,700.<ref name="asia">[https://archive.org/stream/asiakeane00kean#page/459/mode/1up Asia] by [[A. H. Keane]], page 459</ref> The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.<ref name="asia"/>
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== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
⚫
The Sanjak of Trabzon of had a Muslim majority since the 16th century. Western estimates given in the 19th century about the City of Trabzon estimate a Turkish majority.<ref>{{cite book|year=2009|last=Lowry|first=Heath|title=Islamization and Turkification of City of Trabzon|url=https://www.academia.edu/9464425/Islamization_and_Turkification_of_City_of_Trabzon_Book_-_ENG}}</ref>


[[file:Trebizond Vilayet — Memalik-i Mahruse-i Shahane-ye Mahsus Mukemmel ve Mufassal Atlas (1907).jpg|thumb|right|x150px|Map of subdivisions of Trebizond Vilayet in 1907]]
⚫
== Census of 1914 ==


⚫
The Sanjak of Trabzon had a Muslim majority since the 16th century. Western estimates given in the 19th century about the City of Trabzon estimate a Turkish majority.<ref>{{cite book|year=2009|last=Lowry|first=Heath|title=Islamization and Turkification of City of Trabzon|url=https://www.academia.edu/9464425}}</ref>

⚫
=== Census of 1914 ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;width:80;text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;width:80;text-align:center;"
! colspan=7; style="background-color:#ccccff;" | Population of the Trabzon Vilayet 1914 <ref>{{cite book|last=Karpat|first=Kemal|title=Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics|year=1985|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9780299091606|page=180-184}}</ref>
! colspan="7;" style="background-color:#ccccff;" | Ethno-religious composition of the districts of the Trabzon vilayet 1914<ref>{{cite book |last=Karpat |first=Kemal |url=https://www.academia.edu/27913581 |title=Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=1985 |isbn=9780299091606 |pages=180–184}}</ref>
|-
|-
| '''Sanjak'''/'''Kaza''' || '''Muslims''' || '''Greek Orthodox''' || '''Armenian''' || '''Jewish'''|| Others|| Total
| '''Sanjak'''/'''Kaza''' || '''Muslims''' || '''Greek Orthodox''' || '''Armenian''' || '''Jewish'''|| Others|| Total
|-
|-
|[[Trabzon]] || 64.726 || 23.806 || 14,846 || 8 || 127 || 104.858
|[[Trabzon]] || 64,726 || 23,806 || 14,846 || 8 || 127 || 104,858
|-
|-
|[[Ordu]] || 111.421 || 18,505 ||12,349 || - || 1.211 ||143.491
|[[Ordu]] || 111,421 || 18,505 ||12,349 || - || 1,211 ||143,491
|-
|-
|[[Of, Turkey|Of]] || 75.050 || 1.819 || - || - || - || 76,869
|[[Of, Turkey|Of]] || 75,050 || 1,819 || - || - || - || 76,869
|-
|-
|[[Akçaabat]] || 56.401 || 6,561 || 3,517 || - || - || 66,479
|[[Akçaabat]] || 56,401 || 6,561 || 3,517 || - || - || 66,479
|-
|-
|[[Tirebolu]] ||48,999 || 10.530 ||868 || - || -|| 60,397
|[[Tirebolu]] ||48,999 || 10,530 ||868 || - || -|| 60,397
|-
|-
| [[Sürmene]] || 57,698 || 9.762 ||323 || -|| - || 67.783
| [[Sürmene]] || 57,698 || 9,762 ||323 || -|| - || 67,783
|-
|-
| [[Giresun]] ||92,301 || 24.138 || 2,275 || - || - || 118.714
| [[Giresun]] ||92,301 || 24,138 || 2,275 || - || - || 118,714
|-
|-
| [[Görele]] || 42,823 || 1,648 || 312|| - || - || 44.783
| [[Görele]] || 42,823 || 1,648 || 312|| - || - || 44,783
|-
|-
| [[Vakfıkebir]]||28.484 || 13||51 || - || - || 28,548
| [[Vakfıkebir]]||28.484 || 13||51 || - || - || 28,548
|-
|-
| [[Maçka]]|| 17,950 || 19,575 ||258 || - ||- || 37.783
| [[Maçka]]|| 17,950 || 19,575 ||258 || - ||- || 37,783
|-
|-
|-align="center"
|- align="center"
|- bgcolor=#ccccff align="center"
|- bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center"
| '''Trabzon Sanjak'''|| '''595,853''' || '''116,357'''|| '''36,149''' || '''8'''|| '''1,338'''||'''749,705'''
| '''Trabzon Sanjak'''|| '''595,853''' || '''116,357'''|| '''36,149''' || '''8'''|| '''1,338'''||'''749,705'''
|-
|-
| Lazistan ([[Rize]]) || 122.055 || 1,507 ||5 || - || - || 123.567
| Lazistan ([[Rize]]) || 122,055 || 1,507 ||5 || - || - || 123,567
|-
|-
| [[Pazar, Rize|Atina]] || 50,297 || 171 || 28|| - || - || 50.496
| [[Pazar, Rize|Atina]] || 50,297 || 171 || 28|| - || - || 50,496
|-
|-
| [[Hopa]] ||38,156 || 44 ||2 || - || - || 38,202
| [[Hopa]] ||38,156 || 44 ||2 || - || - || 38,202
|-
|-
|-align="center"
|- align="center"
|
|
|- bgcolor=#ccccff align="center"
|- bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center"
| '''Lazistan sanjak'''|| '''210,508''' ||'''1,722''' ||'''35''' ||-||- ||'''212,265'''
| '''Lazistan sanjak'''|| '''210,508''' ||'''1,722''' ||'''35''' ||-||- ||'''212,265'''
|-
|-
| [[Gümüşhane]] || 29,639 || 9.179 || 1,817 || - || - || 40,635
| [[Gümüşhane]] || 29,639 || 9,179 || 1,817 || - || - || 40,635
|-
|-
|[[Şiran]] || 29.686 || 30.547 || 24 || -|| - || 60,257
|[[Şiran]] || 29,686 || 30,547 || 24 || -|| - || 60,257
|-
|-
| [[Torul]] ||22,312 || 3.155 || 392 || - || - || 25,859
| [[Torul]] ||22,312 || 3,155 || 392 || - || - || 25,859
|-
|-
| [[Kelkit]] || 33.130 || 614 ||482 || - || - || 34.226
| [[Kelkit]] || 33,130 || 614 ||482 || - || - || 34,226
|-
|-
|-align="center"
|- align="center"
|- bgcolor=#ccccff align="center"
|- bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center"
| '''Gümüşhane sanjak''' || '''114,767'''||'''43,495'''||'''2,715'''||-|| -||'''160,977'''
| '''Gümüşhane sanjak''' || '''114,767'''||'''43,495'''||'''2,715'''||-|| -||'''160,977'''
|-
|-
| Canik ([[Samsun]]) ||44,992 || 54,709 || 4,791 ||18 || 533 || 105,044
| Canik ([[Samsun]]) ||44,992 || 54,709 || 4,791 ||18 || 533 || 105,044
|-
|-
| [[Ünye]] || 58.351 || 5,251 || 5.861 || 9|| - || 69,472
| [[Ünye]] || 58,351 || 5,251 || 5,861 || 9|| - || 69,472
|-
|-
| [[Bafra]] ||48,944 || 30.838 || 1,735|| || - || 81,517
| [[Bafra]] ||48,944 || 30.838 || 1,735|| || - || 81,517
|-
|-
| [[Fatsa]] || 35,678 || 3,026 || 1,250 || - || 385 || 40,339
| [[Fatsa]] || 35,678 || 3,026 || 1,250 || - || 385 || 40,339
|-
|-
| [[Çarşamba]] || 54,353 || 3,948 ||10,820 || - || 609 ||69,730
| [[Çarşamba]] || 54,353 || 3,948 ||10,820 || - || 609 ||69,730
|-
|-
| [[Terme]] || 23,632||967 || 2,601 || - || - || 27,200
| [[Terme]] || 23,632||967 || 2,601 || - || - || 27,200
|-
|-
|-align="center"
|- align="center"
|- bgcolor=#ccccff align="center"
|- bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center"
| '''Canik sanjak''' ||'''265,950''' ||'''98,739'''|| '''27,319'''||'''27''' ||'''1,267''' ||'''393,302'''
| '''Canik sanjak''' ||'''265,950''' ||'''98,739'''|| '''27,319'''||'''27''' ||'''1,267''' ||'''393,302'''
|-
|-
|-align="center"
|- align="center"
|- bgcolor=#ffbbff align="center"
|- bgcolor="#ffbbff" align="center"
| '''Total''' || '''1,187,078'''|| '''260,313'''|| '''66,218'''|| '''35'''||'''2,605'''||'''1,516,249'''
| '''Total''' || '''1,187,078'''|| '''260,313'''|| '''66,218'''|| '''35'''||'''2,605'''||'''1,516,249'''
|-
|-
| colspan=7 | Not: Of the Armenians are 64,607 Gregorian, 1,611 Catholic.
| colspan="7" | Note: Included in the 66,218 Armenians are 64,607 Apostolics and 1,611 Catholics.
|}
|}



==Administrative divisions==
==Administrative divisions==
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==References==
==References==
⚫
{{commons category|Vilayet of Trebizond}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
⚫
{{commons category|Vilayet of Trebizond|position=left}}


{{Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire|expanded = Vilayets}}
{{Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire|expanded = Vilayets}}
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[[Category:History of Samsun Province]]
[[Category:History of Samsun Province]]
[[Category:History of Trabzon Province]]
[[Category:History of Trabzon Province]]
[[Category:History of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:1867 establishments in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1867 establishments in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1922 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1922 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire]]

Revision as of 16:27, 1 August 2024

ولايت طربزون
Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn
Vilayet de Trébizonde
Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire
1867–1922

The Trebizond Vilayet in 1890
CapitalTrabizond[1]
History 
1867
• Disestablished
1922
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Trebizond Eyalet
Giresun Province
Gümüşhane Province
Ordu Province
Rize Province
Samsun Province
Trabzon Province
Kutais Governorate
Today part ofTurkey
Georgia

The Vilayet of Trebizond (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت طربزون, romanized: Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn; French: Vilayet de Trébizonde) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) in the north-eastern part of the Ottoman Empire, corresponding to the area along the eastern Black Sea coastline and the interior highland region of the Pontic Alps.[1]

At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 12,082 square miles (31,290 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,047,700.[3] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.[3]

After the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878, the sanjak of Lazistan was established.[4] Rize became the center of the district due to the cession of Batumi, the former centre of the sanjak, to Russia with kaza of Artvin. The salname of the year 1344h/1904-1905 mentioned several Armenian pharmacists.[5] The Vilayet also counted with a considerable Greek population.[6]

During World War I eastern half of vilayet (Kazas of Görele, Vakfıkebir, Akçaabat, Trabzon, Of and Maçka with sanjaks of Lazistan and Gümüşhane) was occupied by Russian troops by summer 1916. It was retaken by Ottomans in 1918.

Demographics

Map of subdivisions of Trebizond Vilayet in 1907

The Sanjak of Trabzon had a Muslim majority since the 16th century. Western estimates given in the 19th century about the City of Trabzon estimate a Turkish majority.[7]

Census of 1914

Ethno-religious composition of the districts of the Trabzon vilayet 1914[8]
Sanjak/Kaza Muslims Greek Orthodox Armenian Jewish Others Total
Trabzon 64,726 23,806 14,846 8 127 104,858
Ordu 111,421 18,505 12,349 - 1,211 143,491
Of 75,050 1,819 - - - 76,869
Akçaabat 56,401 6,561 3,517 - - 66,479
Tirebolu 48,999 10,530 868 - - 60,397
Sürmene 57,698 9,762 323 - - 67,783
Giresun 92,301 24,138 2,275 - - 118,714
Görele 42,823 1,648 312 - - 44,783
Vakfıkebir 28.484 13 51 - - 28,548
Maçka 17,950 19,575 258 - - 37,783
Trabzon Sanjak 595,853 116,357 36,149 8 1,338 749,705
Lazistan (Rize) 122,055 1,507 5 - - 123,567
Atina 50,297 171 28 - - 50,496
Hopa 38,156 44 2 - - 38,202
Lazistan sanjak 210,508 1,722 35 - - 212,265
Gümüşhane 29,639 9,179 1,817 - - 40,635
Şiran 29,686 30,547 24 - - 60,257
Torul 22,312 3,155 392 - - 25,859
Kelkit 33,130 614 482 - - 34,226
Gümüşhane sanjak 114,767 43,495 2,715 - - 160,977
Canik (Samsun) 44,992 54,709 4,791 18 533 105,044
Ünye 58,351 5,251 5,861 9 - 69,472
Bafra 48,944 30.838 1,735 - 81,517
Fatsa 35,678 3,026 1,250 - 385 40,339
Çarşamba 54,353 3,948 10,820 - 609 69,730
Terme 23,632 967 2,601 - - 27,200
Canik sanjak 265,950 98,739 27,319 27 1,267 393,302
Total 1,187,078 260,313 66,218 35 2,605 1,516,249
Note: Included in the 66,218 Armenians are 64,607 Apostolics and 1,611 Catholics.

Administrative divisions

The vilayet included three sanjaks (four after 1889)[9] and 22 kazas.[10] Sanjaks of the Vilayet:

  1. Trabzon Sanjak (Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Tirebolu, Görele, Vakfıkebir, Sürmene, Of, Akçaabat, Maçka)
  2. Gümüşhane Sanjak (Gümüşhane, Kelkit, Şiran, Torul)
  3. Lazistan Sanjak (Its center was Batumi at first until 1878, later Rize after 1878) (Rize, Atina, Artvin; Sometimes included Of as well)
  4. Canik Sanjak (Its center was Samsun after 1889) (Samsun, Bafra, Ünye, Fatsa, Çarşamba, Terme)

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vilayet of Trebizond.
  1. ^ a b Geographical Dictionary of the World, p. 1854, at Google Books
  2. ^ "1914 Census Statistics" (PDF). Turkish General Staff. pp. 605–606. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  3. ^ a b Asia by A. H. Keane, page 459
  4. ^ Gündüz Ali, Hemşinliler, Dil-Tarih-Kültür, Ardanuj Kültür Yardımlaşma Derneği, Yayın No: 2, Ankara, 2002, s. 61.
  5. ^ Krikorian, Mesrob K. (1 January 1977). Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire, 1860-1908. Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 48. ISBN 9781138492073.
  6. ^ Krikorian, Mesrob K. (1 January 1977), p. 49
  7. ^ Lowry, Heath (2009). Islamization and Turkification of City of Trabzon.
  8. ^ Karpat, Kemal (1985). Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 180–184. ISBN 9780299091606.
  9. ^ Yurt Ansiklopedisi, Rize, s. 6365.
  10. ^ Yüksel A., Doğu Karadeniz Araştırmaları, Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2005, s.


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