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{{redirect|Supreme Soviets|the real-world political term|Supreme Soviet}}
{{short description|Fictional comic book group}}
{{short description|Fictional comic book group}}
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{{redirect|Supreme Soviets|the real-world political term|Supreme Soviet}}
{{notability|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox comics organization <!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Comics-->
{{Infobox comics organization <!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Comics-->
| image = MS_05182005_0025.jpg
| image = Soviet Super Soldiers 1 Cover.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| caption = ''Soviet Super Soldiers'' #1 (November 1992)<br> Cover art by [[Angel Medina (comics)|Angel Medina]] and Jeff Albrecht
| caption = ''Soviet Super Soldiers'' #1 (November 1992)<br> Cover art by [[Angel Medina (comics)|Angel Medina]] and Jeff Albrecht
| publisher = [[Marvel Comics]]
| publisher = [[Marvel Comics]]
| debut = ''[[The Incredible Hulk (comic book)|The Incredible Hulk]]'' #258 (April 1981)
| debut = ''[[The Incredible Hulk (comic book)|The Incredible Hulk]]'' vol. 2 #258 (April 1981)
| creators = [[Bill Mantlo]]<br>[[Sal Buscema]]
| creators = [[Bill Mantlo]]<br>[[Sal Buscema]]
| base =
| base =
| members = {{List collapsed|[[Blind Faith (comics)|Blind Faith]]<br>[[Dmitri Bukharin|Crimson Dynamo]]<br>[[Darkstar (Marvel Comics)|Darkstar]]<br>[[Devastator (comics)#Devastator|Devastator]]<br>[[Fantasia (comics)|Fantasia]]<br>[[Gremlin (comics)|Gremlin]]<br>[[Perun (comics)|Perun]]<br>[[Red Guardian]]<br>[[Sibercat]]<br>[[Sputnik (comics)|Sputnik]]<br>[[Stencil (comics)|Stencil]]<br>[[Ursa Major (comics)|Ursa Major]]<br>[[Vanguard (Marvel Comics)|Vanguard]]}}
| members = {{Collapsible list|[[Blind Faith (comics)|Blind Faith]]<br>[[Dmitri Bukharin|Crimson Dynamo]]<br>[[Darkstar (Marvel Comics)|Darkstar]]<br>[[Devastator (comics)|Devastator]]<br>[[Fantasia (comics)|Fantasia]]<br>[[Gremlin (comics)|Gremlin]]<br>[[Perun (comics)|Perun]]<br>[[Red Guardian]]<br>[[Sibercat]]<br>[[Sputnik (comics)|Sputnik]]<br>[[Stencil (comics)|Stencil]]<br>[[Ursa Major (character)|Ursa Major]]<br>[[Vanguard (Marvel Comics)|Vanguard]]}}
| subcat = Marvel Comics
| subcat = Marvel Comics
| hero = y
| hero = y
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}}
}}


The '''Soviet Super-Soldiers''' are a fictional team of [[super heroes]] appearing in [[American comic book]]s published by [[Marvel Comics]]. The team first appeared in ''[[The Incredible Hulk (comic book)|The Incredible Hulk]]'' vol. 2 #258 (April 1981).<ref name="DeFalco">{{cite book|last = DeFalco|first = Tom|author-link = Tom DeFalco|last2= Gilbert|first2= Laura, ed.|chapter= 1980s|title = Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History|publisher = [[Dorling Kindersley]]|date = 2008|location= London, United Kingdom|page = 201|isbn =978-0756641238|quote= The Soviet Super-Soldiers, the Russian equivalent of the Avengers, were a team of super-powered individuals assembled by the Soviet government in this issue by writer Bill Mantlo and artist Sal Buscema.}}</ref> The team's storylines are a reflection of the American public's understanding of US/Soviet relations during the [[Cold War]] era.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Donovan |first1=John |editor1-last=Chambliss |editor1-first=Julian C. |editor2-last=Svitavsky |editor2-first=William |editor3-last=Donaldson |editor3-first=Thomas |title=Ages of Heroes, Eras of Men: Superheroes and the American Experience |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=1-4438-4803-4 |pages=79–80 |chapter=Cold War in Comics: Clobberin' Commies and Promoting Nationalism in American Comics}}</ref>
The '''Soviet Super-Soldiers''' ({{lang-ru|Советкие Суперсолдаты|Sovetskiye Supersoldaty}}) are a fictional team of [[super heroes]] appearing in [[American comic book]]s published by [[Marvel Comics]]. The team first appeared in ''[[The Incredible Hulk (comic book)|The Incredible Hulk]]'' vol. 2 #258 (April 1981).<ref name="DeFalco">{{cite book|last = DeFalco|first = Tom|author-link = Tom DeFalco|last2= Gilbert|first2= Laura|chapter= 1980s|title = Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History|publisher = [[Dorling Kindersley]]|date = 2008|location= London, United Kingdom|page = 201|isbn =978-0756641238|quote= The Soviet Super-Soldiers, the Russian equivalent of the Avengers, were a team of super-powered individuals assembled by the Soviet government in this issue by writer Bill Mantlo and artist Sal Buscema.}}</ref> The team's storylines are a reflection of the American public's understanding of US/Soviet relations during the [[Cold War]] era.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Donovan |first1=John |editor1-last=Chambliss |editor1-first=Julian C. |editor2-last=Svitavsky |editor2-first=William |editor3-last=Donaldson |editor3-first=Thomas |title=Ages of Heroes, Eras of Men: Superheroes and the American Experience |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=1-4438-4803-4 |pages=79–80 |chapter=Cold War in Comics: Clobberin' Commies and Promoting Nationalism in American Comics}}</ref>


== Fictional team history ==
== Fictional team history ==
The Soviet Super-Soldiers were a superteam that was brought together by the Soviet government of Russia to be the counterpart of American teams such as the [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]] and the [[Fantastic Four]].<ref name="DeFalco" /> [[Professor Phobos]] founded this government program to locate and train superhuman beings in service of the state.<ref name="Hulk259">{{cite comic| writer= [[Bill Mantlo|Mantlo, Bill]]|penciller= [[Sal Buscema|Buscema, Sal]]|inker= Buscema, Sal; [[Al Milgrom|Milgrom, Al]]|story= The Family That Dies Together...!|title= [[The Incredible Hulk (comic book)|The Incredible Hulk]]|volume= 2|issue= 259|date= May 1981}}</ref> The school's first student was [[Ursa Major (comics)|Mikhail Ursus]], who became known as Ursa Major. He was soon followed by siblings [[Darkstar (Marvel Comics)|Laynia Petrovna]] and [[Vanguard (Marvel Comics)|Nikolai Krylenko]], who became known as Darkstar and Vanguard, respectively. These three [[Mutant (Marvel Comics)|mutants]] joined with [[Dmitri Bukharin]], the fifth [[Crimson Dynamo]], to form the initial lineup of the Soviet Super-Soldiers.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Mantlo, Bill|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= Buscema, Sal|story= To Hunt the Hulk!|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 258|date= April 1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last =Rovin |first =Jeff |title =The Encyclopedia of Supervillains |publisher =Facts on File |date =1987 |location =New York |isbn = 0-8160-1356-X |pages=402–403}}</ref>
The Soviet Super-Soldiers were a superteam that was brought together by the Soviet government of Russia to be the counterpart of American teams such as the [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]] and the [[Fantastic Four]].<ref name="DeFalco" /> [[Professor Phobos]] founded this government program to locate and train superhuman beings in service of the state.<ref name="Hulk259">{{cite comic| writer= [[Bill Mantlo|Mantlo, Bill]]|penciller= [[Sal Buscema|Buscema, Sal]]|inker= Buscema, Sal; [[Al Milgrom|Milgrom, Al]]|story= The Family That Dies Together...!|title= [[The Incredible Hulk (comic book)|The Incredible Hulk]]|volume= 2|issue= #259|date= May 1981}}</ref> The school's first student was [[Ursa Major (comics)|Mikhail Ursus]], who became known as Ursa Major. He was soon followed by siblings [[Darkstar (Marvel Comics)|Laynia Petrovna]] and [[Vanguard (Marvel Comics)|Nikolai Krylenko]], who became known as Darkstar and Vanguard, respectively. These three [[Mutant (Marvel Comics)|mutants]] joined with [[Dmitri Bukharin]], the fifth [[Crimson Dynamo]], to form the initial lineup of the Soviet Super-Soldiers.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Mantlo, Bill|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= Buscema, Sal|story= To Hunt the Hulk!|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= #258|date= April 1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Rovin |first=Jeff |title=[[The Encyclopedia of Super-Villains]] |date=1987 |publisher=Facts on File |isbn=0-8160-1356-X |location=New York |pages=402–403 |authorlink=Jeff Rovin}}[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofsu0000rovi_h5r9/page/402/mode/2up]</ref>


The Super-Soldiers played an active role as a pawn in a competition between [[Grandmaster (Marvel Comics)|Grandmaster]] and [[Death (Marvel Comics)|Death]].<ref>{{cite comic|writer= [[Mark Gruenwald|Gruenwald, Mark]]; Mantlo, Bill; [[Steven Grant|Grant, Steven]]|penciller= [[John Romita Jr.|Romita Jr., John]]|inker= [[Pablo Marcos|Marcos, Pablo]]; [[Bob Layton|Layton, Bob]]|story= A Gathering of Heroes!|title= [[Marvel Super Hero Contest of Champions]]|issue= 1|date= June 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic|writer= Gruenwald, Mark; Mantlo, Bill; Grant, Steven|penciller= Romita Jr., John|inker= Marcos, Pablo|story= Chapter 2 First Contest: Frenzy In the Frozen North! Chapter 3 Second Contest: Ghost Town Showdown!|title= Marvel Super Hero Contest of Champions|issue= 2|date= July 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic|writer= Gruenwald, Mark; Mantlo, Bill; Grant, Steven|penciller= Romita Jr., John|inker= Marcos, Pablo|story= Chapter 4 Third Contest: Siege In the City of the Dead! Chapter 5 Fourth Contest: Struggle in the Jungle! Chapter 6 Winner Takes None!|title= Marvel Super Hero Contest of Champions|issue= 3|date= August 1982}}</ref> The Soviet government sent the Super-Soldiers to Khystym to battle the [[Gremlin (comics)|Gremlin]], and then fought [[Rom (comics)|Rom]] and [[Starshine (comics)|Starshine]].<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Mantlo, Bill|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= [[Ian Akin|Akin, Ian]]; [[Brian Garvey (comics)|Garvey, Brian]]|story= Cry, the Mother Country!|title= [[Rom (comics)|Rom]]|issue= 45|date= August 1983}}</ref> Allied with Rom and Starshine, the Soviet Super-Soldiers fought the [[Dire Wraith]]s. The team became allies of the Gremlin, and took over the Dire Wraith base in Khystym as the new Soviet Super-Soldiers headquarters.<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Mantlo, Bill|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= Akin, Ian; Garvey, Brian|story= Bestiary!|title= Rom|issue= 46|date= September 1983}}</ref> The Soviet Super-Soldiers later agreed to bring [[Magneto (Marvel Comics)|Magneto]] to justice. They fought the [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]], and expelled the Crimson Dynamo as he was still loyal to the KGB.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Roger Stern|Stern, Roger]]|penciller= [[Marc Silvestri|Silvestri, Marc]]|inker= [[Josef Rubinstein|Rubinstein, Joe]]|story= Justice For All|title= X-Men vs. the Avengers|issue= 1|date= April 1987}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Stern, Roger|penciller= Silvestri, Marc|inker= Rubinstein, Joe|story= Uneasy Allies|title= X-Men vs. the Avengers|issue= 2|date= May 1987}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Stern, Roger|penciller= Silvestri, Marc|inker= Rubinstein, Joe|story= The Soviets Strike Back!|title= X-Men vs. the Avengers|issue= 3|date= June 1987}}</ref> The Gremlin joined the team for a time while wearing the [[Titanium Man]] armor, but he was killed in action.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[David Michelinie|Michelinie, David]]; [[Bob Layton|Layton, Bob]]|penciller= [[M. D. Bright|Bright, M. D.]]|inker= Layton, Bob|story= Stark Wars Chapter 5: Red Snow|title= [[Iron Man]]|issue= 229|date= April 1988}}</ref>
The Super-Soldiers played an active role as a pawn in a competition between [[Grandmaster (Marvel Comics)|Grandmaster]] and [[Death (Marvel Comics)|Death]].<ref>{{cite comic|writer= [[Mark Gruenwald|Gruenwald, Mark]]; Mantlo, Bill; [[Steven Grant|Grant, Steven]]|penciller= [[John Romita Jr.|Romita, John Jr.]]|inker= [[Pablo Marcos|Marcos, Pablo]]; [[Bob Layton|Layton, Bob]]|story= A Gathering of Heroes!|title= [[Marvel Super Hero Contest of Champions]]|issue= #1|date= June 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic|writer= Gruenwald, Mark; Mantlo, Bill; Grant, Steven|penciller= Romita, John Jr.|inker= Marcos, Pablo|story= Chapter 2 First Contest: Frenzy In the Frozen North! Chapter 3 Second Contest: Ghost Town Showdown!|title= Marvel Super Hero Contest of Champions|issue= #2|date= July 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic|writer= Gruenwald, Mark; Mantlo, Bill; Grant, Steven|penciller= Romita, John Jr.|inker= Marcos, Pablo|story= Chapter 4 Third Contest: Siege In the City of the Dead! Chapter 5 Fourth Contest: Struggle in the Jungle! Chapter 6 Winner Takes None!|title= Marvel Super Hero Contest of Champions|issue= #3|date= Aug. 1982}}</ref> The Soviet government sent the Super-Soldiers to Khystym to battle the [[Gremlin (comics)|Gremlin]], and then fought [[Rom (comics)|Rom]] and [[Starshine (comics)|Starshine]].<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Mantlo, Bill|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= [[Ian Akin|Akin, Ian]]; [[Brian Garvey (comics)|Garvey, Brian]]|story= Cry, the Mother Country!|title= [[Rom (comics)|Rom]]|issue= #45|date= Aug. 1983}}</ref> Allied with Rom and Starshine, the Soviet Super-Soldiers fought the [[Dire Wraith]]s. The team became allies of the Gremlin, and took over the Dire Wraith base in Khystym as the new Soviet Super-Soldiers headquarters.<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Mantlo, Bill|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= Akin, Ian; Garvey, Brian|story= Bestiary!|title= Rom|issue= #46|date= Sept. 1983}}</ref> The Soviet Super-Soldiers later agreed to bring [[Magneto (Marvel Comics)|Magneto]] to justice. They fought the [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]], and expelled the Crimson Dynamo as he was still loyal to the KGB.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Roger Stern|Stern, Roger]]|penciller= [[Marc Silvestri|Silvestri, Marc]]|inker= [[Josef Rubinstein|Rubinstein, Joe]]|story= Justice For All|title= X-Men vs. the Avengers|issue= #1|date= April 1987}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Stern, Roger|penciller= Silvestri, Marc|inker= Rubinstein, Joe|story= Uneasy Allies|title= X-Men vs. the Avengers|issue= #2|date= May 1987}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Stern, Roger|penciller= Silvestri, Marc|inker= Rubinstein, Joe|story= The Soviets Strike Back!|title= X-Men vs. the Avengers|issue= #3|date= June 1987}}</ref> The Gremlin joined the team for a time while wearing the [[Titanium Man]] armor, but he was killed in action by (Tony Stark) [[Iron Man (comic book)|Iron Man]].<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[David Michelinie|Michelinie, David]]; [[Bob Layton|Layton, Bob]]|penciller= [[M. D. Bright|Bright, M. D.]]|inker= Layton, Bob|story= Stark Wars Chapter 5: Red Snow|title= [[Iron Man]]|issue= #229|date= April 1988}}</ref>


The three mutants Vanguard, Darkstar, and Ursa Major later decided to sever their ties with the Soviet government, and arrived at [[Hydro-Base|Avengers Island]], and asked [[Captain America]] to help them seek political asylum in America. However, the three were beaten nearly to death, captured and returned to the Soviet states by the government-sponsored [[Supreme Soviets]], who had been joined by the Crimson Dynamo.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Gruenwald, Mark|penciller= [[Kieron Dwyer|Dwyer, Kieron]]; Milgrom, Al|inker= Milgrom, Al|story= Refuge|title= [[Captain America]]|issue= 352|date= April 1989}}</ref> The comatose subconscious minds of the injured Vanguard, Darkstar, and Ursa Major formed a "Great Beast" that attempted to drain the life energies of the Supreme Soviets. Captain America stopped the Beast, and Vanguard, Darkstar, and Ursa Major regained consciousness and began recovery from their injuries.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Gruenwald, Mark|penciller= Dwyer, Kieron; Milgrom, Al|inker= Milgrom, Al|story= The Great Bear|title= Captain America|issue= 353|date= May 1989}}</ref>
The three mutants Vanguard, Darkstar, and Ursa Major later decided to sever their ties with the Soviet government, and arrived at [[Hydro-Base|Avengers Island]], and asked [[Captain America]] to help them seek political asylum in America. However, the three were beaten nearly to death, captured and returned to the Soviet states by the government-sponsored [[Supreme Soviets]], who had been joined by the Crimson Dynamo.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Gruenwald, Mark|penciller= [[Kieron Dwyer|Dwyer, Kieron]]; Milgrom, Al|inker= Milgrom, Al|story= Refuge|title= [[Captain America]]|issue= #352|date= April 1989}}</ref> The comatose subconscious minds of the injured Vanguard, Darkstar, and Ursa Major formed a "Great Beast" that attempted to drain the life energies of the Supreme Soviets. Captain America stopped the Beast, and Vanguard, Darkstar, and Ursa Major regained consciousness and began recovering from their injuries.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Gruenwald, Mark|penciller= Dwyer, Kieron; Milgrom, Al|inker= Milgrom, Al|story= The Great Bear|title= Captain America|issue= #353|date= May 1989}}</ref>


Eventually, the team took on new members [[Blind Faith (comics)|Blind Faith]], [[Stencil (comics)|Stencil]], and [[Sibercat]], and added former members of the [[Supreme Soviets]]: the third [[Red Guardian]], [[Fantasia (comics)|Fantasia]], [[Perun (comics)|Perun]], and [[Sputnik (comics)|Sputnik]], and the returning Crimson Dynamo.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Fabian Nicieza|Nicieza, Fabian]]|penciller= [[Angel Medina (artist)|Medina, Angel]]; [[Javier Saltares|Saltares, Javier]]|inker= [[Jeff Albrecht|Albrecht, Jeff]]|story= The Red Triangle Agenda|title= Soviet Super Soldiers|issue= 1|date= November 1992}}</ref> This team became known as the [[Winter Guard]] not long afterwards.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Kurt Busiek|Busiek, Kurt]]|penciller= [[Sean Chen (artist)|Chen, Sean]]|inker= [[Eric Cannon|Cannon, Eric]]; [[Sean Parsons|Parsons, Sean]]|story= Field of Honor|title= Iron Man|volume= 3|issue= 9|date= October 1998}}</ref>
Eventually, the team took on new members [[Blind Faith (comics)|Blind Faith]], [[Stencil (comics)|Stencil]], [[Sibercat]] and added former members of the [[Supreme Soviets]]: the third [[Red Guardian]], [[Fantasia (comics)|Fantasia]], [[Perun (comics)|Perun]], [[Sputnik (comics)|Sputnik]] and the returning Crimson Dynamo.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Fabian Nicieza|Nicieza, Fabian]]|penciller= [[Angel Medina (artist)|Medina, Angel]]; Saltares, Javier|inker= Albrecht, Jeff|story= The Red Triangle Agenda|title= Soviet Super Soldiers|issue= #1|date= November 1992}}</ref> This team became known as the [[Winter Guard]] not long afterwards.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Kurt Busiek|Busiek, Kurt]]|penciller= [[Sean Chen (artist)|Chen, Sean]]|inker= Cannon, Eric; Parsons, Sean|story= Field of Honor|title= Iron Man|volume= 3|issue= #9|date= Oct. 1998}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 08:38, 3 August 2024

"Supreme Soviets" redirects here. For the real-world political term, see Supreme Soviet.
Soviet Super-Soldiers
Soviet Super Soldiers #1 (November 1992)
Cover art by Angel Medina and Jeff Albrecht
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearanceThe Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #258 (April 1981)
Created byBill Mantlo
Sal Buscema
In-story information
Member(s)
List

The Soviet Super-Soldiers (Template:Lang-ru) are a fictional team of super heroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team first appeared in The Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #258 (April 1981).[1] The team's storylines are a reflection of the American public's understanding of US/Soviet relations during the Cold War era.[2]

Fictional team history

The Soviet Super-Soldiers were a superteam that was brought together by the Soviet government of Russia to be the counterpart of American teams such as the Avengers and the Fantastic Four.[1] Professor Phobos founded this government program to locate and train superhuman beings in service of the state.[3] The school's first student was Mikhail Ursus, who became known as Ursa Major. He was soon followed by siblings Laynia Petrovna and Nikolai Krylenko, who became known as Darkstar and Vanguard, respectively. These three mutants joined with Dmitri Bukharin, the fifth Crimson Dynamo, to form the initial lineup of the Soviet Super-Soldiers.[4][5]

The Super-Soldiers played an active role as a pawn in a competition between Grandmaster and Death.[6][7][8] The Soviet government sent the Super-Soldiers to Khystym to battle the Gremlin, and then fought Rom and Starshine.[9] Allied with Rom and Starshine, the Soviet Super-Soldiers fought the Dire Wraiths. The team became allies of the Gremlin, and took over the Dire Wraith base in Khystym as the new Soviet Super-Soldiers headquarters.[10] The Soviet Super-Soldiers later agreed to bring Magneto to justice. They fought the Avengers, and expelled the Crimson Dynamo as he was still loyal to the KGB.[11][12][13] The Gremlin joined the team for a time while wearing the Titanium Man armor, but he was killed in action by (Tony Stark) Iron Man.[14]

The three mutants Vanguard, Darkstar, and Ursa Major later decided to sever their ties with the Soviet government, and arrived at Avengers Island, and asked Captain America to help them seek political asylum in America. However, the three were beaten nearly to death, captured and returned to the Soviet states by the government-sponsored Supreme Soviets, who had been joined by the Crimson Dynamo.[15] The comatose subconscious minds of the injured Vanguard, Darkstar, and Ursa Major formed a "Great Beast" that attempted to drain the life energies of the Supreme Soviets. Captain America stopped the Beast, and Vanguard, Darkstar, and Ursa Major regained consciousness and began recovering from their injuries.[16]

Eventually, the team took on new members Blind Faith, Stencil, Sibercat and added former members of the Supreme Soviets: the third Red Guardian, Fantasia, Perun, Sputnik and the returning Crimson Dynamo.[17] This team became known as the Winter Guard not long afterwards.[18]

References

  1. ^ a b DeFalco, Tom; Gilbert, Laura (2008). "1980s". Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 201. ISBN 978-0756641238. The Soviet Super-Soldiers, the Russian equivalent of the Avengers, were a team of super-powered individuals assembled by the Soviet government in this issue by writer Bill Mantlo and artist Sal Buscema.
  2. ^ Donovan, John (2013). "Cold War in Comics: Clobberin' Commies and Promoting Nationalism in American Comics". In Chambliss, Julian C.; Svitavsky, William; Donaldson, Thomas (eds.). Ages of Heroes, Eras of Men: Superheroes and the American Experience. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 79–80. ISBN 1-4438-4803-4.
  3. ^ Mantlo, Bill (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Buscema, Sal; Milgrom, Al (i). "The Family That Dies Together...!" The Incredible Hulk, vol. 2, no. 259 (May 1981).
  4. ^ Mantlo, Bill (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Buscema, Sal (i). "To Hunt the Hulk!" The Incredible Hulk, vol. 2, no. 258 (April 1981).
  5. ^ Rovin, Jeff (1987). The Encyclopedia of Super-Villains. New York: Facts on File. pp. 402–403. ISBN 0-8160-1356-X.[1]
  6. ^ Gruenwald, Mark; Mantlo, Bill; Grant, Steven (w), Romita, John Jr. (p), Marcos, Pablo; Layton, Bob (i). "A Gathering of Heroes!" Marvel Super Hero Contest of Champions, no. 1 (June 1982).
  7. ^ Gruenwald, Mark; Mantlo, Bill; Grant, Steven (w), Romita, John Jr. (p), Marcos, Pablo (i). "Chapter 2 First Contest: Frenzy In the Frozen North! Chapter 3 Second Contest: Ghost Town Showdown!" Marvel Super Hero Contest of Champions, no. 2 (July 1982).
  8. ^ Gruenwald, Mark; Mantlo, Bill; Grant, Steven (w), Romita, John Jr. (p), Marcos, Pablo (i). "Chapter 4 Third Contest: Siege In the City of the Dead! Chapter 5 Fourth Contest: Struggle in the Jungle! Chapter 6 Winner Takes None!" Marvel Super Hero Contest of Champions, no. 3 (Aug. 1982).
  9. ^ Mantlo, Bill (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Akin, Ian; Garvey, Brian (i). "Cry, the Mother Country!" Rom, no. 45 (Aug. 1983).
  10. ^ Mantlo, Bill (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Akin, Ian; Garvey, Brian (i). "Bestiary!" Rom, no. 46 (Sept. 1983).
  11. ^ Stern, Roger (w), Silvestri, Marc (p), Rubinstein, Joe (i). "Justice For All" X-Men vs. the Avengers, no. 1 (April 1987).
  12. ^ Stern, Roger (w), Silvestri, Marc (p), Rubinstein, Joe (i). "Uneasy Allies" X-Men vs. the Avengers, no. 2 (May 1987).
  13. ^ Stern, Roger (w), Silvestri, Marc (p), Rubinstein, Joe (i). "The Soviets Strike Back!" X-Men vs. the Avengers, no. 3 (June 1987).
  14. ^ Michelinie, David; Layton, Bob (w), Bright, M. D. (p), Layton, Bob (i). "Stark Wars Chapter 5: Red Snow" Iron Man, no. 229 (April 1988).
  15. ^ Gruenwald, Mark (w), Dwyer, Kieron; Milgrom, Al (p), Milgrom, Al (i). "Refuge" Captain America, no. 352 (April 1989).
  16. ^ Gruenwald, Mark (w), Dwyer, Kieron; Milgrom, Al (p), Milgrom, Al (i). "The Great Bear" Captain America, no. 353 (May 1989).
  17. ^ Nicieza, Fabian (w), Medina, Angel; Saltares, Javier (p), Albrecht, Jeff (i). "The Red Triangle Agenda" Soviet Super Soldiers, no. 1 (November 1992).
  18. ^ Busiek, Kurt (w), Chen, Sean (p), Cannon, Eric; Parsons, Sean (i). "Field of Honor" Iron Man, vol. 3, no. 9 (Oct. 1998).
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