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{{Short description|State highway in Michigan, United States}}
{{use mdy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{use mdy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox road
{{Infobox road
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|type=M
|type=M
|route=35
|route=35
|map={{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|frame-height=240|frame-lat=45.831|frame-long=-87.319|zoom=7|type=line|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Wikipedia KML/M-35 (Michigan highway)}}}}
|map={{maplink-road|from=M-35 (Michigan highway).map}}
|map_custom=yes
|map_custom=yes
|map_notes=M-35 highlighted in red
|map_notes=M-35 highlighted in red
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|length_ref=<ref name="PRFA"/>
|length_ref=<ref name="PRFA"/>
|established={{circa|July 1, 1919}}<ref name="MSHD19"/>
|established={{circa|July 1, 1919}}<ref name="MSHD19"/>
|tourist=[[File:Lake Michigan Circle Tour.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Lake Michigan Circle Tour]]<br /> [[File:Michigan Recreational Heritage Route.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[UP Hidden Coast Recreational Heritage Trail]]
|tourist=[[File:Lake Michigan Circle Tour.svg|24px|alt=|link=]] [[Lake Michigan Circle Tour]]<br /> [[File:Michigan Recreational Heritage Route.svg|24px|alt=|link=]] [[UP Hidden Coast Recreational Heritage Trail]]
|direction_a=South
|direction_a=South
|terminus_a={{jct|state=MI|US|41}} at [[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]
|terminus_a={{jct|state=MI|US|41}} at [[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]
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== Route description ==
== Route description ==
M-35 is primarily a two-lane roadway, with the exception of the nearly {{convert|8+1/2|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} section between [[Escanaba, Michigan|Escanaba]] and [[Gladstone, Michigan|Gladstone]];<ref name="PRFA"/> this section is a four-lane [[divided highway]] that [[Concurrency (road)|runs concurrently]] with [[U.S Route 2 (Michigan)|US Highway&nbsp;2]]/[[U.S. Route 41 (Michigan)|US Highway&nbsp;41]] (US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41).<ref name="MDOT14"/> M-35 is also listed on the [[National Highway System (United States)|National Highway System]] along the US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41 concurrency.<ref name="NHS">{{cite map |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |title = National Highway System, Michigan |date = April 23, 2006 |location = Lansing |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |url = http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_NHS_Statewide_150626_7.pdf |accessdate = February 4, 2008 |format = PDF |scale = Scale not given |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6AqxSurw0?url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_NHS_Statewide_150626_7.pdf |archivedate = September 21, 2012 |df = }}</ref> The southern terminus is in [[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]. From there, M-35 runs northeasterly to the Escanaba area before turning northwesterly to its northern terminus outside of [[Negaunee, Michigan|Negaunee]] in [[Negaunee Township, Michigan|Negaunee Township]].<ref name="MDOT14">{{cite MDOT map |year = 2014 |sections = E5–F6 }}</ref>
M-35 is primarily a two-lane roadway, with the exception of the nearly {{convert|8+1/2|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} section between [[Escanaba, Michigan|Escanaba]] and [[Gladstone, Michigan|Gladstone]];<ref name="PRFA"/> this section is a four-lane [[divided highway]] that [[Concurrency (road)|runs concurrently]] with [[U.S Route 2 (Michigan)|US Highway&nbsp;2]]/[[U.S. Route 41 (Michigan)|US Highway&nbsp;41]] (US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41).<ref name="MDOT14"/> M-35 is also listed on the [[National Highway System (United States)|National Highway System]] along the US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41 concurrency.<ref name="NHS">{{cite map |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |title = National Highway System, Michigan |date = April 23, 2006 |location = Lansing |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |url = http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_NHS_Statewide_150626_7.pdf |access-date = February 4, 2008 |format = PDF |scale = Scale not given |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121004040152/http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_NHS_Statewide_150626_7.pdf |archive-date = October 4, 2012 }}</ref> The southern terminus is in [[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]. From there, M-35 runs northeasterly to the Escanaba area before turning northwesterly to its northern terminus outside of [[Negaunee, Michigan|Negaunee]] in [[Negaunee Township, Michigan|Negaunee Township]].<ref name="MDOT14">{{cite MDOT map |year = 2014 |sections = E5–F6 }}</ref>


=== Menominee to Gladstone ===
=== Menominee to Gladstone ===
[[File:M35G12Forest (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Looking south at M-35 from the terminus of [[G-12 (Michigan county highway)|G-12]] in Menominee County]]
[[File:M35G12Forest (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Looking south at M-35 from the terminus of [[G-12 (Michigan county highway)|G-12]] in Menominee County]]
The southern terminus of M-35 is at the corner of 10th&nbsp;Street (US&nbsp;41) and North Shore Drive north of downtown Menominee. It is a Y-shaped intersection near John Henes Park. This park sits on {{convert|50|acre|ha|sigfig=2|lk=on}} of land, and it was donated to the City of Menominee by German-American brewer [[John O. Henes]] in 1907.<ref name="huntsHP">{{cite book |ref = harv |last1 = Hunt |first1 = Mary |last2 = Hunt |first2 = Don |last-author-amp = yes |year = 2007 |title = Hunts' Guide to Michigan's Upper Peninsula |publisher = Midwestern Guides |location = Albion, MI |url = http://hunts-upguide.com/ |accessdate = August 29, 2007 |chapter-url = http://hunts-upguide.com/menominee_and_marinette_henes_park.html |chapter = Henes Park }}</ref> M-35 leads northeast from the intersection before turning north to head out of town. The highway runs northeasterly following the shoreline of the [[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]], toward [[Escanaba, Michigan|Escanaba]]. M-35 between Menominee and Gladstone forms part of the [[Lake Michigan Circle Tour]] and comprises a section of the UP Hidden Coast Michigan Recreational Heritage Route, one of the [[Pure Michigan Byway]]s.<ref name="MDOT14"/>
The southern terminus of M-35 is at the corner of 10th&nbsp;Street (US&nbsp;41) and North Shore Drive north of downtown Menominee. It is a Y-shaped intersection near John Henes Park. This park sits on {{convert|50|acre|ha|sigfig=2|lk=on}} of land, and it was donated to the City of Menominee by German-American brewer [[John O. Henes]] in 1907.<ref name="huntsHP">{{cite book |last1 = Hunt |first1 = Mary |last2 = Hunt |first2 = Don |name-list-style = amp |year = 2007 |title = Hunts' Guide to Michigan's Upper Peninsula |publisher = Midwestern Guides |location = Albion, Michigan |url = http://hunts-upguide.com/ |access-date = August 29, 2007 |chapter-url = http://hunts-upguide.com/menominee_and_marinette_henes_park.html |chapter = Henes Park }}</ref> M-35 leads northeast from the intersection before turning north to head out of town. The highway runs northeasterly following the shoreline of the [[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]], toward [[Escanaba, Michigan|Escanaba]]. M-35 between Menominee and Gladstone forms part of the [[Lake Michigan Circle Tour]] and comprises a section of the UP Hidden Coast Michigan Recreational Heritage Route, one of the [[Pure Michigan Byway]]s.<ref name="MDOT14"/>
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M-35 is the shortest state trunkline highway between Menominee and Escanaba. Under [[American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials]] (AASHTO) guidelines, [[United States Numbered Highways|US Highways]] are to follow the most direct path between two locations,<ref name="AASHTO">{{cite web |author = [[American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials]] |publisher = American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date = October 6, 1996 |title = Establishment and Development of United States Numbered Highways |page = 6 |url = http://cms.transportation.org/sites/route/docs/HO1_Policy_Establ_Develop_USRN.pdf |accessdate = May 27, 2009 |format = PDF |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061101234239/http://cms.transportation.org/sites/route/docs/HO1_Policy_Establ_Develop_USRN.pdf |archivedate = November 1, 2006 |df = }}</ref> but US&nbsp;41 runs inland and M-35 goes more directly up the Lake Michigan shoreline. According to the 2007 MDOT State Highway Map, the US&nbsp;41 route runs for {{convert|65|mi|km|0}} versus {{convert|55|mi|km|0}} for M-35.<ref name="MDOT14"/> The original map for the US Highway System shows US&nbsp;41 continuing north from [[Powers, Michigan|Powers]] on a direct line to [[Marquette, Michigan|Marquette]]. This routing would be more direct than the current US&nbsp;41 routing, but has not been built.<ref name="MDOT14"/><ref name="USHM">{{cite map |author1 = [[Bureau of Public Roads]] |author2 = [[American Association of State Highway Officials]] |date = November 11, 1926 |title = United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials |url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_System_of_Highways_Adopted_for_Uniform_Marking_by_the_American_Association_of_State_Highway_Officials.jpg |scale = 1:7,000,000 |location = Washington, DC |publisher = [[United States Geological Survey]] |oclc = 32889555 |accessdate = November 7, 2013 |via = [[Wikimedia Commons]] |last-author-amp = yes }}</ref>-->
M-35 is the shortest state trunkline highway between Menominee and Escanaba. Under [[American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials]] (AASHTO) guidelines, [[United States Numbered Highways|US Highways]] are to follow the most direct path between two locations,<ref name="AASHTO">{{cite web |author = American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |author-link = American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |publisher = American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date = October 6, 1996 |title = Establishment and Development of United States Numbered Highways |page = 6 |url = http://cms.transportation.org/sites/route/docs/HO1_Policy_Establ_Develop_USRN.pdf |access-date = May 27, 2009 |format = PDF |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061101234239/http://cms.transportation.org/sites/route/docs/HO1_Policy_Establ_Develop_USRN.pdf |archive-date = November 1, 2006 }}</ref> but US&nbsp;41 runs inland and M-35 goes more directly up the Lake Michigan shoreline. According to the 2007 MDOT State Highway Map, the US&nbsp;41 route runs for {{convert|65|mi|km|0}} versus {{convert|55|mi|km|0}} for M-35.<ref name="MDOT14"/> The original map for the US Highway System shows US&nbsp;41 continuing north from [[Powers, Michigan|Powers]] on a direct line to [[Marquette, Michigan|Marquette]]. This routing would be more direct than the current US&nbsp;41 routing, but has not been built.<ref name="MDOT14"/><ref name="USHM">{{cite map |author1 = Bureau of Public Roads |author-link = Bureau of Public Roads |author2 = American Association of State Highway Officials |author2-link = American Association of State Highway Officials |date = November 11, 1926 |title = United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials |url = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_System_of_Highways_Adopted_for_Uniform_Marking_by_the_American_Association_of_State_Highway_Officials.jpg |scale = 1:7,000,000 |location = Washington, DC |publisher = [[United States Geological Survey]] |oclc = 32889555 |access-date = November 7, 2013 |via = [[Wikimedia Commons]] |name-list-style = amp }}</ref>-->


At the [[Menominee County, Michigan|Menominee]]–[[Delta County, Michigan|Delta]] county line, M-35 passes from the [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]] to the [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern Time Zone]].<ref name="MDOT14"/> After entering the south side of Escanaba, M-35 runs into town on Lake Shore Drive, passing to the south and east of the [[Delta County Airport]] before turning onto Lincoln Road. Just west of downtown, US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41 join M-35 at the intersection of Ludington Street and Lincoln Road. Ludington and Lincoln form the east–west and north–south axes respectively of the Escanaba [[House numbering#North America|street numbering grid]]. From these two streets, the east–west avenues and north–south streets are numbered in a grid in the City of Escanaba.<ref name="googleE">{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=escanaba,+mi&ie=UTF8&ll=45.745006,-87.081757&spn=0.018868,0.030212&z=15 |title = Escanaba, MI |access-date = May 4, 2008 }}</ref> US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41 enter Escanaba from the west along Ludington Street, turning north along Lincoln Road, joining M-35. Here, M-35 joins the [[National Highway System (United States)|National Highway System]],<ref name="NHS"/> which is a road system important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility.<ref name="slater">{{cite journal |url = http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp2.cfm |last = Slater |first = Rodney E. |date = Spring 1996 |title = The National Highway System: A Commitment To America's Future |journal = Public Roads |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |volume = 59 |issue = 4 |issn = 0033-3735 |oclc = 1586080 |accessdate = February 3, 2011 }}</ref>
At the [[Menominee County, Michigan|Menominee]]–[[Delta County, Michigan|Delta]] county line, M-35 passes from the [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]] to the [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern Time Zone]].<ref name="MDOT14"/> After entering the south side of Escanaba, M-35 runs into town on Lake Shore Drive, passing to the south and east of the [[Delta County Airport]] before turning onto Lincoln Road. Just west of downtown, US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41 join M-35 at the intersection of Ludington Street and Lincoln Road. Ludington and Lincoln form the east–west and north–south axes respectively of the Escanaba [[House numbering#North America|street numbering grid]]. From these two streets, the east–west avenues and north–south streets are numbered in a grid in the City of Escanaba.<ref name="googleE">{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=escanaba,+mi&ie=UTF8&ll=45.745006,-87.081757&spn=0.018868,0.030212&z=15 |title = Escanaba, Michigan |access-date = May 4, 2008 }}</ref> US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41 enter Escanaba from the west along Ludington Street, turning north along Lincoln Road, joining M-35. Here, M-35 joins the [[National Highway System (United States)|National Highway System]],<ref name="NHS"/> which is a road system important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility.<ref name="slater">{{cite journal |url = https://highways.dot.gov/public-roads/spring-1996/national-highway-system-commitment-americas-future |last = Slater |first = Rodney E. |date = Spring 1996 |title = The National Highway System: A Commitment To America's Future |journal = Public Roads |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |volume = 59 |issue = 4 |issn = 0033-3735 |oclc = 1586080 |access-date = February 3, 2011 }}</ref>


From Escanaba, M-35 runs concurrently with US&nbsp;2 and US&nbsp;41 to [[Gladstone, Michigan|Gladstone]], where M-35 logs its highest [[average annual daily traffic]] (AADT) counts. The 2012 AADT figures show that an average of 14,744&nbsp;vehicles use the highway per day on a segment in north Escanaba.<ref name=TMIS>{{cite web |author = Bureau of Transportation Planning |url = http://mdotnetpublic.state.mi.us/tmispublic/ |title = Traffic Monitoring Information System |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |year = 2008 |accessdate = December 19, 2014 }}</ref> Between the two cities, US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41/M-35 crosses the [[Escanaba River]] near the mouth just south of a paper mill.<ref name="hunts-e">{{harvp|Hunt|Hunt|2007|loc=[http://hunts-upguide.com/escanaba_detail.html "Escanaba"]}}.</ref> North of the Escanaba, the highway follows the shoreline of [[Little Bay de Noc]] to Gladstone. M-35 separates from US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41 at an intersection with 4th Avenue North in Gladstone. This also marks the location where the National Highway System, Lake Michigan Circle Tour and Pure Michigan Byway designations end on M-35.<ref name="MDOT14"/><ref name="NHS"/><ref name="mdot35"/>
From Escanaba, M-35 runs concurrently with US&nbsp;2 and US&nbsp;41 to [[Gladstone, Michigan|Gladstone]], where M-35 logs its highest [[average annual daily traffic]] (AADT) counts. The 2012 AADT figures show that an average of 14,744&nbsp;vehicles use the highway per day on a segment in north Escanaba.<ref name=TMIS>{{cite web |author = Bureau of Transportation Planning |url = http://mdotnetpublic.state.mi.us/tmispublic/ |title = Traffic Monitoring Information System |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |year = 2008 |access-date = December 19, 2014 }}</ref> Between the two cities, US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41/M-35 crosses the [[Escanaba River]] near the mouth just south of a paper mill.<ref name="hunts-e">{{harvp|Hunt|Hunt|2007|loc=[http://hunts-upguide.com/escanaba_detail.html "Escanaba"]}}.</ref> North of the Escanaba, the highway follows the shoreline of [[Little Bay de Noc]] to Gladstone. M-35 separates from US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41 at an intersection with 4th Avenue North in Gladstone. This also marks the location where the National Highway System, Lake Michigan Circle Tour and Pure Michigan Byway designations end on M-35.<ref name="MDOT14"/><ref name="NHS"/><ref name="mdot35"/>


=== Gladstone to Negaunee ===
=== Gladstone to Negaunee ===
[[Image:Palmer rock piles.JPG|thumb|right|[[Overburden|Waste rock]] piles from the Empire Mine along M-35 southbound approaching Palmer|alt=A roadway leading away into the distance before curving in front of a large pile of waste rock]]
[[Image:Palmer rock piles.JPG|thumb|right|[[Overburden|Waste rock]] piles from the Empire Mine along M-35 southbound approaching Palmer|alt=A roadway leading away into the distance before curving in front of a large pile of waste rock]]
M-35 turns northwesterly in Gladstone through northern Delta County and southern Marquette County and crosses the [[Days River]] in [[Brampton, Michigan|Brampton]]. From [[Perkins, Michigan|Perkins]] north, M-35 runs parallel to the [[Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad|Lake Superior & Ishpeming]] rail line between the iron mines of Marquette County and Escanaba. The station of Maple Ridge was located in the community of [[Rock, Michigan|Rock]] along this line. M-35 crosses into Marquette County in the unincorporated location of [[McFarland, Michigan|McFarland]] and crosses the rail line before reaching the [[Little Lake, Michigan|Little Lake]] in the community of the same name. The highway runs east–west through Little Lake to [[Gwinn, Michigan|Gwinn]].<ref name="MDOT14"/>
M-35 turns northwesterly in Gladstone through northern Delta County and southern Marquette County and crosses the [[Days River]] in [[Brampton, Michigan|Brampton]]. From [[Perkins, Michigan|Perkins]] north, M-35 runs parallel to the rail line between the iron mines of Marquette County and Escanaba. The station of Maple Ridge was located in the community of [[Rock, Michigan|Rock]] along this line. M-35 crosses into Marquette County in the unincorporated location of [[McFarland, Michigan|McFarland]] and crosses the rail line before reaching the [[Little Lake, Michigan|Little Lake]] in the community of the same name. The highway runs east–west through Little Lake to [[Gwinn, Michigan|Gwinn]].<ref name="MDOT14"/>


Built as a [[company town]] by the [[Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company]], Gwinn is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as the "Gwinn [[Planned community|Model Town]] [[Historic district (United States)|Historic District]], [[Forsyth Township, Michigan|Forsyth Township]], Marquette County, Michigan".<ref name="NRHP">{{cite web |author = National Park Service |title = National Register of Historic Places: Michigan, Marquette County |date = June 24, 2002 |work = National Register of Historic Places |url = http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/MI/Marquette/districts.html |accessdate = August 29, 2007 |author-link = National Park Service }}</ref> M-35 follows Stephenson Avenue through the neighborhood of New Swanzy westward to the community of Gwinn. Inside Gwinn, the highway follows Pine Street northwest, passing through the downtown and into residential areas along Pine and Iron streets.<ref name="googleG">{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=gwinn,+mi&ie=UTF8&ll=46.278438,-87.435851&spn=0.018687,0.030212&z=15 |title = Gwinn, MI |access-date = March 16, 2008 |link = no }}</ref>
Built as a [[company town]] by the [[Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company]], Gwinn is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as the "Gwinn [[Planned community|Model Town]] [[Historic district (United States)|Historic District]], [[Forsyth Township, Michigan|Forsyth Township]], Marquette County, Michigan".<ref name="NRHP">{{cite web |author = National Park Service |title = National Register of Historic Places: Michigan, Marquette County |date = June 24, 2002 |work = National Register of Historic Places |url = http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/MI/Marquette/districts.html |access-date = August 29, 2007 |author-link = National Park Service }}</ref> M-35 follows Stephenson Avenue through the neighborhood of New Swanzy westward to the community of Gwinn. Inside Gwinn, the highway follows Pine Street northwest, passing through the downtown and into residential areas along Pine and Iron streets.<ref name="googleG">{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=gwinn,+mi&ie=UTF8&ll=46.278438,-87.435851&spn=0.018687,0.030212&z=15 |title = Gwinn, Michigan |access-date = March 16, 2008 |link = no }}</ref>


M-35 runs northwest of Gwinn to [[Palmer, Michigan|Palmer]] along the outskirts of Cleveland-Cliffs' Empire Mine, where large piles of [[Overburden|waste rock]] from the mining operations tower over the roadway. According to the [[Michigan Department of Transportation]] (MDOT), the segment through Palmer logged the highway's lowest AADT, only 487&nbsp;vehicles per day, in 2012.<ref name="TMIS"/> North of Palmer, M-35 runs past [[Goose Lake (Marquette County, Michigan)|Goose Lake]] to end in Negaunee Township. The northern terminus is {{convert|3.6|mi|km}} east of Negaunee, just east of the former [[Marquette County Airport]] and the studios of [[WLUC-TV]] on US&nbsp;41/[[M-28 (Michigan highway)|M-28]].<ref name="googleN"/>
M-35 runs northwest of Gwinn to [[Palmer, Michigan|Palmer]] along the outskirts of Cleveland-Cliffs' Empire Mine, where large piles of [[Overburden|waste rock]] from the mining operations tower over the roadway. According to the [[Michigan Department of Transportation]] (MDOT), the segment through Palmer logged the highway's lowest AADT, only 487&nbsp;vehicles per day, in 2012.<ref name="TMIS"/> North of Palmer, M-35 runs past [[Goose Lake (Marquette County, Michigan)|Goose Lake]] to end in Negaunee Township. The northern terminus is {{convert|3.6|mi|km}} east of Negaunee, just east of the former [[Marquette County Airport]] and the studios of [[WLUC-TV]] on US&nbsp;41/[[M-28 (Michigan highway)|M-28]].<ref name="googleN"/>
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== History ==
== History ==
[[Image:M-35 1932.jpg|thumb|A section of the 1932 Michigan State Dept. of Highways road map showing M-35 in northern Marquette and Baraga counties<ref name="MSHD32"/>|alt=A map of northern Marquette and Baraga counties in Michigan's Upper Peninsula showing US 41/M-28 running through the central part of the counties. M-35 extends north into the Huron Mountains region with the central segment marked as "Impassable".]]
[[Image:M-35 1932.jpg|thumb|A section of the 1932 Michigan State Dept. of Highways road map showing M-35 in northern Marquette and Baraga counties<ref name="MSHD32"/>|alt=A map of northern Marquette and Baraga counties in Michigan's Upper Peninsula showing US 41/M-28 running through the central part of the counties. M-35 extends north into the Huron Mountains region with the central segment marked as "Impassable".]]
The first path along part of the modern M-35 roadway was the Sault and Green Bay Trail, an old [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] trail, between [[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]] and [[Escanaba, Michigan|Escanaba]]. This trail continued eastward from Escanaba to [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan|Sault Ste. Marie]] and southerly to [[Green Bay, Wisconsin]]. It was a narrow path of approximately {{convert|12|-|18|in|cm|-1}} in width, wide enough to permit single-file traffic.<ref name="Pohl">{{cite web |url = http://www.michiganhighways.org/history.html |title = The History of Roads in Michigan |last1 = Pohl |first1 = Dorothy G. |last2 = Brown |first2 = Norman E. |publisher = Association of Southern Michigan Road Commissions |date = December 2, 1997 |accessdate = September 11, 2008 |lastauthoramp = y }}</ref> Another route, the Carp River Trail, paralleled the path of M-35 from Escanaba to the Marquette area as well. These footpaths were later used for the basis of gravel roads a century before the modern state highway system was created.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Mason |first = Philip P. |date = January 12, 1987 |title= Indians Started Roads: From Paths to Freeways |work = [[Ionia Sentinel-Standard]] |page = |url = https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/RR668ADMIN_8_539527_7.pdf |access-date = May 12, 2018 |via = Michigan Department of Transportation }}</ref>
The first path along part of the modern M-35 roadway was the Sault and Green Bay Trail, an old [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] trail, between [[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]] and [[Escanaba, Michigan|Escanaba]]. This trail continued eastward from Escanaba to [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan|Sault Ste. Marie]] and southerly to [[Green Bay, Wisconsin]]. It was a narrow path of approximately {{convert|12|-|18|in|cm|-1}} in width, wide enough to permit single-file traffic.<ref name="Pohl">{{cite web |url = http://www.michiganhighways.org/history.html |title = The History of Roads in Michigan |last1 = Pohl |first1 = Dorothy G. |last2 = Brown |first2 = Norman E. |publisher = Association of Southern Michigan Road Commissions |date = December 2, 1997 |access-date = September 11, 2008 |name-list-style = amp }}</ref> Another route, the Carp River Trail, paralleled the path of M-35 from Escanaba to the Marquette area as well. These footpaths were later used for the basis of gravel roads a century before the modern state highway system was created.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Mason |first = Philip P. |date = January 12, 1987 |title = Indians Started Roads: From Paths to Freeways |work = [[Ionia Sentinel-Standard]] |url = https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/RR668ADMIN_8_539527_7.pdf |access-date = May 12, 2018 |via = Michigan Department of Transportation }}</ref>


On May 13, 1913, the Legislature created the [[Michigan State Trunkline Highway System|state's highway system]]; M-35 was not initially included.<ref name=STLA>{{cite book |author = Michigan Legislature |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7kXiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1868&lpg=PA1868&dq |title = The Compiled Laws of the State of Michigan |volume = Vol. 1 |year = 1915 |orig-year = enacted May 13, 1913 |chapter = Chapter 91: State Reward Trunk Line Highways |pages = 1868–72 |location = Lansing, MI |publisher = Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford |editor1-last = Shields |editor1-first = Edmund C. |editor2-last = Black |editor2-first = Cyrenius P. |editor3-last = Broomfield |editor3-first = Archibald |access-date = January 24, 2012 |via = [[Google Books]] |oclc = 44724558 |last-author-amp = yes |df = mdy-all |author-link = Michigan Legislature}}</ref> The system was signposted six year later, and M-35 was to run from [[M-12 (Michigan highway)|M-12]]/[[M-15 (Michigan highway)|M-15]] (modern US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41) at [[Gladstone, Michigan|Gladstone]] in the south to [[Palmer, Michigan|Palmer]] before terminating in [[Negaunee, Michigan|Negaunee]] at M-15 (modern US&nbsp;41). Several maps showed M-35 continuing north to L'Anse.<ref name="MSHD19"/><ref name="MSHD32"/> At the time of M-35's creation, another designation, [[M-91 (Michigan highway)|M-91]], was assigned to a highway from Menominee northward to [[Cedar River, Michigan|Cedar River]].<ref name="MSHD19">{{cite MDOT map |date = 1919-07-01U |link = yes }}</ref> By 1930, M-35 was extended southerly along US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41 from Gladstone to Escanaba. From there, M-35 continued as a new highway along the [[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]] shoreline to Cedar River and supplanted M-91.<ref name="ALA">{{cite book |author = Automobile Legal Association |title = Automobile Green Book |edition = 1930–31 |year = 1930 |publisher = Scarborough Motor Guide Co |location = Boston |chapter = Route Log of State Highway Systems |oclc = 24448978 |pages = 45+ }}</ref>
On May 13, 1913, the Legislature created the [[Michigan State Trunkline Highway System|state's highway system]]; M-35 was not initially included.<ref name=STLA>{{cite book |author = Michigan Legislature |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7kXiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1868 |title = The Compiled Laws of the State of Michigan |volume = 1 |year = 1915 |orig-year = enacted May 13, 1913 |chapter = Chapter 91: State Reward Trunk Line Highways |pages = 1868–72 |location = Lansing, Michigan |publisher = Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford |editor1-last = Shields |editor1-first = Edmund C. |editor2-last = Black |editor2-first = Cyrenius P. |editor3-last = Broomfield |editor3-first = Archibald |access-date = January 24, 2012 |via = [[Google Books]] |oclc = 44724558 |name-list-style = amp |df = mdy-all |author-link = Michigan Legislature }}</ref> The system was signposted six year later, and M-35 was to run from [[M-12 (Michigan highway)|M-12]]/[[M-15 (Michigan highway)|M-15]] (modern US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41) at [[Gladstone, Michigan|Gladstone]] in the south to [[Palmer, Michigan|Palmer]] before terminating in [[Negaunee, Michigan|Negaunee]] at M-15 (modern US&nbsp;41). Several maps showed M-35 continuing north to L'Anse.<ref name="MSHD19"/><ref name="MSHD32"/> At the time of M-35's creation, another designation, [[M-91 (Michigan highway)|M-91]], was assigned to a highway from Menominee northward to [[Cedar River, Michigan|Cedar River]].<ref name="MSHD19">{{cite MDOT map |date = 1919-07-01U |link = yes }}</ref> By 1930, M-35 was extended southerly along US&nbsp;2/US&nbsp;41 from Gladstone to Escanaba. From there, M-35 continued as a new highway along the [[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]] shoreline to Cedar River and supplanted M-91.<ref name="ALA">{{cite book |author = Automobile Legal Association |title = Automobile Green Book |edition = 1930–31 |year = 1930 |publisher = Scarborough Motor Guide Co |location = Boston |chapter = Route Log of State Highway Systems |oclc = 24448978 |pages = 45+ }}</ref>


=== Huron Mountains ===
=== Huron Mountains ===
In 1919, the State Department of Highways, forerunner to today's MDOT, designated a scenic shoreline trunkline to run north from Negaunee to [[Skanee, Michigan|Skanee]] and [[L'Anse, Michigan|L'Anse]] by way of [[Big Bay, Michigan|Big Bay]]. The highway would continue from the L'Anse and [[Baraga, Michigan|Baraga]] area to eventually end at [[Ontonagon, Michigan|Ontonagon]] at an intersection with [[M-64 (Michigan highway)|M-64]].<ref name="ALA"/> Local Upper Peninsula historian Fred Rydholm summarized the routing planned in 1925 as extending "...&nbsp;in a northwesterly direction, across the [[Dead River (Michigan)|Dead River]], over the Panorama Hills, then west past the Elm Creek swamp, along the south side of Burnt Mountain, across the Cedar Creek, the Cliff Stream and out past Cliff Lake to Skanee and L'Anse".<ref name="rydholm">{{cite book |ref = harv |last = Rydholm |first = C. Fred |title = Superior Heartland: A Backwoods History |volume = Vol. 1 |year = 1989 |publisher = Braun-Brumfield |location = Ann Arbor, MI |isbn = 0-9639948-2-4 |lccn = 89-90710 |oclc = 20652946 |pages = 508–515 }}</ref> This highway was designated as an extension of M-35, which ended in downtown Negaunee. Work was completed on a significant portion of the route in [[Marquette County, Michigan|Marquette County]] by 1926. M-35 was routed east along M-15 toward [[Marquette, Michigan|Marquette]] before turning north-northwesterly toward Big Bay. This section of roadway follows the modern [[County Road 510 (Marquette County, Michigan)|County Road&nbsp;510]] (CR&nbsp;510) in Marquette County. Similar work was completed in [[Baraga County, Michigan|Baraga County]] connecting L'Anse and Skanee by 1932.<ref name="MSHD32"/>
In 1919, the State Department of Highways, forerunner to today's MDOT, designated a scenic shoreline trunkline to run north from Negaunee to [[Skanee, Michigan|Skanee]] and [[L'Anse, Michigan|L'Anse]] by way of [[Big Bay, Michigan|Big Bay]]. The highway would continue from the L'Anse and [[Baraga, Michigan|Baraga]] area to eventually end at [[Ontonagon, Michigan|Ontonagon]] at an intersection with [[M-64 (Michigan highway)|M-64]].<ref name="ALA"/> Local Upper Peninsula historian Fred Rydholm summarized the routing planned in 1925 as extending "...&nbsp;in a northwesterly direction, across the [[Dead River (Michigan)|Dead River]], over the Panorama Hills, then west past the Elm Creek swamp, along the south side of Burnt Mountain, across the Cedar Creek, the Cliff Stream and out past Cliff Lake to Skanee and L'Anse".<ref name="rydholm">{{cite book |last = Rydholm |first = C. Fred |title = Superior Heartland: A Backwoods History |volume = 1 |year = 1989 |publisher = Braun-Brumfield |location = Ann Arbor, Michigan |isbn = 0-9639948-2-4 |lccn = 89-90710 |oclc = 20652946 |pages = 508–515 }}</ref> This highway was designated as an extension of M-35, which ended in downtown Negaunee. Work was completed on a significant portion of the route in [[Marquette County, Michigan|Marquette County]] by 1926. M-35 was routed east along M-15 toward [[Marquette, Michigan|Marquette]] before turning north-northwesterly toward Big Bay. This section of roadway follows the modern [[County Road 510 (Marquette County, Michigan)|County Road&nbsp;510]] (CR&nbsp;510) in Marquette County. Similar work was completed in [[Baraga County, Michigan|Baraga County]] connecting L'Anse and Skanee by 1932.<ref name="MSHD32"/>


Construction on the two ends left the center portion through the [[Huron Mountains]] unfinished and shown on state maps as a dashed line marked "impassable".<ref name="MSHD32">{{cite MDOT map |date =1932-07-01 |c-link = yes |sections = B4–B5 }}</ref> One section running northwesterly from the modern CR&nbsp;510 toward the [[Salmon Trout River]], complete with guard rails and cement culverts<ref name="rydholm"/> has been called "Blind 35" since.<ref name="MCPM">{{cite map |author1 = Rockford Map Publishers |author2 = Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service |last-author-amp = yes |title = Land Atlas and Plat Book of Marquette County, Michigan |map = Powell Twp. T51N–R27W |publisher = Rockford Map Publishers |location = Rockford, IL |year = 2001 |edition = 15th |page = 65 |scale = 1:50,688 |oclc = 41970440 }}</ref>
Construction on the two ends left the center portion through the [[Huron Mountains]] unfinished and shown on state maps as a dashed line marked "impassable".<ref name="MSHD32">{{cite MDOT map |date =1932-07-01 |c-link = yes |sections = B4–B5 }}</ref> One section running northwesterly from the modern CR&nbsp;510 toward the [[Salmon Trout River]], complete with guard rails and cement culverts<ref name="rydholm"/> has been called "Blind 35" since.<ref name="MCPM">{{cite map |author1 = Rockford Map Publishers |author2 = Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service |name-list-style = amp |title = Land Atlas and Plat Book of Marquette County, Michigan |map = Powell Twp. T51N–R27W |publisher = Rockford Map Publishers |location = Rockford, Illinois |year = 2001 |edition = 15th |page = 65 |scale = 1:50,688 |oclc = 41970440 }}</ref>


=== The Steel Bridge ===
=== The Steel Bridge ===
[[File:CR510 steel bridge 1922.jpg|thumb|right|The Steel Bridge carrying M-35 over the Dead River in 1922|alt=Historic photo of the Steel Bridge over the Dead River]]
[[File:CR510 steel bridge 1922.jpg|thumb|right|The Steel Bridge carrying M-35 over the Dead River in 1922|alt=Historic photo of the Steel Bridge over the Dead River]]
One of the first tasks for the State Highway Department was bridging the Dead River in Negaunee Township, {{convert|3|mi|km|spell=in}} north of US&nbsp;41.<ref name="hyde">{{cite book |title = Historic Highway Bridges of Michigan |last = Hyde |first = Charles K. |year = 1993 |publisher = Wayne State University Press |location = Detroit |isbn = 0-8143-2448-7 |oclc = 27011079 |pages = 70–72 }}</ref> The state solved the problem by buying a bridge in Pennsylvania, where bridges of this design were more common.<ref name="hyde"/> MDOT describes the bridge as:
One of the first tasks for the State Highway Department was bridging the Dead River in Negaunee Township, {{convert|3|mi|km|spell=in}} north of US&nbsp;41.<ref name="hyde">{{cite book |title = Historic Highway Bridges of Michigan |last = Hyde |first = Charles K. |year = 1993 |publisher = Wayne State University Press |location = Detroit |isbn = 0-8143-2448-7 |oclc = 27011079 |pages = 70–72 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/historichighwayb0000hyde/page/70 |access-date = September 7, 2019 |via = [[Archive.org]] }}</ref> The state solved the problem by buying a bridge in Pennsylvania, where bridges of this design were more common.<ref name="hyde"/> MDOT describes the bridge as:
{{Quote|... a rare Pennsylvania through truss highway bridge, particularly because of the length [{{convert|271|ft|m|0|disp=or|sp=us}}] of this single span. It was purchased by the State Highway Department in 1919, moved from an unspecified [[Allegheny River]] site, probably considerably upstream from [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]], and then erected on this site in 1921.<ref name="MDOTCR510">{{cite web |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |url = http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9620_11154_11188-29396--,00.html |title = County Rd. 510–Dead River |work = Michigan's Historic Bridges |date = April 19, 2002 |accessdate = February 4, 2008 |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation }}</ref>}}
{{Quote|... a rare Pennsylvania through truss highway bridge, particularly because of the length [{{convert|271|ft|m|0|disp=or|sp=us}}] of this single span. It was purchased by the State Highway Department in 1919, moved from an unspecified [[Allegheny River]] site, probably considerably upstream from [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]], and then erected on this site in 1921.<ref name="MDOTCR510">{{cite web |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |url = http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9620_11154_11188-29396--,00.html |title = County Rd. 510–Dead River |work = Michigan's Historic Bridges |date = April 19, 2002 |access-date = February 4, 2008 |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation }}</ref>}}


The bridge is still in place over the Dead River and previously carried CR&nbsp;510 as the successor to M-35 in northern Marquette County.<ref name=pepin2010-10-04/> Known locally as "The Steel Bridge", it survived a May 15, 2003, flood caused by the breaching of the [[Silver Lake Dam (Michigan)|Silver Lake Dam]].<ref name="MDOTCR510"/><ref name=flood>{{cite news |last1 = Lake |first1 = James |last2 = Sargent |first2 = Bud |date = May 16, 2003 |title = Nature's Wrath: Silver Lake Dam Failure Triggers Disaster |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, MI |pages = A1, A10 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 |lastauthoramp = y }}</ref> The Marquette County Road Commission had announced plans in 2006 to bypass the Steel Bridge with a modern replacement, leaving the existing bridge as a footpath or bike path.<ref name="TV6">{{cite news |title = Plans to Replace Historic Bridge Underway |publisher = WLUC-TV |location = Negaunee, MI |date = May 2, 2006 }}</ref> Construction on the bypass road and replacement bridge was begun in October 2007. The concrete work for the replacement span was started in late 2009, with an original projected completion date of November 1, 2010. The new crossing is {{convert|100|ft}} above river level compared to the {{convert|10|ft|m|0}} for the 1921 span. The total budget for bridge construction was $4.5&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|3500000|2009|r=-5}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|last-author-amp=yes|lastauthoramp=yes}}) with an additional $1.7&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|1700000|2009|r=-5}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|last-author-amp=yes|lastauthoramp=yes}}) for the approach work; the project had an 80&nbsp;percent federal, 15&nbsp;percent state and 5&nbsp;percent county funding split.<ref name=pepin-2010-06-07>{{cite news |last = Pepin |first = John |title = 510 Bridge Replacement |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, MI |date = June 7, 2010 |url = http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/545021.html |accessdate = September 13, 2010 |archiveurl = http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/545021.html |archivedate = February 3, 2011 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 }}</ref> The new bridge opened to traffic in September 2010, diverting traffic from the Steel Bridge. Completion of the new span came after about a decade of planning.<ref name=pepin2010-10-04>{{cite news |last = Pepin |first = John |title = New Bridge Over the Dead River Drawing a lot of Attention, but be Careful |url = http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/549312/New-bridge-over-the-Dead-River-drawing-a-lot-of-attention--but-be-careful.html |work = [[The Mining Journal]] |location = Marquette, MI |date = October 4, 2010 |accessdate = October 21, 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718225150/http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/549312/New-bridge-over-the-Dead-River-drawing-a-lot-of-attention--but-be-careful.html |archivedate = July 18, 2011 |issn = 0898-4964 |dead-url = no |oclc = 9729223 }}</ref>
The bridge is still in place over the Dead River and previously carried CR&nbsp;510 as the successor to M-35 in northern Marquette County.<ref name=pepin2010-10-04/> Known locally as "The Old Bridge" or "The Steel Bridge", it survived a May 15, 2003, flood caused by the breaching of the [[Silver Lake Dam (Michigan)|Silver Lake Dam]].<ref name="MDOTCR510"/><ref name=flood>{{cite news |last1 = Lake |first1 = James |last2 = Sargent |first2 = Bud |date = May 16, 2003 |title = Nature's Wrath: Silver Lake Dam Failure Triggers Disaster |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, Michigan |pages = A1, A10 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 |name-list-style = amp }}</ref> The Marquette County Road Commission had announced plans in 2006 to bypass the Steel Bridge with a modern replacement, leaving the existing bridge as a footpath or bike path.<ref name="TV6">{{cite news |title = Plans to Replace Historic Bridge Underway |publisher = WLUC-TV |location = Negaunee, Michigan |date = May 2, 2006 }}</ref> Construction on the bypass road and replacement bridge was begun in October 2007. The concrete work for the replacement span was started in late 2009, with an original projected completion date of November 1, 2010. The new crossing is {{convert|100|ft}} above river level compared to the {{convert|10|ft|m|0}} for the 1921 span. The total budget for bridge construction was $4.5&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|3500000|2009|r=-5}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|name-list-style=amp}}) with an additional $1.7&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|1700000|2009|r=-5}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|name-list-style=amp}}) for the approach work; the project had an 80&nbsp;percent federal, 15&nbsp;percent state and 5&nbsp;percent county funding split.<ref name=pepin-2010-06-07>{{cite news |last = Pepin |first = John |title = 510 Bridge Replacement |work = The Mining Journal |location = Marquette, Michigan |date = June 7, 2010 |url = http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/545021.html |access-date = September 13, 2010 |issn = 0898-4964 |oclc = 9729223 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718225137/http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/545021.html |archive-date = July 18, 2011 }}</ref> The new bridge opened to traffic in September 2010, diverting traffic from the Steel Bridge. Completion of the new span came after about a decade of planning.<ref name=pepin2010-10-04>{{cite news |last = Pepin |first = John |title = New Bridge Over the Dead River Drawing a lot of Attention, but be Careful |url = http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/549312/New-bridge-over-the-Dead-River-drawing-a-lot-of-attention--but-be-careful.html |work = [[The Mining Journal]] |location = Marquette, Michigan |date = October 4, 2010 |access-date = October 21, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718225150/http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/549312/New-bridge-over-the-Dead-River-drawing-a-lot-of-attention--but-be-careful.html |archive-date = July 18, 2011 |issn = 0898-4964 |url-status = live |oclc = 9729223 }}</ref>


=== Henry Ford ===
=== Henry Ford ===
Records of the [[Huron Mountain Club]], an exclusive private organization with large land holdings in northern Michigan, show that Henry Ford visited the Upper Peninsula many times, including at least once with [[Harvey Firestone]] and [[Thomas Edison]] on Ford's yacht, ''Sialia''. Many of these trips involved research to keep his operations supplied.<ref name="mayor">{{cite book |ref = harv |last = Mayor |first = Archer |others = Dodge, Murray, ed.; Dykema, Rosemary, photography ed |title = Huron Mountain Club: The First Hundred Years |year = 1988 |publisher = Thompson-Shore |location = Dexter, MI |oclc = 608430314 |pages = 88–89 }}</ref> His UP land provided wood for the manufacture of Ford automobiles such as the [[Model T]], which required {{convert|250|board feet|lk=in|sigfig=2}} of lumber per car.<ref name="rydholm"/> Ford, who was considering becoming the "owner–producer–handler" of the resources he needed, invested in [[sawmill]]s in [[Alberta, Michigan|Alberta]] and [[Kingsford, Michigan|Kingsford]]. He also bought the entire town of [[Pequaming, Michigan|Pequaming]], along the shores of the [[Keweenaw Bay]]. The town belonged to Dan Hebard, who also sold Ford a sawmill, [[tugboat]]s, a 14-room [[bungalow]], and land near the Huron Mountain Club. Hebard retired to spend his summers at a cabin on the Pine River on land belonging to the Club.<ref name="rydholm"/>
Records of the [[Huron Mountain Club]], an exclusive private organization with large land holdings in northern Michigan, show that Henry Ford visited the Upper Peninsula many times, including at least once with [[Harvey Firestone]] and [[Thomas Edison]] on Ford's yacht, ''Sialia''. Many of these trips involved research to keep his operations supplied.<ref name="mayor">{{cite book |last = Mayor |first = Archer |others = Dodge, Murray, ed.; Dykema, Rosemary, photography ed |title = Huron Mountain Club: The First Hundred Years |year = 1988 |publisher = Thompson-Shore |location = Dexter, Michigan |oclc = 608430314 |pages = 88–89 }}</ref> His UP land provided wood for the manufacture of Ford automobiles such as the [[Model T]], which required {{convert|250|board feet|lk=in|sigfig=2}} of lumber per car.<ref name="rydholm"/> Ford, who was considering becoming the "owner–producer–handler" of the resources he needed, invested in [[sawmill]]s in [[Alberta, Michigan|Alberta]] and [[Kingsford, Michigan|Kingsford]]. He also bought the entire town of [[Pequaming, Michigan|Pequaming]], along the shores of the [[Keweenaw Bay]]. The town belonged to Dan Hebard, who also sold Ford a sawmill, [[tugboat]]s, a 14-room [[bungalow]], and land near the Huron Mountain Club. Hebard retired to spend his summers at a cabin on the Pine River on land belonging to the Club.<ref name="rydholm"/>


Ford built a [[hydroelectric dam]] along the [[Menominee River]] to supply power to the Kingsford mill, bought the Imperial Mine, and opened the Blueberry Mine near [[Ishpeming, Michigan|Ishpeming]] to supply iron ore. The Ford Railroad was constructed between [[L'Anse, Michigan|L'Anse]] and the Cliff River for his logging operations on {{convert|300000|acre|sigfig=1}} of timberland purchased in 1922. He often visited the Upper Peninsula on business, but as early as 1917, the year he ran for a seat in the [[U.S. Senate]], he sought entry into the Huron Mountain Club. Since the club limited its membership, Ford worked to improve his chances. His admission would ultimately come when M-35 construction was halted in the Huron Mountains.<ref name="rydholm"/>
Ford built a [[hydroelectric dam]] along the [[Menominee River]] to supply power to the Kingsford mill, bought the Imperial Mine, and opened the Blueberry Mine near [[Ishpeming, Michigan|Ishpeming]] to supply iron ore. The Ford Railroad was constructed between [[L'Anse, Michigan|L'Anse]] and the Cliff River for his logging operations on {{convert|300000|acre|sigfig=1}} of timberland purchased in 1922. He often visited the Upper Peninsula on business, but as early as 1917, the year he ran for a seat in the [[U.S. Senate]], he sought entry into the Huron Mountain Club. Since the club limited its membership, Ford worked to improve his chances. His admission would ultimately come when M-35 construction was halted in the Huron Mountains.<ref name="rydholm"/>
Line 76: Line 77:
Hunters, campers, hikers, fishermen, and some landowners opposed highway construction near the Huron Mountains. Rydholm said, "...&nbsp;there seemed to be no groundswell of sentiment in favor of it, but it looked as the though the die was cast and nothing could be done to stop it".<ref name="rydholm"/> The Huron Mountain Club members opposed the highway because it would open vast reaches of the back country and might harm the wilderness. Highway construction would also open the possibility of a resort hotel; William C. Weber, a real estate developer from Detroit, owned property along Mountain Lake, in northern Marquette County. A [[Michigan Attorney General|Michigan attorney general]]'s opinion provided a way for blocking the road if two-thirds of the property over which the road would pass was owned by people opposed to the project. The proposed highway was to cross two {{convert|40|acre|sigfig=2|adj=on}} parcels of Huron Mountain Club property, but that was not enough to halt construction.<ref name="mayor"/>
Hunters, campers, hikers, fishermen, and some landowners opposed highway construction near the Huron Mountains. Rydholm said, "...&nbsp;there seemed to be no groundswell of sentiment in favor of it, but it looked as the though the die was cast and nothing could be done to stop it".<ref name="rydholm"/> The Huron Mountain Club members opposed the highway because it would open vast reaches of the back country and might harm the wilderness. Highway construction would also open the possibility of a resort hotel; William C. Weber, a real estate developer from Detroit, owned property along Mountain Lake, in northern Marquette County. A [[Michigan Attorney General|Michigan attorney general]]'s opinion provided a way for blocking the road if two-thirds of the property over which the road would pass was owned by people opposed to the project. The proposed highway was to cross two {{convert|40|acre|sigfig=2|adj=on}} parcels of Huron Mountain Club property, but that was not enough to halt construction.<ref name="mayor"/>


In 1926, Hebard was elected the new president at the Huron Mountain Club<ref name="rydholm"/> and changed its rules for admission.<ref name="mayor"/> Before the changes, all existing members voted on new admissions, and four "no" votes meant rejection. After Hebard's changes, only club directors could vote, and only one "no" was needed to block election.<ref name="mayor"/> In 1927, the road grading for M-35 had reached the Salmon Trout River. That same year, Ford bought more land near Mountain Lake. This property encompassed more than the requisite two-thirds necessary to stop construction of the road. In 1928, the road was moved to connect with the Big Bay Road (CR&nbsp;550), leaving the stub of "Blind 35" behind.<ref name="rydholm"/> According to club records, "by 1929, M-35 was dead in its tracks and Henry Ford was a member".<ref name="mayor"/> To commemorate his membership, Ford built a white pine log cabin on club property that cost between $80,000 and $100,000 in 1929 (equivalent to ${{Formatnum:{{Inflation|US-GDP|80000|1929|r=-4}}}} to ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US-GDP|100000|1929|r=0}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|last-author-amp=yes}}).<ref name="rydholm"/>
In 1926, Hebard was elected the new president at the Huron Mountain Club<ref name="rydholm"/> and changed its rules for admission.<ref name="mayor"/> Before the changes, all existing members voted on new admissions, and four "no" votes meant rejection. After Hebard's changes, only club directors could vote, and only one "no" was needed to block election.<ref name="mayor"/> In 1927, the road grading for M-35 had reached the Salmon Trout River. That same year, Ford bought more land near Mountain Lake. This property encompassed more than the requisite two-thirds necessary to stop construction of the road. In 1928, the road was moved to connect with the Big Bay Road (CR&nbsp;550), leaving the stub of "Blind 35" behind.<ref name="rydholm"/> According to club records, "by 1929, M-35 was dead in its tracks and Henry Ford was a member".<ref name="mayor"/> To commemorate his membership, Ford built a white pine log cabin on club property that cost between $80,000 and $100,000 in 1929 (equivalent to ${{Formatnum:{{Inflation|US-GDP|80000|1929|r=-4}}}} to ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US-GDP|100000|1929|r=0}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|name-list-style=amp}}).<ref name="rydholm"/>


=== After Ford ===
=== After Ford ===
In 1939, M-35 from Negaunee to Big Bay to L'Anse was officially canceled as a state trunkline highway.<ref name="MSHD38">{{cite MDOT map |date = 1938-05-01 |section = B5 }}</ref><ref name="MSHD39">{{cite MDOT map |date = 1939-07-15 |section = B5 }}</ref> Constructed portions were turned over to local control, becoming Skanee Road in Baraga County and CR&nbsp;510 in Marquette County. This left a discontinuous routing for 13&nbsp;years. The southern segment of M-35 ran from Menominee to Negaunee, and the northern segment ran from Baraga to Ontonagon along the modern [[M-38 (Michigan highway)|M-38]]. The two segments were rejoined in 1953, closing the gap left by the cancelled Huron Mountain route. M-35 signs were added to existing highway signs westward from the end of the southern segment at Negaunee along US&nbsp;41/M-28 and US&nbsp;41 to Baraga, to connect with the northern segment westward to Ontonagon.<ref name="MSHD53">{{cite MDOT map |date = 1953-04-15 |sections = B3–B5 }}</ref>
In 1939, M-35 from Negaunee to Big Bay to L'Anse was officially canceled as a state trunkline highway.<ref name="MSHD38">{{cite MDOT map |date = 1938-05-01 |section = B5 }}</ref><ref name="MSHD39">{{cite MDOT map |date = 1939-07-15 |section = B5 }}</ref> Constructed portions were turned over to local control, becoming Skanee Road in Baraga County and CR&nbsp;510 in Marquette County. This left a discontinuous routing for 13&nbsp;years. The southern segment of M-35 ran from Menominee to Negaunee, and the northern segment ran from Baraga to Ontonagon along the modern [[M-38 (Michigan highway)|M-38]]. The two segments were rejoined in 1953, closing the gap left by the cancelled Huron Mountain route. M-35 signs were added to existing highway signs westward from the end of the southern segment at Negaunee along US&nbsp;41/M-28 and US&nbsp;41 to Baraga, to connect with the northern segment westward to Ontonagon.<ref name="MSHD53">{{cite MDOT map |date = 1953-04-15 |sections = B3–B5 }}</ref>


In 1964, several abandoned underground mine shafts collapsed underneath the roadway, forcing a rerouting of M-35 out of the City of Negaunee.<ref name="ROWMC">{{cite map |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |date = n.d. |location = Lansing |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |map-url = http://mdotwas1.mdot.state.mi.us/public/ROWFiles/results.cfm?Dir=Marquette |map-format = PDF |title = Right-of-Way File Application |map = Marquette County |at = Sheets 73–76 |accessdate = May 8, 2008 |scale = Scale not given }} Right of way for the M-35 relocation was purchased between March 20, 1964, and October 12, 1964.</ref> Before the rerouting, M-35 was routed from Palmer north to Negaunee using a portion of County Road near Lucy Hill. It also followed Silver Street connecting with part of [[M-28 Business (Ishpeming-Negaunee, Michigan)|Business M-28]], a business loop of M-28, through downtown Negaunee to US&nbsp;41 north of town. This former segment is still shown on some maps (such as [[Google Maps]]) as "Old&nbsp;M-35".<ref name="googleN">{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Negaunee,+MI+49866&layer=&ie=UTF8&z=13&ll=46.484683,-87.582321&spn=0.074464,0.176468&om=1 |title = Negaunee, MI |access-date = March 15, 2007 |link = no }}</ref> Since this rerouting, M-35 runs from Palmer past Goose Lake to end in [[Negaunee Township, Michigan|Negaunee Township]]. The only ''naturbahn'', or natural track, [[luge]] run in North America{{#tag:ref|The style of luge seen in the [[Winter Olympics]] and other international competitions is called ''kunstbahn'' and uses artificial refrigeration to form the ice surface in banked curves, while ''naturbahn'' uses natural ice frozen on a flat surface.<ref name=meyer>{{cite news |last = Meyer |first = Zlati |date = February 23, 2014 |title = You Haven't Lived Here Until... You Slide Down the Naturbahn Luge Track in Negaunee |url = http://www.freep.com/article/20140223/NEWS06/302230020 |work = [[Detroit Free Press]] |accessdate = February 23, 2014 }}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} crosses the former routing of M-35 in Negaunee.<ref name="hunts-luge">{{harvp|Hunt|Hunt|2007|loc=[http://hunts-upguide.com/negaunee_lucy_hill_naturbahn_luge.html "Negaunee: Lucy Hill Naturbahn Luge"]}}.</ref> This luge run crosses over the abandoned street at the end of County Road at Lucy Hill.<ref name="googleN"/>
In 1964, several abandoned underground mine shafts collapsed underneath the roadway, forcing a rerouting of M-35 out of the City of Negaunee.<ref name="ROWMC">{{cite map |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |date = n.d. |location = Lansing |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |map-url = http://mdotwas1.mdot.state.mi.us/public/ROWFiles/results.cfm?Dir=Marquette |map-format = PDF |title = Right-of-Way File Application |map = Marquette County |at = Sheets 73–76 |access-date = May 8, 2008 |scale = Scale not given }} Right of way for the M-35 relocation was purchased between March 20, 1964, and October 12, 1964.</ref> Before the rerouting, M-35 was routed from Palmer north to Negaunee using a portion of County Road near Lucy Hill. It also followed Silver Street connecting with part of [[M-28 Business (Ishpeming-Negaunee, Michigan)|Business M-28]], a business loop of M-28, through downtown Negaunee to US&nbsp;41 north of town. This former segment is still shown on some maps (such as [[Google Maps]]) as "Old&nbsp;M-35".<ref name="googleN">{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Negaunee,+MI+49866&layer=&ie=UTF8&z=13&ll=46.484683,-87.582321&spn=0.074464,0.176468&om=1 |title = Negaunee, Michigan |access-date = March 15, 2007 |link = no }}</ref> Since this rerouting, M-35 runs from Palmer past Goose Lake to end in [[Negaunee Township, Michigan|Negaunee Township]]. The only ''naturbahn'', or natural track, [[luge]] run in North America{{#tag:ref|The style of luge seen in the [[Winter Olympics]] and other international competitions is called ''kunstbahn'' and uses artificial refrigeration to form the ice surface in banked curves, while ''naturbahn'' uses natural ice frozen on a flat surface.<ref name=meyer>{{cite news |last = Meyer |first = Zlati |date = February 23, 2014 |title = You Haven't Lived Here Until... You Slide Down the Naturbahn Luge Track in Negaunee |url = http://www.freep.com/article/20140223/NEWS06/302230020 |work = [[Detroit Free Press]] |access-date = February 23, 2014 }}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} crosses the former routing of M-35 in Negaunee.<ref name="hunts-luge">{{harvp|Hunt|Hunt|2007|loc=[http://hunts-upguide.com/negaunee_lucy_hill_naturbahn_luge.html "Negaunee: Lucy Hill Naturbahn Luge"]}}.</ref> This luge run crosses over the abandoned street at the end of County Road at Lucy Hill.<ref name="googleN"/>


The last major changes to M-35 came in January 1969 when the section from Baraga to Ontonagon was given the M-38 designation. The M-35 concurrencies were removed along US&nbsp;41/M-28 and US&nbsp;41 in Marquette and Baraga counties. This change shortened the highway designation and moved the northern terminus to the present location in Negaunee Township.<ref>{{cite news |title = Route Name Is Changed |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13834260/m35_changes_december_4_1968/ |work = [[Ironwood Daily Globe]] |date = December 4, 1968 |page = 10 |access-date = September 17, 2017 |via = [[Newspapers.com]] }}{{open access}}</ref> Since then, sections of the roadway were realigned in [[Richmond Township, Marquette County, Michigan|Richmond Township]] south of Palmer to straighten some of the many curves between Palmer and Gwinn in 1989.<ref name="ROWMC2">{{cite map |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |date = n.d. |location = Lansing |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |scale = Scale not given |map-url = http://mdotwas1.mdot.state.mi.us/public/ROWFiles/files/Marquette/sheet078.pdf |map-format = PDF |title = Right-of-Way File Application |map = Marquette County |accessdate = May 8, 2008 |at = Sheet 78 }}</ref> MDOT constructed a new 20-space commuter parking lot at the southern terminus of M-553 at M-35 in August 2008 as part of an effort to offer expanded ride-sharing opportunities in Marquette County.<ref name="mclpr">{{cite press release |first = James |last = Lake |title = MDOT Building New Lot for Marquette County Commuters |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |date = August 19, 2008 |url = http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9620_11057-198497--,00.html |accessdate = August 26, 2008 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081211121803/https://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0%2C1607%2C7-151-9620_11057-198497--%2C00.html |archivedate = December 11, 2008 |df = }}</ref>
The last major changes to M-35 came in January 1969 when the section from Baraga to Ontonagon was given the M-38 designation. The M-35 concurrencies were removed along US&nbsp;41/M-28 and US&nbsp;41 in Marquette and Baraga counties. This change shortened the highway designation and moved the northern terminus to the present location in Negaunee Township.<ref>{{cite news |title = Route Name Is Changed |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13834260/m35_changes_december_4_1968/ |work = [[Ironwood Daily Globe]] |date = December 4, 1968 |page = 10 |access-date = September 17, 2017 |via = [[Newspapers.com]] }}</ref> Since then, sections of the roadway were realigned in [[Richmond Township, Marquette County, Michigan|Richmond Township]] south of Palmer to straighten some of the many curves between Palmer and Gwinn in 1989.<ref name="ROWMC2">{{cite map |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |date = n.d. |location = Lansing |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |scale = Scale not given |map-url = http://mdotwas1.mdot.state.mi.us/public/ROWFiles/files/Marquette/sheet078.pdf |map-format = PDF |title = Right-of-Way File Application |map = Marquette County |access-date = May 8, 2008 |at = Sheet 78 }}</ref> MDOT constructed a new 20-space commuter parking lot at the southern terminus of M-553 at M-35 in August 2008 as part of an effort to offer expanded ride-sharing opportunities in Marquette County.<ref name="mclpr">{{cite press release |first = James |last = Lake |title = MDOT Building New Lot for Marquette County Commuters |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |date = August 19, 2008 |url = http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9620_11057-198497--,00.html |access-date = August 26, 2008 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081211121803/https://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0%2C1607%2C7-151-9620_11057-198497--%2C00.html |archive-date = December 11, 2008 }}</ref>


==Tourist routes==
==Tourist routes==
The southern section of M-35 is a part of the [[Lake Michigan Circle Tour]] (LMCT).<ref name="MDOT14"/> This tour was created in May 1986 through a joint effort between MDOT and its counterparts in Wisconsin, [[Minnesota]] and Ontario.<ref name=davis1986-05-01>{{cite news |last = Davis |first = R. Matt |title = Signs to Mark Lake Circle Tour |work = [[The Daily Mining Gazette]] |location = Houghton, MI |date = May 1, 1986 |page = 16 |oclc = 9940134 }}</ref> On August 26, 2007, MDOT designated the southern section of M-35 along Lake Michigan as the UP Hidden Coast Recreational Heritage Trail running for {{convert|64|mi|km|0}} between Menominee and Gladstone.<ref name="hunts-gb">{{harvp|Hunt|Hunt|2007|loc=[http://hunts-upguide.com/m_35_along_the_green_bay_shore.html "M-35 Along the Green Bay Shore"]}}.</ref><ref name="tv6-2">{{cite news |title = MDOT Declares UP Road as Heritage Route |date = August 28, 2007 |publisher = [[WLUC-TV]] |location = Negaunee, MI }}</ref> As a part of the [[Pure Michigan Byway]]s Program, M-35 passes the mouths of the [[Cedar River (Menominee County, Michigan)|Cedar]] and [[Bark River (Michigan)|Bark]] rivers. [[Wells State Park (Michigan)|Wells State Park]] is located on M-35 in [[Cedar River, Michigan|Cedar River]]<ref name="MDOT14"/> and Fuller Park is at the mouth of the Bark River.<ref name="hunts-fp">{{harvp|Hunt|Hunt|2007|loc=[http://hunts-upguide.com/m_35_along_the_green_bay_shore_fuller_park.html "M-35 Along the Green Bay Shore: Fuller Park"]}}.</ref>
The southern section of M-35 is a part of the [[Lake Michigan Circle Tour]] (LMCT).<ref name="MDOT14"/> This tour was created in May 1986 through a joint effort between MDOT and its counterparts in Wisconsin, [[Minnesota]] and Ontario.<ref name=davis1986-05-01>{{cite news |last = Davis |first = R. Matt |title = Signs to Mark Lake Circle Tour |work = [[The Daily Mining Gazette]] |location = Houghton, Michigan |date = May 1, 1986 |page = 16 |oclc = 9940134 }}</ref> On August 26, 2007, MDOT designated the southern section of M-35 along Lake Michigan as the UP Hidden Coast Recreational Heritage Trail running for {{convert|64|mi|km|0}} between Menominee and Gladstone.<ref name="hunts-gb">{{harvp|Hunt|Hunt|2007|loc=[http://hunts-upguide.com/m_35_along_the_green_bay_shore.html "M-35 Along the Green Bay Shore"]}}.</ref><ref name="tv6-2">{{cite news |title = MDOT Declares UP Road as Heritage Route |date = August 28, 2007 |publisher = [[WLUC-TV]] |location = Negaunee, Michigan }}</ref> As a part of the [[Pure Michigan Byway]]s Program, M-35 passes the mouths of the [[Cedar River (Menominee County, Michigan)|Cedar]] and [[Bark River (Michigan)|Bark]] rivers. [[Wells State Park (Michigan)|Wells State Park]] is located on M-35 in [[Cedar River, Michigan|Cedar River]]<ref name="MDOT14"/> and Fuller Park is at the mouth of the Bark River.<ref name="hunts-fp">{{harvp|Hunt|Hunt|2007|loc=[http://hunts-upguide.com/m_35_along_the_green_bay_shore_fuller_park.html "M-35 Along the Green Bay Shore: Fuller Park"]}}.</ref>
MDOT's press release states:
In a press release, MDOT's James Lake states:
{{Quote|The Heritage Route passes through both Delta and Menominee counties on the western shoreline of [[Lake Michigan]] in the central [[Upper Peninsula]], and features parks, waterways, forests, trails, attractions, boat launches, harbors, and campgrounds. Suggested stops range from cultural centers and modern entertainment, to historical sites and natural attractions.|James Lake|MDOT<ref name="mdot35">{{cite press release |first = James |last = Lake |title = M-35 Named UP Hidden Coast Recreation Heritage Route |date = August 26, 2007 |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |url = http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9620-174951--,00.html |accessdate = August 29, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929140434/http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0%2C1607%2C7-151-9620-174951--%2C00.html |archive-date = September 29, 2007 |deadurl = yes |df = }}</ref>}}
{{Quote|The Heritage Route passes through both Delta and Menominee counties on the western shoreline of [[Lake Michigan]] in the central [[Upper Peninsula]], and features parks, waterways, forests, trails, attractions, boat launches, harbors, and campgrounds. Suggested stops range from cultural centers and modern entertainment, to historical sites and natural attractions.<ref name="mdot35">{{cite press release |first = James |last = Lake |title = M-35 Named UP Hidden Coast Recreation Heritage Route |date = August 26, 2007 |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |url = http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9620-174951--,00.html |access-date = August 29, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929140434/http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0%2C1607%2C7-151-9620-174951--%2C00.html |archive-date = September 29, 2007 |url-status = dead }}</ref>}}


== Major intersections ==
== Major intersections ==
Line 129: Line 130:
|mile=67.955
|mile=67.955
|road={{jct|state=MI|CR|186|county1=Delta|name1=Brampton Road, 27.5 Road|city1=Rapid River|dir1=east}}
|road={{jct|state=MI|CR|186|county1=Delta|name1=Brampton Road, 27.5 Road|city1=Rapid River|dir1=east}}
|notes=Western terminus of OLD&nbsp;[[M-186 (Michigan highway)|M-186]]}}
|notes=Western terminus of former M-186}}
{{MIint
{{MIint
|county=Marquette
|county=Marquette
Line 176: Line 177:


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==

Revision as of 01:11, 5 August 2024

M-35 marker
M-35
Map
M-35 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by MDOT
Length128.388 mi[1] (206.620 km)
Existedc. July 1, 1919[2]–present
Tourist
routes		 Lake Michigan Circle Tour
UP Hidden Coast Recreational Heritage Trail
Major junctions
South end US 41 at Menominee
Major intersections
North end US 41 / M-28 near Negaunee
Location
CountryUnited States
StateMichigan
CountiesMenominee, Delta, Marquette
Highway system
← M-34→ M-36

M-35 is a state trunkline highway in the Upper Peninsula (UP) of the US state of Michigan. It runs for 128 miles (206 km) in a general north–south direction and connects the cities of Menominee, Escanaba, and Negaunee. The southern section of M-35 in Menominee and Delta counties carries two additional designations; M-35 forms a segment of the Lake Michigan Circle Tour, and it is the UP Hidden Coast Recreational Heritage Trail, which is a part of what is now called the Pure Michigan Byways Program. Along the southern section, the highway is the closest trunkline to the Green Bay, a section of Lake Michigan. The northern section of the highway turns inland through sylvan areas of the UP, connecting rural portions of Delta and Marquette counties.

M-35 is an original state trunkline that was first signposted in 1919, that was intended to run from Menominee in the south to near Big Bay in the north, before it was to turn toward L'Anse to end at Ontonagon. However, the section through the Huron Mountains in northern Marquette and Baraga counties was never built. Automobile pioneer Henry Ford helped halt this construction to gain favor with and membership into the exclusive Huron Mountain Club. Some discontinuous sections were later ceded to local control. The northern segment of the route between Ontonagon and Baraga was retained as a discontinuous segment of the highway; this northern segment was later redesignated as another state trunkline. The northern end was later rerouted out of the City of Negaunee into Negaunee Township to avoid mining activity near Palmer.

Route description

M-35 is primarily a two-lane roadway, with the exception of the nearly 8+1⁄2-mile-long (13.7 km) section between Escanaba and Gladstone;[1] this section is a four-lane divided highway that runs concurrently with US Highway 2/US Highway 41 (US 2/US 41).[3] M-35 is also listed on the National Highway System along the US 2/US 41 concurrency.[4] The southern terminus is in Menominee. From there, M-35 runs northeasterly to the Escanaba area before turning northwesterly to its northern terminus outside of Negaunee in Negaunee Township.[3]

Menominee to Gladstone

Looking south at M-35 from the terminus of G-12 in Menominee County

The southern terminus of M-35 is at the corner of 10th Street (US 41) and North Shore Drive north of downtown Menominee. It is a Y-shaped intersection near John Henes Park. This park sits on 50 acres (20 ha) of land, and it was donated to the City of Menominee by German-American brewer John O. Henes in 1907.[5] M-35 leads northeast from the intersection before turning north to head out of town. The highway runs northeasterly following the shoreline of the Green Bay, toward Escanaba. M-35 between Menominee and Gladstone forms part of the Lake Michigan Circle Tour and comprises a section of the UP Hidden Coast Michigan Recreational Heritage Route, one of the Pure Michigan Byways.[3]

At the Menominee–Delta county line, M-35 passes from the Central to the Eastern Time Zone.[3] After entering the south side of Escanaba, M-35 runs into town on Lake Shore Drive, passing to the south and east of the Delta County Airport before turning onto Lincoln Road. Just west of downtown, US 2/US 41 join M-35 at the intersection of Ludington Street and Lincoln Road. Ludington and Lincoln form the east–west and north–south axes respectively of the Escanaba street numbering grid. From these two streets, the east–west avenues and north–south streets are numbered in a grid in the City of Escanaba.[6] US 2/US 41 enter Escanaba from the west along Ludington Street, turning north along Lincoln Road, joining M-35. Here, M-35 joins the National Highway System,[4] which is a road system important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility.[7]

From Escanaba, M-35 runs concurrently with US 2 and US 41 to Gladstone, where M-35 logs its highest average annual daily traffic (AADT) counts. The 2012 AADT figures show that an average of 14,744 vehicles use the highway per day on a segment in north Escanaba.[8] Between the two cities, US 2/US 41/M-35 crosses the Escanaba River near the mouth just south of a paper mill.[9] North of the Escanaba, the highway follows the shoreline of Little Bay de Noc to Gladstone. M-35 separates from US 2/US 41 at an intersection with 4th Avenue North in Gladstone. This also marks the location where the National Highway System, Lake Michigan Circle Tour and Pure Michigan Byway designations end on M-35.[3][4][10]

Gladstone to Negaunee

A roadway leading away into the distance before curving in front of a large pile of waste rock
Waste rock piles from the Empire Mine along M-35 southbound approaching Palmer

M-35 turns northwesterly in Gladstone through northern Delta County and southern Marquette County and crosses the Days River in Brampton. From Perkins north, M-35 runs parallel to the rail line between the iron mines of Marquette County and Escanaba. The station of Maple Ridge was located in the community of Rock along this line. M-35 crosses into Marquette County in the unincorporated location of McFarland and crosses the rail line before reaching the Little Lake in the community of the same name. The highway runs east–west through Little Lake to Gwinn.[3]

Built as a company town by the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, Gwinn is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the "Gwinn Model Town Historic District, Forsyth Township, Marquette County, Michigan".[11] M-35 follows Stephenson Avenue through the neighborhood of New Swanzy westward to the community of Gwinn. Inside Gwinn, the highway follows Pine Street northwest, passing through the downtown and into residential areas along Pine and Iron streets.[12]

M-35 runs northwest of Gwinn to Palmer along the outskirts of Cleveland-Cliffs' Empire Mine, where large piles of waste rock from the mining operations tower over the roadway. According to the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT), the segment through Palmer logged the highway's lowest AADT, only 487 vehicles per day, in 2012.[8] North of Palmer, M-35 runs past Goose Lake to end in Negaunee Township. The northern terminus is 3.6 miles (5.8 km) east of Negaunee, just east of the former Marquette County Airport and the studios of WLUC-TV on US 41/M-28.[13]

History

A map of northern Marquette and Baraga counties in Michigan's Upper Peninsula showing US 41/M-28 running through the central part of the counties. M-35 extends north into the Huron Mountains region with the central segment marked as "Impassable".
A section of the 1932 Michigan State Dept. of Highways road map showing M-35 in northern Marquette and Baraga counties[14]

The first path along part of the modern M-35 roadway was the Sault and Green Bay Trail, an old Native American trail, between Menominee and Escanaba. This trail continued eastward from Escanaba to Sault Ste. Marie and southerly to Green Bay, Wisconsin. It was a narrow path of approximately 12–18 inches (30–50 cm) in width, wide enough to permit single-file traffic.[15] Another route, the Carp River Trail, paralleled the path of M-35 from Escanaba to the Marquette area as well. These footpaths were later used for the basis of gravel roads a century before the modern state highway system was created.[16]

On May 13, 1913, the Legislature created the state's highway system; M-35 was not initially included.[17] The system was signposted six year later, and M-35 was to run from M-12/M-15 (modern US 2/US 41) at Gladstone in the south to Palmer before terminating in Negaunee at M-15 (modern US 41). Several maps showed M-35 continuing north to L'Anse.[2][14] At the time of M-35's creation, another designation, M-91, was assigned to a highway from Menominee northward to Cedar River.[2] By 1930, M-35 was extended southerly along US 2/US 41 from Gladstone to Escanaba. From there, M-35 continued as a new highway along the Green Bay shoreline to Cedar River and supplanted M-91.[18]

Huron Mountains

In 1919, the State Department of Highways, forerunner to today's MDOT, designated a scenic shoreline trunkline to run north from Negaunee to Skanee and L'Anse by way of Big Bay. The highway would continue from the L'Anse and Baraga area to eventually end at Ontonagon at an intersection with M-64.[18] Local Upper Peninsula historian Fred Rydholm summarized the routing planned in 1925 as extending "... in a northwesterly direction, across the Dead River, over the Panorama Hills, then west past the Elm Creek swamp, along the south side of Burnt Mountain, across the Cedar Creek, the Cliff Stream and out past Cliff Lake to Skanee and L'Anse".[19] This highway was designated as an extension of M-35, which ended in downtown Negaunee. Work was completed on a significant portion of the route in Marquette County by 1926. M-35 was routed east along M-15 toward Marquette before turning north-northwesterly toward Big Bay. This section of roadway follows the modern County Road 510 (CR 510) in Marquette County. Similar work was completed in Baraga County connecting L'Anse and Skanee by 1932.[14]

Construction on the two ends left the center portion through the Huron Mountains unfinished and shown on state maps as a dashed line marked "impassable".[14] One section running northwesterly from the modern CR 510 toward the Salmon Trout River, complete with guard rails and cement culverts[19] has been called "Blind 35" since.[20]

The Steel Bridge

Historic photo of the Steel Bridge over the Dead River
The Steel Bridge carrying M-35 over the Dead River in 1922

One of the first tasks for the State Highway Department was bridging the Dead River in Negaunee Township, three miles (4.8 km) north of US 41.[21] The state solved the problem by buying a bridge in Pennsylvania, where bridges of this design were more common.[21] MDOT describes the bridge as:

... a rare Pennsylvania through truss highway bridge, particularly because of the length [271 feet or 83 meters] of this single span. It was purchased by the State Highway Department in 1919, moved from an unspecified Allegheny River site, probably considerably upstream from Pittsburgh, and then erected on this site in 1921.[22]

The bridge is still in place over the Dead River and previously carried CR 510 as the successor to M-35 in northern Marquette County.[23] Known locally as "The Old Bridge" or "The Steel Bridge", it survived a May 15, 2003, flood caused by the breaching of the Silver Lake Dam.[22][24] The Marquette County Road Commission had announced plans in 2006 to bypass the Steel Bridge with a modern replacement, leaving the existing bridge as a footpath or bike path.[25] Construction on the bypass road and replacement bridge was begun in October 2007. The concrete work for the replacement span was started in late 2009, with an original projected completion date of November 1, 2010. The new crossing is 100 feet (30 m) above river level compared to the 10 feet (3 m) for the 1921 span. The total budget for bridge construction was $4.5 million (equivalent to $4.8 million in 2023[26]) with an additional $1.7 million (equivalent to $2.3 million in 2023[26]) for the approach work; the project had an 80 percent federal, 15 percent state and 5 percent county funding split.[27] The new bridge opened to traffic in September 2010, diverting traffic from the Steel Bridge. Completion of the new span came after about a decade of planning.[23]

Henry Ford

Records of the Huron Mountain Club, an exclusive private organization with large land holdings in northern Michigan, show that Henry Ford visited the Upper Peninsula many times, including at least once with Harvey Firestone and Thomas Edison on Ford's yacht, Sialia. Many of these trips involved research to keep his operations supplied.[28] His UP land provided wood for the manufacture of Ford automobiles such as the Model T, which required 250 board feet (0.59 m3) of lumber per car.[19] Ford, who was considering becoming the "owner–producer–handler" of the resources he needed, invested in sawmills in Alberta and Kingsford. He also bought the entire town of Pequaming, along the shores of the Keweenaw Bay. The town belonged to Dan Hebard, who also sold Ford a sawmill, tugboats, a 14-room bungalow, and land near the Huron Mountain Club. Hebard retired to spend his summers at a cabin on the Pine River on land belonging to the Club.[19]

Ford built a hydroelectric dam along the Menominee River to supply power to the Kingsford mill, bought the Imperial Mine, and opened the Blueberry Mine near Ishpeming to supply iron ore. The Ford Railroad was constructed between L'Anse and the Cliff River for his logging operations on 300,000 acres (100,000 ha) of timberland purchased in 1922. He often visited the Upper Peninsula on business, but as early as 1917, the year he ran for a seat in the U.S. Senate, he sought entry into the Huron Mountain Club. Since the club limited its membership, Ford worked to improve his chances. His admission would ultimately come when M-35 construction was halted in the Huron Mountains.[19]

Hunters, campers, hikers, fishermen, and some landowners opposed highway construction near the Huron Mountains. Rydholm said, "... there seemed to be no groundswell of sentiment in favor of it, but it looked as the though the die was cast and nothing could be done to stop it".[19] The Huron Mountain Club members opposed the highway because it would open vast reaches of the back country and might harm the wilderness. Highway construction would also open the possibility of a resort hotel; William C. Weber, a real estate developer from Detroit, owned property along Mountain Lake, in northern Marquette County. A Michigan attorney general's opinion provided a way for blocking the road if two-thirds of the property over which the road would pass was owned by people opposed to the project. The proposed highway was to cross two 40-acre (16 ha) parcels of Huron Mountain Club property, but that was not enough to halt construction.[28]

In 1926, Hebard was elected the new president at the Huron Mountain Club[19] and changed its rules for admission.[28] Before the changes, all existing members voted on new admissions, and four "no" votes meant rejection. After Hebard's changes, only club directors could vote, and only one "no" was needed to block election.[28] In 1927, the road grading for M-35 had reached the Salmon Trout River. That same year, Ford bought more land near Mountain Lake. This property encompassed more than the requisite two-thirds necessary to stop construction of the road. In 1928, the road was moved to connect with the Big Bay Road (CR 550), leaving the stub of "Blind 35" behind.[19] According to club records, "by 1929, M-35 was dead in its tracks and Henry Ford was a member".[28] To commemorate his membership, Ford built a white pine log cabin on club property that cost between $80,000 and $100,000 in 1929 (equivalent to $1,120,000 to $1.4 million in 2023[26]).[19]

After Ford

In 1939, M-35 from Negaunee to Big Bay to L'Anse was officially canceled as a state trunkline highway.[29][30] Constructed portions were turned over to local control, becoming Skanee Road in Baraga County and CR 510 in Marquette County. This left a discontinuous routing for 13 years. The southern segment of M-35 ran from Menominee to Negaunee, and the northern segment ran from Baraga to Ontonagon along the modern M-38. The two segments were rejoined in 1953, closing the gap left by the cancelled Huron Mountain route. M-35 signs were added to existing highway signs westward from the end of the southern segment at Negaunee along US 41/M-28 and US 41 to Baraga, to connect with the northern segment westward to Ontonagon.[31]

In 1964, several abandoned underground mine shafts collapsed underneath the roadway, forcing a rerouting of M-35 out of the City of Negaunee.[32] Before the rerouting, M-35 was routed from Palmer north to Negaunee using a portion of County Road near Lucy Hill. It also followed Silver Street connecting with part of Business M-28, a business loop of M-28, through downtown Negaunee to US 41 north of town. This former segment is still shown on some maps (such as Google Maps) as "Old M-35".[13] Since this rerouting, M-35 runs from Palmer past Goose Lake to end in Negaunee Township. The only naturbahn, or natural track, luge run in North America[a] crosses the former routing of M-35 in Negaunee.[34] This luge run crosses over the abandoned street at the end of County Road at Lucy Hill.[13]

The last major changes to M-35 came in January 1969 when the section from Baraga to Ontonagon was given the M-38 designation. The M-35 concurrencies were removed along US 41/M-28 and US 41 in Marquette and Baraga counties. This change shortened the highway designation and moved the northern terminus to the present location in Negaunee Township.[35] Since then, sections of the roadway were realigned in Richmond Township south of Palmer to straighten some of the many curves between Palmer and Gwinn in 1989.[36] MDOT constructed a new 20-space commuter parking lot at the southern terminus of M-553 at M-35 in August 2008 as part of an effort to offer expanded ride-sharing opportunities in Marquette County.[37]

Tourist routes

The southern section of M-35 is a part of the Lake Michigan Circle Tour (LMCT).[3] This tour was created in May 1986 through a joint effort between MDOT and its counterparts in Wisconsin, Minnesota and Ontario.[38] On August 26, 2007, MDOT designated the southern section of M-35 along Lake Michigan as the UP Hidden Coast Recreational Heritage Trail running for 64 miles (103 km) between Menominee and Gladstone.[39][40] As a part of the Pure Michigan Byways Program, M-35 passes the mouths of the Cedar and Bark rivers. Wells State Park is located on M-35 in Cedar River[3] and Fuller Park is at the mouth of the Bark River.[41] In a press release, MDOT's James Lake states:

The Heritage Route passes through both Delta and Menominee counties on the western shoreline of Lake Michigan in the central Upper Peninsula, and features parks, waterways, forests, trails, attractions, boat launches, harbors, and campgrounds. Suggested stops range from cultural centers and modern entertainment, to historical sites and natural attractions.[10]

Major intersections

CountyLocationmi[1]kmDestinationsNotes
MenomineeMenominee0.0000.000
 US 41 / LMCT south – Powers, Marinette, Green Bay		Southern end of LMCT concurrency
Cedar River23.06537.120
 G-12 west (Cedar River Road) – Stephenson		Western terminus of G-12
DeltaEscanaba52.22784.051

 US 2 west / US 41 south (Ludington Street) – Powers, Iron Mountain		South end of US 2/US 41 concurrency
Gladstone59.23595.329
 CR 426 west – Arnold		Eastern terminus of CR 426
60.64597.599


 US 2 east / US 41 north / LMCT east – Manistique, Marquette		North end of US 2/US 41/LMCT concurrency
Brampton67.955109.363
 CR 186 east (Brampton Road, 27.5 Road) – Rapid River		Western terminus of former M-186
MarquetteLittle Lake97.301156.591
 CR 456 west (Little Lake Road) – Skandia		Eastern terminus of CR 456
Gwinn101.121162.738
 M-553 north – Marquette		Southern terminus of M-553
106.015170.615
 CR 557 south – Arnold		Northern terminus of CR 557
Palmer118.624190.907

 CR 565 west (Missouri Road) to CR 476 – National Mine		Eastern terminus of CR 565
Negaunee Township124.781200.816 CR 480 – Negaunee, Sands Township
126.715–
126.744		203.928–
203.975		 CR 492A concurrency of 153 feet (47 m) to cross railroad tracks; M-35 traffic yields to CR 492
128.388206.620 US 41 / M-28 / LSCT – Negaunee, Marquette
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

  • Interstate 275, another highway in Michigan with a northern extension cancelled by landowner opposition

Notes

  1. ^ The style of luge seen in the Winter Olympics and other international competitions is called kunstbahn and uses artificial refrigeration to form the ice surface in banked curves, while naturbahn uses natural ice frozen on a flat surface.[33]

References

  1. ^ a b c Michigan Department of Transportation (2021). Next Generation PR Finder (Map). Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Michigan State Highway Department (July 1, 1919). State of Michigan (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Upper Peninsula sheet. OCLC 15607244. Retrieved December 18, 2016 – via Michigan State University Libraries.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Michigan Department of Transportation (2014). Pure Michigan: State Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:975,000. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. §§ E5–F6. OCLC 42778335, 900162490.
  4. ^ a b c Michigan Department of Transportation (April 23, 2006). National Highway System, Michigan (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 4, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2008.
  5. ^ Hunt, Mary & Hunt, Don (2007). "Henes Park". Hunts' Guide to Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Albion, Michigan: Midwestern Guides. Retrieved August 29, 2007.
  6. ^ "Escanaba, Michigan" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  7. ^ Slater, Rodney E. (Spring 1996). "The National Highway System: A Commitment To America's Future". Public Roads. 59 (4). Federal Highway Administration. ISSN 0033-3735. OCLC 1586080. Retrieved February 3, 2011.
  8. ^ a b Bureau of Transportation Planning (2008). "Traffic Monitoring Information System". Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
  9. ^ Hunt & Hunt (2007), "Escanaba".
  10. ^ a b Lake, James (August 26, 2007). "M-35 Named UP Hidden Coast Recreation Heritage Route" (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved August 29, 2007.
  11. ^ National Park Service (June 24, 2002). "National Register of Historic Places: Michigan, Marquette County". National Register of Historic Places. Retrieved August 29, 2007.
  12. ^ "Gwinn, Michigan" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved March 16, 2008.
  13. ^ a b c "Negaunee, Michigan" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved March 15, 2007.
  14. ^ a b c d Michigan State Highway Department & Rand McNally (July 1, 1932). Official Michigan Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:840,000]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. §§ B4–B5. OCLC 12701053.
  15. ^ Pohl, Dorothy G. & Brown, Norman E. (December 2, 1997). "The History of Roads in Michigan". Association of Southern Michigan Road Commissions. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
  16. ^ Mason, Philip P. (January 12, 1987). "Indians Started Roads: From Paths to Freeways" (PDF). Ionia Sentinel-Standard. Retrieved May 12, 2018 – via Michigan Department of Transportation.
  17. ^ Michigan Legislature (1915) [enacted May 13, 1913]. "Chapter 91: State Reward Trunk Line Highways". In Shields, Edmund C.; Black, Cyrenius P. & Broomfield, Archibald (eds.). The Compiled Laws of the State of Michigan. Vol. 1. Lansing, Michigan: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford. pp. 1868–72. OCLC 44724558. Retrieved January 24, 2012 – via Google Books.
  18. ^ a b Automobile Legal Association (1930). "Route Log of State Highway Systems". Automobile Green Book (1930–31 ed.). Boston: Scarborough Motor Guide Co. pp. 45+. OCLC 24448978.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rydholm, C. Fred (1989). Superior Heartland: A Backwoods History. Vol. 1. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Braun-Brumfield. pp. 508–515. ISBN 0-9639948-2-4. LCCN 89-90710. OCLC 20652946.
  20. ^ Rockford Map Publishers & Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service (2001). "Powell Twp. T51N–R27W" (Map). Land Atlas and Plat Book of Marquette County, Michigan (15th ed.). 1:50,688. Rockford, Illinois: Rockford Map Publishers. p. 65. OCLC 41970440.
  21. ^ a b Hyde, Charles K. (1993). Historic Highway Bridges of Michigan. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. pp. 70–72. ISBN 0-8143-2448-7. OCLC 27011079. Retrieved September 7, 2019 – via Archive.org.
  22. ^ a b Michigan Department of Transportation (April 19, 2002). "County Rd. 510–Dead River". Michigan's Historic Bridges. Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 4, 2008.
  23. ^ a b Pepin, John (October 4, 2010). "New Bridge Over the Dead River Drawing a lot of Attention, but be Careful". The Mining Journal. Marquette, Michigan. ISSN 0898-4964. OCLC 9729223. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
  24. ^ Lake, James & Sargent, Bud (May 16, 2003). "Nature's Wrath: Silver Lake Dam Failure Triggers Disaster". The Mining Journal. Marquette, Michigan. pp. A1, A10. ISSN 0898-4964. OCLC 9729223.
  25. ^ "Plans to Replace Historic Bridge Underway". Negaunee, Michigan: WLUC-TV. May 2, 2006.
  26. ^ a b c Johnston, Louis & Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
  27. ^ Pepin, John (June 7, 2010). "510 Bridge Replacement". The Mining Journal. Marquette, Michigan. ISSN 0898-4964. OCLC 9729223. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  28. ^ a b c d e Mayor, Archer (1988). Huron Mountain Club: The First Hundred Years. Dodge, Murray, ed.; Dykema, Rosemary, photography ed. Dexter, Michigan: Thompson-Shore. pp. 88–89. OCLC 608430314.
  29. ^ Michigan State Highway Department & Rand McNally (May 1, 1938). Official Michigan Highway Map (Map) (Spring ed.). [c. 1:850,000]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. § B5. OCLC 12701143. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
  30. ^ Michigan State Highway Department & Rand McNally (July 15, 1939). Official Michigan Highway Map (Map) (Summer ed.). [c. 1:850,000]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. § B5. OCLC 12701143.
  31. ^ Michigan State Highway Department (April 15, 1953). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. §§ B3–B5. OCLC 12701120.
  32. ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (n.d.). "Marquette County" (PDF) (Map). Right-of-Way File Application. Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Sheets 73–76. Retrieved May 8, 2008. Right of way for the M-35 relocation was purchased between March 20, 1964, and October 12, 1964.
  33. ^ Meyer, Zlati (February 23, 2014). "You Haven't Lived Here Until... You Slide Down the Naturbahn Luge Track in Negaunee". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved February 23, 2014.
  34. ^ Hunt & Hunt (2007), "Negaunee: Lucy Hill Naturbahn Luge".
  35. ^ "Route Name Is Changed". Ironwood Daily Globe. December 4, 1968. p. 10. Retrieved September 17, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (n.d.). "Marquette County" (PDF) (Map). Right-of-Way File Application. Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Sheet 78. Retrieved May 8, 2008.
  37. ^ Lake, James (August 19, 2008). "MDOT Building New Lot for Marquette County Commuters" (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  38. ^ Davis, R. Matt (May 1, 1986). "Signs to Mark Lake Circle Tour". The Daily Mining Gazette. Houghton, Michigan. p. 16. OCLC 9940134.
  39. ^ Hunt & Hunt (2007), "M-35 Along the Green Bay Shore".
  40. ^ "MDOT Declares UP Road as Heritage Route". Negaunee, Michigan: WLUC-TV. August 28, 2007.
  41. ^ Hunt & Hunt (2007), "M-35 Along the Green Bay Shore: Fuller Park".
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