St James's Palace: Difference between revisions

St James's Palace
St James's Palace
	The north gatehouse, main entrance of St James's Palace in Pall Mall
General information
Architectural style	Tudor
Location	London, United Kingdom
Coordinates	51°30′17″N 00°08′16″W / 51.50472°N 0.13778°W
Construction started	1531; 493 years ago
Completed	1536; 488 years ago
Client	Henry VIII
Owner	King Charles III in right of the Crown

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St James's Palace is the most senior royal palace in London, the capital of the United Kingdom. The palace gives its name to the Court of St James's, which is the monarch's royal court, and is located in the City of Westminster in London. Although no longer the principal residence of the monarch, it is the ceremonial meeting place of the Accession Council, the office of the Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps, and the London residence of several members of the royal family.

Built by order of King Henry VIII in the 1530s on the site of an isolated leper hospital dedicated to Saint James the Less, the palace was secondary in importance to the Palace of Whitehall for most Tudor and Stuart monarchs. Initially surrounded by a deer park and gardens, it was generally used as a hunting lodge and as a retreat from the formal court and occasionally as a royal guest house. After the Palace of Whitehall burned down, the palace took on administrative functions for the monarchy. It increased in importance during the reigns of the Hanoverian monarchs but began to be displaced by Buckingham Palace in the early 19th century. After decades of being used increasingly only for formal occasions, the move was formalised by Queen Victoria in 1837.

The palace now houses a number of offices, official societies and collections, and all ambassadors and high commissioners to the United Kingdom are still accredited to the Court of St James's. The palace's Chapel Royal is still used for functions of the British royal family. Official receptions are also regularly hosted at the palace.

The palace was mainly built between 1531 and 1536 in red brick, and its architecture is primarily Tudor in style. The Queen's Chapel was added in the 1620s, and Clarence House was built on palace grounds directly next to the Palace in the 1820s. A fire in 1809 destroyed parts of the palace, including the monarch's private apartments, which were never replaced. Some 17th-century interiors survive, but most were remodelled in the 19th century.

History

Tudors

The palace was commissioned by Henry VIII on the remote site of a former leper hospital dedicated to Saint James the Less.^{[n 1]} He first used it as a hunting lodge for his newly enclosed deer park, St. James's Park.^[2] The new palace, secondary in the king's interest to Henry's Whitehall Palace, was constructed between 1531 and 1536 as a smaller residence to escape formal court life.^[3] Much smaller than the nearby Whitehall, St James's is arranged around four courtyards, the Colour Court, the Ambassador's Court, the Engine Court, and the Friary Court. The four courts remain enclosed, except for Friary Court, which in modern times is only enclosed by apartments on three sides, with the fourth side open to Marlborough Road to accommodate public gatherings. The most recognisable feature of the palace is the north gatehouse; constructed with four storeys, the gatehouse has two crenellated flanking octagonal towers at its corners, and a central clock dominating the uppermost floor and gable; the clock is a later addition and dates from 1731, refurbished 1834.^[4] The palace is decorated with the initials H.A. for Henry and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Henry had the palace constructed in red brick, with detail picked out in darker brick.^[3]

The palace was remodelled in 1544, with ceilings painted by Hans Holbein and was described as a "pleasant royal house".^[5] Two of Henry VIII's children died at Saint James's, Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, and Mary I.^[6]^[7] Elizabeth I often resided at the palace, and is said to have spent the night there while waiting for the Spanish Armada to sail up the Channel.^[5]

Stuarts

Prince Henry, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of King James and Anne of Denmark, lived at St James's Palace until his death in 1612. The gardens were improved for him by Alphonsus Fowle.^[8] A riding school, one of the first in England, was built for Henry at St James's Palace between 1607 and 1609, and then a library with sculptural decoration by Maximilian Colt. Henry also installed a menagerie with pet birds including a pair of ostriches.^[9]

Charles II was born at the palace on 29 May 1630; his parents were Charles I, who ruled the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, and Henrietta Maria, the sister of the French king Louis XIII. James II, the second surviving son of King Charles I and Henrietta Maria, was born at the palace on 14 October 1633.^[10]

In 1638, Charles I gave the palace to Marie de Medici, the mother of Henrietta Maria. Marie remained in the palace for three years, but the residence of a Catholic former queen of France proved unpopular with parliament and she was soon asked to leave for Cologne. Charles spent his final night at St James's before his execution.^[1] Oliver Cromwell then took it over, and turned it into barracks during the English Commonwealth period.^[1]

The palace was restored by Charles II following the demise of the Commonwealth, landscaping St James's Park at the same time. Mary II and Anne, Queen of Great Britain, were both born at the palace.^[1] It became the principal residence of the monarch in London in 1698, during the reign of William III, after Whitehall Palace was destroyed by fire, and became the administrative centre of the monarchy, a role it retains, in part. Also, at the time of the loss of Whitehall, the Chapel Royal moved its base into the castle chapel at St. James's.

Hanoverians

The first two monarchs of the House of Hanover used St James's Palace as their principal London residence. George I and George II both housed their mistresses, the Duchess of Kendal and the Countess of Suffolk respectively, at the palace.^[1] In 1757, George II donated the Palace library to the British Museum;^[11] this gift was the first part of what later became the Royal Collection.^[12]

George III found St James's unsuitable. The Tudor palace was regarded as uncomfortable and its now built up area as not affording its residents enough privacy, or the space to withdraw from the court into family life. In 1762, shortly after his wedding, George purchased Buckingham House – the predecessor to Buckingham Palace – for his queen, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.^[13] In 1809, a fire destroyed part of St James's Palace, including the monarch's private apartments at the south-east corner.^[14] These apartments were not replaced, leaving the Queen's Chapel isolated from the rest of the palace by an open area, where Marlborough Road now runs between the two buildings.^[15] The royal family began spending the majority of their time at Buckingham House, with St James's used for only formal occasions; thrice-weekly levées and public audiences were still held there. In the late 18th century, George III refurbished the state apartments but neglected the living quarters.^[16] The last monarch to take up residence at St. James's, at least part of the year, was William IV. He had earlier built Clarence House on adjacent palace grounds and connecting it to the palace. Queen Victoria formalised the move in 1837, ending the status of St James's as the primary residence of the monarch; it became used during her reign as a venue for courts, levees and other ceremonies.^[17] It was nevertheless where Victoria married her husband, Prince Albert, in 1840, and where, eighteen years later, their eldest child, Princess Victoria married her husband, Prince Frederick of Prussia.^[1]

St James's Palace in 1819

North Front
King's Presence Chamber
Queen's Levée Room
Guard Chamber

20th century

In 1912–1913 the palace was the venue for the international conference that arranged the treaty between the Balkan states and Turkey following the two Balkan Wars.^[17] Edward VIII when Prince of Wales used the palace as his 'town' residence until he moved into Marlborough House, and George VI as Duke of York resided there prior to his marriage in 1923.^[17] The Second Round Table Conference (September–December 1931), pertaining to Indian independence, was held at the palace. On 12 June 1941, Representatives of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and of the exiled governments of Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Yugoslavia, as well as General Charles de Gaulle of France, met and signed the Declaration of St James's Palace, which was the first of six treaties signed that established the United Nations and composed the Charter of the United Nations.^[18]

Proclamation Gallery

The Proclamation Gallery is a part of St James's Palace, and it is used after the death of a reigning monarch. The Accession Council meets to declare the new monarch. Once the monarch has made a sacred oath to the council, the Garter King of Arms steps onto the Proclamation Gallery, which overlooks Friary Court, to proclaim the new monarch.^[19]^[20] Such an event last occurred on 10 September 2022 at the proclamation of King Charles III. To allow the Garter King of Arms and the trumpeters access to the balcony, workers removed the centre window the prior day and installed a temporary door.^[21]

Today

St James's Palace is still a working palace, and the Royal Court is still formally based there, despite the monarch residing elsewhere. It is also the London residence of Princess Anne, Princess Beatrice, and Princess Alexandra. The palace is used to host official receptions, such as those of visiting heads of state, and charities of which members of the royal family are patrons. It forms part of a sprawling complex of buildings housing Court offices and officials' apartments. The immediate palace complex includes York House, the former home of Charles III and his sons, Princes William and Harry. Lancaster House, located next door, is used by HM Government for official receptions, and the attached Clarence House, the former home of the Queen Mother, is the residence of King Charles III and Queen Camilla.^[22] The palace also served as the official residence of Princess Eugenie until April 2018.^[23]

The nearby Queen's Chapel, built by Inigo Jones, although since the 19th century across Marlborough Road, is still considered part of the Palace. While the Queen's Chapel is open to the public at selected times, the Chapel Royal in the palace is not accessible to the public. They both remain active places of worship.^[22]

The offices of the Royal Collection Department, the Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps, the Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, the Chapel Royal, the Gentlemen at Arms, the Yeomen of the Guard and the King's Watermen are all housed at St James's Palace. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the Royal Philatelic Collection has been housed at St James's Palace, after spending the entire 20th century at Buckingham Palace.^[22]

On 1 June 2007, the palace, Clarence House and other buildings within its curtilage (other than public pavement on Marlborough Road) were designated as a protected site for the purposes of Section 128 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005, making it a specific criminal offence for a person to trespass into the site.^[24]

Notes

^ The uncertainty as to which Saint James was intended is expressed in the 1874 work Old and New London, where the author refers to the dedication as to "St. James the Less, Bishop of Jerusalem". James the Just, brother of Jesus, was referred to as Bishop of Jerusalem, not James the Less.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Walford, Edward (1878). "St James's Palace". Old and New London: Volume 4. Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
^ "St James's Park: Landscape History". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b Wagner, John; Walters Schmid, Susan (2011). Encyclopedia of Tudor England. ABC Clio. pp. 1054–1055. ISBN 978-1-5988-4298-2. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
^ Walford, Edward (1878). "Chapter IX: St James's Palace" Archived 21 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Old and New London. London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin. Via British History Online. Accessed 9 September 2022.
^ ^a ^b Perry, Maria (1999). The Word of a Prince: A Life of Elizabeth I from Contemporary Documents. Suffolk: Boydell Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8511-5633-0.
^ "St James's Palace: History". The British Monarchy. n.d. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
^ Wheatley, Henry; Cunningham, Peter (2011) [1891]. London Past and Present: Its History, Associations, and Traditions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 285–287. ISBN 978-1-1080-2807-3.
^ Shepperd, Edgar (1894). "Memorials of St. James's Palace". Vol. 1 London: Longmans Green. pp. 66-7. (registration required)
^ Strong, Roy (1986). Henry Prince of Wales and England's Lost Renaissance. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. 64, 210–12. ISBN 978-0-5000-1375-5. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
^ Miller, 1
^ Warner, George (1912). Queen Mary's Psalter Miniatures and Drawings by an English Artist of the 14th Century Reproduced from Royal Ms. 2 B. Vii in the British Museum (PDF). London: Britism Museum. p. n. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
^ "Books and Manuscripts". Royal Collection. Archived from the original on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
^ Nash, Roy (1980). Buckingham Palace: The Place and the People. London: Macdonald Futura. ISBN 978-0-3540-4529-2.
^ "Royal Residences: St James's Palace". The Royal Family. 23 November 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
^ Bulo, Kate (9 January 2018). "St. James' Palace: Henry VIII knocked down a hospital for women with leprosy to build another royal residence". The Vintage News. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
^ Black, Jeremy (2004). George III: America's Last King. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-3001-4238-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c A Pictorial and Descriptive Guide to London. London: Ward, Lock & Co Ltd. 1928. p. 108.
^ "1941: The Declaration of St. James' Palace". United Nations. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
^ Fodor's London 2014. Fodor's Travel. 13 August 2013. ISBN 978-0-7704-3220-1.
^ Wilkinson, Philip (30 January 2007). The British Monarchy For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-4700-5931-9.
^ "St James's Palace window removed to let King Charles proclamation ring out from balcony". The Daily Telegraph. London. 10 September 2022. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022 – via MSN.
^ ^a ^b ^c "St James's Palace: Today". The British Monarchy. n.d. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
^ Perry, Simon (1 May 2018). "Princess Eugenie and Her Fiancé Jack Brooksbank Just Moved Next Door to Harry and Meghan!". People. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
^ "Home Office Circular 018 / 2007 (Trespass on protected sites - sections 128–131 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005)". Home Office. 22 May 2007. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.

Additional reading

Wolf Burchard, 'St James's Palace: George II and Queen Caroline's Principal London Residence', The Court Historian (2011), pp. 177–203.
Nikolaus Pevsner, The Buildings of England: London 6: Westminster (2003), pp 594–601

External links

Historic photos of St James's Palace

[2] The uncertainty as to which Saint James was intended is expressed in the 1874 work Old and New London, where the author refers to the dedication as to "St. James the Less, Bishop of Jerusalem". James the Just, brother of Jesus, was referred to as Bishop of Jerusalem, not James the Less.^[1]

[Walford-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Walford, Edward (1878). "St James's Palace". Old and New London: Volume 4. Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.

[3] "St James's Park: Landscape History". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 11 July 2023.

[Encyclopedia_of_Tudor_England-4] Wagner, John; Walters Schmid, Susan (2011). Encyclopedia of Tudor England. ABC Clio. pp. 1054–1055. ISBN 978-1-5988-4298-2. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2022.

[5] Walford, Edward (1878). "Chapter IX: St James's Palace" Archived 21 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Old and New London. London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin. Via British History Online. Accessed 9 September 2022.

[Perry-6] Perry, Maria (1999). The Word of a Prince: A Life of Elizabeth I from Contemporary Documents. Suffolk: Boydell Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8511-5633-0.

[Brit_Monarchy2-7] "St James's Palace: History". The British Monarchy. n.d. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2014.

[8] Wheatley, Henry; Cunningham, Peter (2011) [1891]. London Past and Present: Its History, Associations, and Traditions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 285–287. ISBN 978-1-1080-2807-3.

[9] Shepperd, Edgar (1894). "Memorials of St. James's Palace". Vol. 1 London: Longmans Green. pp. 66-7. (registration required)

[10] Strong, Roy (1986). Henry Prince of Wales and England's Lost Renaissance. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. 64, 210–12. ISBN 978-0-5000-1375-5. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2022.

[11] Miller, 1

[12] Warner, George (1912). Queen Mary's Psalter Miniatures and Drawings by an English Artist of the 14th Century Reproduced from Royal Ms. 2 B. Vii in the British Museum (PDF). London: Britism Museum. p. n. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2011.

[13] "Books and Manuscripts". Royal Collection. Archived from the original on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2011.

[14] Nash, Roy (1980). Buckingham Palace: The Place and the People. London: Macdonald Futura. ISBN 978-0-3540-4529-2.

[15] "Royal Residences: St James's Palace". The Royal Family. 23 November 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2019.

[16] Bulo, Kate (9 January 2018). "St. James' Palace: Henry VIII knocked down a hospital for women with leprosy to build another royal residence". The Vintage News. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2022.

[17] Black, Jeremy (2004). George III: America's Last King. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-3001-4238-9.

[london28-18] A Pictorial and Descriptive Guide to London. London: Ward, Lock & Co Ltd. 1928. p. 108.

[19] "1941: The Declaration of St. James' Palace". United Nations. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2016.

[20] Fodor's London 2014. Fodor's Travel. 13 August 2013. ISBN 978-0-7704-3220-1.

[21] Wilkinson, Philip (30 January 2007). The British Monarchy For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-4700-5931-9.

[22] "St James's Palace window removed to let King Charles proclamation ring out from balcony". The Daily Telegraph. London. 10 September 2022. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022 – via MSN.

[Brit_Monarchy-23] "St James's Palace: Today". The British Monarchy. n.d. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2014.

[24] Perry, Simon (1 May 2018). "Princess Eugenie and Her Fiancé Jack Brooksbank Just Moved Next Door to Harry and Meghan!". People. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2018.

[25] "Home Office Circular 018 / 2007 (Trespass on protected sites - sections 128–131 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005)". Home Office. 22 May 2007. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
 {{Infobox building
-| name             = St James's Palace
+| name                = St James's Palace
-| image            = St Jamess Palace.jpg
+| image               = St Jamess Palace.jpg
-| caption          = The north gatehouse, main entrance of St James's Palace in [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]]
+| caption             = The north gatehouse, main entrance of St James's Palace in [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]]
-| location         = [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]
+| location            = [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]
-| coordinates      = {{Coord|51|30|17|N|00|08|16|W|display=inline,title}}
+| coordinates         = {{Coord|51|30|17|N|00|08|16|W|display=inline,title}}
-| start_date       = {{start date and age|1531}}
+| start_date          = {{start date and age|1531}}
-| completion_date  = {{start date and age|1536}}
+| completion_date     = {{start date and age|1536}}
-| owner            = [[Charles III|King Charles III]] in right of [[the Crown]]
+| owner               = [[Charles III|King Charles III]] in right of [[the Crown]]
-| client           = [[Henry VIII]]
+| client              = [[Henry VIII]]
 | architectural_style = [[Tudor architecture|Tudor]]
 }}
 '''St James's Palace''' is the most senior royal palace in [[London]], the capital of the [[United Kingdom]]. The palace gives its name to the [[Court of St James's]], which is the monarch's [[royal court]], and is located in the [[City of Westminster]] in London. Although no longer the principal residence of the monarch, it is the ceremonial meeting place of the [[Accession Council]], the office of the [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]], and the London residence of several members of the [[British royal family|royal family]].
-Built by order of [[Henry VIII]] in the 1530s on the site of an isolated leper hospital dedicated to [[Saint James the Less]], the palace was secondary in importance to the [[Palace of Whitehall]] for most [[House of Tudor|Tudor]] and [[House of Stuart|Stuart]] monarchs. Initially surrounded by a deer park and gardens, it was generally used as a hunting lodge and retreat from the formal court and occasionally a royal guest house. After the destruction by [[Palace of Whitehall#Destruction|fire of Whitehall]], the palace took on administrative functions for the monarchy and increased in importance during the reigns of the [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] monarchs but began to be displaced by [[Buckingham Palace]] in the early 19th centuries. After decades of being used increasingly for only formal occasions, the move was formalised by [[Queen Victoria]] in 1837.
+Built by order of King [[Henry VIII]] in the 1530s on the site of an isolated leper hospital dedicated to [[Saint James the Less]], the palace was secondary in importance to the [[Palace of Whitehall]] for most [[House of Tudor|Tudor]] and [[House of Stuart|Stuart]] monarchs. Initially surrounded by a deer park and gardens, it was generally used as a hunting lodge and as a retreat from the formal court and occasionally as a royal guest house. After the [[Palace of Whitehall#Destruction|Palace of Whitehall burned down]], the palace took on administrative functions for the monarchy. It increased in importance during the reigns of the [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] monarchs but began to be displaced by [[Buckingham Palace]] in the early 19th century. After decades of being used increasingly only for formal occasions, the move was formalised by [[Queen Victoria]] in 1837.
-The palace now houses a number offices, official societies and collections, and all ambassadors and high commissioners to the United Kingdom are still accredited to the Court of St James's. The palace's [[Chapel Royal#St James's Palace|Chapel Royal]] is still used for functions of the [[British royal family]].
+The palace now houses a number of offices, official societies and collections, and all ambassadors and high commissioners to the United Kingdom are still accredited to the Court of St James's. The palace's [[Chapel Royal#St James's Palace|Chapel Royal]] is still used for functions of the [[British royal family]]. Official receptions are also regularly hosted at the palace.
-The palace was mainly built between 1531 and 1536 in red-brick, and its architecture is primarily [[Tudor architecture|Tudor]] in style. The [[Queen's Chapel]] was added in 1620s, and [[Clarence House]] was built directly next to it in the 1820s. A fire in 1809 destroyed parts of the palace, including the monarch's private apartments, which were never replaced. Some 17th-century interiors survive, but most were remodelled in the 19th century.
+The palace was mainly built between 1531 and 1536 in [[red brick]], and its architecture is primarily [[Tudor architecture|Tudor]] in style. The [[Queen's Chapel]] was added in the 1620s, and [[Clarence House]] was built on palace grounds directly next to the Palace in the 1820s. A fire in 1809 destroyed parts of the palace, including the monarch's private apartments, which were never replaced. Some 17th-century interiors survive, but most were remodelled in the 19th century.
 ==History==
 ===Tudors===
-The palace was commissioned by [[Henry VIII]] on the site of a former [[leper]] hospital dedicated to [[Saint James the Less]].{{#tag:ref|The uncertainty as to which Saint James was intended is expressed in the 1874 work ''Old and New London'', where the author refers to the dedication as to "St. James the Less, Bishop of Jerusalem". [[James the Just]], [[Brothers of Jesus|brother of Jesus]], was referred to as Bishop of Jerusalem, not James the Less.<ref name="Walford">{{cite web |last=Walford |first=Edward |title=St James's Palace |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45186&strquery=jerusalem |work=Old and New London: Volume 4 |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1878 |access-date=10 October 2014 |archive-date=18 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018024524/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45186&strquery=jerusalem |url-status=dead }}</ref>|group=n }} He first used it as a hunting lodge for his newly enclosed deer park, [[St. James's Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=St James's Park: Landscape History |url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/st-jamess-park/about-st-jamess-park/landscape-history |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=The Royal Parks |language=en}}</ref>  The new palace, secondary in the king's interest to Henry's [[Whitehall Palace]], was constructed between 1531 and 1536 as a smaller residence to escape formal court life.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Tudor England">{{cite book |last1=Wagner |first1=John |last2=Walters Schmid |first2=Susan |title=Encyclopedia of Tudor England |pages=1054–1055 |publisher=ABC Clio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUCY3otvttEC&q=%22st+james%27s%22 |isbn=978-1-5988-4298-2 |year=2011 |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408175907/https://books.google.com/books?id=EUCY3otvttEC&q=%22st+james%27s%22 |url-status=live }}</ref> Much smaller than the nearby Whitehall, St James's was arranged around a number of courtyards, including the Colour Court, the Ambassador's Court and the [[Friary Court]]. The most recognisable feature is the north gatehouse; constructed with four storeys, the gatehouse has two [[crenellated]] flanking octagonal towers at its corners, and a central clock dominating the uppermost floor and gable; the clock is a later addition and dates from 1731.<ref>Walford, Edward (1878). [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45186 "Chapter IX: St James's Palace"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021003130/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45186 |date=21 October 2014 }}. ''Old and New London''. London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin. Via British History Online. Accessed 9 September 2022.</ref> It is decorated with the initials ''H.A.'' for Henry and his second wife, [[Anne Boleyn]]. Henry had the palace constructed in red brick, with detail picked out in darker brick.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Tudor England"/>
+The palace was commissioned by [[Henry VIII]] on the remote site of a former [[leper]] hospital dedicated to [[Saint James the Less]].{{#tag:ref|The uncertainty as to which Saint James was intended is expressed in the 1874 work ''Old and New London'', where the author refers to the dedication as to "St. James the Less, Bishop of Jerusalem". [[James the Just]], [[Brothers of Jesus|brother of Jesus]], was referred to as Bishop of Jerusalem, not James the Less.<ref name="Walford">{{cite web |last=Walford |first=Edward |title=St James's Palace |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45186&strquery=jerusalem |work=Old and New London: Volume 4 |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1878 |access-date=10 October 2014 |archive-date=18 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018024524/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45186&strquery=jerusalem |url-status=dead }}</ref>|group=n }} He first used it as a hunting lodge for his newly enclosed deer park, [[St. James's Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=St James's Park: Landscape History |url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/st-jamess-park/about-st-jamess-park/landscape-history |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=The Royal Parks |language=en}}</ref>  The new palace, secondary in the king's interest to Henry's [[Whitehall Palace]], was constructed between 1531 and 1536 as a smaller residence to escape formal court life.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Tudor England">{{cite book |last1=Wagner |first1=John |last2=Walters Schmid |first2=Susan |title=Encyclopedia of Tudor England |pages=1054–1055 |publisher=ABC Clio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUCY3otvttEC&q=%22st+james%27s%22 |isbn=978-1-5988-4298-2 |year=2011 |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408175907/https://books.google.com/books?id=EUCY3otvttEC&q=%22st+james%27s%22 |url-status=live }}</ref> Much smaller than the nearby Whitehall, St James's is arranged around four courtyards, the Colour Court, the Ambassador's Court, the Engine Court, and the [[Friary Court]]. The four courts remain enclosed, except for Friary Court, which in modern times is only enclosed by apartments on three sides, with the fourth side open to Marlborough Road to accommodate public gatherings. The most recognisable feature of the palace is the north gatehouse; constructed with four storeys, the gatehouse has two [[crenellated]] flanking octagonal towers at its corners, and a central clock dominating the uppermost floor and gable; the clock is a later addition and dates from 1731, refurbished 1834.<ref>Walford, Edward (1878). [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45186 "Chapter IX: St James's Palace"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021003130/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45186 |date=21 October 2014 }}. ''Old and New London''. London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin. Via British History Online. Accessed 9 September 2022.</ref> The palace is decorated with the initials ''H.A.'' for Henry and his second wife, [[Anne Boleyn]]. Henry had the palace constructed in red brick, with detail picked out in darker brick.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Tudor England"/>
 The palace was remodelled in 1544, with ceilings painted by [[Hans Holbein the Younger|Hans Holbein]] and was described as a "pleasant royal house".<ref name="Perry"/> Two of Henry VIII's children died at Saint James's, [[Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset]], and [[Mary I of England|Mary I]].<ref name="Brit Monarchy2">{{cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/StJamessPalace/History.aspx |website=The British Monarchy |date=n.d. |access-date=10 October 2014 |title=St James's Palace: History |archive-date=9 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309035640/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/StJamessPalace/History.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=London Past and Present: Its History, Associations, and Traditions |pages=285–287 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |orig-year=1891 |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-1-1080-2807-3 |last1=Wheatley |first1=Henry |last2=Cunningham |first2=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KPxH48qnZwC |url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Elizabeth I]] often resided at the palace, and is said to have spent the night there while waiting for the [[Spanish Armada]] to sail up the Channel.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book |title=The Word of a Prince: A Life of Elizabeth I from Contemporary Documents |page=14 |last=Perry |first=Maria |isbn=978-0-8511-5633-0 |publisher=Boydell Press |year=1999 |location=Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifnFBjfo1UIC}}</ref>
@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 ===Stuarts===
 [[File:St James's Palace and The Mall Kip 1715.jpg|thumb|350px|St James's Palace, left, and [[The Mall, London|The Mall]], 1715]]
-[[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Henry]], the son of [[James VI and I|King James]] and [[Anne of Denmark]], lived at St James's Palace until his death in 1612. The gardens were improved for him by Alphonsus Fowle.<ref>Shepperd, Edgar (1894). [https://archive.org/details/memorialsofstjam02shep/mode/2up?q=james+vi "Memorials of St. James's Palace"]. Vol. 1 London: Longmans Green. pp. 66-7. {{registration required}}</ref> A riding school, one of the first in England, was built for Henry at St James's Palace between 1607 and 1609, and then a library with sculptural decoration by [[Maximilian Colt]]. Henry also installed a menagerie with pet birds including a pair of [[ostrich|ostriches]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Strong |first=Roy |year=1986 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnlrQgAACAAJ&q=Henry+Prince+of+Wales+and+England%27s+Lost+Renaissance |title=Henry Prince of Wales and England's Lost Renaissance |location=London |publisher=Thames & Hudson |pages=64, 210–12 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-5000-1375-5 |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408175906/https://books.google.com/books?id=nnlrQgAACAAJ&q=Henry+Prince+of+Wales+and+England%27s+Lost+Renaissance |url-status=live }}</ref>
+[[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Henry, Prince of Wales]], the eldest son of [[James VI and I|King James]] and [[Anne of Denmark]], lived at St James's Palace until his death in 1612. The gardens were improved for him by Alphonsus Fowle.<ref>Shepperd, Edgar (1894). [https://archive.org/details/memorialsofstjam02shep/mode/2up?q=james+vi "Memorials of St. James's Palace"]. Vol. 1 London: Longmans Green. pp. 66-7. {{registration required}}</ref> A riding school, one of the first in England, was built for Henry at St James's Palace between 1607 and 1609, and then a library with sculptural decoration by [[Maximilian Colt]]. Henry also installed a menagerie with pet birds including a pair of [[ostrich|ostriches]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Strong |first=Roy |year=1986 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnlrQgAACAAJ&q=Henry+Prince+of+Wales+and+England%27s+Lost+Renaissance |title=Henry Prince of Wales and England's Lost Renaissance |location=London |publisher=Thames & Hudson |pages=64, 210–12 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-5000-1375-5 |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408175906/https://books.google.com/books?id=nnlrQgAACAAJ&q=Henry+Prince+of+Wales+and+England%27s+Lost+Renaissance |url-status=live }}</ref>
 [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] was born at the palace on 29 May 1630; his parents were [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], who ruled the three kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England|England]], [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] and [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]], and [[Henrietta Maria]], the sister of the French king [[Louis XIII]]. [[James II of England|James II]], the second surviving son of King Charles I and Henrietta Maria, was born at the palace on 14 October 1633.<ref>Miller, 1</ref>
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 In 1638, Charles I gave the palace to [[Marie de Medici]], the mother of Henrietta Maria. Marie remained in the palace for three years, but the residence of a Catholic former queen of France proved unpopular with parliament and she was soon asked to leave for [[Cologne]]. Charles spent his final night at St James's before his [[execution of Charles I|execution]].<ref name="Walford"/> [[Oliver Cromwell]] then took it over, and turned it into barracks during the [[English Commonwealth]] period.<ref name="Walford"/>
-The palace was restored by Charles II following the demise of the Commonwealth, laying out [[St James's Park]] at the same time. [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] and [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain]], were both born at the palace.<ref name="Walford"/> It became the principal residence of the monarch in London in 1698, during the reign of [[William III of England|William III]], after [[Whitehall Palace]] was destroyed by fire, and became the administrative centre of the monarchy, a role it retains.
+The palace was restored by Charles II following the demise of the Commonwealth, landscaping [[St James's Park]] at the same time. [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] and [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain]], were both born at the palace.<ref name="Walford"/> It became the principal residence of the monarch in London in 1698, during the reign of [[William III of England|William III]], after [[Whitehall Palace]] was destroyed by fire, and became the administrative centre of the monarchy, a role it retains, in part.  Also, at the time of the loss of Whitehall, the [[Chapel Royal]] moved its base into the [[castle chapel]] at St. James's.
 ===Hanoverians===
-[[File:The Marriage of George, Duke of York to Princess Mary of Teck.JPG|thumb|300px|The [[Chapel Royal#St James's Palace|Chapel Royal, St James's Palace]], showing the marriage of the future King [[George V]] (1893), by [[Laurits Tuxen]]. [[Royal Collection]].]]
+[[File:Victoria Marriage01.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Queen Victoria]]'s wedding to [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Albert]] in the [[Chapel Royal#St James's Palace|Chapel Royal, St James's Palace]], painting by [[George Hayter]], 1842]]
+[[File:The Marriage of George, Duke of York to Princess Mary of Teck.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|The Chapel Royal, St James's Palace, showing the marriage of the future King [[George V]] (1893), by [[Laurits Tuxen]]. [[Royal Collection]].]]
 The first two monarchs of the [[House of Hanover]] used St James's Palace as their principal London residence. [[George I of Great Britain|George I]] and [[George II of Great Britain|George II]] both housed their mistresses, the [[Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal|Duchess of Kendal]] and the [[Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk|Countess of Suffolk]] respectively, at the palace.<ref name="Walford"/> In 1757, George II donated the Palace library to the [[British Museum]];<ref>{{cite book |last=Warner |first=George |title=Queen Mary's Psalter Miniatures and Drawings by an English Artist of the 14th Century Reproduced from Royal Ms. 2 B. Vii in the British Museum |url=http://bestiary.ca/etexts/warner1912/queen%20mary%20psalter%20-%20introduction%20-%20warner.pdf |year=1912 |publisher=Britism Museum |location=London |page=n |access-date=24 May 2011 |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523055105/http://bestiary.ca/etexts/warner1912/queen%20mary%20psalter%20-%20introduction%20-%20warner.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> this gift was the first part of what later became the [[Royal Collection]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/default.asp?action=article&ID=21 |title=Books and Manuscripts |publisher=Royal Collection |access-date=24 May 2011 |archive-date=14 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414175449/http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/default.asp?action=article&ID=21 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-[[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] found St James's unsuitable. The Tudor palace was regarded as uncomfortable and also as not affording its residents enough privacy, or the space to withdraw from the court into family life. In 1762, shortly after his wedding, George purchased Buckingham House{{spaced ndash}}the predecessor to [[Buckingham Palace]]{{spaced ndash}}for his queen, [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Nash |first=Roy |title=Buckingham Palace: The Place and the People |url=https://archive.org/details/buckinghampalace0000nash |url-access=registration |publisher=Macdonald Futura |location=London |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-3540-4529-2}}</ref> In 1809, a fire destroyed part of St James's Palace, including the monarch's private apartments at the south-east corner.<ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Residences: St James's Palace |url=https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-st-jamess-palace |website=The Royal Family |date=2015-11-23 |access-date=2019-04-23 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001180119/https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-st-jamess-palace |url-status=live }}</ref> These apartments were not replaced, leaving the [[Queen's Chapel]] isolated from the rest of the palace by an open area, where Marlborough Road now runs between the two buildings.<ref>{{cite web |title=St. James' Palace: Henry VIII knocked down a hospital for women with leprosy to build another royal residence |url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/01/09/st-james-palace/ |website=The Vintage News |date=2018-01-09 |first=Kate |last=Bulo |access-date=2022-09-09 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416005858/https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/01/09/st-james-palace/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The royal family began spending the majority of their time at Buckingham House, with St James's used for only formal occasions; thrice-weekly [[Levée (ceremony)|levées]] and public audiences were still held there. In the late 18th century, George III refurbished the [[state apartment]]s but neglected the living quarters.<ref>{{cite book |last=Black |first=Jeremy |title=George III: America's Last King |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxMaCAAAQBAJ&q=st+james |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |location=New Haven, Conn. |year=2004 |page=174 |isbn=978-0-3001-4238-9}}</ref> [[Queen Victoria]] formalised the move in 1837, ending the status of St James's as the primary residence of the monarch; it became used during her reign as a venue for courts, levees and other ceremonies.<ref name=london28>{{cite book |title=A Pictorial and Descriptive Guide to London |publisher=Ward, Lock & Co Ltd. |location=London |year=1928 |page=108}}</ref> It was nevertheless where Victoria married her husband, [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Albert]], in 1840, and where, eighteen years later, their eldest child, [[Victoria, Princess Royal|Princess Victoria]] married her husband, [[Frederick III of Germany (Hohenzollern)|Prince Frederick of Prussia]].<ref name="Walford"/>
+[[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] found St James's unsuitable. The Tudor palace was regarded as uncomfortable and its now built up area as not affording its residents enough privacy, or the space to withdraw from the court into family life. In 1762, shortly after his wedding, George purchased Buckingham House{{spaced ndash}}the predecessor to [[Buckingham Palace]]{{spaced ndash}}for his queen, [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Nash |first=Roy |title=Buckingham Palace: The Place and the People |url=https://archive.org/details/buckinghampalace0000nash |url-access=registration |publisher=Macdonald Futura |location=London |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-3540-4529-2}}</ref> In 1809, a fire destroyed part of St James's Palace, including the monarch's private apartments at the south-east corner.<ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Residences: St James's Palace |url=https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-st-jamess-palace |website=The Royal Family |date=2015-11-23 |access-date=2019-04-23 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001180119/https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-st-jamess-palace |url-status=live }}</ref> These apartments were not replaced, leaving the [[Queen's Chapel]] isolated from the rest of the palace by an open area, where Marlborough Road now runs between the two buildings.<ref>{{cite web |title=St. James' Palace: Henry VIII knocked down a hospital for women with leprosy to build another royal residence |url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/01/09/st-james-palace/ |website=The Vintage News |date=2018-01-09 |first=Kate |last=Bulo |access-date=2022-09-09 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416005858/https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/01/09/st-james-palace/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The royal family began spending the majority of their time at Buckingham House, with St James's used for only formal occasions; thrice-weekly [[Levée (ceremony)|levées]] and public audiences were still held there. In the late 18th century, George III refurbished the [[state apartment]]s but neglected the living quarters.<ref>{{cite book |last=Black |first=Jeremy |title=George III: America's Last King |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxMaCAAAQBAJ&q=st+james |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |location=New Haven, Conn. |year=2004 |page=174 |isbn=978-0-3001-4238-9}}</ref> The last monarch to take up residence at St. James's, at least part of the year, was [[William IV]]. He had earlier built [[Clarence House]] on adjacent palace grounds and connecting it to the palace. [[Queen Victoria]] formalised the move in 1837, ending the status of St James's as the primary residence of the monarch; it became used during her reign as a venue for courts, levees and other ceremonies.<ref name=london28>{{cite book |title=A Pictorial and Descriptive Guide to London |publisher=Ward, Lock & Co Ltd. |location=London |year=1928 |page=108}}</ref> It was nevertheless where Victoria married her husband, [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Albert]], in 1840, and where, eighteen years later, their eldest child, [[Victoria, Princess Royal|Princess Victoria]] married her husband, [[Frederick III of Germany (Hohenzollern)|Prince Frederick of Prussia]].<ref name="Walford"/>
 {{gallery
@@ Line 54: / Line 56: @@
 ===20th century===
-In 1912–1913 it was the venue for the international conference that arranged the [[Treaty of London (1913)|treaty]] between the Balkan states and [[Ottoman Empire|Turkey]] following the two [[Balkan Wars]].<ref name=london28/> [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Edward VIII]] when Prince of Wales used the palace as his 'town' residence until he moved into [[Marlborough House]], and [[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]] as Duke of York resided there prior to his marriage in 1923.<ref name=london28/> The Second Round Table Conference (September–December 1931), pertaining to Indian independence, was held at the palace. On 12 June 1941, Representatives of the United Kingdom, [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], the [[Union of South Africa]], and of the exiled governments of [[Belgium]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], and [[Yugoslavia]], as well as [[Charles de Gaulle|General Charles de Gaulle]] of France, met and signed the Declaration of St James's Palace, which was the first of six treaties signed that established the [[United Nations]] and composed the [[Charter of the United Nations]].<ref>{{cite web |title=1941: The Declaration of St. James' Palace |url=https://www.un.org/en/sections/history-united-nations-charter/1941-declaration-st-james-palace/index.html |website=United Nations |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225091250/https://www.un.org/en/sections/history-united-nations-charter/1941-declaration-st-james-palace/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In 1912–1913 the palace was the venue for the international conference that arranged the [[Treaty of London (1913)|treaty]] between the Balkan states and [[Ottoman Empire|Turkey]] following the two [[Balkan Wars]].<ref name=london28/> [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Edward VIII]] when Prince of Wales used the palace as his 'town' residence until he moved into [[Marlborough House]], and [[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]] as Duke of York resided there prior to his marriage in 1923.<ref name=london28/> The Second Round Table Conference (September–December 1931), pertaining to Indian independence, was held at the palace. On 12 June 1941, Representatives of the United Kingdom, [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], the [[Union of South Africa]], and of the exiled governments of [[Belgium]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], and [[Yugoslavia]], as well as [[Charles de Gaulle|General Charles de Gaulle]] of France, met and signed the [[Declaration of St James's Palace]], which was the first of six treaties signed that established the [[United Nations]] and composed the [[Charter of the United Nations]].<ref>{{cite web |title=1941: The Declaration of St. James' Palace |url=https://www.un.org/en/sections/history-united-nations-charter/1941-declaration-st-james-palace/index.html |website=United Nations |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225091250/https://www.un.org/en/sections/history-united-nations-charter/1941-declaration-st-james-palace/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ===Proclamation Gallery===
-[[File:StJamesPalaceGuards.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The Proclamation Gallery overlooking [[Friary Court]] at St James's Palace, London, where the proclamation is traditionally first read]]
+[[File:St James's palace in London.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The Proclamation Gallery overlooking [[Friary Court]] at St James's Palace, London, where the proclamation of a new monarch is traditionally first read]]
 The Proclamation Gallery is a part of St James's Palace, and it is used after the death of a reigning monarch. The [[Accession Council]] meets to declare the new monarch. Once the monarch has made a sacred oath to the council, the [[Garter King of Arms]] steps onto the Proclamation Gallery, which overlooks [[Friary Court]], to proclaim the new monarch.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xy1b2k7ce2EC&q=%22Proclamation+Gallery%22&pg=PT102 |title=Fodor's London 2014 |date=2013-08-13 |publisher=Fodor's Travel |isbn=978-0-7704-3220-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXP9mp3C7X4C&q=%22Proclamation+Gallery%22&pg=PA338 |title=The British Monarchy For Dummies |last=Wilkinson |first=Philip |date=2007-01-30 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-4700-5931-9 |language=en}}</ref> Such an event last occurred on 10 September 2022 at the proclamation of King [[Charles III]]. To allow the Garter King of Arms and the trumpeters access to the balcony, workers removed the centre window the prior day and installed a temporary door.<ref>{{cite news |title=St James's Palace window removed to let King Charles proclamation ring out from balcony |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/celebrity/st-james-e2-80-99s-palace-window-removed-to-let-king-charles-proclamation-ring-out-from-balcony/ar-AA11FYKO |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |via=[[MSN]] |date=10 September 2022 |access-date=16 September 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163529/https://www.msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/celebrity/st-james-e2-80-99s-palace-window-removed-to-let-king-charles-proclamation-ring-out-from-balcony/ar-AA11FYKO |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==Today==
+St James's Palace is still a working palace, and the Royal Court is still formally based there, despite the monarch residing elsewhere. It is also the London residence of [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Anne]], [[Princess Beatrice]], and [[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy|Princess Alexandra]]. The palace is used to host official receptions, such as those of visiting heads of state, and charities of which members of the royal family are patrons. It forms part of a sprawling complex of buildings housing Court offices and officials' apartments. The immediate palace complex includes [[York House, St. James's Palace|York House]], the former home of [[Charles III]] and his sons, Princes [[William, Prince of Wales|William]] and [[Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex|Harry]]. [[Lancaster House]], located next door, is used by [[UK government|HM Government]] for official receptions, and the attached [[Clarence House]], the former home of the [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Mother]], is the residence of [[Charles III|King Charles III]] and [[Queen Camilla]].<ref name="Brit Monarchy">{{cite web |title=St James's Palace: Today |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/StJamessPalace/Today.aspx |website=The British Monarchy |date=n.d. |access-date=10 October 2014 |archive-date=9 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309035640/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/StJamessPalace/Today.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> The palace also served as the official residence of [[Princess Eugenie]] until April 2018.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Perry |first=Simon |title=Princess Eugenie and Her Fiancé Jack Brooksbank Just Moved Next Door to Harry and Meghan! |url=https://people.com/royals/princess-eugenie-jack-brooksbank-move-kensington-palace/ |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=1 May 2018 |access-date=2 May 2018 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218083225/https://people.com/royals/princess-eugenie-jack-brooksbank-move-kensington-palace/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-[[File:St James's palace in London.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Friary Court at St James's Palace, 2017]]
-St James's Palace is still a working palace, and the Royal Court is still formally based there, despite the monarch residing elsewhere. It is also the London residence of [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Anne]], [[Princess Beatrice]], and [[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy|Princess Alexandra]]. The palace is used to host official receptions, such as those of visiting heads of state, and charities of which members of the royal family are patrons. It forms part of a sprawling complex of buildings housing Court offices and officials' apartments. The immediate palace complex includes [[York House, St. James's Palace|York House]], the former home of [[Charles III]] and his sons, Princes [[William, Prince of Wales|William]] and [[Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex|Harry]]. [[Lancaster House]], located next door, is used by [[UK government|HM Government]] for official receptions, and the nearby [[Clarence House]], the former home of the [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Mother]], is the residence of [[Charles III|King Charles III]] and [[Queen Camilla]].<ref name="Brit Monarchy">{{cite web |title=St James's Palace: Today |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/StJamessPalace/Today.aspx |website=The British Monarchy |date=n.d. |access-date=10 October 2014 |archive-date=9 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309035640/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/StJamessPalace/Today.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> The palace also served as the official residence of [[Princess Eugenie]] until April 2018.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Perry |first=Simon |title=Princess Eugenie and Her Fiancé Jack Brooksbank Just Moved Next Door to Harry and Meghan! |url=https://people.com/royals/princess-eugenie-jack-brooksbank-move-kensington-palace/ |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=1 May 2018 |access-date=2 May 2018 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218083225/https://people.com/royals/princess-eugenie-jack-brooksbank-move-kensington-palace/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-The nearby [[Queen's Chapel]], built by [[Inigo Jones]], adjoins St James's Palace. While the Queen's Chapel is open to the public at selected times, the [[Chapel Royal]] in the palace is not accessible to the public. They both remain active places of worship.<ref name="Brit Monarchy"/>
+The nearby [[Queen's Chapel]], built by [[Inigo Jones]], although since the 19th century across Marlborough Road, is still considered part of the Palace. While the Queen's Chapel is open to the public at selected times, the [[Chapel Royal]] in the palace is not accessible to the public. They both remain active places of worship.<ref name="Brit Monarchy"/>
 The offices of the [[Royal Collection#Management|Royal Collection Department]], the [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]], the [[Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood]], the [[Chapel Royal]], the [[Gentlemen at Arms]], the [[Yeomen of the Guard]] and the [[King's Bargemaster|King's Watermen]] are all housed at St James's Palace. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the [[Royal Philatelic Collection]] has been housed at St James's Palace, after spending the entire 20th century at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Brit Monarchy"/>
-On 1 June 2007 the palace, [[Clarence House]] and other buildings within its [[curtilage]] (other than public pavement on Marlborough Road) were designated as a protected site for the purposes of Section 128 of the [[Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005]], making it a specific criminal offence for a person to [[Trespass in English law|trespass]] into the site.<ref>{{cite web |title=Home Office Circular 018 / 2007 (Trespass on protected sites - sections 128–131 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/trespass-on-protected-sites-sections-128-131-of-the-serious-organised-crime-and-police-act-2005 |website=Home Office |date=22 May 2007 |access-date=18 July 2017 |archive-date=17 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017203015/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/trespass-on-protected-sites-sections-128-131-of-the-serious-organised-crime-and-police-act-2005 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+On 1 June 2007, the palace, [[Clarence House]] and other buildings within its [[curtilage]] (other than public pavement on Marlborough Road) were designated as a protected site for the purposes of Section 128 of the [[Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005]], making it a specific criminal offence for a person to [[Trespass in English law|trespass]] into the site.<ref>{{cite web |title=Home Office Circular 018 / 2007 (Trespass on protected sites - sections 128–131 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/trespass-on-protected-sites-sections-128-131-of-the-serious-organised-crime-and-police-act-2005 |website=Home Office |date=22 May 2007 |access-date=18 July 2017 |archive-date=17 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017203015/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/trespass-on-protected-sites-sections-128-131-of-the-serious-organised-crime-and-police-act-2005 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-== See also ==
-{{portal|United Kingdom|England|London|Architecture|History|Monarchy}}
-*[[Court of St James's]]
-*[[List of palaces#England|Official royal residences in London]]:
-**[[Palace of Westminster]] – The principal residence of the English kings from 1049 until 1530
-**[[Palace of Whitehall]] – The principal residence of the English kings from 1530 until 1689
-**[[Kensington Palace]] – The principal residence of English and later British monarchs between 1689 and 1760
-***[[Bushy House]] – future [[William IV]] took up residence here in 1797 when appointed Ranger of Bushy Park, and remained through his reign as king (1830–1837) rather than St James's or (later) Buckingham
-**[[Buckingham Palace]] – The principal royal residence since 1837
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 91: / Line 82: @@
 ==External links==
+{{portal|United Kingdom|England|London|Architecture|History|Monarchy}}
 {{Commons category|St. James's Palace}}
 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120309031640/http://viewfinder.english-heritage.org.uk/search/reference.aspx?uid=79061&index=0&mainQuery=st%20james%20palace&searchType=all&form=home Historic photos of St James's Palace]
@@ Line 98: / Line 90: @@
 {{Authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:St James's Palace}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint James's Palace}}
 [[Category:1536 establishments in England]]
 [[Category:Houses completed in 1536]]

v t e British royal residences
Official	Buckingham Palace Clarence House Hillsborough Castle Holyrood Palace Kensington Palace St James's Palace Windsor Castle
Private	Balmoral Castle Birkhall Craigowan Lodge Gatcombe Park Highgrove House Kensington Palace Ivy Cottage Nottingham Cottage Wren House Llwynywermod Sandringham House Anmer Hall Wood Farm Tamarisk Thatched House Lodge Windsor Adelaide Cottage Bagshot Park Frogmore Cottage Royal Lodge
See also	Former royal residences Historic Royal Palaces

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Germany
Geographic	MusicBrainz place