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The Diderot effect is a phenomenon that occurs when acquiring a new possession leads to a spiral of consumption that results in the acquisition of even more possessions.^[1]^[2] In other words, buying something new can cause a chain reaction leading to one buying more and more things. Each new item makes one feel like one needs other things to go with it or to keep up with it. This can lead to overspending^[3] and accumulating more possessions than one needs or uses.

The term was coined by anthropologist and scholar of consumption patterns Grant McCracken in 1986,^[4] and is named after the French philosopher Denis Diderot (1713–1784), who first described the effect in an essay titled "Regrets for my Old Dressing Gown, or, A warning to those who have more taste than fortune".

The term has been used in discussions of sustainable consumption and green consumerism, in regard to the process whereby a purchase or gift creates dissatisfaction with existing possessions and environment, provoking a potentially spiraling pattern of consumption with negative environmental, psychological, and social impacts.

Origin

The effect was first described in Diderot's essay of 1769 "Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown".^[5] In this essay Diderot tells how the gift of a beautiful scarlet dressing gown leads to unexpected results, eventually plunging him into debt. Initially pleased with the gift, Diderot came to rue his new garment. Compared to his elegant new dressing gown, the rest of his possessions began to seem tawdry and he became dissatisfied that they did not live up to the elegance and style of his new possession. He replaced his old straw chair, for example, with an armchair covered in Moroccan leather; his old desk was replaced with an expensive new writing table; his formerly beloved prints were replaced with more costly prints, and so on. "I was absolute master of my old dressing gown", Diderot writes, "but I have become a slave to my new one ... Beware of the contamination of sudden wealth. The poor man may take his ease without thinking of appearances, but the rich man is always under a strain".

Usage

In anthropologist Grant McCracken's usage in 1986, the Diderot effect is the result of the interaction between objects within "product complements", or "Diderot unities", and consumers. A Diderot unity is a group of objects that are considered to be culturally complementary, to one another.^[6] McCracken suggests that a consumer is less likely to veer from a preferred Diderot unity to strive towards unity in appearance and representation of one's social role. However, it can also mean that if an object that is somehow deviant from the preferred Diderot unity is acquired, it may have the effect of causing the consumer to start subscribing to a completely different Diderot unity.

Sociologist and economist Juliet Schor uses the term in her 1992 book The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don't Need to describe processes of competitive, status-conscious consumption driven by dissatisfaction. Schor's 2005 essay "Learning Diderot's Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire" describes the effect in contemporary consumer culture in the context of its negative environmental consequences.^[7]

James Clear uses the term in his 2018 book Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones and describes Diderot's behavior as 'a chain reaction of purchases' and links the Diderot effect to describe habit stacking.^[8]

References

^ Ritzer, George, ed. (2007-02-15). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosd046.pub2. ISBN 978-1-4051-2433-1.
^ Becker, Joshua (27 October 2021). "Understanding The Diderot Effect To Overcome Overspending". Forbes.
^ Çakaröz, Kübra Müge; Kılıç, Sabiha; Civek, Funda (2022-07-29). "Consumer View on the Axis of Diderot Effect and Unplanned Purchase". Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty. 9 (2): 1327–1348. doi:10.30798/makuiibf.1034930. ISSN 2149-1658.
^ Grant McCracken, Culture and Consumption: A Theoretical Account of the Structure and Movement of the Cultural Meaning of Consumer Goods, Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 13, Issue 1, June 1986, Pages 71–84, https://doi.org/10.1086/209048
^ Diderot, Denis. "Regrets for my Old Dressing Gown, or A warning to those who have more taste than fortune". Marxists.org.
^ Davis, Teresa; Gregory, Gary (2003-01-01). "Creating Diderot unities – quest for possible selves?". Journal of Consumer Marketing. 20 (1): 44–54. doi:10.1108/07363760310456946. ISSN 0736-3761.
^ Schor, Juliet. "Learning Diderot's Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire". colorado.edu. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018.
^ Clear, James (2018). Atomic habits: an easy & proven way to build good habits & break bad ones: tiny changes, remarkable results. London: Random House Business. ISBN 978-1-84794-183-1.

McCracken, Grant Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1988 ISBN 0-253-31526-3; pp. 118–129
Schor, Juliet B. "The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don't Need" Harper Perennial; 1st HarperPerennial Ed Pub. 1999 edition. ISBN 0-06-097758-2 ISBN 978-0060977580
Schor, Juliet B. ‘Learning Diderot's Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire,’ in Tim Jackson (ed), Sustainable Consumption (2005)

External links

Culture By Grant McCracken's blog
Juliet Schor's Blog

[1] Ritzer, George, ed. (2007-02-15). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosd046.pub2. ISBN 978-1-4051-2433-1.

[2] Becker, Joshua (27 October 2021). "Understanding The Diderot Effect To Overcome Overspending". Forbes.

[3] Çakaröz, Kübra Müge; Kılıç, Sabiha; Civek, Funda (2022-07-29). "Consumer View on the Axis of Diderot Effect and Unplanned Purchase". Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty. 9 (2): 1327–1348. doi:10.30798/makuiibf.1034930. ISSN 2149-1658.

[4] Grant McCracken, Culture and Consumption: A Theoretical Account of the Structure and Movement of the Cultural Meaning of Consumer Goods, Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 13, Issue 1, June 1986, Pages 71–84, https://doi.org/10.1086/209048

[5] Diderot, Denis. "Regrets for my Old Dressing Gown, or A warning to those who have more taste than fortune". Marxists.org.

[6] Davis, Teresa; Gregory, Gary (2003-01-01). "Creating Diderot unities – quest for possible selves?". Journal of Consumer Marketing. 20 (1): 44–54. doi:10.1108/07363760310456946. ISSN 0736-3761.

[7] Schor, Juliet. "Learning Diderot's Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire". colorado.edu. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018.

[8] Clear, James (2018). Atomic habits: an easy & proven way to build good habits & break bad ones: tiny changes, remarkable results. London: Random House Business. ISBN 978-1-84794-183-1.

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+{{short description|Social phenomenon}}
-The '''Diderot effect''' is a social phenomenon related to [[consumer goods]] that comprises two ideas. The first posits that goods purchased by consumers will be cohesive to their sense of identity, and as a result, will be complementary to one another. The second states that the introduction of a new possession that is deviant from the consumer's current complementary goods can result in a process of spiraling consumption. The term was coined by [[anthropologist]] and scholar of consumption patterns [[Grant McCracken]] in 1988, and is named after the French philosopher [[Denis Diderot]] (1713–1784), who first described the effect in an [[essay]].
+[[File: Denis Diderot by Louis-Michel van Loo.jpg|thumb|[[Denis Diderot]] described this effect in his 1769 essay "Regrets for my Old Dressing Gown".]]The '''Diderot effect''' is a phenomenon that occurs when acquiring a new possession leads to a spiral of consumption that results in the acquisition of even more possessions.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781405165518 |title=The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology |date=2007-02-15 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-4051-2433-1 |editor-last=Ritzer |editor-first=George |edition=1 |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosd046.pub2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Becker |first=Joshua |date=27 October 2021 |title=Understanding The Diderot Effect To Overcome Overspending |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshuabecker/2021/10/27/understanding-the-diderot-effect-to-overcome-overspending/?sh=384448c16fe8 |website=Forbes}}</ref> In other words, buying something new can cause a chain reaction leading to one buying more and more things. Each new item makes one feel like one needs other things to go with it or to keep up with it. This can lead to overspending<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Çakaröz |first1=Kübra Müge |last2=Kılıç |first2=Sabiha |last3=Civek |first3=Funda |date=2022-07-29 |title=Consumer View on the Axis of Diderot Effect and Unplanned Purchase |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/makuiibf/issue/69071/1034930 |journal=Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=1327–1348 |doi=10.30798/makuiibf.1034930 |issn=2149-1658}}</ref> and accumulating more possessions than one needs or uses.
+The term was coined by [[anthropologist]] and scholar of consumption patterns [[Grant McCracken]] in 1986,<ref>Grant McCracken, Culture and Consumption: A Theoretical Account of the Structure and Movement of the Cultural Meaning of Consumer Goods, ''Journal of Consumer Research'', Volume 13, Issue 1, June 1986, Pages 71–84, <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1086/209048</nowiki></ref> and is named after the French philosopher [[Denis Diderot]] (1713–1784), who first described the effect in an essay titled "Regrets for my Old Dressing Gown, or, A warning to those who have more taste than fortune".
-The term has become common in discussions of [[sustainable consumption]] and [[green consumerism]], in regard to the process whereby a purchase or gift creates dissatisfaction with existing possessions and environment, provoking a potentially spiraling pattern of consumption with negative environmental, psychological and social impacts.
+The term has been used in discussions of [[sustainable consumption]] and [[green consumerism]], in regard to the process whereby a purchase or gift creates [[Contentment|dissatisfaction]] with existing possessions and environment, provoking a potentially spiraling pattern of consumption with negative environmental, psychological, and social impacts.
 ==Origin==
+[[File:Denis Diderot (Dimitry Levitzky).jpg|250px|thumb|Diderot in red gown, by [[Dmitry Levitzky]], 1773]]
-The effect was first described in Diderot's essay "Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown". Here he tells how the gift of a beautiful scarlet dressing gown leads to unexpected results, eventually plunging him into debt. Initially pleased with the gift, Diderot came to rue his new garment. Compared to his elegant new dressing gown, the rest of his possessions began to seem tawdry and he became dissatisfied that they did not live up to the elegance and style of his new possession. He replaced his old straw chair, for example, with an armchair covered in Moroccan leather; his old desk was replaced with an expensive new writing table; his formerly beloved prints were replaced with more costly prints, and so on. "I was absolute master of my old dressing gown", Diderot writes, "but I have become a slave to my new one … Beware of the contamination of sudden wealth. The poor man may take his ease without thinking of appearances, but the rich man is always under a strain".
+The effect was first described in Diderot's essay of 1769 "Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Diderot |first=Denis |title=Regrets for my Old Dressing Gown, or A warning to those who have more taste than fortune |url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/diderot/1769/regrets.htm |website=Marxists.org}}</ref> In this essay Diderot tells how the gift of a beautiful scarlet dressing gown leads to unexpected results, eventually plunging him into debt. Initially pleased with the gift, Diderot came to rue his new garment. Compared to his elegant new dressing gown, the rest of his possessions began to seem tawdry and he became dissatisfied that they did not live up to the elegance and style of his new possession. He replaced his old straw chair, for example, with an armchair covered in Moroccan leather; his old desk was replaced with an expensive new writing table; his formerly beloved prints were replaced with more costly prints, and so on. "I was absolute master of my old dressing gown", Diderot writes, "but I have become a slave to my new one ... Beware of the contamination of sudden wealth. The poor man may take his ease without thinking of appearances, but the rich man is always under a strain".
 ==Usage==
-In McCracken's usage the Diderot Effect is the result of the interaction between objects within "product complements", or "Diderot unities", and consumers. A Diderot unity is a group of objects that are considered to be culturally complementary, in relation to one another. For example, items of clothing, furniture, vehicles, etc. McCracken describes that a consumer is less likely to veer from a preferred Diderot unity in order to strive towards unity in appearance and representation of one's social role. However, it can also mean that if an object that is somehow deviant from the preferred Diderot unity is acquired, it may have the effect of causing the consumer to start subscribing to a completely different Diderot unity.
+In anthropologist [[Grant McCracken|Grant McCracken's]] usage in 1986, the Diderot effect is the result of the interaction between objects within "product complements", or "Diderot unities", and consumers. A Diderot unity is a group of objects that are considered to be culturally complementary, to one another.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Davis |first1=Teresa |last2=Gregory |first2=Gary |date=2003-01-01 |title=Creating Diderot unities – quest for possible selves? |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760310456946 |journal=Journal of Consumer Marketing |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=44–54 |doi=10.1108/07363760310456946 |issn=0736-3761}}</ref> McCracken suggests that a consumer is less likely to veer from a preferred Diderot unity to strive towards unity in appearance and representation of one's social role. However, it can also mean that if an object that is somehow deviant from the preferred Diderot unity is acquired, it may have the effect of causing the consumer to start subscribing to a completely different Diderot unity.
+Sociologist and economist [[Juliet Schor]] uses the term in her 1992 book ''The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don't Need'' to describe processes of competitive, [[Social status|status]]-conscious consumption driven by dissatisfaction. Schor's 2005 essay "Learning Diderot's Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire" describes the effect in contemporary consumer culture in the context of its negative environmental consequences.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schor |first=Juliet |title=Learning Diderot's Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire |url=https://spot.colorado.edu/~wehr/309R13.TXT |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627023900/http://spot.colorado.edu/~wehr/309R13.TXT |archive-date=27 June 2018 |website=colorado.edu}}</ref>
+[[James Clear]] uses the term in his 2018 book ''Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones'' and describes Diderot's behavior as 'a chain reaction of purchases' and links the Diderot effect to describe habit stacking.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clear |first=James |title=Atomic habits: an easy & proven way to build good habits & break bad ones: tiny changes, remarkable results |date=2018 |publisher=Random House Business |isbn=978-1-84794-183-1 |location=London}}</ref>
+==See also==
-Sociologist and economist [[Juliet Schor]] uses the term in her best selling 1992 book the ''The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don't Need'' to describe processes of competitive, status-conscious consumption driven by dissatisfaction. Schor's 2005 essay "Learning Diderot’s Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire" describes the effect in contemporary consumer culture in the context of its negative environmental consequences.
+*[[Hedonic treadmill]]
+*[[Induced demand]]
+*[[Keeping up with the Joneses]]
+*[[Lifestyle creep]]
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
-*McCracken, Grant ''Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities''. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1988 ISBN 0-253-31526-3; pp.&nbsp;118–129
+*McCracken, Grant ''Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities''. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1988 {{ISBN|0-253-31526-3}}; pp.&nbsp;118–129
-* Schor, Juliet B. "The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don't Need" Harper Perennial; 1st HarperPerennial Ed Pub. 1999 edition. ISBN 0-06-097758-2 ISBN 978-0060977580
+* Schor, Juliet B. "The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don't Need" Harper Perennial; 1st HarperPerennial Ed Pub. 1999 edition. {{ISBN|0-06-097758-2}} {{ISBN|978-0060977580}}
-* Schor, Juliet B. ‘Learning Diderot’s Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire,’ in Tim Jackson (ed), Sustainable Consumption (2005)
+* Schor, Juliet B. ‘Learning Diderot's Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire,’ in Tim Jackson (ed), Sustainable Consumption (2005)
 ==Further reading==
-*{{cite wikisource|title=Regrets sur ma vieille robe de chambre|wslanguage=fr|trans_title=Regrets on My Old Dressing Gown|first=Denis|last=Diderot|authorlink=Denis Diderot|publisher=Garnier|year=1875-77|location=Paris|scan=Page:Diderot - Œuvres complètes, éd. Assézat, IV.djvu/15}}
+*{{cite wikisource |title=Regrets sur ma vieille robe de chambre |wslanguage=fr |trans-title=Regrets on My Old Dressing Gown |first=Denis |last=Diderot |authorlink=Denis Diderot |publisher=Garnier |year=1875–77 |location=Paris |scan=Page:Diderot - Œuvres complètes, éd. Assézat, IV.djvu/15}}
 * English translation of Regrets on My Old Dressing Gown https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/diderot/1769/regrets.htm
 * 'Diderot Effect’Evans, D, in: P. Robbins, J. Mansvelt and G.Golson, editor(s). "Encyclopaedia of Green Consumerism". Sage; 2010.
@@ Line 24: / Line 37: @@
 ==External links==
 *[http://www.cultureby.com/ Culture By] Grant McCracken's blog
-*[http://www.julietschor.org/ Juliet Schor's Blog]
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111029071816/http://www.julietschor.org/ Juliet Schor's Blog]
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Diderot Effect}}
 [[Category:Anthropology]]
-[[Category:Human behavior]]
+[[Category:Consumer behaviour]]
-[[Category:Consumer_behaviour]]
-[[Category:Consumer theory]]