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'''ACN, Inc.''' is a North American-based [[multi-level marketing]] (MLM) company.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Campbell|first1=David|last2=Edgar|first2=David|last3=Stonehouse|first3=George|title=Business Strategy: An Introduction|date=Apr 1, 2011|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-0-230-21858-1|page=11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqUcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11|access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref> It provides [[telecommunications]], energy, [[merchant services]] and other services, depending on the country, through a network of independent sellers who also can recruit other sellers. Based in [[Concord, North Carolina]], United States, ACN began operations in the United States in 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tuttle |first=Ian |date=2016-03-14 |title=Trump’s Multi-Level Marketing Telecom Endorsement Is Another Example of His Terrible Judgement |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2016/03/donald-trump-american-communications-network-multi-level-marketing-boondoggle/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=National Review |language=en-US}}</ref> {{As of |2019}}, the company reported that it operates in twenty-seven countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=ACN Korea: Company: About ACN |url=http://acnkr.co.kr/2011_eng/pages/company/company_02_01.php |website=acnkr.co.kr |access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2020}}
'''ACN, Inc.''' is a North American [[multi-level marketing]] (MLM) company.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Campbell|first1=David|last2=Edgar|first2=David|last3=Stonehouse|first3=George|title=Business Strategy: An Introduction|date=Apr 1, 2011|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-0-230-21858-1|page=11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqUcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11|access-date=15 April 2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It provides [[telecommunications]], energy, [[merchant services]] and other services, depending on the country, through a network of independent sellers who also can recruit other sellers. Based in [[Concord, North Carolina]], United States, ACN began operations in the United States in 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tuttle |first=Ian |date=2016-03-14 |title=Trump's Multi-Level Marketing Telecom Endorsement Is Another Example of His Terrible Judgement |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2016/03/donald-trump-american-communications-network-multi-level-marketing-boondoggle/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=National Review |language=en-US}}</ref> {{As of |2019}}, the company reported that it operates in twenty-seven countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=ACN Korea: Company: About ACN |url=http://acnkr.co.kr/2011_eng/pages/company/company_02_01.php |website=acnkr.co.kr |access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2020}}


[[Donald Trump]] and [[Trump family|three of his children]] had some involvement with ACN during his term as [[President of the United States|president]] of the [[United States]]. In 2018, a [[Doe et al. v. Trump Corp. et al.|class action lawsuit]] was filed against them alleging [[fraud]], [[false advertising]], [[unfair competition]], and a now-dismissed allegation of [[racketeering]].<ref name="CourtListener_docket">{{cite web |url=https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/8096633/doe-v-the-trump-corporation/ |title=Docket for Doe v. The Trump Corporation, 1:18-cv-09936 |website=CourtListener.com |date=2019-05-09 |access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref><ref name="CourtListener_document_1">{{cite web |url=https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.503637/gov.uscourts.nysd.503637.1.0.pdf |title=Complaint (final for filing) 4818-9714-0089 v.1 - gov.uscourts.nysd.503637.1.0 - Case 1:18-cv-09936 - Document 1 |website=CourtListener.com |date=2018-10-29 |access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> In July 2021, a US appeals court ruled that the case cannot go to arbitration. The lawsuit is ongoing {{as of|July 2021|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/trump-lawyers-accused-of-legal-gamesmanship-in-attempts-to-keep-alleged-pyramid-scheme-from-public-trial/ar-BB1bz1hJ|title=Trump Lawyers Accused of Legal 'Gamesmanship' in Attempts to Keep Alleged Pyramid Scheme from Public Trial|website=www.msn.com}}</ref>
[[Donald Trump]] and [[Trump family|three of his children]] had some involvement with ACN during his term as [[President of the United States|president]] of the [[United States]]. In 2018, a [[Doe et al. v. Trump Corp. et al.|class action lawsuit]] was filed against them alleging [[fraud]], [[false advertising]], [[unfair competition]], and a now-dismissed allegation of [[racketeering]].<ref name="CourtListener_docket">{{cite web |url=https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/8096633/doe-v-the-trump-corporation/ |title=Docket for Doe v. The Trump Corporation, 1:18-cv-09936 |website=CourtListener.com |date=2019-05-09 |access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref><ref name="CourtListener_document_1">{{cite web |url=https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.503637/gov.uscourts.nysd.503637.1.0.pdf |title=Complaint (final for filing) 4818-9714-0089 v.1 - gov.uscourts.nysd.503637.1.0 - Case 1:18-cv-09936 - Document 1 |website=CourtListener.com |date=2018-10-29 |access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> In July 2021, a US appeals court ruled that the case cannot go to arbitration. The lawsuit is ongoing as of March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/trump-lawyers-accused-of-legal-gamesmanship-in-attempts-to-keep-alleged-pyramid-scheme-from-public-trial/ar-BB1bz1hJ|title=Trump Lawyers Accused of Legal 'Gamesmanship' in Attempts to Keep Alleged Pyramid Scheme from Public Trial|website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shamsian |first=Jacob |title=Trump and his 2 eldest sons are scheduled to be deposed for a lawsuit accusing them of promoting a scam multi-level marketing scheme |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-don-jr-eric-depose-acn-mlm-lawsuit-2022-3 |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> It would be dismissed from federal court in January 2024, with the plaintiffs asked to refile in the state courts where they reside.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.courthousenews.com/federal-judge-dumps-pyramid-scheme-lawsuit-against-trump/|title=Federal judge dumps pyramid scheme lawsuit against Trump|first=Nika|last=Schoonover|publisher=Courthouse News Service|date=January 12, 2024|accessdate=March 25, 2024}}</ref>


== Business model==
== Business model==
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== History ==
== History ==
In 1993, Robert Stevanovski, Greg Provenzano, and twin brothers Tony and Mike Cupisz, founded the American Communications Network, Inc. ACN opened for business in January 1993 with twenty initial "independent representatives". ACN's initial business was as a marketing arm for a long-distance reseller called LCI Communications. This relationship lasted for five years until LCI was acquired by [[Qwest Communications]]. By 1998, ACN was listed in ''[[Inc. Magazine]]'''s "Inc. 500" list as No. Twenty-two in this annual list of the five hundred fastest growing private companies in America.<ref name="Inc500">{{cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=The Inc 500 list|url=https://www.truework.com/verifications/acn-employment-verification/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409193954/https://www.truework.com/verifications/acn-employment-verification/ |archive-date=2021-04-09 |access-date=January 20, 2021|website=Truework}}{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
In 1993, Robert Stevanovski, Greg Provenzano, and twin brothers Tony and Mike Cupisz founded the American Communications Network, Inc. ACN opened for business in January 1993 with twenty initial "independent representatives".{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} ACN's initial business was as a marketing arm for a long-distance reseller called LCI Communications. This relationship lasted for five years until LCI was acquired by [[Qwest Communications]]. By 1998, ACN was listed in ''[[Inc. Magazine]]'''s "Inc. 500" list as No. Twenty-two in this annual list of the five hundred fastest growing private companies in America.<ref name="Inc500">{{cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=The Inc 500 list|url=https://www.truework.com/verifications/acn-employment-verification/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409193954/https://www.truework.com/verifications/acn-employment-verification/ |archive-date=2021-04-09 |access-date=January 20, 2021|website=Truework}}{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>


ACN operated as a gas and electricity retailer, through the subsidiaries ACN Energy and ACN Utility Services, prior to its energy assets being acquired by Commerce Energy Group in 2006.<ref name="Commerce-Energy-Group-Inc-Feb-2005-8-K">{{cite web|url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1446/89256905000039/filing-main.htm |title=Commerce Energy Group Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Item 2.01. Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets, Filing Date Feb 10, 2005 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date =May 14, 2018}}</ref> In 2008, ACN moved its headquarters from [[Farmington Hills, Michigan]] to [[Concord, North Carolina]].<ref name=plannedmove>{{cite web|access-date=October 10, 2010|url=http://charlotte.bizjournals.com/charlotte/stories/2008/02/25/daily6.html
ACN operated as a gas and electricity retailer, through the subsidiaries ACN Energy and ACN Utility Services, prior to its energy assets being acquired by Commerce Energy Group in 2006.<ref name="Commerce-Energy-Group-Inc-Feb-2005-8-K">{{cite web|url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1446/89256905000039/filing-main.htm |title=Commerce Energy Group Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Item 2.01. Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets, Filing Date Feb 10, 2005 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date =May 14, 2018}}</ref> In 2008, ACN moved its headquarters from [[Farmington Hills, Michigan]] to [[Concord, North Carolina]].<ref name=plannedmove>{{cite web|access-date=October 10, 2010|url=http://charlotte.bizjournals.com/charlotte/stories/2008/02/25/daily6.html
Line 50: Line 50:


== Legal cases ==
== Legal cases ==
On June 13, 2002, ACN settled a case with the Bureau of Consumer Services in Pennsylvania wherein it was alleged that "[[Amway#Business model|independent business owners]]" (IBOs) were "[[Telephone slamming|slamming]]" or switching consumer services without authorization. ACN disputed the allegations and the exact details of the settlement are under court seal. However, the suit alleged that 135 informal complaints were filed with the Bureau of Consumer Services (BCS) between June 2000 and November 2001, consisting of 22 consumers alleging that their generation service was switched without authorization ("slamming"), eighty-one alleged instances of overcharging ("[[Phone fraud|cramming]]"), and thirty-two complaints with allegations of various violations of the commission's regulations contained in Chapter 54, 56, and 57 of Title 52 of the Pennsylvania Code.<ref name=slamming>{{cite web|access-date=December 24, 2008|url=http://www.puc.state.pa.us/PcDocs/327004.doc|title=Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission v. ACN Energy, Inc.|date=June 12, 2002 |publisher=Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission}}</ref>
On June 13, 2002, ACN settled a case with the Bureau of Consumer Services in Pennsylvania wherein it was alleged that "[[Amway#Business model|independent business owners]]" (IBOs) were "[[Telephone slamming|slamming]]" or switching consumer services without authorization. ACN disputed the allegations and the exact details of the settlement are under court seal. However, the suit alleged that 135 informal complaints were filed with the Bureau of Consumer Services (BCS) between June 2000 and November 2001, consisting of 22 consumers alleging that their generation service was switched without authorization ("slamming"), 81 alleged instances of overcharging ("[[Phone fraud|cramming]]"), and 32 complaints with allegations of various violations of the commission's regulations contained in Chapter 54, 56, and 57 of Title 52 of the Pennsylvania Code.<ref name=slamming>{{cite web|access-date=December 24, 2008|url=http://www.puc.state.pa.us/PcDocs/327004.doc|title=Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission v. ACN Energy, Inc.|date=June 12, 2002 |publisher=Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission}}</ref>


In August 2010, the Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance [[Monica Lindeen]] announced the issuance of a Cease-and-Desist Order and Notice of Proposed Agency Action against ACN, Inc. and several of its founders for operating a [[pyramid scheme]]. In September 2010, the Commissioner moved to vacate the [[Cease and desist|Cease-and-Desist]] Order in full settlement of the case.<ref>[http://www.csi.mt.gov/legal/securities/pdf/S10_ACN%20MT%20to%20Vacate.pdf Motion to Vacate Temporary Cease and Desist Order]</ref> During the Commissioner's investigation, the Commissioner determined that the actions giving rise to the initial concerns were not part of the ACN business model, but instead were isolated instances taking place by certain ACN's independent representatives in Montana. The Commissioner and ACN agreed that ACN would implement additional training with its independent representatives to assist them in better understanding their responsibilities as ACN independent representatives and that ACN would contact its Montana video phone customers to assist them with the installation of their service.<ref name="KXLH">{{cite web|url=http://www.krtv.com/news/mt-regulators-acn-settle-pyramid-scheme-investigation/ |title=MT regulators, ACN settle Pyramid Scheme Investigation |work=KXLH |date=October 12, 2010 |access-date=February 17, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223181758/http://www.krtv.com/news/mt-regulators-acn-settle-pyramid-scheme-investigation/ |archive-date=February 23, 2014 }}</ref>
In August 2010, the Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance [[Monica Lindeen]] announced the issuance of a Cease-and-Desist Order and Notice of Proposed Agency Action against ACN, Inc. and several of its founders for operating a [[pyramid scheme]]. In September 2010, the Commissioner moved to vacate the [[Cease and desist|Cease-and-Desist]] Order in full settlement of the case.<ref>[http://www.csi.mt.gov/legal/securities/pdf/S10_ACN%20MT%20to%20Vacate.pdf Motion to Vacate Temporary Cease and Desist Order]</ref> During the Commissioner's investigation, the Commissioner determined that the actions giving rise to the initial concerns were not part of the ACN business model, but instead were isolated instances taking place by certain ACN's independent representatives in Montana. The Commissioner and ACN agreed that ACN would implement additional training with its independent representatives to assist them in better understanding their responsibilities as ACN independent representatives and that ACN would contact its Montana video phone customers to assist them with the installation of their service.<ref name="KXLH">{{cite web|url=http://www.krtv.com/news/mt-regulators-acn-settle-pyramid-scheme-investigation/ |title=MT regulators, ACN settle Pyramid Scheme Investigation |work=KXLH |date=October 12, 2010 |access-date=February 17, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223181758/http://www.krtv.com/news/mt-regulators-acn-settle-pyramid-scheme-investigation/ |archive-date=February 23, 2014 }}</ref>
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===Doe et al. v. Trump Corp. et al.===
===Doe et al. v. Trump Corp. et al.===
{{main|Doe et al. v. Trump Corp. et al.}}
{{main|Doe et al. v. Trump Corp. et al.}}
In July 2019, a [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|SDNY]] District Judge permitted state-level charges of fraud, false advertising, and unfair competition against Donald Trump and his children [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]], [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]], and [[Eric Trump|Eric]] related to their involvement with ACN. (The judge, however, dismissed racketeering ([[RICO]]) allegations against the family.)<ref name=CourtListener_docket /><ref name=CourtListener_document_1 /><ref>{{cite news |last=Stempel |first=Jonathan |title=Trump must face marketing scam lawsuit, escapes racketeering claims: NY judge |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-marketing-lawsuit/trump-must-face-marketing-scam-lawsuit-escapes-racketeering-claims-ny-judge-idUSKCN1UJ349 |date=2019-07-24 |access-date=2019-10-08 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> The Trumps are accused of not having disclosed that they were being paid by ACN when they recommended ACN as a sound investment. As part of the discovery process, the Trumps were ordered in March 2020 to provide information from Trump Organization business records for 15 years back to 2005.<ref name="fraud">{{cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Shayna |title=Trump ordered to expand document search in suit alleging he endorsed pyramid scam|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-ordered-to-expand-document-search-in-suit-alleging-he-endorsed-pyramid-scam/2020/03/14/c903fa0e-6579-11ea-acca-80c22bbee96f_story.html|date=March 14, 2020 |access-date=March 14, 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The Trumps sought to take the case to private arbitration, but the SDNY District Judge denied their request on April 8, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6834130/4-8-20-Doe-v-Trump-Opinion.pdf|title=Jane Doe et al vs. The Trump Corporation et al (PDF)|last=U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York|date=8 April 2020|website=DocumentCloud.org|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> On May 18, 2020, the District Court ruled against ACN and Donald Trump's motion for a Stay in the case. Trump had sought a stay during his term as President of the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jane Doe v Trump Lawsuit Discovery (Law) |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/462044497/Jane-Doe-v-Trump#from_embed |website=Scribd |access-date=19 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
In July 2019, a [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|SDNY]] District Judge permitted state-level charges of fraud, false advertising, and unfair competition against Donald Trump and his children [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]], [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]], and [[Eric Trump|Eric]] related to their involvement with ACN. (The judge, however, dismissed racketeering ([[RICO]]) allegations against the family.)<ref name=CourtListener_docket /><ref name=CourtListener_document_1 /><ref>{{cite news |last=Stempel |first=Jonathan |title=Trump must face marketing scam lawsuit, escapes racketeering claims: NY judge |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-marketing-lawsuit/trump-must-face-marketing-scam-lawsuit-escapes-racketeering-claims-ny-judge-idUSKCN1UJ349 |date=2019-07-24 |access-date=2019-10-08 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> The Trumps are accused of not having disclosed that they were being paid by ACN when they recommended ACN as a sound investment. As part of the discovery process, the Trumps were ordered in March 2020 to provide information from Trump Organization business records for 15 years back to 2005.<ref name="fraud">{{cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Shayna |title=Trump ordered to expand document search in suit alleging he endorsed pyramid scam|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-ordered-to-expand-document-search-in-suit-alleging-he-endorsed-pyramid-scam/2020/03/14/c903fa0e-6579-11ea-acca-80c22bbee96f_story.html|date=March 14, 2020 |access-date=March 14, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The Trumps sought to take the case to private arbitration, but the SDNY District Judge denied their request on April 8, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6834130/4-8-20-Doe-v-Trump-Opinion.pdf|title=Jane Doe et al vs. The Trump Corporation et al (PDF)|last=U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York|date=8 April 2020|website=DocumentCloud.org|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> On May 18, 2020, the District Court ruled against ACN and Donald Trump's motion for a Stay in the case. Trump had sought a stay during his term as President of the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jane Doe v Trump Lawsuit Discovery (Law) |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/462044497/Jane-Doe-v-Trump#from_embed |website=Scribd |access-date=19 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The case was dismissed from federal court on January 12, 2024.<ref>Schoonover, Nika. "[https://www.courthousenews.com/federal-judge-dumps-pyramid-scheme-lawsuit-against-trump/ Federal judge dumps pyramid scheme lawsuit against Trump]," ''Courthouse News Service,'' Jan. 12, 2024. Retrieved Jan. 23, 2024.</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Multi-level marketing companies]]
[[Category:Multi-level marketing companies]]
[[Category:Direct marketing]]
[[Category:Direct marketing]]
[[Category:Privately held companies]]
[[Category:Privately held companies based in North Carolina]]
[[Category:Privately held companies based in North Carolina]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of the United States]]

Latest revision as of 17:32, 27 August 2024

For other uses, see ACN (disambiguation).

ACN, Inc.
Company typePrivate
IndustryMulti-level marketing, telecommunications
Founded1993
FoundersRobert Stevanovski
Gregory Provenzano
Anthony Cupisz
Michael Cupisz
[1]
Headquarters
Concord, North Carolina
,
US
Products
RevenueUS$750 million (2016)[citation needed]
Number of employees
1,100
Websiteacn.com

ACN, Inc. is a North American multi-level marketing (MLM) company.[2] It provides telecommunications, energy, merchant services and other services, depending on the country, through a network of independent sellers who also can recruit other sellers. Based in Concord, North Carolina, United States, ACN began operations in the United States in 1993.[3] As of 2019, the company reported that it operates in twenty-seven countries.[4][failed verification]

Donald Trump and three of his children had some involvement with ACN during his term as president of the United States. In 2018, a class action lawsuit was filed against them alleging fraud, false advertising, unfair competition, and a now-dismissed allegation of racketeering.[5][6] In July 2021, a US appeals court ruled that the case cannot go to arbitration. The lawsuit is ongoing as of March 2022.[7][8] It would be dismissed from federal court in January 2024, with the plaintiffs asked to refile in the state courts where they reside.[9]

Business model

[edit]

The company is based in Concord, North Carolina, United States. ACN has international offices located in Montreal, Canada; Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Sydney, Australia; Wrocław, Poland; Gothenburg, Sweden;[10] Seoul, South Korea, and the United Mexican States.[citation needed]

ACN's income disclosure statement bears the warning that "not all ACN independent representatives make a profit and no one can be guaranteed success as an ACN independent representative."[11]

History

[edit]

In 1993, Robert Stevanovski, Greg Provenzano, and twin brothers Tony and Mike Cupisz founded the American Communications Network, Inc. ACN opened for business in January 1993 with twenty initial "independent representatives".[citation needed] ACN's initial business was as a marketing arm for a long-distance reseller called LCI Communications. This relationship lasted for five years until LCI was acquired by Qwest Communications. By 1998, ACN was listed in Inc. Magazine's "Inc. 500" list as No. Twenty-two in this annual list of the five hundred fastest growing private companies in America.[12]

ACN operated as a gas and electricity retailer, through the subsidiaries ACN Energy and ACN Utility Services, prior to its energy assets being acquired by Commerce Energy Group in 2006.[13] In 2008, ACN moved its headquarters from Farmington Hills, Michigan to Concord, North Carolina.[14][15] In 2014, ACN expanded operations to Latin America, beginning first with Mexico. In 2016, ACN expanded operations in Japan. By 2019, ACN was operating in 26 countries and five continents.

From 2006 until he announced his presidential candidacy in 2015, ACN had a business relationship with former The Apprentice executive producer Donald Trump. Trump spoke at ACN events, featured their products on an episode of The Apprentice, and took part in ACN promotional videos.[16][17][18][19] Following the official beginning of his 2016 presidential candidacy, all references to Donald Trump were removed from the ACN website, and Trump distanced himself from the company in an interview with The Wall Street Journal. "I know nothing about the company other than the people who run the company," Trump told them. "I’m not familiar with what they do or how they go about doing it, and I make that clear in my speeches."[20]

Services

[edit]

ACN offers landline telephone service (local and long distance), Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), high-speed Internet, satellite television, cellular phone through the company's own mobile virtual network operator (MVNO), Flash Wireless, and home security services, primarily to consumers, and secondarily to small businesses. Beginning in 2011, ACN also began offering an ACN-branded international calling smartphone app available for iPhone, Android and Symbian, reselling WiMAX wireless Internet, and technical support service for personal and business computers, as well as getting back into the energy reselling market through partner XOOM Energy.[21]

With variations depending upon the country of operation, provision of ACN's services follows three models:

  1. The reselling of ACN-branded services originating in an incumbent provider. This is exemplified by local and long-distance telephone, where ACN buys local telephone service from an incumbent provider such as Qwest or AT&T, and bills customers in its own name. This model was made possible by telephone industry deregulation beginning in 1996; prior to this, ACN was involved solely in reselling long-distance telephone service. It was the expansion of deregulation internationally that made it possible for ACN to begin to operate outside the United States.
  2. Acting as a sales agent for the service provider, where an ACN representative sells the service, but order fulfillment, billing, and servicing is performed by the branded provider. In the US, ACN resells Internet service through AT&T. ACN offers wireless services through its own MVNO called Flash Wireless on Sprint and Verizon's networks. Television services are provided through DIRECTV and Dish Network. Home security and automation is offered through Vivint.[22] ACN now also resells energy (electricity and natural gas) through Planet Energy and Xoom Energy.
  3. The selling of ACN-branded and provided services. These are Voice over Internet Protocol[23] in which ACN owns and maintains its own network of servers. Starting in January 2011, ACN has also added an ACN-branded computer technical support service to its service offerings.[24]
[edit]

On June 13, 2002, ACN settled a case with the Bureau of Consumer Services in Pennsylvania wherein it was alleged that "independent business owners" (IBOs) were "slamming" or switching consumer services without authorization. ACN disputed the allegations and the exact details of the settlement are under court seal. However, the suit alleged that 135 informal complaints were filed with the Bureau of Consumer Services (BCS) between June 2000 and November 2001, consisting of 22 consumers alleging that their generation service was switched without authorization ("slamming"), 81 alleged instances of overcharging ("cramming"), and 32 complaints with allegations of various violations of the commission's regulations contained in Chapter 54, 56, and 57 of Title 52 of the Pennsylvania Code.[25]

In August 2010, the Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance Monica Lindeen announced the issuance of a Cease-and-Desist Order and Notice of Proposed Agency Action against ACN, Inc. and several of its founders for operating a pyramid scheme. In September 2010, the Commissioner moved to vacate the Cease-and-Desist Order in full settlement of the case.[26] During the Commissioner's investigation, the Commissioner determined that the actions giving rise to the initial concerns were not part of the ACN business model, but instead were isolated instances taking place by certain ACN's independent representatives in Montana. The Commissioner and ACN agreed that ACN would implement additional training with its independent representatives to assist them in better understanding their responsibilities as ACN independent representatives and that ACN would contact its Montana video phone customers to assist them with the installation of their service.[27]

Doe et al. v. Trump Corp. et al.

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Main article: Doe et al. v. Trump Corp. et al.

In July 2019, a SDNY District Judge permitted state-level charges of fraud, false advertising, and unfair competition against Donald Trump and his children Donald Jr., Ivanka, and Eric related to their involvement with ACN. (The judge, however, dismissed racketeering (RICO) allegations against the family.)[5][6][28] The Trumps are accused of not having disclosed that they were being paid by ACN when they recommended ACN as a sound investment. As part of the discovery process, the Trumps were ordered in March 2020 to provide information from Trump Organization business records for 15 years back to 2005.[29] The Trumps sought to take the case to private arbitration, but the SDNY District Judge denied their request on April 8, 2020.[30] On May 18, 2020, the District Court ruled against ACN and Donald Trump's motion for a Stay in the case. Trump had sought a stay during his term as President of the United States.[31] The case was dismissed from federal court on January 12, 2024.[32]

References

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  1. ^ "ACN COMMUNICATION SERVICES, INC. Company Information from Hoover's". Hoover's. Archived from the original on July 13, 2007. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
  2. ^ Campbell, David; Edgar, David; Stonehouse, George (April 1, 2011). Business Strategy: An Introduction. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-230-21858-1. Retrieved April 15, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ Tuttle, Ian (March 14, 2016). "Trump's Multi-Level Marketing Telecom Endorsement Is Another Example of His Terrible Judgement". National Review. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  4. ^ "ACN Korea: Company: About ACN". acnkr.co.kr. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  5. ^ a b "Docket for Doe v. The Trump Corporation, 1:18-cv-09936". CourtListener.com. May 9, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Complaint (final for filing) 4818-9714-0089 v.1 - gov.uscourts.nysd.503637.1.0 - Case 1:18-cv-09936 - Document 1" (PDF). CourtListener.com. October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  7. ^ "Trump Lawyers Accused of Legal 'Gamesmanship' in Attempts to Keep Alleged Pyramid Scheme from Public Trial". www.msn.com.
  8. ^ Shamsian, Jacob. "Trump and his 2 eldest sons are scheduled to be deposed for a lawsuit accusing them of promoting a scam multi-level marketing scheme". Business Insider. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  9. ^ Schoonover, Nika (January 12, 2024). "Federal judge dumps pyramid scheme lawsuit against Trump". Courthouse News Service. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
  10. ^ "ACN Euro". 2020. Archived from the original on July 2, 2014. Retrieved Dec 30, 2020.
  11. ^ ACN Inc. (2010). "ACN Income Potential - Compensation Plan". Archived from the original on May 23, 2010. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  12. ^ "The Inc 500 list". Truework. Archived from the original on April 9, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.[dead link]
  13. ^ "Commerce Energy Group Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Item 2.01. Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets, Filing Date Feb 10, 2005". secdatabase.com. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  14. ^ "Telecom company ACN moves to Concord". Charlotte Business Journal. February 26, 2008. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
  15. ^ "ACN Contact Information". ACN. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
  16. ^ Tuttle, Ian (March 14, 2016). "Trump's Multi-Level Marketing Telecom Endorsement Is Another Example of His Terrible Judgement". National Review. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  17. ^ Celarier, Michelle (February 21, 2018). "Trump's Great Pyramid". Slate Magazine. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  18. ^ "ACN & Donald J. Trump". ACN Inc. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2015.
  19. ^ "Donald J. Trump on ACN's Home Based Business". Archived from the original on August 2, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
  20. ^ "Report: Donald Trump made millions from Concord company ACN". The Charlotte Observer. August 13, 2015. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
  21. ^ "ACN Products". ACN. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
  22. ^ "ACN High Speed Internet". Retrieved July 20, 2012.
  23. ^ "ACN Digital Phone". ACN. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
  24. ^ "ACN Premium Technical Support". ACN. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  25. ^ "Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission v. ACN Energy, Inc". Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission. June 12, 2002. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
  26. ^ Motion to Vacate Temporary Cease and Desist Order
  27. ^ "MT regulators, ACN settle Pyramid Scheme Investigation". KXLH. October 12, 2010. Archived from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
  28. ^ Stempel, Jonathan (July 24, 2019). "Trump must face marketing scam lawsuit, escapes racketeering claims: NY judge". Reuters. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  29. ^ Jacobs, Shayna (March 14, 2020). "Trump ordered to expand document search in suit alleging he endorsed pyramid scam". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  30. ^ U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York (April 8, 2020). "Jane Doe et al vs. The Trump Corporation et al (PDF)" (PDF). DocumentCloud.org. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
  31. ^ "Jane Doe v Trump Lawsuit Discovery (Law)". Scribd. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  32. ^ Schoonover, Nika. "Federal judge dumps pyramid scheme lawsuit against Trump," Courthouse News Service, Jan. 12, 2024. Retrieved Jan. 23, 2024.
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