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{{testcases}}

__TOC__
__TOC__
==baricentric (Jul 2022)==
:See [[Template_talk:Infobox_planet#edittemplateprotected]], 20:10, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
:New {{para|barycentric}}; (relates to {{para|orbit_ref}})
{{Testcase table
|name=both
|barycentric=yes
|orbit_ref=<ref>Some Ref</ref>
| eccentricity = 0.123
}}
{{Testcase table
|name=bc only
|barycentric=yes
|orbit_ref=
| eccentricity = 0.123
}}
{{Testcase table
|name=orbitref
|barycentric=
|orbit_ref=<ref>Some Ref</ref>
| eccentricity = 0.123
}}
{{Testcase table
|name=(no params used)
|barycentric=
|orbit_ref=
| eccentricity =
}}


== New parameters proposed by Bellezzasolo==
== (7474) 1992 TC ==
{{Testcase table
| background = #FFC2E0
| discoverer = [[Roy A. Tucker]]<br />[[David J. Tholen]]<br />[[Fabrizio Bernardi]]
| discovery_site = [[Kitt Peak National Observatory|Kitt Peak]]
| named_after = [[Apep]]
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 99942 Apophis
| image = 2004MN4 Sormano.gif
| image_size = 250
| caption = Animation of ''Apophis'' imaged at the [[Sormano Astronomical Observatory]]
| discovery_ref =
| discovered = 19 June 2004
| mpc_name = (99942) Apophis
| alt_names = {{mp|2004 MN|4}}
| mp_category = {{mpcat|Aten}}<br />[[Near-Earth object|NEO]], [[Potentially hazardous object|PHA]]
| orbit_ref =
| epoch = 7 December 2007 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2454441.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 3635 days (9.95 yr)
| aphelion = {{Convert|1.09851|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| period = 0.89 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (323.5 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])
| abs_magnitude = 19.7 ± 0.4
| semimajor = {{Convert|0.92228|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| perihelion = {{Convert|0.74605|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| eccentricity = 0.19108
| inclination = 3.33129°
| asc_node = 204.45719°
| arg_peri = 126.39364°
| avg_speed = 30.728 km/[[second|s]]
| mean_anomaly = 215.53998[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = 1.11278°/day
| max_torino = 4
| torino_scale = 0
| closest_earth = 31,200 km
| neo_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news146.html|title=NASA Centre for Near Earth Object Studies}}</ref>
| jupiter_moid = {{Convert|4.12656|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| tisserand = 6.467
| moid = {{Convert|0.000659446|AU|km mi|abbr=on}}
| dimensions = {{Convert|0.370|km|abbr=on}}
| mean_radius = {{Convert|0.185|km|abbr=on}}
| density = ~3.2 g/cm{{sup|3}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aero.org/conferences/planetarydefense/2007papers/S1-8--Binzel-Brief.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412135701/http://www.aero.org/conferences/planetarydefense/2007papers/S1-8--Binzel-Brief.pdf|archivedate=2012-04-12|title=Can NEAs be Grouped by Their Common Physical Characteristics?|last=Binzel|first=Richard P.|work=Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science|Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]|publisher=aero.org|date=2007}}</ref>
| escape_velocity = ~0.52 km/h<ref name=estimate>assuming radius of 0.135 km and mass of 2.1e10 kg yields an escape velocity of 0.14 m/s or 0.52 km/h.</ref>
| mass = 6.1{{e|10}} kg (assumed)
| surface_grav = {{val|0.00027|u=m/s2}} (average)
| rotation = {{Convert|30.4|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}<br />tumbling:<br />precession period:<br />27.38±0.07 h<br />rotation period:<br />263±6 h<br />period of harmonic with strongest lightcurve amplitude:<br />30.56±0.01 h
| spectral_type = Sq
| albedo = 0.23
| single_temperature = 270 [[kelvin|K]]
}}


== 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko ==
{{ testcases side by side
{{Testcase table
| {{ infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
| width = 25em
| image = Comet 67P on 19 September 2014 NavCam mosaic.jpg
| bgcolour = #FFFFC0
| image_upright = 1.35
| name = (7474) 1992 TC
| caption = [[Greyscale]] photograph of Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko taken by the [[Rosetta (spacecraft)|''Rosetta'']] spacecraft
| discovery = yes
| discoverer = [[Klim Churyumov|Klim Ivanovych Churyumov]] <br> {{Nowrap|[[Svetlana Gerasimenko|Svetlana Ivanovna Gerasimenko]]}}
| discoverer = [[McNaught, R. H.]]
| discovered = 20 September 1969
| discovery_site = [[Siding Spring]]
| discovery_site = [[Almaty|Alma-Ata]], [[Kazakh SSR]], [[Soviet Union]] <br> [[Kiev]], [[Ukrainian SSR]], Soviet Union
| discovered = October 1, 1992
| alt_names = 1969&nbsp;R1, 1969&nbsp;IV, 1969h, 1975&nbsp;P1, 1976&nbsp;VII, 1975i, 1982&nbsp;VIII, 1982f, 1989&nbsp;VI, 1988i
| designations = yes
| orbit_ref =
| mp_name = 7474
| epoch = 10 August 2014 ([[Julian date|JD]] 2456879.5)
| alt_names = 1992 TC
| aphelion = {{convert|5.6829|AU|km|abbr=on}}
| orbit_diagram = [[File:1992 TC orbital diagram.jpg|260px]]
| perihelion = {{convert|1.2432|AU|km|abbr=on}}
| aphelion = 2.023111642510545
| semimajor = {{convert|3.4630|AU|km|abbr=on}}
| perihelion = 1.107915050542907
| eccentricity = 0.64102
| semimajor = 1.565513346526726
| period = 6.44 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]
| eccentricity = .2922991982144734
| inclination = 7.0405°
| period = 715.4570847231395
| asc_node = 50.147°
| inclination = 7.087940650181295
| mean_anomaly = 303.71°
| asc_node = 88.68004129425852
| arg_peri = 12.780°
| mean_anomaly = 33.48891836193705
| time_peri = 13 August 2015
| arg_peri = 275.4947151224215
| dimensions = Large lobe: <br> {{convert|4.1|*|3.3|*|1.8|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} <br> Small lobe: <br> {{convert|2.6|*|2.3|*|1.8|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}
| physical_characteristics = yes
| volume = {{convert|21.4|km3|abbr=on}}
|spectral_type = [[Asteroid spectral types|X]]
| mass = {{val|1.0|0.1|e=13|u=kg}}
| abs_magnitude = 18
| density = {{convert|0.533|±|0.006|g/cm3|abbr=on}}<ref name="Lakdawalla1118">{{cite web |url=http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2015/dps15-1118-rosetta.html |title=DPS 2015: A little science from Rosetta, beyond perihelion |publisher=The Planetary Society |first=Emily |last=Lakdawalla |date=19 November 2015 |accessdate=8 December 2015}}</ref>
| porosity = 0.72<ref name="Lakdawalla1118"/>
| escape_velocity = ''est.'' {{convert|1|m/s|ft/s|0|abbr=on}}
| rotation = {{val|12.4043|0.0007|u=hours}}
| right_asc_north_pole= 69.3°
| declination = 64.1°
| axial_tilt = 52°
| albedo = 0.06
| temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]]
| min_temp_1 = 180
| max_temp_1 = 230
| temp_name2 = Celsius
| min_temp_2 = −93
| max_temp_2 = −43
| temp_name3 = Fahrenheit
| min_temp_3 = −135
| max_temp_3 = −45
}}
}}

| {{ infobox planet/sandbox
== (7474) 1992 TC ==

{{Testcase table
| minorplanet = yes
| minorplanet = yes
| width = 25em
| width = 25em
Line 37: Line 135:
| discovery = yes
| discovery = yes
| discoverer = [[McNaught, R. H.]]
| discoverer = [[McNaught, R. H.]]
| discovery_site = [[Siding Spring]]
| discovery_site = [[Siding Spring Observatory|Siding Spring]]
| discovered = October 1, 1992
| discovered = October 1, 1992
| designations = yes
| designations = yes
Line 43: Line 141:
| alt_names = 1992 TC
| alt_names = 1992 TC
| orbit_diagram = [[File:1992 TC orbital diagram.jpg|260px]]
| orbit_diagram = [[File:1992 TC orbital diagram.jpg|260px]]
| epoch = 2457000.0
| uncertainty = 0
| aphelion = 2.023111642510545
| aphelion = 2.023111642510545
| perihelion = 1.107915050542907
| perihelion = 1.107915050542907
| semimajor = 1.565513346526726
| semimajor = 1.565513346526726
| observation_arc_length = 3 days
| eccentricity = .2922991982144734
| eccentricity = .2922991982144734
| period = 715.4570847231395
| period = 715.4570847231395
Line 51: Line 152:
| asc_node = 88.68004129425852
| asc_node = 88.68004129425852
| mean_anomaly = 33.48891836193705
| mean_anomaly = 33.48891836193705
| distance_from_sun = {{val|2.7|ul=AU}}&nbsp;{{as of|2015|January|lc=y}}
| arg_peri = 275.4947151224215
| arg_peri = 275.4947151224215
| physical_characteristics = yes
| physical_characteristics = yes
|spectral_type = [[Asteroid spectral types|X]]
|spectral_type = [[Asteroid spectral types|X]]
|family = none
| abs_magnitude = 18
| abs_magnitude = 18
}}
}}
}}
{{-}}


== Adrastea ==
== Adrastea ==


{{Testcase table
{{ testcases side by side
| {{Infobox planet
| name = Adrastea
| name = Adrastea
| adjectives = Adrastean
| adjectives = Adrastean
Line 76: Line 176:
| eccentricity = 0.0015{{sfn|Evans Porco et al.|2002}}{{sfn|Burns Simonelli et al.|2004}}
| eccentricity = 0.0015{{sfn|Evans Porco et al.|2002}}{{sfn|Burns Simonelli et al.|2004}}
| period = 0.29826 d <br /> (7 h 9.5 min){{sfn|Evans Porco et al.|2002}}{{sfn|Burns Simonelli et al.|2004}}
| period = 0.29826 d <br /> (7 h 9.5 min){{sfn|Evans Porco et al.|2002}}{{sfn|Burns Simonelli et al.|2004}}
| avg_speed = 31.378 km/s{{efn|name=calculated}}
| avg_speed = 31.378 km/s
| inclination = 0.03° <br /> (to Jupiter's equator){{sfn|Evans Porco et al.|2002}}{{sfn|Burns Simonelli et al.|2004}}
| inclination = 0.03° <br /> (to Jupiter's equator){{sfn|Evans Porco et al.|2002}}{{sfn|Burns Simonelli et al.|2004}}
| satellite_of = [[Jupiter]]
| satellite_of = [[Jupiter]]
| observation_arc_length = 3 days
| distance_from_sun = {{val|22.7|u=AU}}&nbsp;{{as of|2015|January|lc=y}}
| mean_radius = 8.2 ± 2.0 km{{sfn|Thomas Burns et al.|1998}}
| mean_radius = 8.2 ± 2.0 km{{sfn|Thomas Burns et al.|1998}}
| dimensions = 20×16×14 km{{sfn|Thomas Burns et al.|1998}}
| dimensions = 20×16×14 km{{sfn|Thomas Burns et al.|1998}}
| volume = ~2,345 km³{{efn|name=calculated}}
| volume = ~2,345 km³
| mass = ~2{{Esp|15}} kg{{efn|name=calculated}}
| mass = ~2{{E-sp|15}} kg
| density = 0.86 g/cm³ (assumed)
| density = 0.86 g/cm³ (assumed)
| surface_grav = ~0.002 [[Acceleration|m/s²]] <br /> (0.0004 g){{efn|name=calculated}}
| surface_grav = ~0.002 [[Acceleration|m/s²]] <br /> (0.0004 g)
| escape_velocity = ~0.008 km/s{{efn|name=calculated}}
| escape_velocity = ~0.008 km/s
| rotation = [[synchronous rotation|synchronous]]
| rotation = [[synchronous rotation|synchronous]]
| axial_tilt = zero{{sfn|Thomas Burns et al.|1998}}
| axial_tilt = zero{{sfn|Thomas Burns et al.|1998}}
Line 91: Line 193:
| single_temperature = ~122 K
| single_temperature = ~122 K
}}
}}
| {{Infobox planet/sandbox
| name = Adrastea
| adjectives = Adrastean
| image = [[File:adrastea.jpg]]
| caption = Image of Adrastea taken by [[Galileo probe|Galileo spacecraft]] between November 1996 and June 1997
| discoverer =
{{plainlist |
* [[David Jewitt|David C. Jewitt]]
* {{nowrap|[[G. Edward Danielson]]}}
}}
| discovered = July 8, 1979
| mean_orbit_radius = 129,000 km{{sfn|Evans Porco et al.|2002}}{{sfn|Burns Simonelli et al.|2004}}
| eccentricity = 0.0015{{sfn|Evans Porco et al.|2002}}{{sfn|Burns Simonelli et al.|2004}}
| period = 0.29826 d <br /> (7 h 9.5 min){{sfn|Evans Porco et al.|2002}}{{sfn|Burns Simonelli et al.|2004}}
| avg_speed = 31.378 km/s{{efn|name=calculated}}
| inclination = 0.03° <br /> (to Jupiter's equator){{sfn|Evans Porco et al.|2002}}{{sfn|Burns Simonelli et al.|2004}}
| satellite_of = [[Jupiter]]
| mean_radius = 8.2 ± 2.0 km{{sfn|Thomas Burns et al.|1998}}
| dimensions = 20×16×14 km{{sfn|Thomas Burns et al.|1998}}
| volume = ~2,345 km³{{efn|name=calculated}}
| mass = ~2{{Esp|15}} kg{{efn|name=calculated}}
| density = 0.86 g/cm³ (assumed)
| surface_grav = ~0.002 [[Acceleration|m/s²]] <br /> (0.0004 g){{efn|name=calculated}}
| escape_velocity = ~0.008 km/s{{efn|name=calculated}}
| rotation = [[synchronous rotation|synchronous]]
| axial_tilt = zero{{sfn|Thomas Burns et al.|1998}}
| albedo = 0.1 ± 0.045{{sfn|Thomas Burns et al.|1998}}
| single_temperature = ~122 K
}}
}}
{{-}}

== Carme ==
== Carme ==


{{Testcase table
{{ testcases side by side
| {{Infobox Planet
|name = Carme
|name = Carme
|background = #ffc0c0
|background = #ffc0c0
Line 144: Line 213:
|accessdate=2008-12-12}}</ref>
|accessdate=2008-12-12}}</ref>
|surface_area = ~6600 km²
|surface_area = ~6600 km²
| observation_arc_length = 3 days
| distance_from_sun = ''distance''
|volume = ~51,000 km³
|volume = ~51,000 km³
|mass = 1.3{{e|17}} kg
|mass = 1.3{{e|17}} kg
Line 152: Line 223:
|single_temperature = ~124 K
|single_temperature = ~124 K
}}
}}
| {{Infobox Planet/sandbox
|name = Carme
|background = #ffc0c0
|discoverer = [[Seth Barnes Nicholson|S. B. Nicholson]]
|discovered = July 30, 1938<ref name="Nicholson 1938">{{cite journal |last=Nicholson |first=S. B. |title=Two New Satellites of Jupiter |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |year=1938 |volume=50 | pages=pp.292–293 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0050//0000292.000.html |doi=10.1086/124963 |bibcode=1938PASP...50..292N}}</ref>
|mean_orbit_radius = 23.4 million km<ref name="Jacobson 2000">{{cite journal |last=Jacobson |first=R. A. |title=The Orbits of Outer Jovian Satellites |journal=Astronomical Journal |year=2000 |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=pp.2679–2686 |doi=10.1086/316817 |bibcode=2000AJ....120.2679J}}</ref>
|eccentricity = 0.25<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|period = 702.28 d (2.045 [[Year|a]])<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|avg_speed = 2.253 km/s
|inclination = {{nowrap|164.91° (to the [[ecliptic]])}}<br/>167.53° (to Jupiter's equator)<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|satellite_of = [[Jupiter]]
|mean_radius = ~23 km<ref name=jplssd>{{cite web
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par
|publisher=[[JPL]] (Solar System Dynamics)
|title=Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters
|date=2008-10-24
|accessdate=2008-12-12}}</ref>
|surface_area = ~6600 km²
|volume = ~51,000 km³
|mass = 1.3{{e|17}} kg
|density = 2.6 g/cm³ (assumed)<ref name=jplssd/>
|surface_grav = ~0.017 [[Acceleration|m/s<sup>2</sup>]] (0.0017 ''g'')
|escape_velocity = ~0.028 km/s
|albedo = 0.04 (assumed)<ref name=jplssd/>
|single_temperature = ~124 K
}}
}}
{{-}}


== Earth ==
== Earth ==


{{Testcase table
{{ testcases side by side
| {{Infobox planet
| bgcolour = #c0c0ff
| bgcolour = #c0c0ff
| name = Earth
| name = Earth
| symbol = [[File:Earth symbol.svg|25px|Astronomical symbol of Earth]]
| symbol = [[File:Earth symbol.svg|25px|Astronomical symbol of Earth]]
| image = [[File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|270px|A color image of Earth as seen from Apollo 17|alt=A planetary disk of white cloud formations, brown and green land masses, and dark blue oceans against a black background. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in the upper half of the disk, while Antarctica is at the bottom.]]
| image = The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg
| image_upright = 1.25
| image_alt = A planetary disk of white cloud formations, brown and green land masses, and dark blue oceans against a black background. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in the upper half of the disk, while Antarctica is at the bottom.
| caption = "[[The Blue Marble]]" photograph of Earth,<br>taken from ''[[Apollo 17]]''
| caption = "[[The Blue Marble]]" photograph of Earth,<br>taken from ''[[Apollo 17]]''
| alt_names = Terra, Gaia
| alt_names = Terra, Gaia
| flag = {{flagicon|world}}
| flag = {{flagicon|World Health Organization}}
| epoch = [[J2000.0]]<ref group=note name=epoch/>
| epoch = [[J2000.0]]
| aphelion = 152,098,232&nbsp;km<br> 1.01671388&nbsp;[[astronomical unit|AU]]<ref group=note name=apsis/>
| aphelion = 152,098,232&nbsp;km<br> 1.01671388&nbsp;[[astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 147,098,290&nbsp;km<br> 0.98329134&nbsp;AU<ref group=note name=apsis/>
| perihelion = 147,098,290&nbsp;km<br> 0.98329134&nbsp;AU
| semimajor = 149,598,261&nbsp;km<br> 1.00000261&nbsp;AU<ref name=standish_williams_iau/>
| semimajor = 149,598,261&nbsp;km<br> 1.00000261&nbsp;AU
| distance_from_sun = ''distance''
| eccentricity = 0.01671123<ref name=standish_williams_iau/>
| observation_arc_length = 3 days
| inclination = 7.155° to [[Sun]]'s [[equator]]<br>1.57869°<ref name=Allen294/> to [[invariable plane]]
| eccentricity = 0.01671123
| asc_node = 348.73936°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><ref group=note name=asc_node/>
| inclination = 7.155° to [[Sun]]'s [[equator]]<br>1.57869° to [[invariable plane]]
| arg_peri = 114.20783°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><ref group=note name=arg_peri/>
| asc_node = 348.73936°
| mean_anomaly = 357.51716°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| arg_peri = 114.20783°
| period = 365.256363004&nbsp;days<ref name="IERS"/><br>1.000017421&nbsp;[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]
| mean_anomaly = 357.51716°
| avg_speed = 29.78&nbsp;km/s<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><br>107,200&nbsp;km/h
| period = {{convert|365.256363004|d|yr|comma=gaps|abbr=on|lk=out|disp=x|<br /><small>(|[[julian year (astronomy)|<sub>j</sub>]])</small>}}
| satellites = 1 natural&nbsp;(the [[Moon]])
| synodic_period = {{convert|365.242190402|d|yr|comma=gaps|abbr=on|lk=out|disp=x|<br /><small>(|[[julian year (astronomy)|<sub>j</sub>]])</small>}}
<br /> 8,300+ artificial ({{as of|2001|3|1|lc=on}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=4008|title=Reentry Assessment - US Space Command Fact Sheet|author=[[US Space Command]]|date=March 1, 2001|publisher=SpaceRef Interactive|accessdate=2011-05-07}}</ref>
| avg_speed = 29.78&nbsp;km/s<br>107,200&nbsp;km/h
| satellites = 1 natural&nbsp;(the [[Moon]])<br /> 8,300+ [[satellite|artificial]] ({{as of|2001|3|1|lc=on}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=4008|title=Reentry Assessment - US Space Command Fact Sheet|author=[[US Space Command]]|date=March 1, 2001|publisher=SpaceRef Interactive|accessdate=2011-05-07}}</ref>
| physical_characteristics = yes
| physical_characteristics = yes
| flattening = 0.0033528<ref name=iers/>
| flattening = 0.0033528
| equatorial_radius = 6,378.1&nbsp;km<ref name=usno/><ref name="WGS-84"/>
| equatorial_radius = 6,378.1&nbsp;km<ref name="WGS-84"/>
| polar_radius = 6,356.8&nbsp;km<ref name=cazenave_ahrens1995/>
| polar_radius = 6,356.8&nbsp;km
| mean_radius = 6,371.0&nbsp;km<ref name=hbcp2000/>
| mean_radius = 6,371.0&nbsp;km
| circumference = 40,075.017&nbsp;km&nbsp;([[equator]]ial)<ref name="WGS-84">[[World Geodetic System]] (''WGS-84''). [http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/ Available online] from [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]].</ref><br>40,007.86&nbsp;km&nbsp;([[meridional]])<ref name="WGS-84-2"/>
| circumference = 40,075.017&nbsp;km&nbsp;([[equator]]ial)<ref name="WGS-84">[[World Geodetic System]] (''WGS-84''). [http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/ Available online] from [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]].</ref><br>40,007.86&nbsp;km&nbsp;([[meridional]])
| surface_area = 510,072,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><ref name="Pidwirny 2006" /><ref name=cia /><ref group=note name=surfacecover/>
| surface_area = 510,072,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
{{nowrap|148,940,000 km<sup>2</sup> land (29.2 %)}}<br>
{{nowrap|148,940,000 km<sup>2</sup> land (29.2 %)}}<br>
{{nowrap|361,132,000 km<sup>2</sup> water (70.8 %)}}
{{nowrap|361,132,000 km<sup>2</sup> water (70.8 %)}}
| volume = [[Volume of the Earth|1.08321{{e|12}}]]&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup><ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| volume = [[Volume of the Earth|1.08321{{e|12}}]]&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup>
| mass = 5.9736{{e|24}}&nbsp;kg<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| mass = 5.9736{{e|24}}&nbsp;kg
| density = 5.515&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| density = 5.515&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| surface_grav = [[Earth's gravity|9.780327]] [[metre per second squared|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]<ref name="yoder12"/><br>0.99732&nbsp;[[g-force|''g'']]
| surface_grav = [[Earth's gravity|9.780327]] [[metre per second squared|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]<br>0.99732&nbsp;[[g-force|''g'']]
| escape_velocity = 11.186&nbsp;km/s<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| escape_velocity = 11.186&nbsp;km/s
| rotation = {{longitem|{{val|1.0|u=d}} <br /> <small>(24h&nbsp;00m&nbsp;00s) average [[solar day|synodic rotation period (solar day)]]</small>}}
| sidereal_day = 0.99726968&nbsp;d<ref name=Allen296 /> <br>23{{smallsup|h}}&nbsp;56{{smallsup|m}}&nbsp;4.100{{smallsup|s}}
| sidereal_day = {{longitem|{{val|0.99726968|u=d}} <br /> <small>(23h&nbsp;56m&nbsp;4.100s)</small>}}
| rot_velocity = {{convert|1674.4|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Cox2000"/>

| axial_tilt = 23°26'21".4119<ref name="IERS"/>
| rot_velocity = {{convert|1674.4|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}}
| albedo = 0.367 ([[Geometric albedo|geometric]])<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><br/>
| axial_tilt = 23°26'21".4119
0.306 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| albedo = 0.367 ([[Geometric albedo|geometric]])<br/>
0.306 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])
| atmosphere = yes
| atmosphere = yes
| temperatures = yes
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]]
| temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]]
| min_temp_1 = 184&nbsp;K<ref name=asu_lowest_temp/>
| min_temp_1 = 184&nbsp;K
| mean_temp_1 = 287.2&nbsp;K<ref name=kinver20091210/>
| mean_temp_1 = 287.2&nbsp;K
| max_temp_1 = 331&nbsp;K<ref name=asu_highest_temp/>
| max_temp_1 = 331&nbsp;K
| temp_name2 = [[Celsius]]
| temp_name2 = [[Celsius]]
| min_temp_2 = −89.2&nbsp;°C
| min_temp_2 = −89.2&nbsp;°C
| mean_temp_2 = 14&nbsp;°C
| mean_temp_2 = 14&nbsp;°C
| max_temp_2 = 57.8&nbsp;°C
| max_temp_2 = 57.8&nbsp;°C
| surface_equivalent_dose_rate = {{convert |2.40 |mSv/yr |μSv/h |disp=out}}
| surface_pressure = [[Atmosphere (unit)|101.325]]&nbsp;[[Pascal (unit)|kPa]] ([[Sea level|MSL]])
| surface_pressure = [[Atmosphere (unit)|101.325]]&nbsp;[[Pascal (unit)|kPa]] ([[Sea level|MSL]])
| atmosphere_composition = 78.08%&nbsp;[[nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>)<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/> (dry air)<br> 20.95%&nbsp;[[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>)<br> 0.93%&nbsp;[[argon]]<br> 0.038%&nbsp;[[carbon dioxide]]<br>About 1% [[water vapor]] (varies with [[climate]])
| atmosphere_composition = 78.08%&nbsp;[[nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>) (dry air)<br> 20.95%&nbsp;[[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>)<br> 0.93%&nbsp;[[argon]]<br> 0.038%&nbsp;[[carbon dioxide]]<br>About 1% [[water vapor]] (varies with [[climate]])
|note = no
|note = no
}}
}}
| {{Infobox planet/sandbox
| bgcolour = #c0c0ff
| name = Earth
| symbol = [[File:Earth symbol.svg|25px|Astronomical symbol of Earth]]
| image = [[File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|270px|A color image of Earth as seen from Apollo 17|alt=A planetary disk of white cloud formations, brown and green land masses, and dark blue oceans against a black background. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in the upper half of the disk, while Antarctica is at the bottom.]]
| caption = "[[The Blue Marble]]" photograph of Earth,<br>taken from ''[[Apollo 17]]''
| alt_names = Terra, Gaia
| flag = {{flagicon|world}}
| epoch = [[J2000.0]]<ref group=note name=epoch/>
| aphelion = 152,098,232&nbsp;km<br> 1.01671388&nbsp;[[astronomical unit|AU]]<ref group=note name=apsis/>
| perihelion = 147,098,290&nbsp;km<br> 0.98329134&nbsp;AU<ref group=note name=apsis/>
| semimajor = 149,598,261&nbsp;km<br> 1.00000261&nbsp;AU<ref name=standish_williams_iau/>
| eccentricity = 0.01671123<ref name=standish_williams_iau/>
| inclination = 7.155° to [[Sun]]'s [[equator]]<br>1.57869°<ref name=Allen294/> to [[invariable plane]]
| asc_node = 348.73936°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><ref group=note name=asc_node/>
| arg_peri = 114.20783°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><ref group=note name=arg_peri/>
| mean_anomaly = 357.51716°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| period = 365.256363004&nbsp;days<ref name="IERS"/><br>1.000017421&nbsp;[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]
| avg_speed = 29.78&nbsp;km/s<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><br>107,200&nbsp;km/h
| satellites = 1 natural&nbsp;(the [[Moon]])
<br /> 8,300+ artificial ({{as of|2001|3|1|lc=on}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=4008|title=Reentry Assessment - US Space Command Fact Sheet|author=[[US Space Command]]|date=March 1, 2001|publisher=SpaceRef Interactive|accessdate=2011-05-07}}</ref>
| physical_characteristics = yes
| flattening = 0.0033528<ref name=iers/>
| equatorial_radius = 6,378.1&nbsp;km<ref name=usno/><ref name="WGS-84"/>
| polar_radius = 6,356.8&nbsp;km<ref name=cazenave_ahrens1995/>
| mean_radius = 6,371.0&nbsp;km<ref name=hbcp2000/>
| circumference = 40,075.017&nbsp;km&nbsp;([[equator]]ial)<ref name="WGS-84">[[World Geodetic System]] (''WGS-84''). [http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/ Available online] from [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]].</ref><br>40,007.86&nbsp;km&nbsp;([[meridional]])<ref name="WGS-84-2"/>
| surface_area = 510,072,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><ref name="Pidwirny 2006" /><ref name=cia /><ref group=note name=surfacecover/>
{{nowrap|148,940,000 km<sup>2</sup> land (29.2 %)}}<br>
{{nowrap|361,132,000 km<sup>2</sup> water (70.8 %)}}
| volume = [[Volume of the Earth|1.08321{{e|12}}]]&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup><ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| mass = 5.9736{{e|24}}&nbsp;kg<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| density = 5.515&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| surface_grav = [[Earth's gravity|9.780327]] [[metre per second squared|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]<ref name="yoder12"/><br>0.99732&nbsp;[[g-force|''g'']]
| escape_velocity = 11.186&nbsp;km/s<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| sidereal_day = 0.99726968&nbsp;d<ref name=Allen296 /> <br>23{{smallsup|h}}&nbsp;56{{smallsup|m}}&nbsp;4.100{{smallsup|s}}
| rot_velocity = {{convert|1674.4|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Cox2000"/>
| axial_tilt = 23°26'21".4119<ref name="IERS"/>
| albedo = 0.367 ([[Geometric albedo|geometric]])<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><br/>
0.306 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| atmosphere = yes
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]]
| min_temp_1 = 184&nbsp;K<ref name=asu_lowest_temp/>
| mean_temp_1 = 287.2&nbsp;K<ref name=kinver20091210/>
| max_temp_1 = 331&nbsp;K<ref name=asu_highest_temp/>
| temp_name2 = [[Celsius]]
| min_temp_2 = −89.2&nbsp;°C
| mean_temp_2 = 14&nbsp;°C
| max_temp_2 = 57.8&nbsp;°C
| surface_pressure = [[Atmosphere (unit)|101.325]]&nbsp;[[Pascal (unit)|kPa]] ([[Sea level|MSL]])
| atmosphere_composition = 78.08%&nbsp;[[nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>)<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/> (dry air)<br> 20.95%&nbsp;[[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>)<br> 0.93%&nbsp;[[argon]]<br> 0.038%&nbsp;[[carbon dioxide]]<br>About 1% [[water vapor]] (varies with [[climate]])
|note = no
}}
}}
{{-}}


== Lysithea ==
== Lysithea ==


{{Testcase table
{{ testcases side by side
| {{Infobox Planet
|name = Lysithea
|name = Lysithea
|background = #ffc0c0
|background = #ffc0c0
|discoverer = [[Seth Barnes Nicholson|S. B. Nicholson]]
|discoverer = [[Seth Barnes Nicholson|S. B. Nicholson]]
|discovered = July 6, 1938<ref name="Nicholson 1938"/>
|discovered = July 6, 1938<ref name="Nicholson 1938">{{cite journal |last=Nicholson |first=S.B. |title=Two New Satellites of Jupiter |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |year=1938 |volume=50 |pages=292–293 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0050//0000292.000.html |doi=10.1086/124963 |bibcode=1938PASP...50..292N}}</ref>
|adjectives = Lysithean
|adjectives = Lysithean
|mean_orbit_radius = 11,720,000 km<ref name="Jacobson 2000">{{cite journal |last=Jacobson |first=R.A. |title=The orbits of outer Jovian satellites |journal=Astronomical Journal |year=2000 |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=2679–2686 |doi=10.1086/316817 |bibcode=2000AJ....120.2679J}}</ref>
|mean_orbit_radius = 11,720,000 km<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|eccentricity = 0.11<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|eccentricity = 0.11<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|period = 259.20 d (0.69 [[Year|a]])<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|period = 259.20 d (0.69 [[Year|a]])<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|avg_speed = 3.29 km/s
|avg_speed = 3.29 km/s
|inclination = {{nowrap|28.30° (to the [[ecliptic]])}}<br/>25.77° (to Jupiter's equator)<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|inclination = {{nowrap|28.30° (to the [[ecliptic]])}}<br/>25.77° (to Jupiter's equator)<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
| distance_from_sun = ''distance''
| observation_arc_length = 3 days
|satellite_of = [[Jupiter]]
|satellite_of = [[Jupiter]]
|mean_radius = 18 km<ref name=jplssd>{{cite web
|mean_radius = 18 km<ref name=jplssd>{{cite web
Line 325: Line 319:
|single_temperature = ~124 K
|single_temperature = ~124 K
}}
}}
| {{Infobox Planet/sandbox
|name = Lysithea
|background = #ffc0c0
|discoverer = [[Seth Barnes Nicholson|S. B. Nicholson]]
|discovered = July 6, 1938<ref name="Nicholson 1938">{{cite journal |last=Nicholson |first=S.B. |title=Two New Satellites of Jupiter |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |year=1938 |volume=50 |pages=292–293 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0050//0000292.000.html |doi=10.1086/124963 |bibcode=1938PASP...50..292N}}</ref>
|adjectives = Lysithean
|mean_orbit_radius = 11,720,000 km<ref name="Jacobson 2000">{{cite journal |last=Jacobson |first=R.A. |title=The orbits of outer Jovian satellites |journal=Astronomical Journal |year=2000 |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=2679–2686 |doi=10.1086/316817 |bibcode=2000AJ....120.2679J}}</ref>
|eccentricity = 0.11<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|period = 259.20 d (0.69 [[Year|a]])<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|avg_speed = 3.29 km/s
|inclination = {{nowrap|28.30° (to the [[ecliptic]])}}<br/>25.77° (to Jupiter's equator)<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/>
|satellite_of = [[Jupiter]]
|mean_radius = 18 km<ref name=jplssd>{{cite web
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par
|publisher=[[JPL]] (Solar System Dynamics)
|title=Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters
|date=2008-10-24
|accessdate=2008-12-12}}</ref>
|surface_area = ~4100 km²
|volume = ~24,400 km³
|mass = 6.3{{e|16}} [[Kilogram|kg]]
|density = 2.6 g/cm³ (assumed)<ref name=jplssd/>
|surface_grav = ~0.013 [[Acceleration|m/s<sup>2</sup>]] (0.001 g)
|escape_velocity = ~0.022 km/s
|albedo = 0.04 (assumed)<ref name=jplssd/>
|single_temperature = ~124 K
}}
}}
{{-}}


== The Moon ==
== The Moon ==


{{Testcase table
{{ testcases side by side
| {{Infobox planet
| name = The Moon
| name = The Moon
| apsis = gee
| apsis = gee
| symbol = [[File:Moon symbol decrescent.svg|19px|Moon symbol]]
| symbol = [[File:Moon decrescent symbol (bold).svg|20px|☾]]
| image = FullMoon2010.jpg
| image = [[File:FullMoon2010.jpg|280px|alt=Full moon in the darkness of the night sky. It is patterned with a mix of light-tone regions and darker, irregular blotches, and scattered with varying sizes of impact craters, circles surrounded by out-thrown rays of bright ejecta.|Full moon]]
| image_upright = 1.25
| image_alt = Full moon in the darkness of the night sky. It is patterned with a mix of light-tone regions and darker, irregular blotches, and scattered with varying sizes of impact craters, circles surrounded by out-thrown rays of bright ejecta.
| caption = [[Full moon]] as seen from [[Earth]]'s northern hemisphere
| caption = [[Full moon]] as seen from [[Earth]]'s northern hemisphere
| periapsis = 362,570&nbsp;km (0.0024&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]]) <br /> (356,400–370,400&nbsp;km)
| periapsis = 362,570&nbsp;km (0.0024&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]]) <br /> (356,400–370,400&nbsp;km)
| apoapsis = 405,410&nbsp;km (0.0027&nbsp;AU) <br /> (404,000–406,700&nbsp;km)
| apoapsis = 405,410&nbsp;km (0.0027&nbsp;AU) <br /> (404,000–406,700&nbsp;km)
| semimajor = 384,399&nbsp;km ({{val|0.00257|u=AU}})<ref name="W06" />
| semimajor = 384,399&nbsp;km ({{val|0.00257|u=AU}})
| observation_arc_length = 3 days
| eccentricity = {{val|0.0549}}<ref name="W06" />
| eccentricity = {{val|0.0549}}
| period = {{val|27.321582|ul=d}} {{nowrap|(27 d 7 h 43.1 min<ref name="W06" />)}}
| period = {{val|27.321582|ul=d}} {{nowrap|(27 d 7 h 43.1 min)}}
| synodic_period = {{val|29.530589|u=d}} {{nowrap|(29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s)}}
| synodic_period = {{val|29.530589|u=d}} {{nowrap|(29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s)}}
| avg_speed = 1.022&nbsp;[[kilometre per second|km/s]]
| avg_speed = 1.022&nbsp;[[kilometre per second|km/s]]
| inclination = 5.145° to the [[ecliptic]]<ref name="Lang2011" /> (between 18.29° and 28.58° to Earth's [[equator]])<ref name="W06" /><!--Wieczorek et al. 2006; 18.29° when the longitude of the Moon's ascending node is 180°, 28.58° when it is 0°-->
| inclination = 5.145° to the [[ecliptic]] (between 18.29° and 28.58° to Earth's [[equator]])<!--Wieczorek et al. 2006; 18.29° when the longitude of the Moon's ascending node is 180°, 28.58° when it is 0°-->
| asc_node = regressing by one [[Orbital revolution|revolution]] in 18.6&nbsp;years
| asc_node = regressing by one [[Orbital revolution|revolution]] in 18.6&nbsp;years
| arg_peri = progressing by one revolution in 8.85&nbsp;years
| arg_peri = progressing by one revolution in 8.85&nbsp;years
| satellite_of = [[Earth]]
| satellite_of = [[Earth]]
| flattening = {{val|0.00125}}<!--Calculated from data below-->
| flattening = {{val|0.00125}}<!--Calculated from data below-->
| equatorial_radius = 1,738.14&nbsp;km (0.273&nbsp;Earths)<ref name="NSSDC" />
| equatorial_radius = 1,738.14&nbsp;km (0.273&nbsp;Earths)
| polar_radius = {{nowrap|1,735.97&nbsp;km&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.273 Earths)}}<ref name="NSSDC" />
| polar_radius = {{nowrap|1,735.97&nbsp;km&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.273 Earths)}}
| mean_radius = {{nowrap|1,737.10&nbsp;km&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.273 Earths)}}<ref name="W06" /><ref name="NSSDC" />
| mean_radius = {{nowrap|1,737.10&nbsp;km&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.273 Earths)}}
| circumference = {{nowrap|10,921 km}} ([[equator]]ial)
| circumference = {{nowrap|10,921 km}} ([[equator]]ial)
| surface_area = {{nowrap|3.793{{esp|7}} km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.074 Earths)}}
| surface_area = {{nowrap|3.793{{e-sp|7}} km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.074 Earths)}}
| volume = {{nowrap|2.1958{{esp|10}} km<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.020 Earths)}}
| volume = {{nowrap|2.1958{{e-sp|10}} km<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.020 Earths)}}
| mass = {{nowrap|7.3477{{esp|22}} kg&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.0123 Earths<ref name="W06" />)}}
| mass = {{nowrap|7.3477{{e-sp|22}} kg&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.0123 Earths)}}
| density = {{nowrap|3.3464 [[Gram per cubic centimeter|g/cm<sup>3</sup>]]<ref name="W06" />}}
| density = {{nowrap|3.3464 [[Gram per cubic centimeter|g/cm<sup>3</sup>]]}}
| surface_grav = {{nowrap|1.622 [[Metre per second squared|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]}} {{nowrap|(0.165 4 [[G-force|g]])}}
| surface_grav = {{nowrap|1.622 [[Metre per second squared|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]}} {{nowrap|(0.165 4 [[G-force|g]])}}
| escape_velocity = {{nowrap|2.38 k[[Metre per second|m/s]]}}
| escape_velocity = {{nowrap|2.38 k[[Metre per second|m/s]]}}
Line 389: Line 356:
<!-- Wieczorek et al. 2006 -->
<!-- Wieczorek et al. 2006 -->
| rot_velocity = {{nowrap|4.627 m/s}}
| rot_velocity = {{nowrap|4.627 m/s}}
| axial_tilt = 1.5424° (to [[ecliptic]])<!-- 1.533° according to Conn 2007 --> <br /> 6.687° (to [[Orbital plane (astronomy)|orbit plane]])<ref name="Lang2011" /><!-- 6.4° according to<ref name="Grego2005">Grego, Peter, [http://books.google.ca/books?id=z6Pgt9xEW9gC&pg=PA48 ''The Moon and How to Observe It''], Springer, 2005</ref> 6.6783° according to<ref name="Conn2007">Conn, David (2007); ''Lednorf's Dilemma'', AuthorHouse, Bloomington (IN)</ref>-->
| axial_tilt = 1.5424° (to [[ecliptic]])<!-- 1.533° according to Conn 2007 --> <br /> 6.687° (to [[Orbital plane (astronomy)|orbit plane]])<!-- 6.4° according to<ref name="Grego2005">Grego, Peter, [http://books.google.ca/books?id=z6Pgt9xEW9gC&pg=PA48 ''The Moon and How to Observe It''], Springer, 2005</ref> 6.6783° according to<ref name="Conn2007">Conn, David (2007); ''Lednorf's Dilemma'', AuthorHouse, Bloomington (IN)</ref>-->
| albedo = 0.136<ref name="Saari" />
| albedo = 0.136
| magnitude = −2.5 to −12.9{{efn|name=maxval}} <br /> −12.74 (mean [[full moon]])<ref name="NSSDC" />
| magnitude = −2.5 to −12.9 <br /> −12.74 (mean [[full moon]])
| angular_size = 29.3 to 34.1 [[Minute of arc|arcminutes]]<ref name="NSSDC" />{{efn|name=angular size}}
| angular_size = 29.3 to 34.1 [[Minute of arc|arcminutes]]
| temp_name1 = equator
| temp_name1 = equator
| min_temp_1 = 100 [[kelvin|K]]
| min_temp_1 = 100 [[kelvin|K]]
| mean_temp_1 = 220 K
| mean_temp_1 = 220 K
| max_temp_1 = 390 K
| max_temp_1 = 390 K
| temp_name2 = 85°N{{lower|0.3em|<ref name="Vasavada1999" />}}
| temp_name2 = 85°N{{lower|0.3em|}}
| min_temp_2 = 70 K
| min_temp_2 = 70 K
| mean_temp_2 = 130 K
| mean_temp_2 = 130 K
| max_temp_2 = 230 K
| max_temp_2 = 230 K
| surface_absorbed_dose_rate = 13.2 μGy/h
| atmosphere_ref =<ref name="L06" />{{efn|name=pressure explanation}}
| surface_equivalent_dose_rate = {{convert |1.369 |mSv/d |μSv/h |disp=out}}
| atmosphere_ref =
| surface_pressure = 10<sup>−7</sup> [[Pascal (unit)|Pa]] (day) <br /> 10<sup>−10</sup> Pa (night)
| surface_pressure = 10<sup>−7</sup> [[Pascal (unit)|Pa]] (day) <br /> 10<sup>−10</sup> Pa (night)
| atmosphere_composition = [[Argon|Ar]], [[Helium|He]], [[Sodium|Na]], [[Potassium|K]], [[Hydrogen|H]], [[Radon|Rn]]
| atmosphere_composition = [[Argon|Ar]], [[Helium|He]], [[Sodium|Na]], [[Potassium|K]], [[Hydrogen|H]], [[Radon|Rn]]
| distance_from_sun = ''distance''
| atmosphere = yes
| atmosphere = yes
| adjectives = [[wikt:lunar|lunar]], [[wikt:selenic|selenic]]
| adjectives = [[wikt:lunar|lunar]], [[wikt:selenic|selenic]]
}}
}}
| {{Infobox planet/sandbox
| name = The Moon
| apsis = gee
| symbol = [[File:Moon symbol decrescent.svg|19px|Moon symbol]]
| image = [[File:FullMoon2010.jpg|280px|alt=Full moon in the darkness of the night sky. It is patterned with a mix of light-tone regions and darker, irregular blotches, and scattered with varying sizes of impact craters, circles surrounded by out-thrown rays of bright ejecta.|Full moon]]
| caption = [[Full moon]] as seen from [[Earth]]'s northern hemisphere
| periapsis = 362,570&nbsp;km (0.0024&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]]) <br /> (356,400–370,400&nbsp;km)
| apoapsis = 405,410&nbsp;km (0.0027&nbsp;AU) <br /> (404,000–406,700&nbsp;km)
| semimajor = 384,399&nbsp;km ({{val|0.00257|u=AU}})<ref name="W06" />
| eccentricity = {{val|0.0549}}<ref name="W06" />
| period = {{val|27.321582|ul=d}} {{nowrap|(27 d 7 h 43.1 min<ref name="W06" />)}}
| synodic_period = {{val|29.530589|u=d}} {{nowrap|(29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s)}}
| avg_speed = 1.022&nbsp;[[kilometre per second|km/s]]
| inclination = 5.145° to the [[ecliptic]]<ref name="Lang2011" /> (between 18.29° and 28.58° to Earth's [[equator]])<ref name="W06" /><!--Wieczorek et al. 2006; 18.29° when the longitude of the Moon's ascending node is 180°, 28.58° when it is 0°-->
| asc_node = regressing by one [[Orbital revolution|revolution]] in 18.6&nbsp;years
| arg_peri = progressing by one revolution in 8.85&nbsp;years
| satellite_of = [[Earth]]
| flattening = {{val|0.00125}}<!--Calculated from data below-->
| equatorial_radius = 1,738.14&nbsp;km (0.273&nbsp;Earths)<ref name="NSSDC" />
| polar_radius = {{nowrap|1,735.97&nbsp;km&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.273 Earths)}}<ref name="NSSDC" />
| mean_radius = {{nowrap|1,737.10&nbsp;km&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.273 Earths)}}<ref name="W06" /><ref name="NSSDC" />
| circumference = {{nowrap|10,921 km}} ([[equator]]ial)
| surface_area = {{nowrap|3.793{{esp|7}} km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.074 Earths)}}
| volume = {{nowrap|2.1958{{esp|10}} km<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.020 Earths)}}
| mass = {{nowrap|7.3477{{esp|22}} kg&nbsp;}} {{nowrap|(0.0123 Earths<ref name="W06" />)}}
| density = {{nowrap|3.3464 [[Gram per cubic centimeter|g/cm<sup>3</sup>]]<ref name="W06" />}}
| surface_grav = {{nowrap|1.622 [[Metre per second squared|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]}} {{nowrap|(0.165 4 [[G-force|g]])}}
| escape_velocity = {{nowrap|2.38 k[[Metre per second|m/s]]}}
| sidereal_day = {{nowrap|27.321582 [[Day|d]]}} ([[Synchronous rotation|synchronous]])
<!-- Wieczorek et al. 2006 -->
| rot_velocity = {{nowrap|4.627 m/s}}
| axial_tilt = 1.5424° (to [[ecliptic]])<!-- 1.533° according to Conn 2007 --> <br /> 6.687° (to [[Orbital plane (astronomy)|orbit plane]])<ref name="Lang2011" /><!-- 6.4° according to<ref name="Grego2005">Grego, Peter, [http://books.google.ca/books?id=z6Pgt9xEW9gC&pg=PA48 ''The Moon and How to Observe It''], Springer, 2005</ref> 6.6783° according to<ref name="Conn2007">Conn, David (2007); ''Lednorf's Dilemma'', AuthorHouse, Bloomington (IN)</ref>-->
| albedo = 0.136<ref name="Saari" />
| magnitude = −2.5 to −12.9{{efn|name=maxval}} <br /> −12.74 (mean [[full moon]])<ref name="NSSDC" />
| angular_size = 29.3 to 34.1 [[Minute of arc|arcminutes]]<ref name="NSSDC" />{{efn|name=angular size}}
| temp_name1 = equator
| min_temp_1 = 100 [[kelvin|K]]
| mean_temp_1 = 220 K
| max_temp_1 = 390 K
| temp_name2 = 85°N{{lower|0.3em|<ref name="Vasavada1999" />}}
| min_temp_2 = 70 K
| mean_temp_2 = 130 K
| max_temp_2 = 230 K
| atmosphere_ref =<ref name="L06" />{{efn|name=pressure explanation}}
| surface_pressure = 10<sup>−7</sup> [[Pascal (unit)|Pa]] (day) <br /> 10<sup>−10</sup> Pa (night)
| atmosphere_composition = [[Argon|Ar]], [[Helium|He]], [[Sodium|Na]], [[Potassium|K]], [[Hydrogen|H]], [[Radon|Rn]]
| atmosphere = yes
| adjectives = [[wikt:lunar|lunar]], [[wikt:selenic|selenic]]
}}
}}
{{-}}


== Mercury ==
== Mercury ==


{{Testcase table
{{ testcases side by side
| {{Infobox planet
| name = Mercury
| name = Mercury
| symbol = <span style="font-size: 200%; font-weight: bold;">☿</span>
| symbol = <span style="font-size: 200%; font-weight: bold;">☿</span>
| image = [[File:Mercury in color - Prockter07 centered.jpg|240px|Mercury]]
| image = [[File:Mercury in color - Prockter07 centered.jpg|240px|Mercury]]
| caption = [[MESSENGER]] image of Mercury with three visible colors mapped to 1000 nm, 700 nm, and 430 nm wavelengths
| caption = [[MESSENGER]] image of Mercury with three visible colors mapped to 1000 nm, 700 nm, and 430 nm wavelengths
| orbit_ref = <ref name="horizons" />
| orbit_ref =
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| aphelion =
| aphelion =
Line 484: Line 402:
* 0.387&nbsp;098 AU
* 0.387&nbsp;098 AU
}}
}}
| observation_arc_length = 3 days
| eccentricity = 0.205&nbsp;630<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| eccentricity = 0.205&nbsp;630
| period =
| period =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
Line 491: Line 410:
* 0.5 Mercury [[solar day]]
* 0.5 Mercury [[solar day]]
}}
}}
| synodic_period = 115.88&nbsp;d<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| synodic_period = 115.88&nbsp;d
| avg_speed = 47.87&nbsp;km/s<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| avg_speed = 47.87&nbsp;km/s
| inclination =
| inclination =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
* 7.005° to [[Ecliptic]]
* 7.005° to [[Ecliptic]]
* 3.38° to [[Ecliptic#Ecliptic and planets|Sun’s equator]]
* 3.38° to [[Ecliptic#Ecliptic and planets|Sun’s equator]]
* 6.34° to [[Invariable plane]]<ref name="meanplane" />
* 6.34° to [[Invariable plane]]
}}
}}
| asc_node = 48.331°
| asc_node = 48.331°
Line 507: Line 426:
| mean_radius =
| mean_radius =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
* {{nowrap|2,439.7 ± 1.0&nbsp;km}}<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="Seidelmann2007" />
* {{nowrap|2,439.7 ± 1.0&nbsp;km}}
* 0.3829 Earths
* 0.3829 Earths
}}
}}
| flattening = 0<ref name="Seidelmann2007" />
| flattening = 0
| surface_area =
| surface_area =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
* 7.48{{e|7}}&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><ref name="nasa" />
* 7.48{{e|7}}&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
* 0.147 Earths
* 0.147 Earths
}}
}}
| volume =
| volume =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
* 6.083{{e|10}}&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup><ref name="nasa" />
* 6.083{{e|10}}&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup>
* 0.056 Earths
* 0.056 Earths
}}
}}
| mass =
| mass =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
* 3.3022{{e|23}}&nbsp;kg<ref name="nasa" />
* 3.3022{{e|23}}&nbsp;kg
* 0.055 Earths
* 0.055 Earths
}}
}}
| density = 5.427&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="nasa" />
| density = 5.427&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| surface_grav =
| surface_grav =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
* 3.7&nbsp;[[Acceleration|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]
* 3.7&nbsp;[[Acceleration|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]
* 0.38 [[g-force|g]]<ref name="nasa" />
* 0.38 [[g-force|g]]
}}
}}
| escape_velocity = 4.25&nbsp;km/s<ref name="nasa" />
| escape_velocity = 4.25&nbsp;km/s
| distance_from_sun = ''distance''
| sidereal_day =
| sidereal_day =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
* 58.646&nbsp;day
* 58.646&nbsp;day
* 1407.5&nbsp;[[hour|h]]<ref name="nasa" />
* 1407.5&nbsp;[[hour|h]]
}}
}}
| rot_velocity = {{convert|10.892|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}}
| rot_velocity = {{convert|10.892|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}}
| axial_tilt = {{nowrap|2.11′ ± 0.1′}}<ref name="Margot2007" />
| axial_tilt = {{nowrap|2.11′ ± 0.1′}}
| right_asc_north_pole =
| right_asc_north_pole =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
* 18 h 44 min 2 s
* 18 h 44 min 2 s
* 281.01°<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
* 281.01°
}}
}}
| declination = 61.45°<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| declination = 61.45°
| albedo =
| albedo =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
* 0.068 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])<ref name="MallamaMercury" />
* 0.068 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])
* 0.142 ([[Geometric albedo|geom.]])<ref name="MallamaMercury" />
* 0.142 ([[Geometric albedo|geom.]])
}}
}}
| magnitude = −2.6<ref Name="MallamaSky" /> to 5.7<ref name="nssdcMercury" /><ref name="ephemeris" />
| magnitude = −2.6 to 5.7
| angular_size = 4.5" – 13"<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| angular_size = 4.5" – 13"
| temperatures = yes
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = 0°N, 0°W <ref name=vasa>{{cite journal | title = Near-Surface Temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits | first1 = Ashwin R. | last1= Vasavada | first2= David A. | last2= Paige | first3= Stephen E. | last3= Wood |date= 19 February 1999 | url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/classes/ge151/references/vasavada_et_al_1999.pdf | journal= Icarus | volume=141 |pages = 179–193 | id= Figure 3 with the "TWO model"; Figure 5 for pole |bibcode = 1999Icar..141..179V |doi = 10.1006/icar.1999.6175 }}</ref>
| temp_name1 = 0°N, 0°W <ref name=vasa>{{cite journal | title = Near-Surface Temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits | first1 = Ashwin R. | last1= Vasavada | first2= David A. | last2= Paige | first3= Stephen E. | last3= Wood |date= 19 February 1999 | url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/classes/ge151/references/vasavada_et_al_1999.pdf | journal= Icarus | volume=141 |pages = 179–193 | id= Figure 3 with the "TWO model"; Figure 5 for pole |bibcode = 1999Icar..141..179V |doi = 10.1006/icar.1999.6175 }}</ref>
Line 564: Line 484:
<!---| temp_name3 = 90°N<ref name=vasa/> |min_temp3=180K |mean_temp3=180K | max_temp_3 = 180 K (-93 °C) -->
<!---| temp_name3 = 90°N<ref name=vasa/> |min_temp3=180K |mean_temp3=180K | max_temp_3 = 180 K (-93 °C) -->
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Mercury.ogg|ˈ|m|ɜr|k|j|ə|r|i}}
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Mercury.ogg|ˈ|m|ɜr|k|j|ə|r|i}}
| adjectives = Mercurian, Mercurial<ref name="webster" />
| adjectives = Mercurian, Mercurial
| atmosphere = yes
| atmosphere = yes
| surface_pressure = trace
| surface_pressure = trace
| atmosphere_ref=<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| atmosphere_ref=
| atmosphere_composition =
| atmosphere_composition =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
Line 578: Line 498:
}}
}}
}}
}}

| {{Infobox planet/sandbox
== Uranus ==
| name = Mercury

| symbol = <span style="font-size: 200%; font-weight: bold;">☿</span>
{{Testcase table
| image = [[File:Mercury in color - Prockter07 centered.jpg|240px|Mercury]]
| name = [[Uranus]]
| caption = [[MESSENGER]] image of Mercury with three visible colors mapped to 1000 nm, 700 nm, and 430 nm wavelengths
| symbol = {{nowrap|[[File:Uranus symbol (bold).svg|24px|⛢]] ([[File:Uranus monogram (bold).svg|24px|♅]])}}
| orbit_ref = <ref name="horizons" />
| image = Uranus as seen by NASA's Voyager 2 (remastered) - JPEG converted.jpg
| caption = Photograph of Uranus in [[False color#True color|true colour]]<br>(by ''[[Voyager&nbsp;2]]'' in 1986)
| background = #f8f9fa
| discoverer = [[William Herschel]]
| discovered = {{#time:j F Y|{{#property:P575}}}}
| orbit_ref =
{{efn | These are the mean elements from VSOP87, together with derived quantities.}}
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| aphelion = {{convert|3006.39|Gm|AU|lk=on|abbr=on|order=flip|comma=gaps}}
| aphelion =
| perihelion = {{convert|2735.56|Gm|AU|lk=off|abbr=on|order=flip|comma=gaps}}
{{plainlist |
| time_periastron = 17–19 August 2050<ref >Jean Meeus, ''Astronomical Algorithms'' (Richmond, Virginia: Willmann-Bell, 1998) p271. Bretagnon's complete VSOP87 model. It gives the 17th @ 18.283075301au. http://vo.imcce.fr/webservices/miriade/?forms {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907050257/http://vo.imcce.fr/webservices/miriade/?forms |date=7 September 2021 }} IMCCE Observatoire de Paris / CNRS Calculated for a series of dates, five or ten days apart, in August 2050, using an interpolation formula from ''Astronomical Algorithms''. Perihelion came very early on the 17th. INPOP planetary theory</ref><ref name=horizons-perihelion>{{Cite web|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%27799%27&START_TIME=%272050-08-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272050-08-30%27&STEP_SIZE=%273%20hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27|title=HORIZONS Planet-center Batch call for August 2050 Perihelion|website=ssd.jpl.nasa.gov|type=Perihelion for Uranus planet-center (799) occurs on 2050-Aug-19 at 18.28307512au during a rdot flip from negative to positive|publisher=NASA/JPL|access-date=2021-09-07|archive-date=7 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907215700/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%27799%27&START_TIME=%272050-08-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272050-08-30%27&STEP_SIZE=%273%20hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 69,816,900 km
| semimajor = {{convert|2870.972|Gm|AU|lk=off|abbr=on|order=flip|comma=gaps}}
* 0.466&nbsp;697 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| eccentricity = {{val|0.04717}}
}}
| perihelion =
{{plainlist |
* 46,001,200 km
* 0.307&nbsp;499 AU
}}
| semimajor =
{{plainlist |
* 57,909,100 km
* 0.387&nbsp;098 AU
}}
| eccentricity = 0.205&nbsp;630<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| period =
| period =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
* {{val|84.0205|u=[[julian year (astronomy)|yr]]}}
* 87.969&nbsp;1 [[day|d]]
* {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|30688.5|u=days}}}}
* (0.240&nbsp;846 [[julian year (astronomy)|a]])
* 0.5 Mercury [[solar day]]
* {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|42718}}}} Uranian [[solar day]]s
}}
}}
| synodic_period = 115.88&nbsp;d<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| synodic_period = 369.66&nbsp;days
| avg_speed = 47.87&nbsp;km/s<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| avg_speed = 6.80&nbsp;km/s
| inclination = {{ubl|{{val|0.773|u=°}} to [[ecliptic]]|6.48° to [[Sun]]'s [[equator]]|0.99° to [[invariable plane]]}}
| inclination =
| asc_node = {{val|74.006|u=°}}
{{plainlist |
| arg_peri = {{val|96.998857|u=°}}
* 7.005° to [[Ecliptic]]
| mean_anomaly = {{val|142.238600|u=°}}
* 3.38° to [[Ecliptic#Ecliptic and planets|Sun’s equator]]
| satellites = [[Moons of Uranus|27]]
* 6.34° to [[Invariable plane]]<ref name="meanplane" />
| flattening = {{val|0.0229|0.0008}}{{efn | Calculated using data from Seidelmann, 2007. }}
}}
| equatorial_radius = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|25559|4|u=km}}}}<br />4.007&nbsp;Earths
| asc_node = 48.331°
| polar_radius = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|24973|20|u=km}}}}<br />3.929&nbsp;Earths
| arg_peri = 29.124°
| mean_radius = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|25362|7|u=km}}}}
| mean_anomaly = 174.796°
| circumference = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|159354.1|u=km}}}}
| satellites = None
| surface_area = {{val|8.1156|e=9|u=km2}} <br /> 15.91&nbsp;Earths
| physical_characteristics = yes
| volume = {{val|6.833|e=13|u=km3}} <br /> 63.086&nbsp;Earths
| diameter = 4,880 km
| mass = {{val|8.6810|0.0013|e=25|u=kg}} <br /> 14.536&nbsp;Earths <br />
| mean_radius =
[[standard gravitational parameter|GM]]={{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|5793939|13|u=km<sup>3</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>}}}}
{{plainlist |
| density = {{val|1.27|u=g/cm3}}
* {{nowrap|2,439.7 ± 1.0&nbsp;km}}<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="Seidelmann2007" />
| surface_grav = {{val|8.69|ul=m/s2}}<br />0.886&nbsp;[[g-force|g]]
* 0.3829 Earths
| moment_of_inertia_factor = {{val|0.23|}}<ref name="PS15">{{cite book |last2=Lissauer |first2=Jack J. |last1=de Pater |first1=Imke |author-link1=Imke de Pater |title=Planetary Sciences |date=2015 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stFpBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 |page=250 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0521853712 |edition=2nd updated |access-date=17 August 2016 |archive-date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126120848/https://books.google.com/books?id=stFpBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 |url-status=live }}</ref> (estimate)
}}
| escape_velocity = 21.3&nbsp;km/s
| flattening = 0<ref name="Seidelmann2007" />
| rotation = {{val|−0.71832|u=days}}<br/>−17 h 14 m 23 s<br/>([[retrograde motion|retrograde]])
| surface_area =
| sidereal_day = {{val|-0.71833|u=day}}<br /> {{nowrap|−17 h 14 min 24 s}}<br/>(retrograde)
{{plainlist |
| rot_velocity = 2.59&nbsp;km/s <br /> 9,320&nbsp;km/h
* 7.48{{e|7}}&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><ref name="nasa" />
| axial_tilt = 97.77° (to orbit)
* 0.147 Earths
| right_asc_north_pole = {{RA|17|9|15}}<br />257.311°
}}
| declination = −15.175°
| volume =
| albedo = 0.300 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])<br />0.488 ([[Geometric albedo|geom.]])| magnitude =5.38 to 6.03
{{plainlist |
| angular_size = 3.3″ to 4.1″
* 6.083{{e|10}}&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup><ref name="nasa" />
| temp_name1 = 1&nbsp;[[bar (unit)|bar]] level
* 0.056 Earths
| min_temp_1 =
}}
| mean_temp_1 = {{convert|76|K|C}}
| mass =
| max_temp_1 =
{{plainlist |
| temp_name2 = 0.1&nbsp;bar<br />([[tropopause]])
* 3.3022{{e|23}}&nbsp;kg<ref name="nasa" />
| min_temp_2 = 47&nbsp;K
* 0.055 Earths
| mean_temp_2 = 53&nbsp;K
}}
| max_temp_2 = 57&nbsp;K
| density = 5.427&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="nasa" />
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|audio=uranus.ogg|ˈ|jʊər|ə|n|ə|s}} or {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Uranus.ogg|j|ʊ|ˈ|r|eɪ|n|ə|s}}
| surface_grav =
| adjectives = Uranian ({{IPAc-en|j|ʊ|ˈ|r|eɪ|n|i|ə|n}})<ref>{{OED|Uranian}}</ref>
{{plainlist |
| named_after = the Latin form ''Ūranus'' of the Greek god [[Uranus (mythology)|Οὐρανός]] ''Ouranos''
* 3.7&nbsp;[[Acceleration|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]
* 0.38 [[g-force|g]]<ref name="nasa" />
}}
| escape_velocity = 4.25&nbsp;km/s<ref name="nasa" />
| sidereal_day =
{{plainlist |
* 58.646&nbsp;day
* 1407.5&nbsp;[[hour|h]]<ref name="nasa" />
}}
| rot_velocity = {{convert|10.892|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}}
| axial_tilt = {{nowrap|2.11′ ± 0.1′}}<ref name="Margot2007" />
| right_asc_north_pole =
{{plainlist |
* 18 h 44 min 2 s
* 281.01°<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
}}
| declination = 61.45°<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| albedo =
{{plainlist |
* 0.068 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])<ref name="MallamaMercury" />
* 0.142 ([[Geometric albedo|geom.]])<ref name="MallamaMercury" />
}}
| magnitude = −2.6<ref Name="MallamaSky" /> to 5.7<ref name="nssdcMercury" /><ref name="ephemeris" />
| angular_size = 4.5" – 13"<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = 0°N, 0°W <ref name=vasa>{{cite journal | title = Near-Surface Temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits | first1 = Ashwin R. | last1= Vasavada | first2= David A. | last2= Paige | first3= Stephen E. | last3= Wood |date= 19 February 1999 | url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/classes/ge151/references/vasavada_et_al_1999.pdf | journal= Icarus | volume=141 |pages = 179–193 | id= Figure 3 with the "TWO model"; Figure 5 for pole |bibcode = 1999Icar..141..179V |doi = 10.1006/icar.1999.6175 }}</ref>
| min_temp_1 = 100 K <!-- (-173 °C) -->
| mean_temp_1 = 340 K <!-- (67 °C) -->
| max_temp_1 = 700 K <!-- (427 °C) -->
| temp_name2 = 85°N, 0°W<ref name=vasa/>
| min_temp_2 = 80 K <!-- (-193 °C) -->
| mean_temp_2 = 200 K <!-- (-73 °C) -->
| max_temp_2 = 380 K <!-- (106.85 °C) -->
<!---| temp_name3 = 90°N<ref name=vasa/> |min_temp3=180K |mean_temp3=180K | max_temp_3 = 180 K (-93 °C) -->
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Mercury.ogg|ˈ|m|ɜr|k|j|ə|r|i}}
| adjectives = Mercurian, Mercurial<ref name="webster" />
| atmosphere = yes
| atmosphere = yes
| atmosphere_ref =
| surface_pressure = trace
{{efn | Calculation of He, H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> molar fractions is based on a 2.3% mixing ratio of methane to hydrogen and the 15/85 He/H<sub>2</sub> proportions measured at the tropopause. }}
| atmosphere_ref=<ref name="nssdcMercury" />
| scale_height = 27.7&nbsp;km
| atmosphere_composition =
| atmosphere_composition = ''(Below 1.3 bar)''<br />
{{plainlist |
'''Gases''':
* 42% Molecular [[oxygen]]
* 83&nbsp;±&nbsp;3% [[hydrogen]] ({{chem2|H2}})
* 29.0% [[sodium]]
* 22.0% [[hydrogen]]
* 15&nbsp;±&nbsp;3% [[helium]] (He)
* 6.0% [[helium]]
* 2.3% [[methane]] ({{chem2|CH4}})
* 0.009%&nbsp;(0.007–0.015%) [[hydrogen deuteride]] (HD)
* 0.5% [[potassium]]
* [[hydrogen sulfide|hydrogen sulphide]] ({{chem2|H2S}})<ref>{{cite journal |title=Detection of hydrogen sulfide above the clouds in Uranus's atmosphere |journal=Nature Astronomy |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=420–427 |first1=Patrick G. J. |last1=Irwin |first2=Daniel |last2=Toledo |first3=Ryan |last3=Garland |first4=Nicholas A. |last4=Teanby |first5=Leigh N. |last5=Fletcher |first6=Glenn A. |last6=Orton |first7=Bruno |last7=Bézard |display-authors=1 |date=23 April 2018 |doi=10.1038/s41550-018-0432-1 |bibcode=2018NatAs...2..420I |hdl=2381/42547 |s2cid=102775371 |url=https://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream/2381/42547/2/uranus_nature9.pdf |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428143940/https://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream/2381/42547/2/uranus_nature9.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Trace amounts of [[argon]], [[nitrogen]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[Water|water vapor]], [[xenon]], [[krypton]] and [[neon]]
'''Ices''':
}}
* [[ammonia]] ({{chem2|NH3}})
}}
* [[water (molecule)|water]] ({{chem2|H2O}})
* [[ammonium hydrosulfide]] ({{chem2|NH4SH}})
* [[methane hydrate]]
}}
}}
{{-}}


== Miranda ==
== Miranda ==


{{Testcase table
{{ testcases side by side
| {{Infobox planet
| name = Miranda
| name = Miranda
| alt_names = Uranus V
| alt_names = Uranus V
| adjectives = Mirandan, Mirandian
| adjectives = Mirandan, Mirandian
| image = [[File:Miranda.jpg|200px|Miranda]]
| image = [[File:PIA18185 Miranda's Icy Face.jpg|200px|Miranda]]
| discovery = yes
| discovery = yes
| discoverer = [[Gerard P. Kuiper]]
| discoverer = [[Gerard P. Kuiper]]
| discovered = February 16, 1948
| discovered = February 16, 1948
| semimajor = 129&nbsp;390 km
| semimajor = 129&nbsp;390 km
| distance_from_sun = ''distance''
| eccentricity = 0.0013
| eccentricity = 0.0013
| period = 1.413&nbsp;479 d
| period = 1.413&nbsp;479 d
| inclination = 4.232° (to Uranus's equator)
| inclination = 4.232° (to Uranus's equator)
| observation_arc_length = 3 days
| satellite_of = [[Uranus]]
| satellite_of = [[Uranus]]
| physical_characteristics = yes
| physical_characteristics = yes
| mean_radius = {{nowrap|235.8 ± 0.7 km}} (0.03697 Earths)<ref name="Thomas 1988" />
| mean_radius = {{nowrap|235.8 ± 0.7 km}} (0.03697 Earths)
| dimensions = 480×468.4×465.8 km
| dimensions = 480×468.4×465.8 km
| surface_area = 700&nbsp;000 km<sup>2</sup>
| surface_area = 700&nbsp;000 km<sup>2</sup>
| volume = 54&nbsp;835&nbsp;000 km<sup>3</sup>
| volume = 54&nbsp;835&nbsp;000 km<sup>3</sup>
| mass = {{nowrap|6.59 ± 0.75{{Esp|19}} [[kilogram|kg]]}}<ref name="Jacobson Campbell et al. 1992" />
| mass = {{nowrap|6.59 ± 0.75{{E-sp|19}} [[kilogram|kg]]}}
(1.103{{Esp|–5}} Earths)
(1.103{{E-sp|–5}} Earths)
| density = {{nowrap|1.20 ± 0.15 g/cm<sup>3</sup>}}<ref name="Jacobson Campbell et al. 1992" />
| density = {{nowrap|1.20 ± 0.15 g/cm<sup>3</sup>}}
| surface_grav = {{Gr|0.0659|235.8|3}} [[Acceleration|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]
| surface_grav = {{Gr|0.0659|235.8|3}} [[Acceleration|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]
| escape_velocity = {{V2|0.0659|235.8|3}} km/s
| escape_velocity = {{V2|0.0659|235.8|3}} km/s
Line 727: Line 611:
| albedo = 0.32
| albedo = 0.32
| temperatures = yes
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = solstice<ref name="Hanel Conrath et al. 1986" />
| temp_name1 = solstice
| mean_temp_1 = {{nowrap|~60 [[Kelvin|K]]}}
| mean_temp_1 = {{nowrap|~60 [[Kelvin|K]]}}
| max_temp_1 = {{nowrap|84 ± 1 K}}
| max_temp_1 = {{nowrap|84 ± 1 K}}
Line 734: Line 618:
| magnitude = 15.8<ref name="jplssd" />
| magnitude = 15.8<ref name="jplssd" />
}}
}}
| {{Infobox planet/sandbox
| name = Miranda
| alt_names = Uranus V
| adjectives = Mirandan, Mirandian
| image = [[File:Miranda.jpg|200px|Miranda]]
| discovery = yes
| discoverer = [[Gerard P. Kuiper]]
| discovered = February 16, 1948
| semimajor = 129&nbsp;390 km
| eccentricity = 0.0013
| period = 1.413&nbsp;479 d
| inclination = 4.232° (to Uranus's equator)
| satellite_of = [[Uranus]]
| physical_characteristics = yes
| mean_radius = {{nowrap|235.8 ± 0.7 km}} (0.03697 Earths)<ref name="Thomas 1988" />
| dimensions = 480×468.4×465.8 km
| surface_area = 700&nbsp;000 km<sup>2</sup>
| volume = 54&nbsp;835&nbsp;000 km<sup>3</sup>
| mass = {{nowrap|6.59 ± 0.75{{Esp|19}} [[kilogram|kg]]}}<ref name="Jacobson Campbell et al. 1992" />
(1.103{{Esp|–5}} Earths)
| density = {{nowrap|1.20 ± 0.15 g/cm<sup>3</sup>}}<ref name="Jacobson Campbell et al. 1992" />
| surface_grav = {{Gr|0.0659|235.8|3}} [[Acceleration|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]
| escape_velocity = {{V2|0.0659|235.8|3}} km/s
| rotation = [[Synchronous rotation|synchronous]]
| axial_tilt = 0°
| albedo = 0.32
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = solstice<ref name="Hanel Conrath et al. 1986" />
| mean_temp_1 = {{nowrap|~60 [[Kelvin|K]]}}
| max_temp_1 = {{nowrap|84 ± 1 K}}
| min_temp_1 = ?
| note = no
| magnitude = 15.8<ref name="jplssd" />
}}
}}
{{-}}

== Nereid ==
== Nereid ==


{{Testcase table
{{ testcases side by side
| {{Infobox planet
| name = Nereid
| name = Nereid
| adjectives = Nereidian, Nereidean
| adjectives = Nereidian, Nereidean
| image = [[File:Nereid-Voyager2.jpg|250px|Image of Nereid by Voyager 2]]
| image = [[File:Nereid-Voyager2.jpg|250px|Image of Nereid by Voyager 2]]
| caption = Image of Nereid by [[Voyager 2]]
| caption = Image of Nereid by [[Voyager 2]]
| discoverer = [[Gerard P. Kuiper]]<ref name="Kuiper 1949" />
| discoverer = [[Gerard P. Kuiper]]
| discovered = May 1, 1949
| discovered = May 1, 1949
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| semimajor = 5,513,787 km (0.03685 [[Astronomical unit|AU]])
| semimajor = 5,513,787 km (0.03685 [[Astronomical unit|AU]])
| eccentricity = 0.7507 <ref name="JPL-SSD-Neptune" /><ref name="Jacobson 2009-AJ" />
| eccentricity = 0.7507
| distance_from_sun = ''distance''
| periapsis = 1,372,000 km (0.00917 [[Astronomical unit|AU]])
| periapsis = 1,372,000 km (0.00917 [[Astronomical unit|AU]])
| apoapsis = 9,655,000 km (0.06454 [[Astronomical unit|AU]])
| apoapsis = 9,655,000 km (0.06454 [[Astronomical unit|AU]])
Line 790: Line 637:
| inclination =
| inclination =
{{plainlist |
{{plainlist |
* 7.090° to the local [[Laplace plane]]<ref name="JPL-SSD-Neptune" /><ref name="Jacobson 2009-AJ" />
* 7.090° to the local [[Laplace plane]]
* 32.55° to Neptune's equator
* 32.55° to Neptune's equator
}}
}}
| observation_arc_length = 3 days
| satellite_of = [[Neptune]]
| satellite_of = [[Neptune]]
| mean_radius = {{nowrap|170 ± 25 km}}<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys" />
| mean_radius = {{nowrap|170 ± 25 km}}
| mass = 3.1{{e|19}} [[Kilogram|kg]] (assumed)<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys" />
| mass = 3.1{{e|19}} [[Kilogram|kg]] (assumed)
| density = 1.5 g/cm³ (assumed)<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys" />
| density = 1.5 g/cm³ (assumed)
| rotation = 0.48 d (11 h 31 min)<ref name="GravHolmanKavelaars2003" />
| rotation = 0.48 d (11 h 31 min)
| surface_grav = ~{{Gr|0.031|170|3}} [[Acceleration|m/s²]]{{efn|name=surface gravity}}
| surface_grav = ~{{Gr|0.031|170|3}} [[Acceleration|m/s²]]
| escape_velocity = ~{{V2|0.031|170|3}} km/s{{efn|name=escape velocity}}
| escape_velocity = ~{{V2|0.031|170|3}} km/s
| albedo = 0.155<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys" />
| albedo = 0.155
| single_temperature = ~50 [[Kelvin|K]] mean (estimate)
| single_temperature = ~50 [[Kelvin|K]] mean (estimate)
| note = no
| note = no
}}
}}

| {{Infobox planet/sandbox
== Test conditional designations param ==
| name = Nereid

| adjectives = Nereidian, Nereidean
{{Testcase table
| image = [[File:Nereid-Voyager2.jpg|250px|Image of Nereid by Voyager 2]]
| caption = Image of Nereid by [[Voyager 2]]
| name = 7225 Huntress
| background = #FFFFC0
| discoverer = [[Gerard P. Kuiper]]<ref name="Kuiper 1949" />
| discovered = May 1, 1949
| minorplanet = yes
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jplssd" />
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| semimajor = 5,513,787 km (0.03685 [[Astronomical unit|AU]])
| discoverer = [[E. Bowell]]
| discovered = 22 January 1983
| eccentricity = 0.7507 <ref name="JPL-SSD-Neptune" /><ref name="Jacobson 2009-AJ" />
| discovery_site = [[Anderson Mesa Station of the Lowell Observatory]]
| periapsis = 1,372,000 km (0.00917 [[Astronomical unit|AU]])

| apoapsis = 9,655,000 km (0.06454 [[Astronomical unit|AU]])
|designations = some value**********
| period = 360.1362 [[Day|d]]

| avg_speed = 934 m/s
| mp_category =
| inclination =
| alt_names =
{{plainlist |
<!--
* 7.090° to the local [[Laplace plane]]<ref name="JPL-SSD-Neptune" /><ref name="Jacobson 2009-AJ" />
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]
* 32.55° to Neptune's equator
| alt_names = 1983 BH; 1989 XJ
}}
| mp_name = 7225 Huntress
| satellite_of = [[Neptune]]
| named_after = [[Wesley T. Huntress]]
| mean_radius = {{nowrap|170 ± 25 km}}<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys" />
| adjective = adj.-sg.
| mass = 3.1{{e|19}} [[Kilogram|kg]] (assumed)<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys" />
| adjectives = adj.-pl. (dominates)
| density = 1.5 g/cm³ (assumed)<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys" />
| pronounce = pronounce-sg. (dominates)
| rotation = 0.48 d (11 h 31 min)<ref name="GravHolmanKavelaars2003" />
| pronounced = pronounce-pl.
| surface_grav = ~{{Gr|0.031|170|3}} [[Acceleration|m/s²]]{{efn|name=surface gravity}}
-->
| escape_velocity = ~{{V2|0.031|170|3}} km/s{{efn|name=escape velocity}}

| albedo = 0.155<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys" />
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jplssd" />
| single_temperature = ~50 [[Kelvin|K]] mean (estimate)
| epoch = 27 June 2015 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457200.5)
| note = no
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 54.41 yr (19,872 days)
| aphelion = 2.8176 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 1.8646 AU
| semimajor = 2.3411 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2035
| period = 3.58 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,308.4 days)
| mean_anomaly = 22.044[[degree (angle)|°]]
| inclination = 6.8705°
| asc_node = 275.75°
| arg_peri = 203.60°
| moid = 0.8837 AU
| rotation = 2.43995 [[hour|h]]
| albedo =
| spectral_type = S {{small|([[SMASS]]II)}}
| abs_magnitude = 13.1 mag
}}
}}

}}
{{-}}


{{hidden refs|lower-alpha}}
{{hidden refs|lower-alpha}}

Latest revision as of 11:04, 30 August 2024

baricentric (Jul 2022)

[edit]
See Template_talk:Infobox_planet#edittemplateprotected, 20:10, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
New |barycentric=; (relates to |orbit_ref=)
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
both
Orbital characteristics (barycentric)[1]
Eccentricity0.123
both
Orbital characteristics (barycentric)[1]
Eccentricity0.123
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
bc only
Orbital characteristics (barycentric)
Eccentricity0.123
bc only
Orbital characteristics (barycentric)
Eccentricity0.123
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
orbitref
Orbital characteristics[2]
Eccentricity0.123
orbitref
Orbital characteristics[2]
Eccentricity0.123
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
(no params used)
(no params used)

New parameters proposed by Bellezzasolo

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
99942 Apophis
Animation of Apophis imaged at the Sormano Astronomical Observatory
Discovery
Discovered byRoy A. Tucker
David J. Tholen
Fabrizio Bernardi
Discovery siteKitt Peak
Discovery date19 June 2004
Designations
(99942) Apophis
Named after
Apep
2004 MN4
Aten Aten
NEO, PHA
Orbital characteristics
Epoch 7 December 2007 (JD 2454441.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc3635 days (9.95 yr)
Aphelion1.09851 AU (164.335 Gm)
Perihelion0.74605 AU (111.607 Gm)
0.92228 AU (137.971 Gm)
Eccentricity0.19108
0.89 yr (323.5 d)
30.728 km/s
215.53998°
1.11278°/day
Inclination3.33129°
204.45719°
126.39364°
Earth MOID0.000659446 AU (98,651.7 km; 61,299.3 mi)
Jupiter MOID4.12656 AU (617.325 Gm)
TJupiter6.467
Physical characteristics
Dimensions0.370 km (0.230 mi)
0.185 km (0.115 mi)
Mass6.1×1010 kg (assumed)
Mean density
~3.2 g/cm3[4]
Equatorial surface gravity
0.00027 m/s2 (average)
Equatorial escape velocity
~0.52 km/h[5]
30.4 h (1.27 d)
tumbling:
precession period:
27.38±0.07 h
rotation period:
263±6 h
period of harmonic with strongest lightcurve amplitude:
30.56±0.01 h
0.23
Temperature270 K
Sq
19.7 ± 0.4
99942 Apophis
Animation of Apophis imaged at the Sormano Astronomical Observatory
Discovery
Discovered byRoy A. Tucker
David J. Tholen
Fabrizio Bernardi
Discovery siteKitt Peak
Discovery date19 June 2004
Designations
(99942) Apophis
Named after
Apep
2004 MN4
Aten Aten
NEO, PHA
Orbital characteristics
Epoch 7 December 2007 (JD 2454441.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc3635 days (9.95 yr)
Aphelion1.09851 AU (164.335 Gm)
Perihelion0.74605 AU (111.607 Gm)
0.92228 AU (137.971 Gm)
Eccentricity0.19108
0.89 yr (323.5 d)
30.728 km/s
215.53998°
1.11278°/day
Inclination3.33129°
204.45719°
126.39364°
Earth MOID0.000659446 AU (98,651.7 km; 61,299.3 mi)
Jupiter MOID4.12656 AU (617.325 Gm)
TJupiter6.467
Physical characteristics
Dimensions0.370 km (0.230 mi)
0.185 km (0.115 mi)
Mass6.1×1010 kg (assumed)
Mean density
~3.2 g/cm3[4]
Equatorial surface gravity
0.00027 m/s2 (average)
Equatorial escape velocity
~0.52 km/h[5]
30.4 h (1.27 d)
tumbling:
precession period:
27.38±0.07 h
rotation period:
263±6 h
period of harmonic with strongest lightcurve amplitude:
30.56±0.01 h
0.23
Temperature270 K
Sq
19.7 ± 0.4

67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Greyscale photograph of Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko taken by the Rosetta spacecraft
Discovery
Discovered byKlim Ivanovych Churyumov
Svetlana Ivanovna Gerasimenko
Discovery siteAlma-Ata, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union
Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
Discovery date20 September 1969
Designations
1969 R1, 1969 IV, 1969h, 1975 P1, 1976 VII, 1975i, 1982 VIII, 1982f, 1989 VI, 1988i
Orbital characteristics
Epoch 10 August 2014 (JD 2456879.5)
Aphelion5.6829 AU (850,150,000 km)
Perihelion1.2432 AU (185,980,000 km)
3.4630 AU (518,060,000 km)
Eccentricity0.64102
6.44 yr
303.71°
Inclination7.0405°
50.147°
12.780°
Physical characteristics
DimensionsLarge lobe:
4.1×3.3×1.8 km (2.5×2.1×1.1 mi)
Small lobe:
2.6×2.3×1.8 km (1.6×1.4×1.1 mi)
Volume21.4 km3 (5.1 cu mi)
Mass(1.0±0.1)×1013 kg
Mean density
0.533 ± 0.006 g/cm3 (0.01926 ± 0.00022 lb/cu in)[6]
Equatorial escape velocity
est. 1 m/s (3 ft/s)
12.4043±0.0007 h
52°
North pole right ascension
69.3°
North pole declination
64.1°
0.06
Surface temp. min mean max
Kelvin 180 230
Celsius −93 −43
Fahrenheit −135 −45
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Greyscale photograph of Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko taken by the Rosetta spacecraft
Discovery
Discovered byKlim Ivanovych Churyumov
Svetlana Ivanovna Gerasimenko
Discovery siteAlma-Ata, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union
Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
Discovery date20 September 1969
Designations
1969 R1, 1969 IV, 1969h, 1975 P1, 1976 VII, 1975i, 1982 VIII, 1982f, 1989 VI, 1988i
Orbital characteristics
Epoch 10 August 2014 (JD 2456879.5)
Aphelion5.6829 AU (850,150,000 km)
Perihelion1.2432 AU (185,980,000 km)
3.4630 AU (518,060,000 km)
Eccentricity0.64102
6.44 yr
303.71°
Inclination7.0405°
50.147°
12.780°
Physical characteristics
DimensionsLarge lobe:
4.1×3.3×1.8 km (2.5×2.1×1.1 mi)
Small lobe:
2.6×2.3×1.8 km (1.6×1.4×1.1 mi)
Volume21.4 km3 (5.1 cu mi)
Mass(1.0±0.1)×1013 kg
Mean density
0.533 ± 0.006 g/cm3 (0.01926 ± 0.00022 lb/cu in)[6]
Equatorial escape velocity
est. 1 m/s (3 ft/s)
12.4043±0.0007 h
52°
North pole right ascension
69.3°
North pole declination
64.1°
0.06
Surface temp. min mean max
Kelvin 180 230
Celsius −93 −43
Fahrenheit −135 −45

(7474) 1992 TC

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
(7474) 1992 TC
Discovery
Discovered byMcNaught, R. H.
Discovery siteSiding Spring
Discovery dateOctober 1, 1992
Designations
7474
1992 TC
Orbital characteristics
Epoch 2457000.0
Uncertainty parameter 0
Aphelion2.023111642510545
Perihelion1.107915050542907
1.565513346526726
Eccentricity.2922991982144734
715.4570847231395
33.48891836193705
Inclination7.087940650181295
88.68004129425852
275.4947151224215
Physical characteristics
X
none
18
(7474) 1992 TC
Discovery
Discovered byMcNaught, R. H.
Discovery siteSiding Spring
Discovery dateOctober 1, 1992
Designations
7474
1992 TC
Orbital characteristics
Epoch 2457000.0
Uncertainty parameter 0
Aphelion2.023111642510545
Perihelion1.107915050542907
1.565513346526726
Eccentricity.2922991982144734
715.4570847231395
33.48891836193705
Inclination7.087940650181295
88.68004129425852
275.4947151224215
Physical characteristics
X
none
18

Adrastea

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
Adrastea
Image of Adrastea taken by Galileo spacecraft between November 1996 and June 1997
Discovery
Discovered by
Discovery dateJuly 8, 1979
Designations
AdjectivesAdrastean
Orbital characteristics
Mean orbit radius
129,000 km[7][8]
Eccentricity0.0015[7][8]
0.29826 d
(7 h 9.5 min)[7][8]
31.378 km/s
Inclination0.03°
(to Jupiter's equator)[7][8]
Satellite ofJupiter
Physical characteristics
Dimensions20×16×14 km[9]
8.2 ± 2.0 km[9]
Volume~2,345 km³
Mass~2 × 1015 kg
Mean density
0.86 g/cm³ (assumed)
~0.002 m/s²
(0.0004 g)
~0.008 km/s
synchronous
zero[9]
Albedo0.1 ± 0.045[9]
Temperature~122 K
Adrastea
Image of Adrastea taken by Galileo spacecraft between November 1996 and June 1997
Discovery
Discovered by
Discovery dateJuly 8, 1979
Designations
AdjectivesAdrastean
Orbital characteristics
Mean orbit radius
129,000 km[7][8]
Eccentricity0.0015[7][8]
0.29826 d
(7 h 9.5 min)[7][8]
31.378 km/s
Inclination0.03°
(to Jupiter's equator)[7][8]
Satellite ofJupiter
Physical characteristics
Dimensions20×16×14 km[9]
8.2 ± 2.0 km[9]
Volume~2,345 km³
Mass~2 × 1015 kg
Mean density
0.86 g/cm³ (assumed)
~0.002 m/s²
(0.0004 g)
~0.008 km/s
synchronous
zero[9]
Albedo0.1 ± 0.045[9]
Temperature~122 K

Carme

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
Carme
Discovery
Discovered byS. B. Nicholson
Discovery dateJuly 30, 1938[10]
Orbital characteristics
Mean orbit radius
23.4 million km[11]
Eccentricity0.25[11]
702.28 d (2.045 a)[11]
2.253 km/s
Inclination164.91° (to the ecliptic)
167.53° (to Jupiter's equator)[11]
Satellite ofJupiter
Physical characteristics
~23 km[12]
~6600 km²
Volume~51,000 km³
Mass1.3×1017 kg
Mean density
2.6 g/cm³ (assumed)[12]
~0.017 m/s2 (0.0017 g)
~0.028 km/s
Albedo0.04 (assumed)[12]
Temperature~124 K
Carme
Discovery
Discovered byS. B. Nicholson
Discovery dateJuly 30, 1938[10]
Orbital characteristics
Mean orbit radius
23.4 million km[11]
Eccentricity0.25[11]
702.28 d (2.045 a)[11]
2.253 km/s
Inclination164.91° (to the ecliptic)
167.53° (to Jupiter's equator)[11]
Satellite ofJupiter
Physical characteristics
~23 km[12]
~6600 km²
Volume~51,000 km³
Mass1.3×1017 kg
Mean density
2.6 g/cm³ (assumed)[12]
~0.017 m/s2 (0.0017 g)
~0.028 km/s
Albedo0.04 (assumed)[12]
Temperature~124 K

Earth

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
Earth
A planetary disk of white cloud formations, brown and green land masses, and dark blue oceans against a black background. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in the upper half of the disk, while Antarctica is at the bottom.
"The Blue Marble" photograph of Earth,
taken from Apollo 17
Designations
Terra, Gaia
SymbolAstronomical symbol of Earth
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000.0
Aphelion152,098,232 km
1.01671388 AU
Perihelion147,098,290 km
0.98329134 AU
149,598,261 km
1.00000261 AU
Eccentricity0.01671123
365.256363004 d
(1.00001742096 aj)
365.242190402 d
(0.99997861849 aj)
29.78 km/s
107,200 km/h
357.51716°
Inclination7.155° to Sun's equator
1.57869° to invariable plane
348.73936°
114.20783°
Known satellites1 natural (the Moon)
8,300+ artificial (as of 1 March 2001)[13]
Physical characteristics
6,371.0 km
Equatorial radius
6,378.1 km[14]
Polar radius
6,356.8 km
Flattening0.0033528
Circumference40,075.017 km (equatorial)[14]
40,007.86 km (meridional)
510,072,000 km2

148,940,000 km2 land (29.2 %)

361,132,000 km2 water (70.8 %)
Volume1.08321×1012 km3
Mass5.9736×1024 kg
Mean density
5.515 g/cm3
9.780327 m/s2
0.99732 g
11.186 km/s
1.0 d
(24h 00m 00s) average synodic rotation period (solar day)
0.99726968 d
(23h 56m 4.100s)
Equatorial rotation velocity
1,674.4 km/h (465.1 m/s)
23°26'21".4119
Albedo0.367 (geometric)
0.306 (Bond)
Surface temp. min mean max
Kelvin 184 K 287.2 K 331 K
Celsius −89.2 °C 14 °C 57.8 °C
Surface equivalent dose rate0.274 μSv/h
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
101.325 kPa (MSL)
Composition by volume78.08% nitrogen (N2) (dry air)
20.95% oxygen (O2)
0.93% argon
0.038% carbon dioxide
About 1% water vapor (varies with climate)
Earth
A planetary disk of white cloud formations, brown and green land masses, and dark blue oceans against a black background. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in the upper half of the disk, while Antarctica is at the bottom.
"The Blue Marble" photograph of Earth,
taken from Apollo 17
Designations
Terra, Gaia
SymbolAstronomical symbol of Earth
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000.0
Aphelion152,098,232 km
1.01671388 AU
Perihelion147,098,290 km
0.98329134 AU
149,598,261 km
1.00000261 AU
Eccentricity0.01671123
365.256363004 d
(1.00001742096 aj)
365.242190402 d
(0.99997861849 aj)
29.78 km/s
107,200 km/h
357.51716°
Inclination7.155° to Sun's equator
1.57869° to invariable plane
348.73936°
114.20783°
Known satellites1 natural (the Moon)
8,300+ artificial (as of 1 March 2001)[13]
Physical characteristics
6,371.0 km
Equatorial radius
6,378.1 km[14]
Polar radius
6,356.8 km
Flattening0.0033528
Circumference40,075.017 km (equatorial)[14]
40,007.86 km (meridional)
510,072,000 km2

148,940,000 km2 land (29.2 %)

361,132,000 km2 water (70.8 %)
Volume1.08321×1012 km3
Mass5.9736×1024 kg
Mean density
5.515 g/cm3
9.780327 m/s2
0.99732 g
11.186 km/s
1.0 d
(24h 00m 00s) average synodic rotation period (solar day)
0.99726968 d
(23h 56m 4.100s)
Equatorial rotation velocity
1,674.4 km/h (465.1 m/s)
23°26'21".4119
Albedo0.367 (geometric)
0.306 (Bond)
Surface temp. min mean max
Kelvin 184 K 287.2 K 331 K
Celsius −89.2 °C 14 °C 57.8 °C
Surface equivalent dose rate0.274 μSv/h
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
101.325 kPa (MSL)
Composition by volume78.08% nitrogen (N2) (dry air)
20.95% oxygen (O2)
0.93% argon
0.038% carbon dioxide
About 1% water vapor (varies with climate)

Lysithea

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
Lysithea
Discovery
Discovered byS. B. Nicholson
Discovery dateJuly 6, 1938[10]
Designations
AdjectivesLysithean
Orbital characteristics
Mean orbit radius
11,720,000 km[11]
Eccentricity0.11[11]
259.20 d (0.69 a)[11]
3.29 km/s
Inclination28.30° (to the ecliptic)
25.77° (to Jupiter's equator)[11]
Satellite ofJupiter
Physical characteristics
18 km[12]
~4100 km²
Volume~24,400 km³
Mass6.3×1016 kg
Mean density
2.6 g/cm³ (assumed)[12]
~0.013 m/s2 (0.001 g)
~0.022 km/s
Albedo0.04 (assumed)[12]
Temperature~124 K
Lysithea
Discovery
Discovered byS. B. Nicholson
Discovery dateJuly 6, 1938[10]
Designations
AdjectivesLysithean
Orbital characteristics
Mean orbit radius
11,720,000 km[11]
Eccentricity0.11[11]
259.20 d (0.69 a)[11]
3.29 km/s
Inclination28.30° (to the ecliptic)
25.77° (to Jupiter's equator)[11]
Satellite ofJupiter
Physical characteristics
18 km[12]
~4100 km²
Volume~24,400 km³
Mass6.3×1016 kg
Mean density
2.6 g/cm³ (assumed)[12]
~0.013 m/s2 (0.001 g)
~0.022 km/s
Albedo0.04 (assumed)[12]
Temperature~124 K

The Moon

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
The Moon
Full moon in the darkness of the night sky. It is patterned with a mix of light-tone regions and darker, irregular blotches, and scattered with varying sizes of impact craters, circles surrounded by out-thrown rays of bright ejecta.
Full moon as seen from Earth's northern hemisphere
Designations
Adjectiveslunar, selenic
Symbol☾
Orbital characteristics
Perigee362,570 km (0.0024 AU)
(356,400–370,400 km)
Apogee405,410 km (0.0027 AU)
(404,000–406,700 km)
384,399 km (0.00257 AU)
Eccentricity0.0549
27.321582 d (27 d 7 h 43.1 min)
29.530589 d (29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s)
1.022 km/s
Inclination5.145° to the ecliptic (between 18.29° and 28.58° to Earth's equator)
regressing by one revolution in 18.6 years
progressing by one revolution in 8.85 years
Satellite ofEarth
Physical characteristics
1,737.10 km  (0.273 Earths)
Equatorial radius
1,738.14 km (0.273 Earths)
Polar radius
1,735.97 km  (0.273 Earths)
Flattening0.00125
Circumference10,921 km (equatorial)
3.793 × 107 km2  (0.074 Earths)
Volume2.1958 × 1010 km3  (0.020 Earths)
Mass7.3477 × 1022 kg  (0.0123 Earths)
Mean density
3.3464 g/cm3
1.622 m/s2 (0.165 4 g)
2.38 km/s
27.321582 d (synchronous)
Equatorial rotation velocity
4.627 m/s
1.5424° (to ecliptic)
6.687° (to orbit plane)
Albedo0.136
Surface temp. min mean max
equator 100 K 220 K 390 K
85°N 70 K 130 K 230 K
Surface absorbed dose rate13.2 μGy/h
Surface equivalent dose rate57.0 μSv/h
−2.5 to −12.9
−12.74 (mean full moon)
29.3 to 34.1 arcminutes
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
10−7 Pa (day)
10−10 Pa (night)
Composition by volumeAr, He, Na, K, H, Rn
The Moon
Full moon in the darkness of the night sky. It is patterned with a mix of light-tone regions and darker, irregular blotches, and scattered with varying sizes of impact craters, circles surrounded by out-thrown rays of bright ejecta.
Full moon as seen from Earth's northern hemisphere
Designations
Adjectiveslunar, selenic
Symbol☾
Orbital characteristics
Perigee362,570 km (0.0024 AU)
(356,400–370,400 km)
Apogee405,410 km (0.0027 AU)
(404,000–406,700 km)
384,399 km (0.00257 AU)
Eccentricity0.0549
27.321582 d (27 d 7 h 43.1 min)
29.530589 d (29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s)
1.022 km/s
Inclination5.145° to the ecliptic (between 18.29° and 28.58° to Earth's equator)
regressing by one revolution in 18.6 years
progressing by one revolution in 8.85 years
Satellite ofEarth
Physical characteristics
1,737.10 km  (0.273 Earths)
Equatorial radius
1,738.14 km (0.273 Earths)
Polar radius
1,735.97 km  (0.273 Earths)
Flattening0.00125
Circumference10,921 km (equatorial)
3.793 × 107 km2  (0.074 Earths)
Volume2.1958 × 1010 km3  (0.020 Earths)
Mass7.3477 × 1022 kg  (0.0123 Earths)
Mean density
3.3464 g/cm3
1.622 m/s2 (0.165 4 g)
2.38 km/s
27.321582 d (synchronous)
Equatorial rotation velocity
4.627 m/s
1.5424° (to ecliptic)
6.687° (to orbit plane)
Albedo0.136
Surface temp. min mean max
equator 100 K 220 K 390 K
85°N 70 K 130 K 230 K
Surface absorbed dose rate13.2 μGy/h
Surface equivalent dose rate57.0 μSv/h
−2.5 to −12.9
−12.74 (mean full moon)
29.3 to 34.1 arcminutes
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
10−7 Pa (day)
10−10 Pa (night)
Composition by volumeAr, He, Na, K, H, Rn

Mercury

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
Mercury
Mercury
MESSENGER image of Mercury with three visible colors mapped to 1000 nm, 700 nm, and 430 nm wavelengths
Designations
Pronunciation/ˈmɜːrkjəri/ ⓘ
AdjectivesMercurian, Mercurial
Symbol☿
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Aphelion
  • 69,816,900 km
  • 0.466 697 AU
Perihelion
  • 46,001,200 km
  • 0.307 499 AU
  • 57,909,100 km
  • 0.387 098 AU
Eccentricity0.205 630
115.88 d
47.87 km/s
174.796°
Inclination
48.331°
29.124°
Known satellitesNone
Physical characteristics
  • 2,439.7 ± 1.0 km
  • 0.3829 Earths
Flattening0
  • 7.48×107 km2
  • 0.147 Earths
Volume
  • 6.083×1010 km3
  • 0.056 Earths
Mass
  • 3.3022×1023 kg
  • 0.055 Earths
Mean density
5.427 g/cm3
4.25 km/s
  • 58.646 day
  • 1407.5 h
Equatorial rotation velocity
10.892 km/h (3.026 m/s)
2.11′ ± 0.1′
North pole right ascension
  • 18 h 44 min 2 s
  • 281.01°
North pole declination
61.45°
Albedo
Surface temp. min mean max
0°N, 0°W [15] 100 K 340 K 700 K
85°N, 0°W[15] 80 K 200 K 380 K
−2.6 to 5.7
4.5" – 13"
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
trace
Composition by volume
Mercury
Mercury
MESSENGER image of Mercury with three visible colors mapped to 1000 nm, 700 nm, and 430 nm wavelengths
Designations
Pronunciation/ˈmɜːrkjəri/ ⓘ
AdjectivesMercurian, Mercurial
Symbol☿
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Aphelion
  • 69,816,900 km
  • 0.466 697 AU
Perihelion
  • 46,001,200 km
  • 0.307 499 AU
  • 57,909,100 km
  • 0.387 098 AU
Eccentricity0.205 630
115.88 d
47.87 km/s
174.796°
Inclination
48.331°
29.124°
Known satellitesNone
Physical characteristics
  • 2,439.7 ± 1.0 km
  • 0.3829 Earths
Flattening0
  • 7.48×107 km2
  • 0.147 Earths
Volume
  • 6.083×1010 km3
  • 0.056 Earths
Mass
  • 3.3022×1023 kg
  • 0.055 Earths
Mean density
5.427 g/cm3
4.25 km/s
  • 58.646 day
  • 1407.5 h
Equatorial rotation velocity
10.892 km/h (3.026 m/s)
2.11′ ± 0.1′
North pole right ascension
  • 18 h 44 min 2 s
  • 281.01°
North pole declination
61.45°
Albedo
Surface temp. min mean max
0°N, 0°W [15] 100 K 340 K 700 K
85°N, 0°W[15] 80 K 200 K 380 K
−2.6 to 5.7
4.5" – 13"
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
trace
Composition by volume

Uranus

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
Uranus
Photograph of Uranus in true colour
(by Voyager 2 in 1986)
Discovery
Discovered byWilliam Herschel
Discovery date13 November 2024
Designations
Pronunciation/ˈjʊərənəs/ ⓘ or /jʊˈreɪnəs/ ⓘ
Named after
the Latin form Ūranus of the Greek god Οὐρανός Ouranos
AdjectivesUranian (/jʊˈreɪniən/)[19]
Symbol⛢ (♅)
Orbital characteristics[a]
Epoch J2000
Aphelion20.0965 AU (3006.39 Gm)
Perihelion18.2861 AU (2735.56 Gm)
19.19126 AU (2870.972 Gm)
Eccentricity0.04717
369.66 days
6.80 km/s
142.238600°
Inclination
74.006°
17–19 August 2050[16][17]
96.998857°
Known satellites27
Physical characteristics
25,362±7 km
Equatorial radius
25,559±4 km
4.007 Earths
Polar radius
24,973±20 km
3.929 Earths
Flattening0.0229±0.0008[b]
Circumference159,354.1 km
8.1156×109 km2
15.91 Earths
Volume6.833×1013 km3
63.086 Earths
Mass(8.6810±0.0013)×1025 kg
14.536 Earths
GM=5,793,939±13 km3/s2
Mean density
1.27 g/cm3
8.69 m/s2
0.886 g
0.23[18] (estimate)
21.3 km/s
−0.71832 d
−17 h 14 m 23 s
(retrograde)
−0.71833 d
−17 h 14 min 24 s
(retrograde)
Equatorial rotation velocity
2.59 km/s
9,320 km/h
97.77° (to orbit)
North pole right ascension
17h 9m 15s
257.311°
North pole declination
−15.175°
Albedo0.300 (Bond)
0.488 (geom.)
Surface temp. min mean max
1 bar level 76 K (−197.2 °C)
0.1 bar
(tropopause)		 47 K 53 K 57 K
5.38 to 6.03
3.3″ to 4.1″
Atmosphere[c]
27.7 km
Composition by volume(Below 1.3 bar)

Gases:

  • 83 ± 3% hydrogen (H2)
  • 15 ± 3% helium (He)
  • 2.3% methane (CH4)
  • 0.009% (0.007–0.015%) hydrogen deuteride (HD)
  • hydrogen sulphide (H2S)[20]

Ices:

Uranus
Photograph of Uranus in true colour
(by Voyager 2 in 1986)
Discovery
Discovered byWilliam Herschel
Discovery date13 November 2024
Designations
Pronunciation/ˈjʊərənəs/ ⓘ or /jʊˈreɪnəs/ ⓘ
Named after
the Latin form Ūranus of the Greek god Οὐρανός Ouranos
AdjectivesUranian (/jʊˈreɪniən/)[19]
Symbol⛢ (♅)
Orbital characteristics[a]
Epoch J2000
Aphelion20.0965 AU (3006.39 Gm)
Perihelion18.2861 AU (2735.56 Gm)
19.19126 AU (2870.972 Gm)
Eccentricity0.04717
369.66 days
6.80 km/s
142.238600°
Inclination
74.006°
17–19 August 2050[16][17]
96.998857°
Known satellites27
Physical characteristics
25,362±7 km
Equatorial radius
25,559±4 km
4.007 Earths
Polar radius
24,973±20 km
3.929 Earths
Flattening0.0229±0.0008[b]
Circumference159,354.1 km
8.1156×109 km2
15.91 Earths
Volume6.833×1013 km3
63.086 Earths
Mass(8.6810±0.0013)×1025 kg
14.536 Earths
GM=5,793,939±13 km3/s2
Mean density
1.27 g/cm3
8.69 m/s2
0.886 g
0.23[18] (estimate)
21.3 km/s
−0.71832 d
−17 h 14 m 23 s
(retrograde)
−0.71833 d
−17 h 14 min 24 s
(retrograde)
Equatorial rotation velocity
2.59 km/s
9,320 km/h
97.77° (to orbit)
North pole right ascension
17h 9m 15s
257.311°
North pole declination
−15.175°
Albedo0.300 (Bond)
0.488 (geom.)
Surface temp. min mean max
1 bar level 76 K (−197.2 °C)
0.1 bar
(tropopause)		 47 K 53 K 57 K
5.38 to 6.03
3.3″ to 4.1″
Atmosphere[c]
27.7 km
Composition by volume(Below 1.3 bar)

Gases:

Ices:

Miranda

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
Miranda
Miranda
Discovery
Discovered byGerard P. Kuiper
Discovery dateFebruary 16, 1948
Designations
Uranus V
AdjectivesMirandan, Mirandian
Orbital characteristics
129 390 km
Eccentricity0.0013
1.413 479 d
Inclination4.232° (to Uranus's equator)
Satellite ofUranus
Physical characteristics
Dimensions480×468.4×465.8 km
235.8 ± 0.7 km (0.03697 Earths)
700 000 km2
Volume54 835 000 km3
Mass6.59 ± 0.75 × 1019 kg (1.103 × 10–5 Earths)
Mean density
1.20 ± 0.15 g/cm3
0.079 m/s2
0.193 km/s
synchronous
0°
Albedo0.32
Surface temp. min mean max
solstice ? ~60 K 84 ± 1 K
15.8[12]
Miranda
Miranda
Discovery
Discovered byGerard P. Kuiper
Discovery dateFebruary 16, 1948
Designations
Uranus V
AdjectivesMirandan, Mirandian
Orbital characteristics
129 390 km
Eccentricity0.0013
1.413 479 d
Inclination4.232° (to Uranus's equator)
Satellite ofUranus
Physical characteristics
Dimensions480×468.4×465.8 km
235.8 ± 0.7 km (0.03697 Earths)
700 000 km2
Volume54 835 000 km3
Mass6.59 ± 0.75 × 1019 kg (1.103 × 10–5 Earths)
Mean density
1.20 ± 0.15 g/cm3
0.079 m/s2
0.193 km/s
synchronous
0°
Albedo0.32
Surface temp. min mean max
solstice ? ~60 K 84 ± 1 K
15.8[12]

Nereid

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
Nereid
Image of Nereid by Voyager 2
Image of Nereid by Voyager 2
Discovery
Discovered byGerard P. Kuiper
Discovery dateMay 1, 1949
Designations
AdjectivesNereidian, Nereidean
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Periapsis1,372,000 km (0.00917 AU)
Apoapsis9,655,000 km (0.06454 AU)
5,513,787 km (0.03685 AU)
Eccentricity0.7507
360.1362 d
934 m/s
Inclination
Satellite ofNeptune
Physical characteristics
170 ± 25 km
Mass3.1×1019 kg (assumed)
Mean density
1.5 g/cm³ (assumed)
~0.072 m/s²
~0.156 km/s
0.48 d (11 h 31 min)
Albedo0.155
Temperature~50 K mean (estimate)
Nereid
Image of Nereid by Voyager 2
Image of Nereid by Voyager 2
Discovery
Discovered byGerard P. Kuiper
Discovery dateMay 1, 1949
Designations
AdjectivesNereidian, Nereidean
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Periapsis1,372,000 km (0.00917 AU)
Apoapsis9,655,000 km (0.06454 AU)
5,513,787 km (0.03685 AU)
Eccentricity0.7507
360.1362 d
934 m/s
Inclination
Satellite ofNeptune
Physical characteristics
170 ± 25 km
Mass3.1×1019 kg (assumed)
Mean density
1.5 g/cm³ (assumed)
~0.072 m/s²
~0.156 km/s
0.48 d (11 h 31 min)
Albedo0.155
Temperature~50 K mean (estimate)

Test conditional designations param

[edit]
Side by side comparison
{{Infobox planet}}{{Infobox planet/sandbox}}
7225 Huntress
Discovery [12]
Discovered byE. Bowell
Discovery siteAnderson Mesa Station of the Lowell Observatory
Discovery date22 January 1983
Orbital characteristics [12]
Epoch 27 June 2015 (JD 2457200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc54.41 yr (19,872 days)
Aphelion2.8176 AU
Perihelion1.8646 AU
2.3411 AU
Eccentricity0.2035
3.58 yr (1,308.4 days)
22.044°
Inclination6.8705°
275.75°
203.60°
Earth MOID0.8837 AU
Physical characteristics
2.43995 h
S (SMASSII)
13.1 mag
7225 Huntress
Discovery [12]
Discovered byE. Bowell
Discovery siteAnderson Mesa Station of the Lowell Observatory
Discovery date22 January 1983
Orbital characteristics [12]
Epoch 27 June 2015 (JD 2457200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc54.41 yr (19,872 days)
Aphelion2.8176 AU
Perihelion1.8646 AU
2.3411 AU
Eccentricity0.2035
3.58 yr (1,308.4 days)
22.044°
Inclination6.8705°
275.75°
203.60°
Earth MOID0.8837 AU
Physical characteristics
2.43995 h
S (SMASSII)
13.1 mag


References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ^ Some Ref
  2. ^ Some Ref
  3. ^ "NASA Centre for Near Earth Object Studies".
  4. ^ Binzel, Richard P. (2007). "Can NEAs be Grouped by Their Common Physical Characteristics?" (PDF). Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. aero.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-12.
  5. ^ assuming radius of 0.135 km and mass of 2.1e10 kg yields an escape velocity of 0.14 m/s or 0.52 km/h.
  6. ^ a b Lakdawalla, Emily (19 November 2015). "DPS 2015: A little science from Rosetta, beyond perihelion". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d Evans Porco et al. 2002.
  8. ^ a b c d Burns Simonelli et al. 2004.
  9. ^ a b c d Thomas Burns et al. 1998.
  10. ^ a b Nicholson, S. B. (1938). "Two New Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 50: pp.292–293. Bibcode:1938PASP...50..292N. doi:10.1086/124963. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h Jacobson, R. A. (2000). "The Orbits of Outer Jovian Satellites". Astronomical Journal. 120 (5): pp.2679–2686. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.2679J. doi:10.1086/316817. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL (Solar System Dynamics). 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
  13. ^ US Space Command (March 1, 2001). "Reentry Assessment - US Space Command Fact Sheet". SpaceRef Interactive. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
  14. ^ a b World Geodetic System (WGS-84). Available online from National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.
  15. ^ a b Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Paige, David A.; Wood, Stephen E. (19 February 1999). "Near-Surface Temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits" (PDF). Icarus. 141: 179–193. Bibcode:1999Icar..141..179V. doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6175. Figure 3 with the "TWO model"; Figure 5 for pole.
  16. ^ Jean Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms (Richmond, Virginia: Willmann-Bell, 1998) p271. Bretagnon's complete VSOP87 model. It gives the 17th @ 18.283075301au. http://vo.imcce.fr/webservices/miriade/?forms Archived 7 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine IMCCE Observatoire de Paris / CNRS Calculated for a series of dates, five or ten days apart, in August 2050, using an interpolation formula from Astronomical Algorithms. Perihelion came very early on the 17th. INPOP planetary theory
  17. ^ "HORIZONS Planet-center Batch call for August 2050 Perihelion". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov (Perihelion for Uranus planet-center (799) occurs on 2050-Aug-19 at 18.28307512au during a rdot flip from negative to positive). NASA/JPL. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
  18. ^ de Pater, Imke; Lissauer, Jack J. (2015). Planetary Sciences (2nd updated ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0521853712. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
  19. ^ "Uranian". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  20. ^ Irwin, Patrick G. J.; et al. (23 April 2018). "Detection of hydrogen sulfide above the clouds in Uranus's atmosphere" (PDF). Nature Astronomy. 2 (5): 420–427. Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..420I. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0432-1. hdl:2381/42547. S2CID 102775371. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
The references of group "lower-alpha":
  1. ^ These are the mean elements from VSOP87, together with derived quantities.
  2. ^ Calculated using data from Seidelmann, 2007.
  3. ^ Calculation of He, H2 and CH4 molar fractions is based on a 2.3% mixing ratio of methane to hydrogen and the 15/85 He/H2 proportions measured at the tropopause.
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