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{{testcases}} |
{{testcases}} |
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__TOC__ |
__TOC__ |
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==baricentric (Jul 2022)== |
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:See [[Template_talk:Infobox_planet#edittemplateprotected]], 20:10, 4 July 2022 (UTC) |
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:New {{para|barycentric}}; (relates to {{para|orbit_ref}}) |
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{{Testcase table |
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|name=both |
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|barycentric=yes |
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|orbit_ref=<ref>Some Ref</ref> |
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| eccentricity = 0.123 |
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}} |
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{{Testcase table |
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|name=bc only |
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|barycentric=yes |
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|orbit_ref= |
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| eccentricity = 0.123 |
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}} |
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{{Testcase table |
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|name=orbitref |
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|barycentric= |
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|orbit_ref=<ref>Some Ref</ref> |
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| eccentricity = 0.123 |
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}} |
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{{Testcase table |
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|name=(no params used) |
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|barycentric= |
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|orbit_ref= |
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| eccentricity = |
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}} |
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== New parameters proposed by Bellezzasolo== |
== New parameters proposed by Bellezzasolo== |
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| background = #FFC2E0 |
| background = #FFC2E0 |
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| discoverer = [[Roy A. Tucker]]<br />[[David J. Tholen]]<br />[[Fabrizio Bernardi]] |
| discoverer = [[Roy A. Tucker]]<br />[[David J. Tholen]]<br />[[Fabrizio Bernardi]] |
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| discovery_site = [[Kitt Peak National Observatory|Kitt Peak]] |
| discovery_site = [[Kitt Peak National Observatory|Kitt Peak]] |
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| named_after = [[Apep]] |
| named_after = [[Apep]] |
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| minorplanet = yes |
| minorplanet = yes |
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| image_size = 250 |
| image_size = 250 |
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| caption = Animation of ''Apophis'' imaged at the [[Sormano Astronomical Observatory]] |
| caption = Animation of ''Apophis'' imaged at the [[Sormano Astronomical Observatory]] |
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| discovery_ref = |
| discovery_ref = |
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| discovered = 19 June 2004 |
| discovered = 19 June 2004 |
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| mpc_name = (99942) Apophis |
| mpc_name = (99942) Apophis |
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| alt_names = {{mp|2004 MN|4}} |
| alt_names = {{mp|2004 MN|4}} |
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| mp_category = {{mpcat|Aten}}<br />[[Near-Earth object|NEO]], [[Potentially hazardous object|PHA]] |
| mp_category = {{mpcat|Aten}}<br />[[Near-Earth object|NEO]], [[Potentially hazardous object|PHA]] |
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| orbit_ref = |
| orbit_ref = |
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| epoch = 7 December 2007 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2454441.5) |
| epoch = 7 December 2007 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2454441.5) |
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| uncertainty = 0 |
| uncertainty = 0 |
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| aphelion = {{Convert|1.09851|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}} |
| aphelion = {{Convert|1.09851|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}} |
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| period = 0.89 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (323.5 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]]) |
| period = 0.89 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (323.5 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]]) |
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| abs_magnitude = 19.7 ± 0.4 |
| abs_magnitude = 19.7 ± 0.4 |
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| semimajor = {{Convert|0.92228|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} |
| semimajor = {{Convert|0.92228|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} |
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| perihelion = {{Convert|0.74605|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} |
| perihelion = {{Convert|0.74605|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} |
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| density = ~3.2 g/cm{{sup|3}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aero.org/conferences/planetarydefense/2007papers/S1-8--Binzel-Brief.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412135701/http://www.aero.org/conferences/planetarydefense/2007papers/S1-8--Binzel-Brief.pdf|archivedate=2012-04-12|title=Can NEAs be Grouped by Their Common Physical Characteristics?|last=Binzel|first=Richard P.|work=Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science|Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]|publisher=aero.org|date=2007}}</ref> |
| density = ~3.2 g/cm{{sup|3}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aero.org/conferences/planetarydefense/2007papers/S1-8--Binzel-Brief.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412135701/http://www.aero.org/conferences/planetarydefense/2007papers/S1-8--Binzel-Brief.pdf|archivedate=2012-04-12|title=Can NEAs be Grouped by Their Common Physical Characteristics?|last=Binzel|first=Richard P.|work=Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science|Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]|publisher=aero.org|date=2007}}</ref> |
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| escape_velocity = ~0.52 km/h<ref name=estimate>assuming radius of 0.135 km and mass of 2.1e10 kg yields an escape velocity of 0.14 m/s or 0.52 km/h.</ref> |
| escape_velocity = ~0.52 km/h<ref name=estimate>assuming radius of 0.135 km and mass of 2.1e10 kg yields an escape velocity of 0.14 m/s or 0.52 km/h.</ref> |
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| mass = 6.1{{e|10}} kg (assumed) |
| mass = 6.1{{e|10}} kg (assumed) |
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| surface_grav = {{val|0.00027|u=m/s2}} (average) |
| surface_grav = {{val|0.00027|u=m/s2}} (average) |
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| rotation = {{Convert|30.4|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}} |
| rotation = {{Convert|30.4|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}<br />tumbling:<br />precession period:<br />27.38±0.07 h<br />rotation period:<br />263±6 h<br />period of harmonic with strongest lightcurve amplitude:<br />30.56±0.01 h |
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| spectral_type = Sq |
| spectral_type = Sq |
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| albedo = 0.23 |
| albedo = 0.23 |
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| single_temperature = 270 [[kelvin|K]] |
| single_temperature = 270 [[kelvin|K]] |
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}} |
}} |
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| discovered = 20 September 1969 |
| discovered = 20 September 1969 |
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| discovery_site = [[Almaty|Alma-Ata]], [[Kazakh SSR]], [[Soviet Union]] <br> [[Kiev]], [[Ukrainian SSR]], Soviet Union |
| discovery_site = [[Almaty|Alma-Ata]], [[Kazakh SSR]], [[Soviet Union]] <br> [[Kiev]], [[Ukrainian SSR]], Soviet Union |
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| alt_names = 1969 R1, 1969 IV, 1969h, 1975 P1, 1976 VII, 1975i, 1982 VIII, 1982f, 1989 VI, 1988i |
| alt_names = 1969 R1, 1969 IV, 1969h, 1975 P1, 1976 VII, 1975i, 1982 VIII, 1982f, 1989 VI, 1988i |
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| orbit_ref = |
| orbit_ref = |
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| epoch = 10 August 2014 ([[Julian date|JD]] 2456879.5) |
| epoch = 10 August 2014 ([[Julian date|JD]] 2456879.5) |
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| aphelion = {{convert|5.6829|AU|km|abbr=on}} |
| aphelion = {{convert|5.6829|AU|km|abbr=on}} |
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| mean_anomaly = 303.71° |
| mean_anomaly = 303.71° |
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| arg_peri = 12.780° |
| arg_peri = 12.780° |
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| time_peri = 13 August 2015 |
| time_peri = 13 August 2015 |
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| dimensions = Large lobe: |
| dimensions = Large lobe: <br> {{convert|4.1|*|3.3|*|1.8|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} <br> Small lobe: <br> {{convert|2.6|*|2.3|*|1.8|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} |
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| volume = {{convert|21.4|km3|abbr=on}} |
| volume = {{convert|21.4|km3|abbr=on}} |
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| mass = {{val|1.0|0.1|e=13|u=kg}} |
| mass = {{val|1.0|0.1|e=13|u=kg}} |
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| density = {{convert|0.533|±|0.006|g/cm3|abbr=on}}<ref name="Lakdawalla1118">{{cite web |url=http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2015/dps15-1118-rosetta.html |title=DPS 2015: A little science from Rosetta, beyond perihelion |publisher=The Planetary Society |first=Emily |last=Lakdawalla |date=19 November 2015 |accessdate=8 December 2015}}</ref> |
| density = {{convert|0.533|±|0.006|g/cm3|abbr=on}}<ref name="Lakdawalla1118">{{cite web |url=http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2015/dps15-1118-rosetta.html |title=DPS 2015: A little science from Rosetta, beyond perihelion |publisher=The Planetary Society |first=Emily |last=Lakdawalla |date=19 November 2015 |accessdate=8 December 2015}}</ref> |
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| porosity = 0.72<ref name="Lakdawalla1118"/> |
| porosity = 0.72<ref name="Lakdawalla1118"/> |
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| escape_velocity = ''est.'' {{convert|1|m/s|ft/s|0|abbr=on}} |
| escape_velocity = ''est.'' {{convert|1|m/s|ft/s|0|abbr=on}} |
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| rotation = {{val|12.4043|0.0007|u=hours}} |
| rotation = {{val|12.4043|0.0007|u=hours}} |
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| right_asc_north_pole= 69.3° |
| right_asc_north_pole= 69.3° |
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| declination = 64.1° |
| declination = 64.1° |
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| axial_tilt = 52° |
| axial_tilt = 52° |
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| albedo = 0.06 |
| albedo = 0.06 |
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| temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]] |
| temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]] |
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| min_temp_1 = 180 |
| min_temp_1 = 180 |
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| caption = "[[The Blue Marble]]" photograph of Earth,<br>taken from ''[[Apollo 17]]'' |
| caption = "[[The Blue Marble]]" photograph of Earth,<br>taken from ''[[Apollo 17]]'' |
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| alt_names = Terra, Gaia |
| alt_names = Terra, Gaia |
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| flag = {{flagicon| |
| flag = {{flagicon|World Health Organization}} |
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| epoch = [[J2000.0]] |
| epoch = [[J2000.0]] |
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| aphelion = 152,098,232 km<br> 1.01671388 [[astronomical unit|AU]] |
| aphelion = 152,098,232 km<br> 1.01671388 [[astronomical unit|AU]] |
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| arg_peri = 114.20783° |
| arg_peri = 114.20783° |
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| mean_anomaly = 357.51716° |
| mean_anomaly = 357.51716° |
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| period = 365.256363004 |
| period = {{convert|365.256363004|d|yr|comma=gaps|abbr=on|lk=out|disp=x|<br /><small>(|[[julian year (astronomy)|<sub>j</sub>]])</small>}} |
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| synodic_period = {{convert|365.242190402|d|yr|comma=gaps|abbr=on|lk=out|disp=x|<br /><small>(|[[julian year (astronomy)|<sub>j</sub>]])</small>}} |
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| avg_speed = 29.78 km/s<br>107,200 km/h |
| avg_speed = 29.78 km/s<br>107,200 km/h |
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| satellites = 1 natural (the [[Moon]])<br /> 8,300+ [[satellite|artificial]] ({{as of|2001|3|1|lc=on}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=4008|title=Reentry Assessment - US Space Command Fact Sheet|author=[[US Space Command]]|date=March 1, 2001|publisher=SpaceRef Interactive|accessdate=2011-05-07}}</ref> |
| satellites = 1 natural (the [[Moon]])<br /> 8,300+ [[satellite|artificial]] ({{as of|2001|3|1|lc=on}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=4008|title=Reentry Assessment - US Space Command Fact Sheet|author=[[US Space Command]]|date=March 1, 2001|publisher=SpaceRef Interactive|accessdate=2011-05-07}}</ref> |
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| surface_grav = [[Earth's gravity|9.780327]] [[metre per second squared|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]<br>0.99732 [[g-force|''g'']] |
| surface_grav = [[Earth's gravity|9.780327]] [[metre per second squared|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]<br>0.99732 [[g-force|''g'']] |
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| escape_velocity = 11.186 km/s |
| escape_velocity = 11.186 km/s |
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| rotation = {{longitem|{{val|1.0|u=d}} <br /> <small>(24h 00m 00s) average [[solar day|synodic rotation period (solar day)]]</small>}} |
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| sidereal_day = 0.99726968 d <br>23{{smallsup|h}} 56{{smallsup|m}} 4.100{{smallsup|s}} |
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| sidereal_day = {{longitem|{{val|0.99726968|u=d}} <br /> <small>(23h 56m 4.100s)</small>}} |
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| rot_velocity = {{convert|1674.4|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}} |
| rot_velocity = {{convert|1674.4|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}} |
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| axial_tilt = 23°26'21".4119 |
| axial_tilt = 23°26'21".4119 |
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| mean_temp_2 = 14 °C |
| mean_temp_2 = 14 °C |
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| max_temp_2 = 57.8 °C |
| max_temp_2 = 57.8 °C |
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| surface_equivalent_dose_rate = {{convert |2.40 |mSv/yr |μSv/h |disp=out}} |
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| surface_pressure = [[Atmosphere (unit)|101.325]] [[Pascal (unit)|kPa]] ([[Sea level|MSL]]) |
| surface_pressure = [[Atmosphere (unit)|101.325]] [[Pascal (unit)|kPa]] ([[Sea level|MSL]]) |
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| atmosphere_composition = 78.08% [[nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>) (dry air)<br> 20.95% [[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>)<br> 0.93% [[argon]]<br> 0.038% [[carbon dioxide]]<br>About 1% [[water vapor]] (varies with [[climate]]) |
| atmosphere_composition = 78.08% [[nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>) (dry air)<br> 20.95% [[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>)<br> 0.93% [[argon]]<br> 0.038% [[carbon dioxide]]<br>About 1% [[water vapor]] (varies with [[climate]]) |
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|background = #ffc0c0 |
|background = #ffc0c0 |
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|discoverer = [[Seth Barnes Nicholson|S. B. Nicholson]] |
|discoverer = [[Seth Barnes Nicholson|S. B. Nicholson]] |
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|discovered = July 6, 1938<ref name="Nicholson 1938"/> |
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|discovered = July 6, 1938<ref name="Nicholson 1938">{{cite journal |last=Nicholson |first=S.B. |title=Two New Satellites of Jupiter |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |year=1938 |volume=50 |pages=292–293 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0050//0000292.000.html |doi=10.1086/124963 |bibcode=1938PASP...50..292N}}</ref> |
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|adjectives = Lysithean |
|adjectives = Lysithean |
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|mean_orbit_radius = 11,720,000 km<ref name="Jacobson 2000" |
|mean_orbit_radius = 11,720,000 km<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/> |
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|eccentricity = 0.11<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/> |
|eccentricity = 0.11<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/> |
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|period = 259.20 d (0.69 [[Year|a]])<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/> |
|period = 259.20 d (0.69 [[Year|a]])<ref name="Jacobson 2000"/> |
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| name = The Moon |
| name = The Moon |
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| apsis = gee |
| apsis = gee |
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| symbol = [[File:Moon symbol |
| symbol = [[File:Moon decrescent symbol (bold).svg|20px|☾]] |
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| image = FullMoon2010.jpg |
| image = FullMoon2010.jpg |
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| image_upright = 1.25 |
| image_upright = 1.25 |
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| mean_temp_2 = 130 K |
| mean_temp_2 = 130 K |
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| max_temp_2 = 230 K |
| max_temp_2 = 230 K |
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| surface_absorbed_dose_rate = 13.2 μGy/h |
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| surface_equivalent_dose_rate = {{convert |1.369 |mSv/d |μSv/h |disp=out}} |
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| atmosphere_ref = |
| atmosphere_ref = |
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| surface_pressure = 10<sup>−7</sup> [[Pascal (unit)|Pa]] (day) <br /> 10<sup>−10</sup> Pa (night) |
| surface_pressure = 10<sup>−7</sup> [[Pascal (unit)|Pa]] (day) <br /> 10<sup>−10</sup> Pa (night) |
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* Trace amounts of [[argon]], [[nitrogen]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[Water|water vapor]], [[xenon]], [[krypton]] and [[neon]] |
* Trace amounts of [[argon]], [[nitrogen]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[Water|water vapor]], [[xenon]], [[krypton]] and [[neon]] |
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}} |
}} |
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}} |
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== Uranus == |
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{{Testcase table |
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| name = [[Uranus]] |
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| symbol = {{nowrap|[[File:Uranus symbol (bold).svg|24px|⛢]] ([[File:Uranus monogram (bold).svg|24px|♅]])}} |
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| image = Uranus as seen by NASA's Voyager 2 (remastered) - JPEG converted.jpg |
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| caption = Photograph of Uranus in [[False color#True color|true colour]]<br>(by ''[[Voyager 2]]'' in 1986) |
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| background = #f8f9fa |
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| discoverer = [[William Herschel]] |
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| discovered = {{#time:j F Y|{{#property:P575}}}} |
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| orbit_ref = |
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{{efn | These are the mean elements from VSOP87, together with derived quantities.}} |
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| epoch = [[J2000]] |
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| aphelion = {{convert|3006.39|Gm|AU|lk=on|abbr=on|order=flip|comma=gaps}} |
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| perihelion = {{convert|2735.56|Gm|AU|lk=off|abbr=on|order=flip|comma=gaps}} |
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| time_periastron = 17–19 August 2050<ref >Jean Meeus, ''Astronomical Algorithms'' (Richmond, Virginia: Willmann-Bell, 1998) p271. Bretagnon's complete VSOP87 model. It gives the 17th @ 18.283075301au. http://vo.imcce.fr/webservices/miriade/?forms {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907050257/http://vo.imcce.fr/webservices/miriade/?forms |date=7 September 2021 }} IMCCE Observatoire de Paris / CNRS Calculated for a series of dates, five or ten days apart, in August 2050, using an interpolation formula from ''Astronomical Algorithms''. Perihelion came very early on the 17th. INPOP planetary theory</ref><ref name=horizons-perihelion>{{Cite web|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%27799%27&START_TIME=%272050-08-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272050-08-30%27&STEP_SIZE=%273%20hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27|title=HORIZONS Planet-center Batch call for August 2050 Perihelion|website=ssd.jpl.nasa.gov|type=Perihelion for Uranus planet-center (799) occurs on 2050-Aug-19 at 18.28307512au during a rdot flip from negative to positive|publisher=NASA/JPL|access-date=2021-09-07|archive-date=7 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907215700/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%27799%27&START_TIME=%272050-08-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272050-08-30%27&STEP_SIZE=%273%20hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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| semimajor = {{convert|2870.972|Gm|AU|lk=off|abbr=on|order=flip|comma=gaps}} |
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| eccentricity = {{val|0.04717}} |
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| period = |
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{{plainlist | |
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* {{val|84.0205|u=[[julian year (astronomy)|yr]]}} |
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* {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|30688.5|u=days}}}} |
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* {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|42718}}}} Uranian [[solar day]]s |
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}} |
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| synodic_period = 369.66 days |
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| avg_speed = 6.80 km/s |
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| inclination = {{ubl|{{val|0.773|u=°}} to [[ecliptic]]|6.48° to [[Sun]]'s [[equator]]|0.99° to [[invariable plane]]}} |
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| asc_node = {{val|74.006|u=°}} |
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| arg_peri = {{val|96.998857|u=°}} |
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| mean_anomaly = {{val|142.238600|u=°}} |
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| satellites = [[Moons of Uranus|27]] |
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| flattening = {{val|0.0229|0.0008}}{{efn | Calculated using data from Seidelmann, 2007. }} |
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| equatorial_radius = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|25559|4|u=km}}}}<br />4.007 Earths |
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| polar_radius = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|24973|20|u=km}}}}<br />3.929 Earths |
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| mean_radius = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|25362|7|u=km}}}} |
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| circumference = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|159354.1|u=km}}}} |
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| surface_area = {{val|8.1156|e=9|u=km2}} <br /> 15.91 Earths |
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| volume = {{val|6.833|e=13|u=km3}} <br /> 63.086 Earths |
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| mass = {{val|8.6810|0.0013|e=25|u=kg}} <br /> 14.536 Earths <br /> |
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[[standard gravitational parameter|GM]]={{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|5793939|13|u=km<sup>3</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>}}}} |
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| density = {{val|1.27|u=g/cm3}} |
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| surface_grav = {{val|8.69|ul=m/s2}}<br />0.886 [[g-force|g]] |
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| moment_of_inertia_factor = {{val|0.23|}}<ref name="PS15">{{cite book |last2=Lissauer |first2=Jack J. |last1=de Pater |first1=Imke |author-link1=Imke de Pater |title=Planetary Sciences |date=2015 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stFpBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 |page=250 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0521853712 |edition=2nd updated |access-date=17 August 2016 |archive-date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126120848/https://books.google.com/books?id=stFpBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 |url-status=live }}</ref> (estimate) |
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| escape_velocity = 21.3 km/s |
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| rotation = {{val|−0.71832|u=days}}<br/>−17 h 14 m 23 s<br/>([[retrograde motion|retrograde]]) |
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| sidereal_day = {{val|-0.71833|u=day}}<br /> {{nowrap|−17 h 14 min 24 s}}<br/>(retrograde) |
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| rot_velocity = 2.59 km/s <br /> 9,320 km/h |
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| axial_tilt = 97.77° (to orbit) |
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| right_asc_north_pole = {{RA|17|9|15}}<br />257.311° |
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| declination = −15.175° |
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| albedo = 0.300 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])<br />0.488 ([[Geometric albedo|geom.]])| magnitude =5.38 to 6.03 |
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| angular_size = 3.3″ to 4.1″ |
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| temp_name1 = 1 [[bar (unit)|bar]] level |
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| min_temp_1 = |
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| mean_temp_1 = {{convert|76|K|C}} |
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| max_temp_1 = |
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| temp_name2 = 0.1 bar<br />([[tropopause]]) |
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| min_temp_2 = 47 K |
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| mean_temp_2 = 53 K |
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| max_temp_2 = 57 K |
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| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|audio=uranus.ogg|ˈ|jʊər|ə|n|ə|s}} or {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Uranus.ogg|j|ʊ|ˈ|r|eɪ|n|ə|s}} |
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| adjectives = Uranian ({{IPAc-en|j|ʊ|ˈ|r|eɪ|n|i|ə|n}})<ref>{{OED|Uranian}}</ref> |
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| named_after = the Latin form ''Ūranus'' of the Greek god [[Uranus (mythology)|Οὐρανός]] ''Ouranos'' |
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| atmosphere = yes |
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| atmosphere_ref = |
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{{efn | Calculation of He, H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> molar fractions is based on a 2.3% mixing ratio of methane to hydrogen and the 15/85 He/H<sub>2</sub> proportions measured at the tropopause. }} |
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| scale_height = 27.7 km |
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| atmosphere_composition = ''(Below 1.3 bar)''<br /> |
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'''Gases''': |
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* 83 ± 3% [[hydrogen]] ({{chem2|H2}}) |
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* 15 ± 3% [[helium]] (He) |
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* 2.3% [[methane]] ({{chem2|CH4}}) |
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* 0.009% (0.007–0.015%) [[hydrogen deuteride]] (HD) |
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* [[hydrogen sulfide|hydrogen sulphide]] ({{chem2|H2S}})<ref>{{cite journal |title=Detection of hydrogen sulfide above the clouds in Uranus's atmosphere |journal=Nature Astronomy |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=420–427 |first1=Patrick G. J. |last1=Irwin |first2=Daniel |last2=Toledo |first3=Ryan |last3=Garland |first4=Nicholas A. |last4=Teanby |first5=Leigh N. |last5=Fletcher |first6=Glenn A. |last6=Orton |first7=Bruno |last7=Bézard |display-authors=1 |date=23 April 2018 |doi=10.1038/s41550-018-0432-1 |bibcode=2018NatAs...2..420I |hdl=2381/42547 |s2cid=102775371 |url=https://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream/2381/42547/2/uranus_nature9.pdf |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428143940/https://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream/2381/42547/2/uranus_nature9.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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'''Ices''': |
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* [[ammonia]] ({{chem2|NH3}}) |
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* [[water (molecule)|water]] ({{chem2|H2O}}) |
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* [[ammonium hydrosulfide]] ({{chem2|NH4SH}}) |
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* [[methane hydrate]] |
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}} |
}} |
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Latest revision as of 11:04, 30 August 2024
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baricentric (Jul 2022)
[edit]- See Template_talk:Infobox_planet#edittemplateprotected, 20:10, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
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New parameters proposed by Bellezzasolo
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67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
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Adrastea
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Carme
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Earth
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Lysithea
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The Moon
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Mercury
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Uranus
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Miranda
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Nereid
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Test conditional designations param
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References
- ^ Some Ref
- ^ Some Ref
- ^ "NASA Centre for Near Earth Object Studies".
- ^ Binzel, Richard P. (2007). "Can NEAs be Grouped by Their Common Physical Characteristics?" (PDF). Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. aero.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-12.
- ^ assuming radius of 0.135 km and mass of 2.1e10 kg yields an escape velocity of 0.14 m/s or 0.52 km/h.
- ^ a b Lakdawalla, Emily (19 November 2015). "DPS 2015: A little science from Rosetta, beyond perihelion". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d Evans Porco et al. 2002.
- ^ a b c d Burns Simonelli et al. 2004.
- ^ a b c d Thomas Burns et al. 1998.
- ^ a b Nicholson, S. B. (1938). "Two New Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 50: pp.292–293. Bibcode:1938PASP...50..292N. doi:10.1086/124963.
{{cite journal}}
:|pages=
has extra text (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h Jacobson, R. A. (2000). "The Orbits of Outer Jovian Satellites". Astronomical Journal. 120 (5): pp.2679–2686. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.2679J. doi:10.1086/316817.
{{cite journal}}
:|pages=
has extra text (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL (Solar System Dynamics). 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
- ^ US Space Command (March 1, 2001). "Reentry Assessment - US Space Command Fact Sheet". SpaceRef Interactive. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
- ^ a b World Geodetic System (WGS-84). Available online from National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.
- ^ a b Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Paige, David A.; Wood, Stephen E. (19 February 1999). "Near-Surface Temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits" (PDF). Icarus. 141: 179–193. Bibcode:1999Icar..141..179V. doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6175. Figure 3 with the "TWO model"; Figure 5 for pole.
- ^ Jean Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms (Richmond, Virginia: Willmann-Bell, 1998) p271. Bretagnon's complete VSOP87 model. It gives the 17th @ 18.283075301au. http://vo.imcce.fr/webservices/miriade/?forms Archived 7 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine IMCCE Observatoire de Paris / CNRS Calculated for a series of dates, five or ten days apart, in August 2050, using an interpolation formula from Astronomical Algorithms. Perihelion came very early on the 17th. INPOP planetary theory
- ^ "HORIZONS Planet-center Batch call for August 2050 Perihelion". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov (Perihelion for Uranus planet-center (799) occurs on 2050-Aug-19 at 18.28307512au during a rdot flip from negative to positive). NASA/JPL. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
- ^ de Pater, Imke; Lissauer, Jack J. (2015). Planetary Sciences (2nd updated ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0521853712. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ "Uranian". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Irwin, Patrick G. J.; et al. (23 April 2018). "Detection of hydrogen sulfide above the clouds in Uranus's atmosphere" (PDF). Nature Astronomy. 2 (5): 420–427. Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..420I. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0432-1. hdl:2381/42547. S2CID 102775371. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.