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{{Short description|Bashkir activist}} |
{{Short description|Bashkir activist (born 1986)}} |
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{{Current related||2024 Bashkortostan protests|date=January 2024}} |
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{{expand Russian|date=January 2024|topic=bio}} |
{{expand Russian|date=January 2024|topic=bio}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} |
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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| name = Fail Alsynov |
| name = Fail Alsynov |
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| image = |
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| caption = |
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| native_name = {{nobold|Фаил |
| native_name = {{nobold|{{native name|ba|Фаил Алсынов}}}} |
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| native_name_lang = ba |
| native_name_lang = ba |
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|12|7}} |
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|12|7|df=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[Yuldybayevo, Zilairsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan|Yuldybayevo]], [[Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Bashkir ASSR]], [[Russian SFSR]], Soviet Union |
| birth_place = [[Yuldybayevo, Zilairsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan|Yuldybayevo]], [[Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Bashkir ASSR]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] |
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| death_date = |
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| nationality = [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] |
| nationality = [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] |
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| other_names = |
| other_names = |
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| citizenship = |
| citizenship = Russia |
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| alma_mater = [[Bashkir State University]] |
| alma_mater = [[Bashkir State University]] |
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| occupation = [[ |
| occupation = [[Activist]], [[public figure]] |
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'''Fail Fattakhovich Alsynov''' |
'''Fail Fattakhovich Alsynov''' ({{Lang-ba|Фаил Фәттәх улы Алсынов|translit=Fail Fättäx ulı Alsınov}}; {{Lang-ru|Фаиль Фаттахович Алсынов}}; born 7 December 1986) is a [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] nationalist and local political activist<ref>{{Cite web |title='Freedom for Fail Alsynov!' Why a Bashkir activist's prosecution was enough to spark major protests in 2024's Russia |url=https://meduza.io/en/feature/2024/01/19/freedom-for-fail-alsynov |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=Meduza |language=en |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131020906/https://meduza.io/en/feature/2024/01/19/freedom-for-fail-alsynov |url-status=live }}</ref> known for his advocacy for nature protection, ethnic identity, and language preservation in [[Bashkortostan]]. |
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In January 2024, his |
In January 2024, his four-year prison sentence triggered [[2024 Bashkortostan protests|widespread protests]] in the town of [[Baymak]], drawing the participation of several thousand people.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |last1=Greenall |first1=Robert |title=Russia protest: Crowds clash with riot police as activist jailed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68006123 |agency=BBC |date=17 January 2024 |access-date=19 January 2024 |archive-date=18 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118150936/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68006123 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Russia protest: crowds clash with riot police as activist jailed – video |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2024/jan/17/russia-protest-riot-police-bashkortostan-fail-alsynov-video |access-date=18 January 2024 |agency=Reuters |work=The Guardian |archive-date=17 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117210136/https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2024/jan/17/russia-protest-riot-police-bashkortostan-fail-alsynov-video |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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== |
== Early life and career == |
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Born on 7 December 1986 in the village of [[Yuldybayevo|Yuldybaevo]], Alsynov later pursued his education in the field of history at [[Bashkir State University]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Melnikova |first=Irina |date=16 January 2024 |title=От Куштау до Баймака. Кто такой Фаиль Алсынов* и против чего он выступает? |url=https://prufy.ru/news/society/145391-ot_kushtau_do_baymaka_kto_takoy_fail_alsynov_i_protiv_chego_on_vystupaet/ |access-date=7 February 2024 |website=Prufy.ru}}</ref> |
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Fail Alsynov was born on December 7, 1986 in the village of [[Yuldybayevo, Zilairsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan|Yuldybaevo]]. He has two brothers and one sister. |
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Commencing his activism in 2008, Alsynov swiftly emerged as a key figure in nature protection demonstrations within the Republic of Bashkortostan. Besides his notable role in environmental advocacy, he is also renowned as one of the leading proponents for safeguarding the [[Bashkir language]] and preserving the cultural heritage of the Bashkir people.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Latypova |first=Leyla |date=2024-01-18 |title=Explainer: How an Activist's Arrest Sparked Protests in Russia's Bashkortostan |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/01/18/explainer-how-an-activists-arrest-sparked-protests-in-russias-bashkortostan-a83762 |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en}}</ref> |
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Alsynov received his education at [[Bashkir State University]]. |
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Alsynov gained notoriety through his 2020 campaign opposing limestone mining in [[Kushtau]], a site held sacred by Bashkirs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-19 |title=Protests spread in rural Russia in support of jailed activist |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/protests-rural-russia-ufa-bashkortostan-fayil-alsynov-jailed-activist/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> This activism significantly boosted his recognition, particularly within Bashkir circles. As he vocally opposed the mining activities, his influence expanded, capturing the attention of a wider audience.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== Activism == |
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Alsynov regularly participates in demonstrations for nature protection in the republic of Bashkortostan. He also advocated for the preservation of the [[Bashkir language]]. |
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=== Opposition to Russian invasion of Ukraine === |
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In connection with the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], he criticized the [[2022 Russian mobilization|2022 military mobilization]] as [[genocide]] of the [[Bashkirs|Bashkir people]], saying that the war in Ukraine "was not our war." For a long time, there have been claims that Russia is sending a disproportionate number of men from [[Ethnic groups in Russia|ethnic minorities]] to fight in Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Latypova |first1=Leyla |title=Ethnic Minorities Hit Hardest By Russia's Mobilization, Activists Say |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/09/27/ethnic-minorities-hit-hardest-by-russias-mobilization-activists-say-a78879 |work=The Moscow Times |date=27 September 2022 |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928223759/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/09/27/ethnic-minorities-hit-hardest-by-russias-mobilization-activists-say-a78879 |url-status=live }}</ref> Alsynov was fined for "inciting hatred" after using the phrase "qara halyq", a Bashkir expression for "ordinary people"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coalson |first=Robert |date=2024-01-22 |title=Bashkortostan Protests Peel Back The Layers Of Authoritarian Politics In Putin's Russia |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-bashkortostan-protests-layers-authoritarianism/32783972.html |access-date=2024-01-26 |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref>, that translates into Russian as "black people"<ref name="Barron's">{{cite news |title=Russia Jails Bashkir Activist For Four Years After Protest |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/russia-jails-bashkir-activist-for-four-years-after-protest-7d9bfd22 |work=Barron's |date=17 January 2024}}</ref>. |
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In response to the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022]], Alsynov voiced strong criticism against the mobilization in Russia, emphasizing potential detriments to the Bashkir people. Specifically, in December 2022, Alsynov took to Russian social network VKontakte, characterizing the Kremlin's "partial" military mobilization as a "genocide of the Bashkir peoples". This post led to a $113 fine for Alsynov for violating Russia's wartime censorship laws.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Latypova |first=Leyla |date=2024-01-17 |title=Russia Jails Prominent Bashkir Activist 4 Years Amid Mass Regional Protests |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/01/17/russia-jails-prominent-bashkir-activist-4-years-a83747 |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en}}</ref> |
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Alsynov's viewpoint resonated with concerns that Russia might be deploying a disproportionate number of men from indigenous ethnic groups, including Bashkirs, to fight in the war against Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Latypova |first1=Leyla |title=Ethnic Minorities Hit Hardest By Russia's Mobilization, Activists Say |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/09/27/ethnic-minorities-hit-hardest-by-russias-mobilization-activists-say-a78879 |work=The Moscow Times |date=27 September 2022 |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928223759/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/09/27/ethnic-minorities-hit-hardest-by-russias-mobilization-activists-say-a78879 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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He is an ex-deputy chairman of the Bashkir nationalist organization ''{{ill|Kuk-Bure|ru|Кук-Буре|uk|Кук Буре}}'' and the ex-leader of the Bashkir public organization ''{{ill|Bashkort (organization)|lt=Bashkort|ru|Башкирская общественная организация «Башкорт»|uk|Башкорт}}'', which aimed to preserve the ethnic identity of the Bashkirs. The movement was banned as extremist in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4079976 |title=Фаиль Алчинов покинул пост главы движения "Башкорт" |trans-title=Fail Alchinov left the post of head of the Bashkort movement |language=ru |website=Коммерсантъ |date=2019-09-02 |access-date=2024-01-17 |archive-date=2024-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117075819/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4079976 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also a participant of the {{ill|2020 Kushtau protests|ru|Протесты на Куштау|uk|Протести на Куштау}}.<ref name=":0">{{cite book | author = {{nobr|Габбасов Р.С}} | title = Записки башкирского националиста. Кук-Буре |trans-title=Notes of a Bashkir nationalist. | location= Уфа |date = 2023 }}</ref> |
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In April 2023, he took part in protests in the village Ishmurzino in Baymak district Bashkortostan against geological exploration in the village on the ridge Irendyk. |
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In April 2023, Alsynov actively participated in protests against illegal mining in the [[Baymaksky District|Baymaksky district]], delivering a speech that would later become the foundation for the criminal case against him. |
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In a complaint personally lodged by [[Radiy Khabirov]], the head of Bashkortostan, authorities alleged that during the protest, Alsynov made disparaging remarks about migrant workers from the [[Caucasus]] and [[Central Asia]], accusing him of "violating" their "human dignity" by referring to them as "black people".<ref name=":0" /> |
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=== Impact === |
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In 2023, the [[Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan|Head of Bashkortostan]], [[Radiy Khabirov]], asked deputies of the local parliament to submit a bill to the [[State Duma]] proposing to transfer to Russian regions the authority to issue licenses for the [[Gold extraction|extraction of gold]] using the loose method, worrying about the ecology and health of the region’s residents. “For quite a long time we have been concerned about the situation with [[gold mining]] in a number of areas of the Trans-Urals using the alluvial method. Residents of the republic and heads of municipalities learn that a license for gold mining has been issued when the first equipment appears. And people are very outraged by this. I propose something that concerns specifically the issuance of licenses for the extraction of gold using the loose method, and this is sometimes the most barbaric method of unscrupulous licensees... I ask you to come up with a proposal to transfer these powers to the level of the [[Federal subjects of Russia|constituent entities of Russia]], in this case, to our republic. “Really, I can’t say it any other way,” I’m tired of it all,” Khabirov said.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VK.com {{!}} VK |url=https://m.vk.com/wall-180700711_301799?ysclid=lrnjyhi0rs764476890 |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=m.vk.com}}</ref> |
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Alsynov vehemently denied these charges, asserting that his speech had been mistranslated from the Bashkir language by a linguistic expert affiliated with the government. According to Alsynov, the linguistic misinterpretation significantly distorted the intended meaning of his statements. An anonymous independent linguistic assessment published by his supporters confirmed that the idiom “kara halyk” used by Alsynov is used in Bashkir and other Turkic languages to refer to “groups of people engaged in unskilled, hard labor.”<ref name=":1" /> |
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Authorities began prosecuting Alsynov when [[Radiy Khabirov]], who heads the republic, personally filed a complaint about him, <ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of protesters clash with police in Russian republic of Bashkortostan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/17/hundreds-of-protesters-clash-with-police-in-russian-republic-of-bashkortostan |agency=AP |work=The Guardian |date=2024-01-17 |access-date=2024-01-19 |archive-date=2024-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119024600/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/17/hundreds-of-protesters-clash-with-police-in-russian-republic-of-bashkortostan |url-status=live }}</ref> claiming that Alsynov had insulted people from other nationalities from Central Asia and the Caucasus in his speech at a rally held in April 2023 protesting mining in Bashkir Zauralya. Alsynov rejected Khabirov's accusations, insisting that the speech had been mistranslated from [[Bashkir language|Bashkir]].<ref name="Barron's"/> Alsynov's supporters believe that the authorities are taking revenge on him for thwarting plans to mine soda from [[Kushtau|Mount Kushtau]], where a nature reserve has since been declared. The case came to court in January 2024. |
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Furthermore, Alsynov stated that he did not suggest that non-Bashkirs had no right to live or work in the republic. Instead, he emphasized he meant that Bashkirs must protect their native lands, as it constituted their only place of residence. This clarification aimed to provide context to his statements and challenge the interpretation presented by the authorities, forming a crucial part of his defense.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Several thousand people rallied in defense of Alsynov and awaited the verdict outside the courthouse in the town of Baymak. The crowd then chanted "Freedom!", "Shame!" and "Fail, we are with you!" The demonstration escalated into clashes with police, who used tear gas and beat demonstrators with batons.<ref name="BBC" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chernova |first1=Anna |title=Russian riot police clash with protesters after activist sentenced |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/01/17/europe/russia-riot-police-protest-bashkortostan-intl/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=2024-01-17 |access-date=2024-01-19 |archive-date=2024-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118214230/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/01/17/europe/russia-riot-police-protest-bashkortostan-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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=== Arrest and protests === |
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The court found Alsynov guilty of spreading hatred in 2023 at a demonstration against gold mining in the [[Volga region]] and sentenced him to four years in prison.<ref>{{cite news |title=Police Violently Disperse Thousands Protesting Russian Bashkir Activist's Jailing |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/bashkortostan-activist-sentenced-protest-russia/32778008.html |publisher=RFE/RL |date=2024-01-17 |access-date=2024-01-19 |archive-date=2024-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118190539/https://www.rferl.org/a/bashkortostan-activist-sentenced-protest-russia/32778008.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Alsynov plans to appeal the sentence.<ref name="BBC"/> |
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On 17 January 2024, Alsynov was sentenced to a four-year prison term, [[2024 Bashkortostan protests|triggering protests]] outside the court building in the town of [[Baymak]] where the proceedings took place. With an estimated 3,000 participants demonstrating against Alsynov's sentence, these protests marked one of the largest public gatherings in Russia since the onset of its invasion of Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Protest turns violent as activist jailed in Russia's Bashkortostan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/17/protest-turns-violent-as-activist-jailed-in-russias-bashkortostan |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> |
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Police deployed tear gas to disperse the demonstrators, causing injuries to 40 protesters. Additionally, six people were jailed.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-17 |title=Russia: Protestors clash with riot police as activist Fail Alsynov jailed in Bashkortostan |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/01/17/protesters-clash-with-russian-police-after-activist-jailed_6440693_4.html |access-date=2024-02-07 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=en}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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*[[ |
* [[Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Separatism in Russia]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Separatists in Russia}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Alsynov, Fail}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alsynov, Fail}} |
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[[Category:Bashkir people]] |
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[[Category:Russian historians]] |
[[Category:Russian historians]] |
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[[Category:Bashkir State University alumni]] |
[[Category:Bashkir State University alumni]] |
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[[Category:Russian political prisoners]] |
[[Category:Russian political prisoners]] |
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[[Category:Russian prisoners and detainees]] |
[[Category:Russian prisoners and detainees]] |
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[[Category:Russian dissidents]] |
[[Category:Russian dissidents]] |
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[[Category:Russian activists |
[[Category:Russian activists]] |
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Revision as of 15:27, 30 August 2024
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (January 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Fail Alsynov | |
|---|---|
Фаил Алсынов (Bashkir) | |
| Born | 7 December 1986 |
| Nationality | Bashkir |
| Citizenship | Russia |
| Alma mater | Bashkir State University |
| Occupation(s) | Activist, public figure |
Fail Fattakhovich Alsynov (Bashkir: Фаил Фәттәх улы Алсынов, romanized: Fail Fättäx ulı Alsınov; Russian: Фаиль Фаттахович Алсынов; born 7 December 1986) is a Bashkir nationalist and local political activist[1] known for his advocacy for nature protection, ethnic identity, and language preservation in Bashkortostan.
In January 2024, his four-year prison sentence triggered widespread protests in the town of Baymak, drawing the participation of several thousand people.[2][3]
Early life and career
Born on 7 December 1986 in the village of Yuldybaevo, Alsynov later pursued his education in the field of history at Bashkir State University.[4]
Commencing his activism in 2008, Alsynov swiftly emerged as a key figure in nature protection demonstrations within the Republic of Bashkortostan. Besides his notable role in environmental advocacy, he is also renowned as one of the leading proponents for safeguarding the Bashkir language and preserving the cultural heritage of the Bashkir people.[5]
Alsynov gained notoriety through his 2020 campaign opposing limestone mining in Kushtau, a site held sacred by Bashkirs.[6] This activism significantly boosted his recognition, particularly within Bashkir circles. As he vocally opposed the mining activities, his influence expanded, capturing the attention of a wider audience.[5]
Opposition to Russian invasion of Ukraine
In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Alsynov voiced strong criticism against the mobilization in Russia, emphasizing potential detriments to the Bashkir people. Specifically, in December 2022, Alsynov took to Russian social network VKontakte, characterizing the Kremlin's "partial" military mobilization as a "genocide of the Bashkir peoples". This post led to a $113 fine for Alsynov for violating Russia's wartime censorship laws.[7]
Alsynov's viewpoint resonated with concerns that Russia might be deploying a disproportionate number of men from indigenous ethnic groups, including Bashkirs, to fight in the war against Ukraine.[8]
Criminal prosecution
In April 2023, Alsynov actively participated in protests against illegal mining in the Baymaksky district, delivering a speech that would later become the foundation for the criminal case against him.
In a complaint personally lodged by Radiy Khabirov, the head of Bashkortostan, authorities alleged that during the protest, Alsynov made disparaging remarks about migrant workers from the Caucasus and Central Asia, accusing him of "violating" their "human dignity" by referring to them as "black people".[5]
Alsynov vehemently denied these charges, asserting that his speech had been mistranslated from the Bashkir language by a linguistic expert affiliated with the government. According to Alsynov, the linguistic misinterpretation significantly distorted the intended meaning of his statements. An anonymous independent linguistic assessment published by his supporters confirmed that the idiom “kara halyk” used by Alsynov is used in Bashkir and other Turkic languages to refer to “groups of people engaged in unskilled, hard labor.”[7]
Furthermore, Alsynov stated that he did not suggest that non-Bashkirs had no right to live or work in the republic. Instead, he emphasized he meant that Bashkirs must protect their native lands, as it constituted their only place of residence. This clarification aimed to provide context to his statements and challenge the interpretation presented by the authorities, forming a crucial part of his defense.[5]
Arrest and protests
On 17 January 2024, Alsynov was sentenced to a four-year prison term, triggering protests outside the court building in the town of Baymak where the proceedings took place. With an estimated 3,000 participants demonstrating against Alsynov's sentence, these protests marked one of the largest public gatherings in Russia since the onset of its invasion of Ukraine.[9]
Police deployed tear gas to disperse the demonstrators, causing injuries to 40 protesters. Additionally, six people were jailed.[5][10]
See also
References
- ^ "'Freedom for Fail Alsynov!' Why a Bashkir activist's prosecution was enough to spark major protests in 2024's Russia". Meduza. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
- ^ Greenall, Robert (17 January 2024). "Russia protest: Crowds clash with riot police as activist jailed". BBC. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ "Russia protest: crowds clash with riot police as activist jailed – video". The Guardian. Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
- ^ Melnikova, Irina (16 January 2024). "От Куштау до Баймака. Кто такой Фаиль Алсынов* и против чего он выступает?". Prufy.ru. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Latypova, Leyla (18 January 2024). "Explainer: How an Activist's Arrest Sparked Protests in Russia's Bashkortostan". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- ^ "Protests spread in rural Russia in support of jailed activist". POLITICO. 19 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- ^ a b Latypova, Leyla (17 January 2024). "Russia Jails Prominent Bashkir Activist 4 Years Amid Mass Regional Protests". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- ^ Latypova, Leyla (27 September 2022). "Ethnic Minorities Hit Hardest By Russia's Mobilization, Activists Say". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ "Protest turns violent as activist jailed in Russia's Bashkortostan". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- ^ "Russia: Protestors clash with riot police as activist Fail Alsynov jailed in Bashkortostan". Le Monde.fr. 17 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
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