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{{Short description|Pacific tropical storm in 1990}}
{{Infobox Hurricane
{{infobox weather event
| Name=Tropical Storm Winona
| name = Tropical Storm Winona
| Type=tropical storm
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| image = Winona aug 10 1990 0424Z.jpg
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| Year=1990
| caption = Winona early on August 10
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| Basin=WPac
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| formed = {{start date|August 4, 1990}}
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| Image location=Winona aug 10 1990 0424Z.jpg
| Image name=Winona early on August 10
| extratropical = {{end date|August 11, 1990}}
| Formed={{start date|August 4, 1990}}
| dissipated = {{end date|August 14, 1990}}
}}{{infobox weather event/JMA
⚫
| Dissipated={{end date|August 14, 1990}}
⚫
| winds = 60
| Extratropical={{end date|August 11, 1990}}
| pressure = 975
| 1-min winds=65
}}{{infobox weather event/JTWC
⚫
| 10-min winds=60
| Pressure=975
| winds = 65
| pressure =
| Damages=60.3
⚫
| basin = WPac
⚫
| Fatalities=1 reported
}}{{infobox weather event/Effects
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| Areas=[[Japan]]
⚫
| year = 1990
⚫
| Hurricane season=[[1990 Pacific typhoon season]]
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| fatalities = 1 reported
| damage = 60300000
⚫
| areas = [[Japan]]
| refs =
}}{{infobox weather event/Footer
⚫
| season = [[1990 Pacific typhoon season]]
}}
}}
⚫
'''Tropical Storm Winona''' struck Japan during August 1990. An area of disturbed weather developed within the [[monsoon trough]] on August 4. Despite the presence of strong [[wind shear]], a tropical depression developed later that day. The depression initially tracked northeast, bypassing the southern tip of [[Kyushu]]. Thereafter, the depression turned southeast, and on August 6, was believed to have obtained tropical storm intensity. In response to a building [[subtropical ridge]] to its southeast, Winona veered north while gradually intensifying. On August 9, Winona peaked in intensity, and while near peak intensity, made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] in [[Shizuoka Prefecture]] early the following morning. Winona transitioned into an [[extratropical cyclone]] on August 11, and was last observed on August 14.


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'''Tropical Storm Winona''' struck [[Japan]] during August 1990. An area of disturbed weather developed within the [[monsoon trough]], located over the [[East China Sea]], on August 4. Despite the presence of strong [[wind shear]], a tropical depression developed later that day. The depression initially tracked northeast, bypassing the southern tip of [[Kyushu]]. Thereafter, the depression turned southeast, and on August 6, was believed to have obtained tropical storm intensity. In response to a building [[subtropical ridge]] to its southeast, Winona veered north while gradually intensifying. On August 9, Winona peaked in intensity, and while near peak intensity, made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] in [[Shizuoka Prefecture]] early the following morning. Winona transitioned into an [[extratropical cyclone]] on August 11, and was last observed on August 14.
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The tropical storm lashed the Japanese archipelago with heavy rains, strong winds, and waves up to {{convert|26|ft|m|abbr=on}} high. More than 60 scheduled domestic air flights between Tokyo and western Japan were delayed or cancelled. Inter-island ferry service was suspended due to the storm. A total of 110 trains were cancelled or delayed, which lead to 250,000 stranded passengers. Thirteen people suffered injuries, including three seriously. Seven reservoirs in [[Tokyo]] received more than 20,000,000 short tons (18,143,695 t) of water, which allowed authorities to lift restrictions on water use. Nearby, in Shizuoka Prefecture, 55 dwellings were flooded, resulting in 211 people homeless. Nationwide, over 400 roads were damaged and 43 landslides were reported. A total of 686 houses sustained flooding. In all, one fatality was attributed to the storm and damage was estimated at 8.74 billion yen or $60.3 million (1991 [[United States Dollar|USD]]).

⚫
The tropical storm lashed the Japanese archipelago with heavy rains, strong winds, and waves up to {{convert|26|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} high. More than 60 scheduled domestic air flights between Tokyo and western Japan were delayed or cancelled. Inter-island ferry service was suspended due to the storm. A total of 110 trains were cancelled or delayed, which led to 250,000 stranded passengers. Thirteen people suffered injuries, including three seriously. Seven reservoirs in [[Tokyo]] received more than 20,000,000 short tons (18,143,695 t) of water, which allowed authorities to lift restrictions on water use. Nearby, in Shizuoka Prefecture, 55 dwellings were flooded, resulting in 211 people homeless. Nationwide, over 400 roads were damaged and 43 landslides were reported. A total of 686 houses sustained flooding. In all, one fatality was attributed to the storm and damage was estimated at 8.74 billion yen or $60.3 million (1991 [[United States Dollar|USD]]).


==Meteorological history==
==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|Winona 1990 track.png}}
{{storm path|Winona 1990 track.png}}
Tropical Storm Winona originated from the [[monsoon trough]] that was displaced {{convert|550|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=5}} north of its climatological position.<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> An area of enhanced convection developed within the monsoon trough in the [[East China Sea]] at around 00:00 UTC on August 4. Six hours later, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) started tracking the system as a weak [[low-pressure area]] developed.<ref name="JTWC ATCR">{{cite report|title=Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1990|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1990atcr.pdf|author2=Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|accessdate=June 20, 2017|year=1992|format=[[PDF]]}}</ref> At 18:00 UTC, the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression.<ref name="JMA">{{cite report|author=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=October 10, 1992|title=RSMC Best Track Data – 1990–1999|accessdate=June 12, 2017|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst9099.txt|format=[[.TXT]]}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] is the official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Center]] for the western Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000|date=February 2001|accessdate=June 20, 2017|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf|page=3|format=PDF}}</ref>|group="nb"}}{{#tag:ref|Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are [[maximum sustained winds|sustained]] over 10&nbsp;minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1&nbsp;minute. 10&#8209;minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1&#8209;minute winds.<ref name="FAQD4">{{cite book|author=Christopher W Landsea|author2=Hurricane Research Division|title=Frequently Asked Questions:|chapter=Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?|accessdate=June 20, 2017|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E7.html|date=April 26, 2004}}</ref>|group="nb"}} At first, strong [[wind shear]] left the center to the north of persistent [[atmospheric convection|convection]]. Following a [[Dvorak technique|Dvorak classification]] of T1.0/{{convert|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on|disp=5|order=flip}}, the JTWC issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] (TCFA) at 11:00 UTC on August 5. Twenty four hours later, the JTWC started issuing warnings on the system, designating the system as a tropical depression, after the system's convection structure improved and thunderstorm activity increased in coverage.<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> The depression initially moved northeast,<ref name="BT">{{cite report|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1990/1990s-bwp/bwp121990.txt|title=Typhoon 12W Best Track|date=December 17, 2002|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|accessdate=June 20, 2017|format=TXT}}</ref> skirting past the southern tip of [[Kyushu]],<ref name="HKO">{{cite report|author1=[[Hong Kong Observatory]]|title=Meteorological Results: 1990|chapter=Part III – Tropical Cyclone Summaries|journal=Meteorological Results|year=1991|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/tc/tc1990.pdf|accessdate=June 20, 2017|pages=15|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|format=PDF}}</ref> only to turn southeast under the influence of the monsoonal flow.<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> On the evening of August 6, the JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm.<ref name="JMA" />
Tropical Storm Winona originated from a [[monsoon trough]] that was displaced {{convert|550|km|mi|abbr=on|round=5}} north of its climatological position.<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> An area of enhanced convection developed within the monsoon trough in the [[East China Sea]] around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;4. Six hours later, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) started tracking the system as a weak [[low-pressure area]] developed.<ref name="JTWC ATCR">{{cite report|title=Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1990|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1990atcr.pdf|author2=Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=June 20, 2017|year=1992|archive-date=October 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019075456/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1990atcr.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> At 18:00 UTC, the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression.<ref name="JMA">{{cite report|author=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=October 10, 1992|title=RSMC Best Track Data – 1990–1999|access-date=June 12, 2017|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst9099.txt|format=[[.TXT]]|archive-date=January 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122183440/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst9099.txt|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] is the official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Center]] for the western Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000|date=February 2001|access-date=June 20, 2017|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf|page=3}}</ref>|group="nb"}}{{#tag:ref|Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are [[maximum sustained winds|sustained]] over 10&nbsp;minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1&nbsp;minute. 10-minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1-minute winds.<ref name="FAQD4">{{cite book|author=Christopher W Landsea|author2=Hurricane Research Division|title=Frequently Asked Questions|chapter=Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?|access-date=June 20, 2017|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E7.html|date=April 26, 2004}}</ref>|group="nb"}} Initially, strong [[wind shear]] left the center to the north of persistent [[atmospheric convection|convection]]. Following a [[Dvorak technique|Dvorak classification]] of T1.0/{{convert|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}}, the JTWC issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] (TCFA) at 11:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;5. Twenty four hours later, the JTWC started issuing warnings on the system, designating the system as a tropical depression, after the system's convection structure improved and thunderstorm activity increased in coverage.<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> The depression initially moved northeast,<ref name="BT">{{cite report|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1990/1990s-bwp/bwp121990.txt|title=Typhoon 12W Best Track|date=December 17, 2002|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=June 20, 2017|format=TXT}}</ref> skirting past the southern tip of [[Kyushu]],<ref name="HKO">{{cite report|author1=Hong Kong Observatory|author-link=Hong Kong Observatory|title=Meteorological Results: 1990|chapter=Part III – Tropical Cyclone Summaries|journal=Meteorological Results|year=1991|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/tc/tc1990.pdf|access-date=June 20, 2017|pages=15|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory}}</ref> only to turn southeast under the influence of the monsoonal flow.<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> On the evening of August&nbsp;6, the JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm.<ref name="JMA" />


Winona was in between two [[subtropical ridge]]s - one in the [[Luzon Strait]] and one south of [[1990 Pacific typhoon season#Tropical Storm Vernon|Tropical Storm Vernon]]. Early on August 7, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical storm, [[tropical cyclone naming|naming]] it ''Winona''. Wind shear began to relax; consequently, the storm's low-level center moved under the deep convection. By 00:00 UTC on August 8, Winona abruptly turned north in response to a building ridge to its southeast. Strengthening was aided by the development of dual [[outflow (meteorology)|upper-level outflow channels]].<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> Early on August 8, the JMA reported that Winona strengthened into a [[tropical cyclone scales|severe tropical storm]].<ref name="IBTRACS">{{cite report|author1=Kenneth R. Knapp |author2=Michael C. Kruk |author3=David H. Levinson |author4=Howard J. Diamond |author5=Charles J. Neumann |year=2010|work=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data|title=1990 Winona (1990216N29125)|publisher=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|accessdate=June 20, 2017|url=http://www.atms.unca.edu/ibtracs/ibtracs_current/browse-ibtracs/index.php?name=v03r09-1990216N29125}}</ref> By this time, Winona was expected by both agencies to move over northeastern Japan, but Winona tracked further south than predicted, maintaining a northward course in the direction of [[Japan]].<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> At noon on August 9, the JMA estimated that Winona peaked in intensity with winds of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on|disp=5|order=flip}} and a [[barometric pressure]] of {{convert|975|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}. Meanwhile, the JTWC upgraded Winona into a typhoon, simultaneously, the agency estimated that the typhoon in peak intensity, with winds of {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on|disp=5|order=flip}}<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> over {{convert|330|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=5}} east-southeast of Tokyo.<ref name="HKO" /> Early on August 10, Winona made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] close to [[Hamamatsu, Japan|Hamamatsu]] near peak intensity. After landfall, it began to accelerate northeastward and by 12:00 UTC, Winona was embedded in the mid-latitude [[westerlies]] and started a transition into an [[extratropical cyclone]].<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> Eighteen hours later, at 06:00 UTC on August 11, the JMA declared Winona an [[extratropical cyclone]];<ref name="JMA" /> the JTWC followed suit several hours later.<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> On August 14, Winona ceased tracking the system.<ref name="JMA" />
Winona was in between two [[subtropical ridge]]s – one in the [[Luzon Strait]] and one south of [[1990 Pacific typhoon season#Tropical Storm Vernon|Tropical Storm Vernon]]. Early on August&nbsp;7, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical storm, [[tropical cyclone naming|naming]] it ''Winona''. Wind shear began to relax; consequently, the storm's low-level center moved under the deep convection. By 00:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;8, Winona abruptly turned north in response to a building ridge to its southeast. Strengthening was aided by the development of dual [[outflow (meteorology)|upper-level outflow channels]].<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> Early on August&nbsp;8, the JMA reported that Winona strengthened into a [[tropical cyclone scales|severe tropical storm]].<ref name="IBTRACS">{{cite report|author1=Kenneth R. Knapp |author2=Michael C. Kruk |author3=David H. Levinson |author4=Howard J. Diamond |author5=Charles J. Neumann |year=2010|work=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data|title=1990 Winona (1990216N29125)|publisher=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|access-date=June 20, 2017|url=http://www.atms.unca.edu/ibtracs/ibtracs_current/browse-ibtracs/index.php?name=v03r09-1990216N29125}}</ref> By this time, Winona was expected by both agencies to move over northeastern Japan, but Winona tracked further south than predicted, maintaining a northward course in the direction of [[Japan]].<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> At noon on August&nbsp;9, the JMA estimated that Winona peaked in intensity with winds of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}} and a [[barometric pressure]] of {{convert|975|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}. Meanwhile, the JTWC upgraded Winona into a typhoon; simultaneously, the agency estimated that the typhoon reached peak intensity, with winds of {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}}<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> over {{convert|330|km|mi|abbr=on|round=5}} east-southeast of Tokyo.<ref name="HKO" /> Early on August&nbsp;10, Winona made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] close to [[Hamamatsu, Japan|Hamamatsu]] near peak intensity. After landfall, it began to accelerate northeastward and by 12:00&nbsp;UTC, Winona was embedded in the mid-latitude [[westerlies]] and started a transition into an [[extratropical cyclone]].<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> Eighteen hours later, at 06:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;11, the JMA declared Winona an [[extratropical cyclone]];<ref name="JMA" /> the JTWC followed suit several hours later.<ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> On August&nbsp;14, the JMA ceased tracking the system.<ref name="JMA" />


==Impact==
==Impact==
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Tropical Storm Winona brought strong winds and heavy rains to the Japanese archipelago.<ref name="DT">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=Typhoon 199011 (WINONA) |url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=199011&basin=wnp&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=[[National Institute of Informatics]]|access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref> A peak rainfall total of {{convert|545|mm|in|abbr=on}} occurred in [[Hakone]],<ref name="DT2">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS HAKONE (46161) @ Typhoon 1990111|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=46161&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref> with {{convert|538|mm|in|abbr=on}} falling in a day.<ref name="DT" /> Meanwhile, a peak hourly total of {{convert|70|mm|in|abbr=on}} fell in [[Harunasan]].<ref name="DT3">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS HARUNASAN (42241) @ Typhoon 199011|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=42241&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref> A wind gust of {{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} was recorded on [[Mount Tsukuba]]san.<ref name="DT4">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS TSUKUBASAN (40243) @ Typhoon 199011|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=40243&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref> Offshore, waves up to {{convert|26|ft|m|abbr=on}} high were recorded.<ref name="UPI1">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Winona strikes Japan's main island|agency=United Press International|date=August 9, 1990}} {{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref>


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Due to stormy weather, more than 60&nbsp;scheduled domestic flights between Tokyo and western Japan were delayed or cancelled.<ref name="AP1" /> Inter-island ferry service was suspended.<ref name="UPI1" /> A total of 50&nbsp;trains were cancelled and 60&nbsp;others were delayed, which resulted in 250,000&nbsp;stranded passengers.<ref name="UPI2" /> Thirteen people suffered injuries,<ref name="AP1">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Rains Injure 13 Japanese|agency=Associated Press|date=August 10, 1990}} {{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref> including three seriously.<ref name="UPI1" /> More than 400&nbsp;roads were damaged<ref name="DT6" /><ref name="DT7" /><ref name="DT11" /><ref name="DT12" /><ref name="DT16" /><ref name="DT17" /> and 43&nbsp;landslides were reported. A total of 686&nbsp;houses sustained flooding.<ref name="AP1" /> One person was killed<ref name="DT8" /> and damage totaled 8.74&nbsp;billion yen ($60.3&nbsp;million [[United States Dollar|USD]]).<ref name="DT6" /><ref name="DT11" /><ref name="DT12" /><ref name="DT14" /><ref name="DT15" /><ref name="DT18" /><ref name="DT19" />{{#tag:ref|All currencies are converted from Japanese yen to United States Dollars using [https://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/exchangeglobal/result.php?year_source=1990&year_result=1990&countryE%5B%5D=Japan this] with an exchange rate of the year 1990.|group=nb}}{{#tag:ref|All damage totals are in 1990 values of their respective currencies.|group="nb"}}
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Tropical Storm Winona brought strong winds and heavy rains to the Japanese archipelago.<ref name="DT">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=Typhoon 199011 (WINONA) |url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=199011&basin=wnp&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=[[National Institute of Informatics]]|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> A peak rainfall total occurred of {{convert|545|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Hakone]],<ref name="DT2">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS HAKONE (46161) @ Typhoon 1990111|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=46161&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> with {{convert|538|mm|in|abbr=on}} falling in a day.<ref name="DT" /> Meanwhile, a peak hourly total of {{convert|70|mm|in|abbr=on}} fell in [[Harunasan]].<ref name="DT3">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS HARUNASAN (42241) @ Typhoon 199011|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=42241&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> A wind gust of {{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} was recorded on [[Mount Tsukuba|Mount Tsukubasan]].<ref name="DT4">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS TSUKUBASAN (40243) @ Typhoon 199011|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=40243&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> Offshore, waves up to {{convert|26|ft|m|abbr=on}} high were recorded.<ref name="UPI1">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Winona strikes Japan's main island|agency=United Press International|date=August 9, 1990}}</ref>

⚫
Due to stormy weather, more than 60 scheduled domestic air flights between Tokyo and western Japan were delayed or cancelled.<ref name="AP1" /> Inter-island ferry service was suspended.<ref name="UPI1" /> A total of 50 trains were cancelled and 60 others were delayed, which resulted in 250,000 stranded passengers.<ref name="UPI2" /> Thirteen people suffered injuries,<ref name="AP1">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Rains Injure 13 Japanese|agency=Associated Press|date=August 10, 1990}}</ref> including three seriously.<ref name="UPI1" /> More than 400 roads were damaged<ref name="DT6" /><ref name="DT7" /><ref name="DT11" /><ref name="DT12" /><ref name="DT16" /><ref name="DT17" /> and 43 landslides were reported. A total of 686 houses sustained flooding.<ref name="AP1" /> One person was killed<ref name="DT8" /> and damage totaled 8.74 billion yen ($60.3 million [[United States Dollar|USD]]).<ref name="DT6" /><ref name="DT11" /><ref name="DT12" /><ref name="DT14" /><ref name="DT15" /><ref name="DT18" /><ref name="DT19" />{{#tag:ref|All currencies are converted from Japanese yen to United States Dollars using [https://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/exchangeglobal/result.php?year_source=1990&year_result=1990&countryE%5B%5D=Japan this] with an exchange rate of the year 1990.|group=nb}}{{#tag:ref|All damage totals are in 1990 values of their respective currencies.|group="nb"}}
In [[Akita Prefecture]], authorities reported that twelve houses were damaged in [[Akita City]] while eight homes were damaged in [[Yokote, Akita|Yokote]], and there were two landslides.<ref name="DT5">{{cite report|first1=K itamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-582-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-582-07&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Passing over [[Shizuoka Prefecture]] with most of its former intensity, 8&nbsp;roads were closed and 28&nbsp;homes were damaged. A total of {{convert|77|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of rice as well as {{convert|212|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of vegetables were damaged, along with three agricultural facilities. Damage was estimated at 243.1&nbsp;million yen ($1.68&nbsp;million USD), but the extent was limited by the storm's fast forward motion.<ref name="DT6">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-590-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-590-07&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> A 54-year-old hotel owner broke a rib when gusty winds toppled a seaside structure in [[Shizuoka, Shizuoka|Shizuoka]].<ref name="UPI2">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Winona hits central Japan, injuring three|agency=United Press International|date=August 10, 1990}} {{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref> In [[Fukushima Prefecture]], seven homes were damaged in four towns, thirty-nine roads were closed, of which two were national highways. A total of 1,350&nbsp;households lost power, and power lines downed several trees. The towns of Nakakura and Yazukado suffered flooding.<ref name="DT7">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-595-04|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-595-04&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> One person was killed in [[Toyama Prefecture]].<ref name="DT8">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-607-18|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-607-18&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> A landslide closed two roads in [[Komagane, Nagano|Kmoagane]] in [[Nagano Prefecture]].<ref name="DT9">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-610-18|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-610-18&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Throughout the prefecture, 18&nbsp;dwellings sustained damage and 68&nbsp;trains were cancelled or delayed, resulting in 49,000&nbsp;stranded travelers.<ref name="DT10">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-610-19|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-610-19&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> In [[Tochigi Prefecture]], 141&nbsp;houses, 266&nbsp;roads, 284&nbsp;communication lines, and 6 bridges received damage, while 10&nbsp;homes were damaged and 23&nbsp;landslides occurred. River embankments were breached in 710&nbsp;locations while {{convert|221|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of arable land was damaged, totaling 89.5&nbsp;million yen ($617,000 USD). Damage there totaled to 1.32&nbsp;billion yen ($9.1&nbsp;million USD) and one person was hurt.<ref name="DT11">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-615-04|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-615-04&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> In [[Gunma Prefecture]], 26&nbsp;structures, 35&nbsp;roads, and {{convert|573|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of farmland were damaged. Prefecturewide, Winona inflicted 390.8&nbsp;million&nbsp;yen ($2.7&nbsp;million&nbsp;USD) in damage.<ref name="DT12">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-624-09|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-624-09&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Along coastal areas of [[Saitama Prefecture]], 60&nbsp;houses were damaged, {{convert|158|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of crops were damaged, 30 traffic accidents occurred, and five landslides were reported.<ref name="DT13">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-626-11|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-626-11&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> In [[Ibaraki Prefecture]], the storm dropped heavy rainfall, which resulted in four downed power lines, while one individual was injured.<ref name="DT20">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-629-04|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-629-04&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Damage in [[Yamanashi Prefecture]] totaled 6.62&nbsp;billion yen ($45.7&nbsp;million USD), including 4.80&nbsp;billion yen ($33.1&nbsp;million USD) in property damage.<ref name="DT14">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-638-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-638-07&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> To the southeast of [[Tokyo]], in [[Chiba Prefecture]], 35&nbsp;dwellings were damaged, and damage amounted to 3&nbsp;million yen ($20,000 USD).<ref name="DT15">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-648-11|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-648-11&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Two people were hurt, a 56-year-old fractured his leg and a 78-year-old female fell due to strong winds, six embankments were breached, and thirty-two roads sustained damage.<ref name="DT16">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-648-12|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-648-12&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> In [[Shizuoka Prefecture]], the prefecture where the storm moved onshore, the heavy rainfall damaged 541&nbsp;homes, destroyed 55&nbsp;others, and triggered 13&nbsp;landslides, which resulted in 12&nbsp;damaged roads and 21&nbsp;people homeless.<ref name="DT17">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-656-14|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-656-14&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> The capital city of Tokyo was lashed with strong winds and heavy rain for several hours, with damage estimated at 34.9&nbsp;million yen ($241,000 USD).<ref name="DT18">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-662-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-662-07&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Seven reservoirs in Tokyo received more than {{convert|20,000,000|ST|MT|abbr=on|round=5}} of water; the reservoirs reached 36% capacity, which prompted officials to lift restrictions on water use that were enacted following a drought.<ref name="AP1" /> Ten homes were flooded and damage totaled 128.5&nbsp;million yen ($886,000 USD) in [[Kanagawa Prefecture]]. Seven people were wounded, mostly due to gusty winds.<ref name="DT19">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-662-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-670-06&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> The cyclone forced the first two days of the [[NEC Karuizawa 72|Karuizawa 72 Tokyu Ladies Open]] to be shortened.<ref name="AP2">{{cite news|title=Sports News|agency=Associated Press|date=August 11, 1990}} {{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref>
In [[Akita Prefecture]], authorities reported that twelve houses flooded on the floor in [[Akita City]], eight homes were flooded in [[Yokote, Akita|Yokote]], and there were two landslides.<ref name="DT5">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-582-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-582-07&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Passing over [[Shizuoka Prefecture]] with most of its former intensity, eight roads were closed, 28 homes were damaged, damage totaled 243.1 million yen ($1.68 million USD), {{convert|77|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of rice as well as {{convert|212|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of vegetables were damaged, along with three agricultural facilities. However, the storm's fast forward motion limited the extent of the damage.<ref name="DT6">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-590-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-590-07&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> A 54-year-old hotel owner broke a rib when heavy winds toppled a seaside in [[Shizuoka]].<ref name="UPI2">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Winona hits central Japan, injuring three|agency=United Press International|date=August 10, 1990}}</ref> In [[Fukushima Prefecture]], seven homes were damaged, seven buildings were flooded in four towns, thirty-nine roads were closed, of which two were national highways. A total of 1,350 households lost power, and power lines downed several trees. The towns of Nakakura and Yazukado suffered flooding.<ref name="DT7">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=
1990-595-04|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-595-04&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> One person was killed in [[Toyama Prefecture]].<ref name="DT8">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=
1990-607-18|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-607-18&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> A landslide closed two roads in [[Komagane, Nagano|Kmoagane]] in [[Nagano Prefecture]].<ref name="DT9">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=
1990-610-18|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-610-18&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Throughout the prefecture, 18 dwellings sustained flooding and 68 trains were cancelled or delayed, causing 49,000 passengers to be stranded.<ref name="DT10">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=
1990-610-19|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-610-19&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> In [[Tochigi Prefecture]], 151 structures were flooded, 23 landslides occurred, 266 roads, 284 communication lines, and six bridges received damage. River embankments were breached in 710 locations while {{convert|221|ha|acre|abbr-on}} of arable land was damaged, totaling 89.5 million yen ($617,000 USD). Damage there totaled to 1.32 billion yen ($9.1 million USD) and one person was hurt.<ref name="DT11">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=
1990-615-04|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-615-04&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> In [[Gunma Prefecture]], 26 structures received flooding, 35 roads, and {{convert|573|ha|acre|abbr=on}} were damaged. Prefecturewide, Winona inflicted 390.8 million yen ($2.7 million USD) in damage.<ref name="DT12">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=
1990-624-09|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-624-09&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Along coastal areas of [[Saitama Prefecture]], 60 structures were flooded, {{convert|158|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of crops were damaged, 30 traffic accidents occurred, and five landslides were reported.<ref name="DT13">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=
1990-626-11|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-626-11&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> In [[Ibaraki Prefecture]], the storm dropped heavy rainfall, which resulted in four power lines being downed, while one individual was injured.<ref name="DT20">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-629-04|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-629-04&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Damage in [[Yamanashi Prefecture]] totaled 6.62 billion yen ($45.7 million USD), including 4.80 billion yen ($33.1 million USD) in property damage.<ref name="DT14">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-638-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-638-07&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> To the southeast of [[Tokyo]], in [[Chiba Prefecture]], 35 dwellings were underwater, and damage amounted to 3 million yen ($20,000 USD).<ref name="DT15">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-648-11|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-648-11&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Two people were hurt, a 56-year-old fractured his leg and a 78-year old female fell due to strong winds, six embankments were breached, and 32 roads sustained damage.<ref name="DT16">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-648-12|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-648-12&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> In [[Shizuoka Prefecture]], the prefecture where the storm moved onshore, the heavy rainfall caused flooding to 55 houses and 13 landslides, which resulted in 12 damaged roads and 211 people homeless.<ref name="DT17">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-656-14|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-656-14&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> The capital city of Tokyo was lashed with strong winds and heavy rain for several hours, with damage estimated at 34.9 million yen ($241,000 USD).<ref name="DT18">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=
1990-662-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-662-07&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Seven reservoirs in Tokyo received more than {{convert|20,000,000|ST|MT|abbr=on|disp=5}} of water; the reservoirs reached 36% capacity, which allowed authorities to lift restrictions on water use that were enacted following a drought.<ref name="AP1" /> Ten homes were flooded and damage totaled 128.5 million yen ($886,000 USD) in [[Kanagawa Prefecture]]. Seven people were wounded, mostly due to gusty winds.<ref name="DT19">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|language=Japanese|title=1990-662-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1990-670-06&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> The cyclone forced the first two days of the [[NEC Karuizawa 72|Karuizawa 72 Tokyu Ladies Open]] to be shortened.<ref name="AP2">{{cite news|title=Sports News|agency=Associated Press|date=August 11, 1990}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
*[[Typhoon Thad (1981)]]
*[[Typhoon Thad (1981)]]



==Notes==
==Notes==
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{{1990 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
{{1990 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}


{{Good article}}
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[[Category:1990 Pacific typhoon season|W]]

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[[Category:Typhoons in Japan|W]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Winona}}
[[Category:1990 in Japan|W]]
[[Category:Western Pacific severe tropical storms|W]]
[[Category:1990 Pacific typhoon season]]
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[[Category:Typhoons in Japan]]
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[[Category:1990 in Japan]]
[[Category:Western Pacific severe tropical storms]]

Latest revision as of 01:05, 7 September 2024

Tropical Storm Winona
Winona early on August 10
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 4, 1990 (August 4, 1990)
ExtratropicalAugust 11, 1990 (August 11, 1990)
DissipatedAugust 14, 1990 (August 14, 1990)
Severe tropical storm
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds110 km/h (70 mph)
Lowest pressure975 hPa (mbar); 28.79 inHg
Category 1-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds120 km/h (75 mph)
Overall effects
Fatalities1 reported
Damage$60.3 million (1990 USD)
Areas affectedJapan
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 1990 Pacific typhoon season

Tropical Storm Winona struck Japan during August 1990. An area of disturbed weather developed within the monsoon trough, located over the East China Sea, on August 4. Despite the presence of strong wind shear, a tropical depression developed later that day. The depression initially tracked northeast, bypassing the southern tip of Kyushu. Thereafter, the depression turned southeast, and on August 6, was believed to have obtained tropical storm intensity. In response to a building subtropical ridge to its southeast, Winona veered north while gradually intensifying. On August 9, Winona peaked in intensity, and while near peak intensity, made landfall in Shizuoka Prefecture early the following morning. Winona transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on August 11, and was last observed on August 14.

The tropical storm lashed the Japanese archipelago with heavy rains, strong winds, and waves up to 7.9 m (26 ft) high. More than 60 scheduled domestic air flights between Tokyo and western Japan were delayed or cancelled. Inter-island ferry service was suspended due to the storm. A total of 110 trains were cancelled or delayed, which led to 250,000 stranded passengers. Thirteen people suffered injuries, including three seriously. Seven reservoirs in Tokyo received more than 20,000,000 short tons (18,143,695 t) of water, which allowed authorities to lift restrictions on water use. Nearby, in Shizuoka Prefecture, 55 dwellings were flooded, resulting in 211 people homeless. Nationwide, over 400 roads were damaged and 43 landslides were reported. A total of 686 houses sustained flooding. In all, one fatality was attributed to the storm and damage was estimated at 8.74 billion yen or $60.3 million (1991 USD).

Meteorological history

[edit]
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Tropical Storm Winona originated from a monsoon trough that was displaced 550 km (340 mi) north of its climatological position.[1] An area of enhanced convection developed within the monsoon trough in the East China Sea around 00:00 UTC on August 4. Six hours later, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started tracking the system as a weak low-pressure area developed.[1] At 18:00 UTC, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression.[2][nb 1][nb 2] Initially, strong wind shear left the center to the north of persistent convection. Following a Dvorak classification of T1.0/50 km/h (30 mph), the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) at 11:00 UTC on August 5. Twenty four hours later, the JTWC started issuing warnings on the system, designating the system as a tropical depression, after the system's convection structure improved and thunderstorm activity increased in coverage.[1] The depression initially moved northeast,[5] skirting past the southern tip of Kyushu,[6] only to turn southeast under the influence of the monsoonal flow.[1] On the evening of August 6, the JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm.[2]

Winona was in between two subtropical ridges – one in the Luzon Strait and one south of Tropical Storm Vernon. Early on August 7, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical storm, naming it Winona. Wind shear began to relax; consequently, the storm's low-level center moved under the deep convection. By 00:00 UTC on August 8, Winona abruptly turned north in response to a building ridge to its southeast. Strengthening was aided by the development of dual upper-level outflow channels.[1] Early on August 8, the JMA reported that Winona strengthened into a severe tropical storm.[7] By this time, Winona was expected by both agencies to move over northeastern Japan, but Winona tracked further south than predicted, maintaining a northward course in the direction of Japan.[1] At noon on August 9, the JMA estimated that Winona peaked in intensity with winds of 115 km/h (70 mph) and a barometric pressure of 975 mbar (28.8 inHg). Meanwhile, the JTWC upgraded Winona into a typhoon; simultaneously, the agency estimated that the typhoon reached peak intensity, with winds of 120 km/h (75 mph)[1] over 330 km (205 mi) east-southeast of Tokyo.[6] Early on August 10, Winona made landfall close to Hamamatsu near peak intensity. After landfall, it began to accelerate northeastward and by 12:00 UTC, Winona was embedded in the mid-latitude westerlies and started a transition into an extratropical cyclone.[1] Eighteen hours later, at 06:00 UTC on August 11, the JMA declared Winona an extratropical cyclone;[2] the JTWC followed suit several hours later.[1] On August 14, the JMA ceased tracking the system.[2]

Impact

[edit]

Tropical Storm Winona brought strong winds and heavy rains to the Japanese archipelago.[8] A peak rainfall total of 545 mm (21.5 in) occurred in Hakone,[9] with 538 mm (21.2 in) falling in a day.[8] Meanwhile, a peak hourly total of 70 mm (2.8 in) fell in Harunasan.[10] A wind gust of 45 km/h (28 mph) was recorded on Mount Tsukubasan.[11] Offshore, waves up to 26 ft (7.9 m) high were recorded.[12]

Due to stormy weather, more than 60 scheduled domestic flights between Tokyo and western Japan were delayed or cancelled.[13] Inter-island ferry service was suspended.[12] A total of 50 trains were cancelled and 60 others were delayed, which resulted in 250,000 stranded passengers.[14] Thirteen people suffered injuries,[13] including three seriously.[12] More than 400 roads were damaged[15][16][17][18][19][20] and 43 landslides were reported. A total of 686 houses sustained flooding.[13] One person was killed[21] and damage totaled 8.74 billion yen ($60.3 million USD).[15][17][18][22][23][24][25][nb 3][nb 4]

In Akita Prefecture, authorities reported that twelve houses were damaged in Akita City while eight homes were damaged in Yokote, and there were two landslides.[26] Passing over Shizuoka Prefecture with most of its former intensity, 8 roads were closed and 28 homes were damaged. A total of 77 ha (190 acres) of rice as well as 212 ha (520 acres) of vegetables were damaged, along with three agricultural facilities. Damage was estimated at 243.1 million yen ($1.68 million USD), but the extent was limited by the storm's fast forward motion.[15] A 54-year-old hotel owner broke a rib when gusty winds toppled a seaside structure in Shizuoka.[14] In Fukushima Prefecture, seven homes were damaged in four towns, thirty-nine roads were closed, of which two were national highways. A total of 1,350 households lost power, and power lines downed several trees. The towns of Nakakura and Yazukado suffered flooding.[16] One person was killed in Toyama Prefecture.[21] A landslide closed two roads in Kmoagane in Nagano Prefecture.[27] Throughout the prefecture, 18 dwellings sustained damage and 68 trains were cancelled or delayed, resulting in 49,000 stranded travelers.[28] In Tochigi Prefecture, 141 houses, 266 roads, 284 communication lines, and 6 bridges received damage, while 10 homes were damaged and 23 landslides occurred. River embankments were breached in 710 locations while 221 ha (550 acres) of arable land was damaged, totaling 89.5 million yen ($617,000 USD). Damage there totaled to 1.32 billion yen ($9.1 million USD) and one person was hurt.[17] In Gunma Prefecture, 26 structures, 35 roads, and 573 ha (1,420 acres) of farmland were damaged. Prefecturewide, Winona inflicted 390.8 million yen ($2.7 million USD) in damage.[18] Along coastal areas of Saitama Prefecture, 60 houses were damaged, 158 ha (390 acres) of crops were damaged, 30 traffic accidents occurred, and five landslides were reported.[29] In Ibaraki Prefecture, the storm dropped heavy rainfall, which resulted in four downed power lines, while one individual was injured.[30] Damage in Yamanashi Prefecture totaled 6.62 billion yen ($45.7 million USD), including 4.80 billion yen ($33.1 million USD) in property damage.[22] To the southeast of Tokyo, in Chiba Prefecture, 35 dwellings were damaged, and damage amounted to 3 million yen ($20,000 USD).[23] Two people were hurt, a 56-year-old fractured his leg and a 78-year-old female fell due to strong winds, six embankments were breached, and thirty-two roads sustained damage.[19] In Shizuoka Prefecture, the prefecture where the storm moved onshore, the heavy rainfall damaged 541 homes, destroyed 55 others, and triggered 13 landslides, which resulted in 12 damaged roads and 21 people homeless.[20] The capital city of Tokyo was lashed with strong winds and heavy rain for several hours, with damage estimated at 34.9 million yen ($241,000 USD).[24] Seven reservoirs in Tokyo received more than 20,000,000 short tons (18,143,695 t) of water; the reservoirs reached 36% capacity, which prompted officials to lift restrictions on water use that were enacted following a drought.[13] Ten homes were flooded and damage totaled 128.5 million yen ($886,000 USD) in Kanagawa Prefecture. Seven people were wounded, mostly due to gusty winds.[25] The cyclone forced the first two days of the Karuizawa 72 Tokyu Ladies Open to be shortened.[31]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[3]
  2. ^ Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10-minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1-minute winds.[4]
  3. ^ All currencies are converted from Japanese yen to United States Dollars using this with an exchange rate of the year 1990.
  4. ^ All damage totals are in 1990 values of their respective currencies.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1992). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1990 (PDF) (Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d Japan Meteorological Agency (October 10, 1992). RSMC Best Track Data – 1990–1999 (Report). Archived from the original (.TXT) on January 22, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  3. ^ "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  4. ^ Christopher W Landsea; Hurricane Research Division (April 26, 2004). "Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?". Frequently Asked Questions. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  5. ^ Typhoon 12W Best Track (TXT) (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 17, 2002. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  6. ^ a b Hong Kong Observatory (1991). "Part III – Tropical Cyclone Summaries". Meteorological Results: 1990 (PDF). Meteorological Results (Report). Hong Kong Observatory. p. 15. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  7. ^ Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 1990 Winona (1990216N29125). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  8. ^ a b Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 199011 (WINONA). Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
  9. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS HAKONE (46161) @ Typhoon 1990111. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
  10. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS HARUNASAN (42241) @ Typhoon 199011. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
  11. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS TSUKUBASAN (40243) @ Typhoon 199011. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
  12. ^ a b c "Typhoon Winona strikes Japan's main island". United Press International. August 9, 1990.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  13. ^ a b c d "Typhoon Rains Injure 13 Japanese". Associated Press. August 10, 1990.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  14. ^ a b "Typhoon Winona hits central Japan, injuring three". United Press International. August 10, 1990.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  15. ^ a b c Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-590-07. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  16. ^ a b Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-595-04. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  17. ^ a b c Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-615-04. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  18. ^ a b c Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-624-09. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  19. ^ a b Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-648-12. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  20. ^ a b Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-656-14. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  21. ^ a b Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-607-18. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  22. ^ a b Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-638-07. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  23. ^ a b Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-648-11. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  24. ^ a b Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-662-07. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  25. ^ a b Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-662-07. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  26. ^ Asanobu, K itamoto. 1990-582-07. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  27. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-610-18. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  28. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-610-19. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  29. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-626-11. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  30. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1990-629-04. Digital Typhoon (Report) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  31. ^ "Sports News". Associated Press. August 11, 1990.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

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