Banc De Binary: Difference between revisions

Banc De Binary
Company type	Private
Industry	Binary options
Founded	2009
Key people	Oren Laurent (CEO) ; Abraham 'Abe' Cofnas, Head Analyst

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Banc De Binary was an Israeli financial firm with a history of regulatory issues on three continents.^[1]^[2] On January 9, 2017, the company announced that it would be closing due to negative press coverage and its tarnished reputation. The firm also surrendered its brokerage license with the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) removing its ability to legally trade in the European Union. Its 2014 revenues were reported as $100 million.^[3]^[4]^[5]

It sold binary options on assets including foreign exchange. It was barred from accepting U.S. customers in August 2013 after being charged with several offenses by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in a civil lawsuit.^[6]^[7] The company agreed to pay $11 million in restitution and fines to settle the suit.^[8]^[9] It is also banned from accepting customers in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Israel.^[8]

The company operated an online trading website through which customers could buy binary options, predicting whether the price of a certain commodity will go up or down in a specific time period, as short as 60 seconds.^[10]^[11]^[12] Banc De Binary was an associate of SpotOption Exchange which sets the price of the option. The price of the option was not a market price, but was set by SpotOption Exchange itself.^[13]

The Wall Street Journal described it as "a website that allows people to bet on the price of gold, oil or stocks".^[14]

Operations

The company allowed people to wager on changes in the price of various assets by using a pricing platform provided by an Israeli company, SpotOption, and customised by Banc De Binary. Customers did not own the asset but instead predicted whether its price would rise or fall.^[15] Banc De Binary's role was to create accounts for customers as a reseller of SpotOption's services. The company offered several kinds of options; customers could make predictions of the price of over 200 global assets including commodities, stocks, indices, and currencies using several variations of the trading platform including classic binary options,^[16] long term options, and sixty second options,^[17] and pairs trading. According to an advertisement for Banc De Binary, its CEO Oren Laurent was a founder of SpotOption, the firm that set the option prices.^[18]

In January 2017, Option.fm, a brand associated with Banc De Binary, was named by BuzzFeed as the operator of a bizarre scam known as the "Hawking code".^[19]^[20] The scam used a fake news site, purporting to be a part of CNN, and a fake interview with Stephen Hawking. According to the fake news site, Hawking developed a trading algorithm which would in effect transfer wealth from the top 0.1% of the world's wealthiest people to the other 99.9%. The site led to a trading site operated by Option.fm, headquartered in the Caribbean, that guaranteed trading profits using binary options. A second journalist traced the scam to Banc De Binary, which did not respond to his inquiries. Hawking's office at Cambridge University denied any connection to the scam.^[21]^[20]^[19] Oren Laurent was named in a lawsuit as the CEO of Option.fm, but he has denied it.^[22]

History

Banc De Binary Ltd., based in Cyprus, along with ET Binary Options Ltd., BO Systems Ltd., and BDB Services Ltd., based in Israel and the Republic of Seychelles, collectively conducted business internationally as Banc De Binary. The organization was founded by Oren Laurent, a 31-year-old (as of 2016) American and Israeli citizen who lives on the outskirts of Tel Aviv. Laurent owns 50% of Banc De Binary, and was also the sole owner or 50% shareholder of ET Binary Options Ltd., BO Systems, Ltd., and BDB Services, Ltd.^[23] He claims to have graduated from New York University and be a real estate investor in Israel.^[24]

In an interview the company's founder stated that the firm was founded on January 15, 2009,^[25] and that before, he had worked at "NAF Hedge Funds" and "Infinity Private Investment Funds", which he described as hedge funds in New York.^[26] In an advertisement, the company also claims to have been founded in Seychelles in 2008.^[27]
In an interview, the company's founder also claimed that by June 2011 the company had around 20,000 client accounts,^[28] In a 2014 court case Banc De Binary claimed that it "is a small company, with approximately 60 employees".^[23]
An article in the Independent on Sunday described it as a "leading City trading firm", although it did not have an office in the City of London, and the address the company gave was a virtual office space with no physical presence.^[29]^[30]
On 7 January 2013, Banc De Binary was licensed as an investment firm by the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC).^[31]^[32] Investment firms regulated by CySEC must demonstrate to CySEC that their activities comply with the laws of any non-EU countries where they do business.^[33]^[34] According to the company, its operations "outside of the European Union" are conducted by BDB Services Limited (formerly known as BO Systems Limited), which is incorporated in the Seychelles.^[35]

The Financial Services Register maintained by the UK's Financial Conduct Authority states that from 25 February 2013 the company "is authorised or registered by ... [CySEC] ... and may be subject to limited regulation by the Financial Conduct Authority".^[36] The company had similar licences in Germany,^[37] Italy, France,^[38] and Spain.^[39] In accordance with the European Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID), the company "passported" into almost all member states of the EEA, even though clients based in other countries might receive nothing if the company collapsed.^{[citation needed]}
In June 2014, an advertisement on a freelance employment website offered more than $10,000 for "crisis management" of the BdB page on Wikipedia.^[40]
In 2016, CySEC fined the locally based company (Banc De Binary Ltd). CySEC stated that "The settlement reached with BdB, for the possible violations, is for the amount of €350,000. The Company has paid the amount of €350,000". However, the reputational damages and legal ramifications were significant for BdB's Cypriot based operations.^[41]^[42]

Closing

A company official announced on January 9, 2017 that the company would be closing because of "consistently negative press" coverage. "It's just not worth the tarnished reputation. I don’t see how we can continue operating under such scrutiny and public image," said the official.^[3]^[4]^[5] The firm also surrendered its brokerage license with the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) on January 9, 2017, removing its ability to legally trade in the European Union. The firm remains under supervision by CySEC regarding previously incurred obligations and the formal closing of the firm.^[43]^[1] Reuters reported that the company's headquarters had been closed, the company's name removed, and a "for rent" sign placed on the building.^[5]

The Times of Israel reported that some industry insiders were skeptical that Banc De Binary was really closing, but was rather relocating and changing its name. One client who is owed €170,000 ($180,000) due to an August judgement from the Cyprus Ombudsman was still awaiting payment as of January 11, 2017.^[44] Banc De Binary's bank accounts are at Piraeus Bank Cyprus Limited, West East Bank, Credit Suisse, Wirecard Bank AG and TBI BANK EAD according to the Australian Securities & Investments Commission.^[44]^[45]

Regulatory issues

SEC and CFTC enforcement actions

On June 6, 2013, Banc De Binary was charged by both the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission for alleged violations of U.S. financial regulations. The CFTC warned more generally of "fraudulent schemes involving binary options and their trading platforms".^[10]

On July 30, 2013, the SEC obtained a preliminary injunction from U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada to prevent and freeze any further trading with U.S. customers.^[7]^[46] Charges filed on August 7, 2013, stated that Banc De Binary "may be criminally liable under the federal RICO statute".

Banc De Binary at first refused to appear in court in the United States for depositions.^[23] Banc De Binary claimed to have an office in New York City at Trump Tower, but this was in fact a virtual office space with no significant physical presence.^[47] Trading and offering financial services to U.S. consumers without gaining a license first from U.S. regulators is illegal, as it would mean the client would have no protection. The company also claims on its site at its UK Companies House report^[48] to have an office at 1 King Street, EC2, in the City of London, but this, like its New York City address, was a virtual office with no physical presence.^[49] Banc De Binary's UK Companies House report says that they are based in Cyprus. Despite this, Banc de Binary was brought to trial in Nevada. Banc De Binary retained the services of Snell & Wilmer in Reno, Nevada, in relation to U.S. charges. This followed an earlier hearing where in the absence of any representation from Banc De Binary, charges were filed via email and by post.^[23]

Binary trading in the United States is legal, but it needs to be done through properly registered and regulated exchanges such as NADEX.^[50]^[51]^[52] Both the CFTC and SEC working filed civil suits against the company, seeking disgorgement, financial penalties and other preliminary and permanent injunctions against the company.^[53]^[54] In civil suits filed in Nevada, the SEC and CFTC allege that the company was offering off-exchange traded options to U.S. customers and unlawfully solicited US customers to buy and sell options. The CFTC and SEC's suit also alleges that it did not limit its offerings to eligible contract participants, contrary to U.S. regulations;^[10]^[55] a fully regulated broker would complete credit checks on customers to ensure that those with low finances did not trade with them. Among the allegations made by the SEC was that Banc De Binary induced people with limited funds, including one unemployed person with less than $1000,^[56] to open accounts. In response to the U.S. charges the company put out a statement that made no mention of its legal problems, but instead incorrectly implied that they were in negotiations and that they had voluntarily left the U.S. market, when in fact the SEC had taken an injunction out to stop them.^[57]

In a message posted on its website, the company stated that

[...] Banc De Binary is voluntarily discontinuing its operations in the United States. The United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission and Securities and Exchange Commission have asserted that Banc De Binary is not permitted to offer its binary option products to U.S. residents without registering with those agencies. We are currently in discussions with the CFTC and SEC about these issues, but in the interim, we have discontinued all business with U.S. residents.

On January 26, 2016, Banc De Binary agreed to a court order to pay $11 million in restitution and penalties to settle this case.^[8] The settlement agreement requires Banc De Binary to refund the losses of US customers. Refunds are being handled by the National Futures Association as court-appointed monitor.^[58] Banc De Binary is permanently barred from doing any business in the United States or with US persons.

In 2018 Leonel Alexis Valerio Santana and Frank Gregory Cedeno were charged in a U.S. court for criminal fraud. They allegedly impersonated SEC employees promising to help victims of Banc De Binary's scams obtain repayment of lost funds. Instead, they allegedly defrauded the victim by taking $1.3 million more.^[59]^[60]

In July 2018, the CFTC filed a complaint against Michael Shah and his company Zilmil asking for disgorgement and fines totaling $75 million. Shah and Zilmil advertised trading schemes by Banc de Binary and 15 other companies to traders in the U.S. even though none of the companies were registered to trade with U.S. customers. Shah also offered automatic trading systems, including the "Millionaire Money Machine" which Shah knew, according to his emails, did not produce the advertised results.^[61]

European Union

Within the European Union, the company was regulated by the CySEC. On 7 April 2014 CySec announced that they had fined Banc De Binary 10,000 euros after it had "concealed material information in its request for authorization CIF submitted to the commission in August 2012, namely concealed the existence of close links between it and another company".^[62]

Investor advisories

As of October 2013, the company was rated "F" by the United States' Better Business Bureau (BBB) because 31 complaints had been made against it, including 9 of which were unanswered. The BBB report also wrote that the "site essentially allows investors to gamble on the future price of something at a point in time".^[63]

It appears on the Securities and Exchange Commission's "List of Unregistered Soliciting Entities That Have Been the Subject of Investor Complaints".^[64]

In Canada, it is listed on the Ontario Securities Commission's Investors Warning List of "companies that appear to be engaging in activities that may pose a risk to investors".^[65]

After receiving "at least one complaint from a Québec investor who traded through Banc De Binary's platform and was unable to recover his investment", the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) warned investors about the company. It noted that a bonus of 50% of the opening deposit is available, but customers who accept the bonus are not allowed to make withdrawals until they have made trades equal to 20 times their initial deposit. The AMF also pointed out that, due to the "all or nothing" nature of binary options, an investor who wrongly predicts market movement will lose his entire investment. Banc De Binary is not registered with the AMF. The AMF also, like the CFTC, included a more general warning about the risk of fraud in binary options trading in the same press release.^[66]

References

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^ Cornish, Chloe (February 2, 2017). "Inside the high stakes world of online investing: binary options". Financial Times. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
^ ^a ^b Magan, Dan (January 9, 2017). "Exclusive: Banc De Binary to Close Down". Finance Magnates. Archived from the original on January 9, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Banc De Binary closing operations". The Marker (in Hebrew). January 10, 2017. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cohen, Tova (January 11, 2017). "Binary options firm Banc De Binary says winding down operations". Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
^ "SEC Targets Cyprus and Israel 'Binary Options' Dealer", Law 360
^ ^a ^b "U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Banc de Binary Ltd. (a/k/a E.T. Binary Options Ltd.), Complaint for Injunctive and Other Equitable Relief and for Civil Monetary Penalties Under the Commodity Exchange Act and Commission Regulations" (PDF). Commodity Futures Trading Commission. June 6, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c Patrick, Margot (February 25, 2016). "Banc de Binary Reaches $11 Million Settlement with U.S. Authorities". The Wall Street Journal.
^ "New Zealand FMA Joins ASIC in Warning against Banc De Binary". Finance Magnates. Retrieved 2016-07-22.
^ ^a ^b ^c "CFTC Charges "Prediction Market" Proprietor Banc de Binary with Violating the CFTC's Off-Exchange Options Trading Ban and Operating as an Unregistered Futures Commission Merchant". Archived from the original on 2013-08-19. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
^ Ed (August 16, 2013). "Binary Options vs. Forex Trading". The FX View. Retrieved 2014-05-20.
^ "Binary Options - A simple way to trade or just a SCAM?". Day Trading Coach. 2013-06-05. Retrieved 2014-05-20.
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^ "Regulators Sue Prediction Site, Allege Illegal Options". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^ "What Are Binary Options?". SpotOption. Archived from the original on 2014-05-23. Retrieved 2014-05-20.
^ "Binary Option". investopedia.com. Retrieved Aug 11, 2013.
^ "60 Second Binary Option Trading Strategy". Nancy Eleutheriou. 8 July 2013. Retrieved Aug 11, 2013.
^ "Banc de Binary First CySEC Regulated Binary Options Broker". Binary Options Now. January 8, 2013. Archived from the original on January 12, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
^ ^a ^b Weinglass, Simona (January 11, 2017). "Major Israeli binary firm, Banc de Binary, lays off employees, said to be shutting down". Times of Israel. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Fake News Site Uses Stephen Hawking To Sell Get-Rich-Quick Scheme". BuzzFeedNews. January 7, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
^ Scialom, Mike (January 19, 2017). "Faking it: Unravelling a fake news story involving Stephen Hawking". Cambridge News. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
^ Weinglass, Simona (June 25, 2017). "As Knesset prepares to vote on binary options ban, more tragedies emerge". Times of Israel. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Securities & Exchange Commission v. Banc de Binary, et al." (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-17. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
^ "Oren Shabat Laurent". Archived from the original on October 17, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2017.
^ Wright, Susan (May 27, 2013). "Banc De Binary CEO Oren Laurent Opens Up on Binary Options". investmentunderground.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
^ "Oren Laurent, Financial Services". Archived from the original on 2013-09-16. Retrieved 2013-10-24. He obtained employment in various retail Wall Street Firms and then worked in NAF Hedge Funds. He later transferred to Infinity Private Investment Funds.
^ "Banc De Binary". MyBinaryOption.com. 2013-09-04. Archived from the original on October 4, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
^ Wright, Susan (27 May 2013). "Banc De Binary CEO Oren Laurent Opens Up on Binary Options". Investment Underground. Archived from the original on 2013-08-08. Retrieved Aug 11, 2013. Our projections were for 10,000 client accounts by the end of 2011. We'd doubled that number by June.
^ "Blue-chip dividends tipped to soar". The Independent. 2013-01-20. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
^ "Buy a 1 King Street, EC2V 8AU". Bookings.executiveoffices.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2013-11-28. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
^ "Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission". Cysec.gov.cy. Archived from the original on 2013-08-06. Retrieved 2013-08-17.
^ "Banc De Binary is first Binary Options Broker in EU". Financial Mirror. 3 April 2013. Retrieved Aug 11, 2013.
^ "Get Out! CySEC Bans FX Firms From Accepting Non-EU Clientswork=Forex Magnates". August 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-08-06. Retrieved 2013-10-16. [...] brokers which operate under the CySEC license [...] will no longer be able to solicit business [...] outside of the European Union, unless a potential client [...] who resides in a non-EU member state can provide written authorization from the domestic financial markets regulator in the nation which that person is resident [...]
^ "Freedom to provide investment and ancillary services and or perform investment activities in a third country" (PDF). Circular CI144-2013-22. Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission. 2013-07-26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-08-14. Retrieved 2013-11-11. The Commission allows, pursuant to section 79(4) of the Law, the provision of investment and ancillary services and/or the performance of investment services within the territory of a third country provided that CIFs, before commencing any activity, will take all necessary measures to ensure that they will comply with the relevant legal provisions of the third country.
^ "Terms of Use". BO Systems Limited (Effective from January 7, 2013 until March 5, 2013) and/or BDB Services Limited (Effective from March 5, 2013) (hereafter the Company) [...] The trading address of BDB Services Limited is situated at Suite 106, Premier Building, Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles. [...] Outside of the European Union, this website is operated by BDB Services Limited (Incorporated in Seychelles) [...]
^ "Financial Services Register 2013". Bank of England Financial Services Register. Jun 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
^ BaFin. "BaFin – Unternehmensdatenbank BaFin". Portal.mvp.bafin.de (in German). Retrieved 2013-08-17.
^ "Fiche agent financier – REGAFI – Registre des agents financiers". Regafi.fr. Retrieved 2013-08-17.
^ "CNMV – Empresas de servicios de inversión extranjeras en libre prestación". Cnmv.es. 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2013-08-17.
^ Jeff Elder (June 16, 2014), "Wikipedia Strengthens Rules Against Undisclosed Editing", The Wall Street Journal
^ Leap Rate: CySEC fines Part II: Banc de Binary settles for €350,000, 24option parent fined €156,000
^ CySEC Board Decision regarding Banc De Binary Ltd
^ "Communication". Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission. January 11, 2017. Archived from the original on January 11, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) In Greek.
^ ^a ^b Weinglass, Simona (January 11, 2017). "Major Israeli binary firm, Banc de Binary, lays off employees, said to be shutting down". Times of Israel. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
^ "Banc De Binary Ltd / BDB Services Ltd". Australian Securities & Investments Commission. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
^ "Banc de Binary Ltd. (Release No. LR-22767; August 1, 2013)". Sec.gov. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
^ "Securities and Exchange Commission vs. Banc De Binary Ltd, complaint" (PDF). Banc de Binary maintained a virtual office on Wall Street
^ "Companies House WebCheck". Wck2.companieshouse.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 2008-12-29. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
^ "Buy a 1 King Street, EC2V 8AU". Bookings.executiveoffices.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
^ "Binary Options Legal US". Nadex.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
^ "Banc De Binary: Gets Charged by the CFTC". ForexMagnates. Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
^ "CTFC files civil suit against Banc De Binary". The Fx View. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
^ "SEC Warns Investors About Binary Options and Charges Cyprus-Based Company with Selling Them Illegally in U.S." Securities Exchange Commission. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
^ "CFTC Charges "Prediction Market" Proprietor Banc De Binary with Violating the CFTC's Off-Exchange Options Trading Ban and Operating as an Unregistered Futures Commission Merchant". Retrieved 19 June 2013.
^ "SEC Full Complaint" (PDF). Retrieved 19 June 2013.
^ "Banc de Binary Ltd. (Release No. LR-22718; June 7, 2013)". Sec.gov. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
^ Banc de Binary Ltd. (Release No. LR-22767; August 1, 2013). Sec.gov. Retrieved on 2013-10-16.
^ Court-appointed monitor for US victim restitution claims: "Banc de Binary Restitution Information". National Futures Association. March 18, 2016.
^ Raymond, Nate (January 23, 2018). "U.S. charges two over fraud featuring bogus SEC employees". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
^ Saks-McLeod, Andrew (January 25, 2018). ""Wanna go large, sir?" Burger-flipping SEC impostors pretend to help Banc de Binary fraud victims". Finance Feeds. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
^ Nikolova, Maria (13 July 2018). "CFTC seeks to impose monetary penalty of $56m on binary options marketers". Finance Feeds. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
^ "CySEC fines Banc de Binary €10,000 for concealing links between it and another company". LeapRate. 2014-05-26. Retrieved 2014-05-31.
^ "BBB Business Review". Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Factors that lowered the rating for Banc De Binary include: 31 complaints filed against business Failure to respond to 9 complaints filed against business
^ "Public Alert: Unregistered Soliciting Entities". Securities and Exchange Commission. Archived from the original on 2013-02-23. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
^ "Investors Warning List". Ontario Securities Commission. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
^ "Binary options – AMF Cautions About Solicitations by Banc de Binary". Lautorite.qc.ca. Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-08-17.

External links

[FT11217-1] "Binary trading group winds down after regulatory issues". Financial Times. January 12, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017.

[FT02022017-2] Cornish, Chloe (February 2, 2017). "Inside the high stakes world of online investing: binary options". Financial Times. Retrieved February 2, 2017.

[closing-3] Magan, Dan (January 9, 2017). "Exclusive: Banc De Binary to Close Down". Finance Magnates. Archived from the original on January 9, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2017.

[Marker-4] "Banc De Binary closing operations". The Marker (in Hebrew). January 10, 2017. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2017.

[Reu11117-5] Cohen, Tova (January 11, 2017). "Binary options firm Banc De Binary says winding down operations". Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2017.

[6] "SEC Targets Cyprus and Israel 'Binary Options' Dealer", Law 360

[cftc-7] "U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Banc de Binary Ltd. (a/k/a E.T. Binary Options Ltd.), Complaint for Injunctive and Other Equitable Relief and for Civil Monetary Penalties Under the Commodity Exchange Act and Commission Regulations" (PDF). Commodity Futures Trading Commission. June 6, 2013.

[WSJ2016-8] Patrick, Margot (February 25, 2016). "Banc de Binary Reaches $11 Million Settlement with U.S. Authorities". The Wall Street Journal.

[9] "New Zealand FMA Joins ASIC in Warning against Banc De Binary". Finance Magnates. Retrieved 2016-07-22.

[cftc.gov-10] "CFTC Charges "Prediction Market" Proprietor Banc de Binary with Violating the CFTC's Off-Exchange Options Trading Ban and Operating as an Unregistered Futures Commission Merchant". Archived from the original on 2013-08-19. Retrieved 2013-10-16.

[11] Ed (August 16, 2013). "Binary Options vs. Forex Trading". The FX View. Retrieved 2014-05-20.

[12] "Binary Options - A simple way to trade or just a SCAM?". Day Trading Coach. 2013-06-05. Retrieved 2014-05-20.

[13] "xchange | Order Execution Policy". SpotOption Exchange. Archived from the original on 2015-04-28. Retrieved 2014-05-20.

[WSJ-14] "Regulators Sue Prediction Site, Allege Illegal Options". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.

[15] "What Are Binary Options?". SpotOption. Archived from the original on 2014-05-23. Retrieved 2014-05-20.

[INVESTO-16] "Binary Option". investopedia.com. Retrieved Aug 11, 2013.

[BOW-17] "60 Second Binary Option Trading Strategy". Nancy Eleutheriou. 8 July 2013. Retrieved Aug 11, 2013.

[founder-18] "Banc de Binary First CySEC Regulated Binary Options Broker". Binary Options Now. January 8, 2013. Archived from the original on January 12, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017.

[ToIJan1117-19] Weinglass, Simona (January 11, 2017). "Major Israeli binary firm, Banc de Binary, lays off employees, said to be shutting down". Times of Israel. Retrieved January 22, 2017.

[BuzzJan717-20] "Fake News Site Uses Stephen Hawking To Sell Get-Rich-Quick Scheme". BuzzFeedNews. January 7, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2017.

[camnews1-21] Scialom, Mike (January 19, 2017). "Faking it: Unravelling a fake news story involving Stephen Hawking". Cambridge News. Retrieved January 22, 2017.

[ToI062617-22] Weinglass, Simona (June 25, 2017). "As Knesset prepares to vote on binary options ban, more tragedies emerge". Times of Israel. Retrieved June 26, 2017.

[justia-23] "Securities & Exchange Commission v. Banc de Binary, et al." (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-17. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[24] "Oren Shabat Laurent". Archived from the original on October 17, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2017.

[IU_Interview-25] Wright, Susan (May 27, 2013). "Banc De Binary CEO Oren Laurent Opens Up on Binary Options". investmentunderground.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24.

[26] "Oren Laurent, Financial Services". Archived from the original on 2013-09-16. Retrieved 2013-10-24. He obtained employment in various retail Wall Street Firms and then worked in NAF Hedge Funds. He later transferred to Infinity Private Investment Funds.

[MBO1-27] "Banc De Binary". MyBinaryOption.com. 2013-09-04. Archived from the original on October 4, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2017.

[IU-28] Wright, Susan (27 May 2013). "Banc De Binary CEO Oren Laurent Opens Up on Binary Options". Investment Underground. Archived from the original on 2013-08-08. Retrieved Aug 11, 2013. Our projections were for 10,000 client accounts by the end of 2011. We'd doubled that number by June.

[29] "Blue-chip dividends tipped to soar". The Independent. 2013-01-20. Retrieved 2013-11-11.

[30] "Buy a 1 King Street, EC2V 8AU". Bookings.executiveoffices.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2013-11-28. Retrieved 2013-11-27.

[CYSEC-31] "Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission". Cysec.gov.cy. Archived from the original on 2013-08-06. Retrieved 2013-08-17.

[FinMir-32] "Banc De Binary is first Binary Options Broker in EU". Financial Mirror. 3 April 2013. Retrieved Aug 11, 2013.

[33] "Get Out! CySEC Bans FX Firms From Accepting Non-EU Clientswork=Forex Magnates". August 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-08-06. Retrieved 2013-10-16. [...] brokers which operate under the CySEC license [...] will no longer be able to solicit business [...] outside of the European Union, unless a potential client [...] who resides in a non-EU member state can provide written authorization from the domestic financial markets regulator in the nation which that person is resident [...]

[cysec-circular-34] "Freedom to provide investment and ancillary services and or perform investment activities in a third country" (PDF). Circular CI144-2013-22. Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission. 2013-07-26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-08-14. Retrieved 2013-11-11. The Commission allows, pursuant to section 79(4) of the Law, the provision of investment and ancillary services and/or the performance of investment services within the territory of a third country provided that CIFs, before commencing any activity, will take all necessary measures to ensure that they will comply with the relevant legal provisions of the third country.

[tou-35] "Terms of Use". BO Systems Limited (Effective from January 7, 2013 until March 5, 2013) and/or BDB Services Limited (Effective from March 5, 2013) (hereafter the Company) [...] The trading address of BDB Services Limited is situated at Suite 106, Premier Building, Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles. [...] Outside of the European Union, this website is operated by BDB Services Limited (Incorporated in Seychelles) [...]

[BancDeBinaryFSA-36] "Financial Services Register 2013". Bank of England Financial Services Register. Jun 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.

[37] BaFin. "BaFin – Unternehmensdatenbank BaFin". Portal.mvp.bafin.de (in German). Retrieved 2013-08-17.

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[39] "CNMV – Empresas de servicios de inversión extranjeras en libre prestación". Cnmv.es. 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2013-08-17.

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