Lloyd (automobile): Difference between revisions

Lloyd Motoren Werke G.m.b.H.
Industry	Automotive
Founded	1908
Defunct	1963
Fate	Bankruptcy
Headquarters	Bremen, Germany
Products	Automobiles
Parent	Norddeutscher Lloyd

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Lloyd Motoren Werke G.m.b.H. (Lloyd Engine Works) was a German automobile manufacturer, created in 1908 and owned by the Norddeutscher Lloyd shipping company. The factory was in Bremen. The company operated under a variety of different names throughout the decades, but their products were nearly always badged with the Lloyd marque. Originally a manufacturer of luxury cars, the company was folded into the Borgward Group in 1929, with the brand not used on passenger cars again until 1950. Production ended for good in 1963, although a successor company continued trading until 1989, selling replacement parts, as well as manufacturing engines for snowmobiles and boats.

The German Lloyd marque had no connection with the British Lloyd Cars Ltd company active between 1936 and 1951.

1908–1937

The first cars were licence-built Kriéger electric vehicles. Petrol-engined models followed in 1908, using 3685 cc engines, but few were made. The Belgian electrical engineer, Paul Mossay, was employed for four years as chief engineer, designing both engines and electric vehicles.^[1]^: 78 In 1914, the company merged with Hansa to become Hansa-Lloyd Werke AG. The company was never on a sound financial footing and changed names and badging on a number of occasions.^[2] Most of the Hansa/Lloyd cars made during that period were branded as "Hansa". The "Hansa-Lloyd" name mainly attached to commercial vehicles, with the exception of the Treff-Aß and the Trumpf-Aß. The company was integrated in the Borgward group after the purchase of Hansa by Carl F. W. Borgward in 1929, and car production ceased.

Until 1937, the Hansa-Lloyd brand was used on a number of commercial vehicles (trucks and buses), from the one-ton "Express" to the five-ton "Merkur". They were largely replaced by Borgward-branded vehicles, but a few models were sold in 1938 with just "Hansa" badging.^[3]

1950–1963

Lloyd as a stand-alone name only entered mass-production of cars and light trucks in 1950, when the company became Lloyd Motoren Werke GmbH – still in Bremen. The very first cars (the Lloyd 300) were wood- and fabric-bodied. Between 1953 and 1954, thin, rolled steel gradually replaced the original fabric shell (Lloyd 400), but wood framing was still used within the doors and elsewhere.

The Lloyd 250 was called "Prüfungsangst-Lloyd" ("Lloyd for exam nerves") because they appealed to drivers who had older driving licenses and could drive the car without having to pass the new test for drivers of cars with a cubic capacity of over 250 cc, a test which was introduced in a legal reform in the mid-1950s. With an engine producing only 11 PS (DIN), the Lloyd designers saw a need for saving weight, and thus offered the LP 250 without a back seat, bumpers, hub caps or trims. However, most buyers ordered the LP 250 V with those features as optional extras.

Overall, the vehicles filled the need for small, cheap cars, which were characteristic of post-war Germany, and they provided a comparatively high standard of comfort and reliability. For several years in the 1950s, they rose to third place in the annual licensing statistics, behind only Volkswagen and Opel. In spite of that success, there was little prestige gained in driving a Lloyd. In the vernacular, the Lloyd 300 was called "Leukoplastbomber", due to the owners' habit of repairing nicks in the fabric of the body with sticking plaster called Leukoplast. A contemporary derisive verse went "Wer den Tod nicht scheut, fährt Lloyd" ("He who is not afraid of death, drives a Lloyd").

Pietro Frua designed a coupé based on the Lloyd Alexander, which was presented at the Turin Motor Show in November 1958.

The parent company failed in 1961 but cars were still made up to 1963. By that time, the LP 900 was named "Borgward Arabella" instead of "Lloyd Arabella".

Models

Type	Body style	Period	Engine	cubic capacity	hp (DIN)	Gears	Speed
Lloyd LP 300	saloon	1950–1952	2 cylinders two-stroke	293	10	3	75 km/h (47 mph)
Lloyd LS 300 / LK 300	LS: estate car LK: van	1951–1952	2 cylinders two-stroke	293	10	3	75 km/h (47 mph)
Lloyd LC 300	coupé	1951–1952	2 cylinders two-stroke	293	10	3	75 km/h (47 mph)
Lloyd LP 400	saloon	1953–1957	2 cylinders two-stroke	386	13	3	75 km/h (47 mph)
Lloyd LS 400 / LK 400	LS: estate car LK: van	1953–1957	2 cylinders two-stroke	386	13	3	75 km/h (47 mph)
Lloyd LC 400	convertible	1953–1957	2 cylinders two-stroke	386	13	3	75 km/h (47 mph)
Lloyd LT 500	van / 6-seater minivan^[4]	1953–1957	2 cylinders two-stroke	386	13	3	75 km/h (47 mph)
Lloyd LP 250 and 250 V	saloon	1956–1957	2 cylinders two-stroke	250	11	3	75 km/h (47 mph)
Lloyd LP 600	saloon	1955–1961	2 cylinders four-stroke	596	19	3	100 km/h (62 mph)
Lloyd LS 600 / LK 600	LS: estate car LK: van	1955–1961	2 cylinders four-stroke	596	19	4	100 km/h (62 mph)
Lloyd LC 600	convertible "Cabrio-Limousine"	1955–1961	2 cylinders four-stroke	596	19	4	100 km/h (62 mph)
Lloyd Alexander	saloon or estate car	1957–1961	2 cylinders four-stroke	596	19	4	100 km/h (62 mph)
Lloyd Alexander TS	saloon or estate car	1958–1961	2 cylinders four-stroke	596	25	4	107 km/h (66 mph)
Lloyd LT 600	van/minivan pickup truck	1955–1961	2 cylinders four-stroke	596	19	4	85 km/h (53 mph)
Lloyd Theodor	LT 600 RV	1955–1961	2 cylinders four-stroke	596	19	4	85 km/h (53 mph)
Lloyd Arabella	saloon	1959–1961	4 cylinders four-stroke	897	38 1960–1963 also 34	4	120 km/h (75 mph)
Lloyd Arabella de Luxe	saloon	1960–1961	4 cylinders four-stroke	897	45	4	133 km/h (83 mph)
Lloyd EL 1500	electric van		electric	-		-
Lloyd EL 2500	electric van		electric	-		-

Type	number of cars built
Lloyd 300 LP, LS and LC	18,087
Lloyd 400 LP, LS and LC	109,878
Lloyd 250 and 250 V	3,768
Lloyd 600 LP, LS and LC, Alexander and Alexander TS	176,524
Lloyd Arabella and Arabella de Luxe	47,549

Australian production – The Lloyd-Hartnett

The Lloyd 600 was assembled in Australia by a company formed as joint venture between Carl Borgward and Laurence Hartnett in the late 1950s.^[5] The car was introduced in December 1957 as the Lloyd-Hartnett and a total of 3000 cars were built before production ceased in 1962.^[5]

References

^ Desmond, Kevin (2019). Electric Trucks: A History of Delivery Vehicles, Semis, Forklifts and Others. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-3618-4. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
^ von Fersen, Hans-Heinrich (1971), Klassische Wagen [Classic Cars] (in German), vol. 1, Stuttgart and Berne: Hallwag, ISBN 9783444101168
^ Toxopeus, Evert. "Hansa-Lloyd Trucks". Nederlandse Borgward site. Archived from the original on 2016-12-28.
^ "Vor 20 Jahren: Test Lloyd LT500 (ie a page of extracts from the same magazine's edition of exactly twenty years earlier)". Auto Motor u. Sport. Heft 9 1974: Seite 20. 27 April 1974.
^ ^a ^b Davis, Pedr (1986), The Macquarie Dictionary of Australian Motoring, Sydney, NSW: Macquarie Library, p. 278, ISBN 0949757357

External links

[Desmond-1] Desmond, Kevin (2019). Electric Trucks: A History of Delivery Vehicles, Semis, Forklifts and Others. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-3618-4. Retrieved 28 January 2020.

[HHvF61-2] von Fersen, Hans-Heinrich (1971), Klassische Wagen [Classic Cars] (in German), vol. 1, Stuttgart and Berne: Hallwag, ISBN 9783444101168

[lloydnl-3] Toxopeus, Evert. "Hansa-Lloyd Trucks". Nederlandse Borgward site. Archived from the original on 2016-12-28.

[AutoMotoruSport1974-4] "Vor 20 Jahren: Test Lloyd LT500 (ie a page of extracts from the same magazine's edition of exactly twenty years earlier)". Auto Motor u. Sport. Heft 9 1974: Seite 20. 27 April 1974.

[Davis-5] Davis, Pedr (1986), The Macquarie Dictionary of Australian Motoring, Sydney, NSW: Macquarie Library, p. 278, ISBN 0949757357

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[2]

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[4]

[5]

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 }}
-'''Lloyd Motoren Werke G.m.b.H.''' (Lloyd Engine Works) was a German automobile manufacturer, created in 1908 and owned by the [[Norddeutscher Lloyd]] shipping company. The factory was in [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]]. The company operated under a variety of different names throughout the decades, but their products were nearly always badged with the '''Lloyd''' marque. Originally a manufacturer of luxury cars, the company was folded into the [[Borgward]] Group in 1929, with the brand no longer used on passenger cars until 1950. Production ended for good in 1963, although a successor company continued trading until 1989, selling replacement parts and also manufacturing engines for snowmobiles and boats.
+'''Lloyd Motoren Werke G.m.b.H.''' (Lloyd Engine Works) was a German automobile manufacturer, created in 1908 and owned by the [[Norddeutscher Lloyd]] shipping company. The factory was in [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]]. The company operated under a variety of different names throughout the decades, but their products were nearly always badged with the '''Lloyd''' marque. Originally a manufacturer of luxury cars, the company was folded into the [[Borgward]] Group in 1929, with the brand not used on passenger cars again until 1950. Production ended for good in 1963, although a successor company continued trading until 1989, selling replacement parts, as well as manufacturing engines for snowmobiles and boats.
 The German Lloyd marque had no connection with the British [[Lloyd Cars Ltd]] company active between 1936 and 1951.
 ==1908–1937==
+{{main|Hansa (company)}}
-The first cars were licence-built [[Kriéger]] electric vehicles. Petrol-[[internal combustion engine|engined]] models followed in 1908 with 3685 cc engines, but few were made. The [[Belgian people|Belgian]] [[electrical engineer]], [[Paul Mossay]], was employed for four years as chief engineer, designing both engines and [[electric vehicle]]s.<ref name="Desmond">{{cite book |last1=Desmond |first1=Kevin |title=Electric Trucks: A History of Delivery Vehicles, Semis, Forklifts and Others |date=2019 |publisher=McFarland |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |isbn=978-1-4766-3618-4 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NwDEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=%22Paul+Mossay%22&source=bl&ots=2sLas-1NKJ&sig=ACfU3U1uwuaCg1Z07uhBxz67bwqUGNtC1w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiF_eOppqbnAhXTQUEAHUuZCEYQ6AEwAXoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Paul%20Mossay%22&f=false |accessdate=28 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|78}} In 1914 the company merged with [[Hansa (car)|Hansa]] to become '''Hansa-Lloyd Werke AG'''. Most of the cars made by the new company were sold as Hansa with the Hansa-Lloyd name attached to commercial vehicles only. Nevertheless, two cars, the 4-litre ''Treff-Aß'' (Ace of Clubs) and the 8-cylinder 4.6-litre ''Trumpf-Aß'' (Ace of Trumps) were badged as Hansa-Lloyds. The company was integrated in the [[Borgward]] group after the purchase of Hansa by [[Carl F. W. Borgward]] in 1929, and car production ceased.
+The first cars were licence-built [[Kriéger Company of Electric Vehicles|Kriéger]] [[electric vehicle]]s. [[internal combustion engine|Petrol-engined]] models followed in 1908, using 3685 cc engines, but few were made. The [[Belgian people|Belgian]] [[electrical engineer]], [[Paul Mossay]], was employed for four years as chief engineer, designing both engines and electric vehicles.<ref name="Desmond">{{cite book |last1=Desmond |first1=Kevin |title=Electric Trucks: A History of Delivery Vehicles, Semis, Forklifts and Others |date=2019 |publisher=McFarland |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |isbn=978-1-4766-3618-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NwDEDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Paul+Mossay%22&pg=PA80 |access-date=28 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|78}} In 1914, the company merged with [[Hansa (car)|Hansa]] to become '''Hansa-Lloyd Werke AG'''. The company was never on a sound financial footing and changed names and badging on a number of occasions.<ref name=HHvF61>{{citation |ref=HHvF |title=Klassische Wagen |trans-title =Classic Cars |volume=1 |first=Hans-Heinrich |last=von Fersen |publisher=Hallwag |location=Stuttgart and Berne |language=de |date=1971 |isbn=9783444101168 }}</ref> Most of the Hansa/Lloyd cars made during that period were branded as "Hansa". The "Hansa-Lloyd" name mainly attached to commercial vehicles, with the exception of the ''Treff-Aß'' and the ''Trumpf-Aß''. The company was integrated in the [[Borgward]] group after the purchase of Hansa by [[Carl F. W. Borgward]] in 1929, and car production ceased.
-Until 1937, the Hansa-Lloyd brand was used on a number of commercial vehicles (trucks and buses), from the one-ton "Express" to the five-ton "Merkur". They were largely replaced by Borgward-branded vehicles, although a few were sold with just "Hansa" badging during 1938.<ref name=lloydnl>{{cite web | url = http://www.borgward.nl/docs-uk/hansa-lloyd.htm | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161228194344/http://www.borgward.nl/docs-uk/hansa-lloyd.htm | archivedate = 2016-12-28 | title = Hansa-Lloyd Trucks | work = Nederlandse Borgward site | first = Evert | last = Toxopeus }}</ref>
+Until 1937, the Hansa-Lloyd brand was used on a number of commercial vehicles (trucks and buses), from the one-ton "Express" to the five-ton "Merkur". They were largely replaced by Borgward-branded vehicles, but a few models were sold in 1938 with just "Hansa" badging.<ref name=lloydnl>{{cite web |url=http://www.borgward.nl/docs-uk/hansa-lloyd.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228194344/http://www.borgward.nl/docs-uk/hansa-lloyd.htm | archive-date=2016-12-28 |title=Hansa-Lloyd Trucks |work=Nederlandse Borgward site |first=Evert |last = Toxopeus}}</ref>
 ==1950–1963==
@@ Line 29: / Line 30: @@
 [[Image:Lloyd LP400S 1955.jpg|thumb|right|Lloyd LP 400 S 1955]]
 [[Image:Lloyd602.jpg|thumb|right|Lloyd LP 600]]
-[[Image:Lloyd Alexander Skåp 1959.jpg|thumb|right|Lloyd Alexander 1959]]
+[[Image:Lloyd Alexander Skåp 1959.jpg|thumb|right|1959 Lloyd 600 ''Kastenwagen'' (panel van)]]
 [[Image:Lloyd Alexander TS (1959) 1Y7A6076.jpg|thumb|right|Lloyd Alexander TS]]
 [[Image:MHV Lloyd LT600.jpg|thumb|right|[[Lloyd LT 600]]]]
 [[Image:Arabella de Luxe 02.jpg|thumb|right|Lloyd Arabella de Luxe]]
-Lloyd as a marque name only entered mass-production of cars and light trucks in 1950 with the company becoming '''Lloyd Motoren Werke GmbH''' – still in Bremen. The very first cars (the [[Lloyd 300]]) were wood and fabric bodied. Thin, rolled steel gradually replaced the original fabric shell between 1953 and 1954 (Lloyd 400), however wood framing was still used within the doors and elsewhere.
+Lloyd as a stand-alone name only entered mass-production of cars and light trucks in 1950, when the company became '''Lloyd Motoren Werke GmbH''' – still in Bremen. The very first cars (the [[Lloyd 300]]) were wood- and fabric-bodied. Between 1953 and 1954, thin, rolled steel gradually replaced the original fabric shell (Lloyd 400), but wood framing was still used within the doors and elsewhere.
-The Lloyd 250 was called ''"Prüfungsangst-Lloyd"'' ("Lloyd for exam nerves") as they appealed to owners of older driving licenses who could drive it without having to pass a new driving test for cars with a cubic capacity of over 250 cc, a test which was introduced in a legal reform of the mid-1950s. With a power of only 11&nbsp;hp (DIN), the Lloyd's designers saw a need for saving weight, and thus offered the LP 250 without a back seat, bumpers, hub caps or trims. However, most buyers ordered the LP 250 V with these features as optional extras.
+The Lloyd 250 was called ''"Prüfungsangst-Lloyd"'' ("Lloyd for exam nerves") because they appealed to drivers who had older driving licenses and could drive the car without having to pass the new test for drivers of cars with a cubic capacity of over 250 cc, a test which was introduced in a legal reform in the mid-1950s. With an engine producing only 11&nbsp;[[horsepower|PS]] ([[Deutsches Institut für Normung|DIN]]), the Lloyd designers saw a need for saving weight, and thus offered the LP 250 without a back seat, bumpers, hub caps or trims. However, most buyers ordered the LP 250 V with those features as optional extras.
-Overall, the vehicles matched the need for small and cheap cars which were a characteristic of post-[[World War II|war]] Germany, and they provided a comparatively high standard in comfort and reliability. They rose to third place in the annual licensing statistics for several years in the 1950s, behind only [[Volkswagen]] and [[Opel]]. In spite of this success, there was little prestige to be gained by driving a Lloyd. In the vernacular, the Lloyd 300 was called ''"Leukoplastbomber"'' due to the owners' habit of repairing nicks in the fabric of the body with sticking plaster called LEUKOPLAST. A contemporary derisive verse went ''"Wer den Tod nicht scheut, fährt Lloyd"'' ("He who is not afraid of death, drives a Lloyd").
+Overall, the vehicles filled the need for small, cheap cars, which were characteristic of post-[[World War II|war]] Germany, and they provided a comparatively high standard of comfort and reliability. For several years in the 1950s, they rose to third place in the annual licensing statistics, behind only [[Volkswagen]] and [[Opel]]. In spite of that success, there was little prestige gained in driving a Lloyd. In the vernacular, the Lloyd 300 was called ''"Leukoplastbomber"'', due to the owners' habit of repairing nicks in the fabric of the body with sticking plaster called Leukoplast. A contemporary derisive verse went ''"Wer den Tod nicht scheut, fährt Lloyd"'' ("He who is not afraid of death, drives a Lloyd").
-[[Pietro Frua]] designed a coupé on the basis of the Lloyd Alexander; it was presented at the Turin Motor Show in November 1958.
+[[Pietro Frua]] designed a coupé based on the Lloyd Alexander, which was presented at the Turin Motor Show in November 1958.
-The parent company failed in 1961 but cars were still made up to 1963. By this time, the LP 900 was named "Borgward Arabella" instead of "Lloyd Arabella".
+The parent company failed in 1961 but cars were still made up to 1963. By that time, the LP 900 was named "Borgward Arabella" instead of "Lloyd Arabella".
 ===Models===
@@ Line 111: / Line 112: @@
 |-
 | [[Lloyd LT 500]]
-|van / [[minivan|6-seater minivan]]<ref name=AutoMotoruSport1974>{{cite journal| authorlink = | title = Vor 20 Jahren: Test Lloyd LT500 (ie a page of extracts from the same magazine's edition of exactly twenty years earlier) | journal = [[Auto, Motor und Sport|Auto Motor u. Sport]]| volume = Heft 9 1974| pages = Seite 20 |date = 27 April 1974}}</ref>
+|van / [[minivan|6-seater minivan]]<ref name=AutoMotoruSport1974>{{cite journal| title = Vor 20 Jahren: Test Lloyd LT500 (ie a page of extracts from the same magazine's edition of exactly twenty years earlier) | journal = [[Auto, Motor und Sport|Auto Motor u. Sport]]| volume = Heft 9 1974| pages = Seite 20 |date = 27 April 1974}}</ref>
 |1953–1957
 |2 cylinders<br>two-stroke
@@ Line 259: / Line 260: @@
 * [http://www.lloydselig.com/ The Lloyd Cars English HomePage]
 * [http://www.lloyd-freunde-ig.de/index2_en.htm LLOYD-FREUNDE-IG Deutschland]
-* [http://www.lloyd-motoren.de/ Lloyd & Borgward]
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051209001029/http://www.histomobile.com/histomob/internet/192/histo02.htm Borgward history]
 * [http://www.pietro-frua.de/1958_lloyd.htm Lloyd Alexander Frua (Ghia Aigle) Coupé]
 {{Borgward group}}
+{{Borgward timeline 1945 to 1970}}
 [[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany]]