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Beck, John H. (February 2007). Spiegler, Mado (ed.). "Christ and Sophia: Anthroposophic Meditations on the Old Testament, New Testament, and Apocalypse by Valentin Tomberg SteinerBooks, 2006, 432 pgs. Review by John H. Beck". Rudolf Steiner Library Newsletter. 41: 7–12. Science is Ahrimanic in so far as it is objective; Christian mysticism is Luciferic in so far as it is subjective.

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^ Tobolowsky, Andrew (2018). "Israelite and Judahite History in Contemporary Theoretical Approaches". Currents in Biblical Research. 17 (1): 33–58. doi:10.1177/1476993X18765117. ISSN 1476-993X. Second, Mazar and Finkelstein frequently agree, at least broadly speaking, on the hard facts, but disagree about their subjective interpretation.

[c130-1] Tobolowsky, Andrew (2018). "Israelite and Judahite History in Contemporary Theoretical Approaches". Currents in Biblical Research. 17 (1): 33–58. doi:10.1177/1476993X18765117. ISSN 1476-993X. Second, Mazar and Finkelstein frequently agree, at least broadly speaking, on the hard facts, but disagree about their subjective interpretation.

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-'''Hipersexualitatea''' (denumită '''''comportament sexual compulsiv''''' sau '''''compulsie sexuală''''' și impropriu '''''dependență sexuală'''''), adică dorința excesivă de a face [[Act sexual|sex]], apare ca termen în cadrul unor tulburări mentale, dar nu este clasificată drept o tulburare mentală în Manualul de Diagnostic și Statistică al Tulburărilor Mintale ([[DSM-5]]).<ref name= DSM-5>{{Cite book|last=American Psychiatric Association|year=2013|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders| edition=Fifth|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|location=Arlington, VA|pages=481, 688, 690, 691, 693, 695, 697, 702, 823|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|quote=Thus, groups of repetitive behaviors, which some term behavioral addictions, with such subcategories as "sex addiction," "exercise addiction," or "shopping addiction," are not included because at this time there is insufficient peer-reviewed evidence to establish the diagnostic criteria and course descriptions needed to identify these behaviors as mental disorders.}}</ref><ref name="Goia 2016 p. ">{{cite book | last=Goia | first=Mădălina | title=DSM-5 : manual de diagnostic și clasificare statistică a tulburărilor mintale | publisher=Editura Medicală Callisto | publication-place=București | year=2016 | isbn=978-606-8043-14-2 | oclc=997448435 | language=ro | page=481 | quote=Alături de tulburările legate de consumul de substanțe, în acest capitol este inclus jocul patologic de noroc (ludomania), ceea ce subliniază că un comportament de joc de noroc patologic activează sisteme de recompensă similare celor activate de drogurile de abuz determină unele simptome comportamentale asemănătoare celor din tulburările consumului de substanțe. Au fost descrise și alte tipare de comportament excesiv, cum ar fi jocurile pe internet, dar cercetările privind aceste sindroame comportamentale fi altele similare nu au ajuns la concluzii clare. Astfel, unele grupuri de comportament repetitiv, pe care unii le denumesc dependențe comportamentale, cu subcategorii ca "dependență de sex", "dependență de exerciții fizice" sau "dependență de cumpărături" nu au fost incluse, deoarece la ora actuală nu există dovezi suficiente pentru a stabili criteriile de diagnostic și nici descriptori de evoluție necesari pentru a defini aceste tipuri de comportament ca tulburări mintale.}}</ref> DSM-5 nu recunoaște nicio adicție, acestea fiind înlocuite de tulburări de control al impulsului sau compulsii sau tulburări de folosire a substanțelor.<ref>{{Cite book|last=American Psychiatric Association|year=2013|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders| edition=Fifth|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|location=Arlington, VA|pages=485|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|quote=Note that the word ''addiction'' is not applied as a diagnostic term in this classification, although it is in common usage in many countries to describe severe problems related to compulsive and habitual use of substances.}}</ref>
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-În clasificarea internațională a [[Boală|maladiilor]] ([[Listă de coduri ICD-10|ICD-10]]) se întâlnește diagnosticul de „Activitate sexuală excesivă”, cu codul F52.7 (în care capitolul F52 se referă la „Disfuncție sexuală, neprovocată de o tulburare sau boală organică”).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drg.ro/Doc/ind/lista_3_char.pdf|title=Lista categoriilor cu trei caractere}}</ref>
+{{cite journal |last1=Beck |first1=John H. |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |name-list-style= |date=February 2007 |year= |orig-date= |editor1-last=Spiegler |editor1-first=Mado |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |others= |title=Christ and Sophia: Anthroposophic Meditations on the Old Testament, New Testament, and Apocalypse by Valentin Tomberg SteinerBooks, 2006, 432 pgs. Review by John H. Beck |script-title= |trans-title= |url=https://cdm16694.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/api/collection/nyrud/id/387/download |format= |department= |journal=Rudolf Steiner Library Newsletter |type= |series= |language= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-place= |publication-date= |volume=41 |issue= |article-number= |page= |pages=7–12 |at= |no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |jstor-access= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |via= |url-access= |access-date= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |quote=Science is Ahrimanic in so far as it is objective; Christian mysticism is Luciferic in so far as it is subjective. |postscript= |ref=}}
-[[ICD]]-11 a fost publicat dar și va intra în vigoare ulterior datei de 1 ianuarie 2022,<ref name="jan22"/> nu include adicția sexuală, ci doar tulburarea de comportament sexual compulsiv.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/10/health/compulsive-sexual-behavior-mental-health-condition/index.html|title=WHO classifies compulsive sexual behavior as mental health condition|date=10 July 2018|first=Jen|last=Christensen|work=CNN|access-date=26 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1630268048|title=ICD-11 – Mortality and Morbidity Statistics|website=icd.who.int|language=en|access-date=26 November 2018}}</ref> [[ICD]]-11 nu folosește modelul adicției, ci pe cel al compulsiei.<ref name="Martinez-Gilliard 2023 p. 113"/><ref name="Psychology Today 2018">{{cite web | first=David J. | last=Ley | title=Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder in ICD-11 | website=Psychology Today | date=24 January 2018 | url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/women-who-stray/201801/compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-in-icd-11 | access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> Țările pot alege singure momentul de la care aplică ICD-11, ulterior datei respective.<ref name="jan22">{{Cite web|date=2018 |title=ICD-11: Classifying disease to map the way we live and die |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/international-classification-of-diseases |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620014204/https://www.who.int/health-topics/international-classification-of-diseases |website=who.int | archive-date=20 June 2018 | url-status=dead}}</ref> [[OMS]] nu recunoaște diagnosticul de adicție sexuală.<ref name="Martinez-Gilliard 2023 p. 113">{{cite book | last=Martinez-Gilliard | first=Erin | title=Sex, Social Justice, and Intimacy in Mental Health Practice: Incorporating Sexual Health in Approaches to Wellness | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2023 | isbn=978-1-000-84578-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1yqEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT113 | access-date=5 March 2023 | page=unpaginated | quote='Sex addiction' is also referred to as a diagnosis or presenting problem. Sex addiction is not a diagnosis in the DSM-5-TR and identified as Compulsive Sexual Behavior in the ICD-11 rather than an issue of addiction. | archive-date=4 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404230920/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1yqEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT113 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Pontes 2022 p. 163">{{cite book | editor-last=Pontes | editor-first=Halley M. | last=Dhuffar-Pottiwal | first=Manpreet | title=Behavioral Addictions: Conceptual, Clinical, Assessment, and Treatment Approaches | publisher=Springer International Publishing | series=Studies in Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavioral Economics | year=2022 | isbn=978-3-031-04772-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chuKEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 | access-date=27 July 2023 | page=163 | quote=Given that we do not yet have definitive information on whether the processes involved in the onset and maintenance of the disorder are equivalent to substance abuse disorders, gambling, and gaming (Kraus et al. 2016), CSBD is not included in the grouping of disorders due to substance and addictive behaviors, but rather in that of impulse control disorders (Kraus et al. 2018).}}</ref><ref name="Bowman 2022 p. 161">{{cite book | last=Bowman | first=Todd | title=Reclaiming Sexual Wholeness: An Integrative Christian Approach to Sexual Addiction Treatment | publisher=Zondervan Academic | year=2022 | isbn=978-0-310-09311-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9NFTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 | access-date=27 July 2023 | page=161}}</ref><ref name="Sassover Weinstein p. ">{{cite journal | last1=Sassover | first1=Eli | last2=Weinstein | first2=Aviv | title=Should compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) be considered as a behavioral addiction? A debate paper presenting the opposing view | journal=Journal of Behavioral Addictions | publisher=Akademiai Kiado Zrt. | date=29 September 2020 | volume=11 | issue=2 | pages=166–179 | issn=2062-5871 | doi=10.1556/2006.2020.00055 | pmid=32997646 | pmc=9295215 }}</ref><ref name="Therapist 2021">{{cite web | author=a verified Counsellor or Therapist | title=Do I have compulsive sexual behaviour? | website=Counselling Directory | date=18 January 2021 | url=https://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/memberarticles/do-i-have-compulsive-sexual-behaviour | access-date=26 March 2022 |quote="Materials related to the ICD-11 make very clear that CSBD is not intended to be interchangeable with 'sex addiction', but rather is a substantially different diagnostic framework." ICD-11. World Health Organisation.}}</ref><ref name="Neves 2021 p. 14">{{cite book | last=Neves | first=Silva | title=Compulsive Sexual Behaviours: A Psycho-Sexual Treatment Guide for Clinicians | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2021 | isbn=978-1-000-38710-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31olEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT14 | access-date=26 March 2022 | page=14 | quote=materials in ICD-11 make very clear that CSBD is not intended to be interchangeable with sex addiction, but rather is a substantially different diagnostic framework}}</ref>
-Denumirile sub care această disfuncție este cunoscută la bărbați este [[satirism]] iar la femei [[nimfomanie]].
+<ref name="c130">{{cite journal | last=Tobolowsky | first=Andrew | title=Israelite and Judahite History in Contemporary Theoretical Approaches | journal=Currents in Biblical Research | volume=17 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1476-993X | doi=10.1177/1476993X18765117 | pages=33–58 | quote=Second, Mazar and Finkelstein frequently agree, at least broadly speaking, on the hard facts, but disagree about their subjective interpretation.}}</ref>
-Persoanele cu acest diagnostic au inhibiții sexuale reduse și sunt obsedate de sex atât de mult, încât acest lucru le afectează și calitatea vieții.<ref name="z794">{{cite web | title=10 afectiuni sexuale neobisnuite | website=Sanatate, medicina, tratament, boli, medicamente, sfatul medicului | date=30 July 2010 | url=https://www.sfatulmedicului.ro/Sex-si-erotism/10-afectiuni-sexuale-neobisnuite_7414 | language=ro | access-date=12 August 2024}}</ref>
-Evaluările atât ale cercetărilor clinice la oameni, cât și ale studiilor preclinice care implică ΔFosB au identificat activitatea sexuală compulsivă - în special, orice formă de [[act sexual]] - ca o dependență (adică, dependență sexuală). Mai mult, s-a dovedit că răsplătește sensibilizarea încrucișată între [[amfetamină]] și activitatea sexuală, ceea ce înseamnă că expunerea la una crește dorința pentru ambele, s-a dovedit a avea loc preclinic și clinic ca un sindrom de dereglare a dopaminei;<ref name="Systematic review - yet another DSM fail">{{cite journal | last=Karila | first=Laurent | last2=Wéry | first2=Aline | last3=Weinstein | first3=Aviv | last4=Cottencin | first4=Olivier | last5=Petit | first5=Aymeric | last6=Reynaud | first6=Michel | last7=Billieux | first7=Jöel | title=Sexual addiction or hypersexual disorder: different terms for the same problem? A review of the literature | journal=Current Pharmaceutical Design | volume=20 | issue=25 | date=2014 | issn=1873-4286 | pmid=24001295 | doi=10.2174/13816128113199990619 | pages=4012–4020}}</ref> ΔFosB; [[Exprimare genetică|exprimarea]] este necesară pentru acest efect de sensibilizare încrucișată, care se intensifică odată cu nivelul exprimării ΔFosB.<ref name="Amph-Sex X-sensitization through NMDA signaling"><!--Supplemental primary source-->{{cite journal | last=Beloate | first=Lauren N. | last2=Weems | first2=Peyton W. | last3=Casey | first3=Graham R. | last4=Webb | first4=Ian C. | last5=Coolen | first5=Lique M. | title=Nucleus accumbens NMDA receptor activation regulates amphetamine cross-sensitization and deltaFosB expression following sexual experience in male rats | journal=Neuropharmacology | volume=101 | date=2016 | issn=1873-7064 | pmid=26391065 | doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.023 | pages=154–164}}</ref> Autoritățile de sănătate (Asociația Psihiatrică Americană și Organizația Mondială a Sănătății) nu și-au însușit acest punct de vedere.<ref name="Martinez-Gilliard 2023 p. 113"/><ref name="American Psychiatric Association 2022 ch. 29"/><ref name="American Psychiatric Association 2022 ch. 19"/><ref name="Prause Binnie 2023 p=136346072311570"/><ref name="h652"/>
-<blockquote>Cu toate acestea, în ciuda acestor progrese, cercetările legate de dependența sexuală sunt încă la început. Lipsa integrării teoretice, deficite de rigoare metodologică, deficit de eșantioane clinice, dependență excesivă de eșantioane de conveniență (adică studenți sau recrutați de la Mechanical Turk), absența completă a studiilor epidemiologice, inconsecvențe larg răspândite în definițiile și măsurătorile CSB și lipsa studiilor de tratament încă afectează literatura de specialitate legată de dependența sexuală. Dacă oamenii de știință, cercetătorii și clinicienii din acest domeniu doresc să promoveze domeniul și să ofere îngrijire bazată pe dovezi persoanelor care raportează comportamente sexuale scăpate de control, toate cele de mai sus sunt necesare. (Grubbs et al. 2020)<ref name="Grubbs Hoagland Lee Grant 2020 p=101925">{{cite journal | last1=Grubbs | first1=Joshua B. | last2=Hoagland | first2=K. Camille | last3=Lee | first3=Brinna N. | last4=Grant | first4=Jennifer T. | last5=Davison | first5=Paul | last6=Reid | first6=Rory C. | last7=Kraus | first7=Shane W. | title=Sexual addiction 25 years on: A systematic and methodological review of empirical literature and an agenda for future research | journal=Clinical Psychology Review | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=82 | year=2020 | issn=0272-7358 | doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101925 | page=101925| pmid=33038740 | s2cid=222280824 | url=https://psyarxiv.com/r6947/ }}</ref></blockquote>
-DSM-5-TR, publicat în martie 2022, nu recunoaște diagnosticul de adicție/compulsie sexuală.<ref name="Martinez-Gilliard 2023 p. 113"/><ref name="American Psychiatric Association 2022 ch. 29">{{cite book | author=American Psychiatric Association | title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR(tm)) | publisher=American Psychiatric Association Publishing | series=G - Reference,Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series | year=2022 | isbn=978-0-89042-576-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIGizgEACAAJ | chapter=Conditions for Further Study | page=916 | quote=Excessive use of the Internet not involving playing of online games (e.g., excessive use of social media, such as Facebook; viewing pornography online) is not considered analogous to Internet gaming disorder, and future research on other excessive uses of the Internet would need to follow similar guidelines as suggested herein. Excessive gambling online may qualify for a separate diagnosis of gambling disorder.}}</ref><ref name="American Psychiatric Association 2022 ch. 19">{{cite book | author=American Psychiatric Association | title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR(tm)) | publisher=American Psychiatric Association Publishing | series=G - Reference,Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series | year=2022 | isbn=978-0-89042-576-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIGizgEACAAJ | chapter=Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders | page=543 | quote=In addition to the substance-related disorders, this chapter also includes gambling disorder, reflecting evidence that gambling behaviors activate reward systems similar to those activated by drugs of abuse and that produce some behavioral symptoms that appear comparable to those produced by the substance use disorders. Other excessive behavioral patterns, such as Internet gaming (see “Conditions for Further Study”), have also been described, but the research on these and other behavioral syndromes is less clear. Thus, groups of repetitive behaviors, sometimes termed <em>behavioral addictions</em> (with subcategories such as “sex addiction,” “exercise addiction,” and “shopping addiction”), are not included because there is insufficient peer-reviewed evidence to establish the diagnostic criteria and course descriptions needed to identify these behaviors as mental disorders.}}</ref><ref name="Prause Binnie 2023 p=136346072311570"/>
-ICD-11 a adăugat pornografia la CSBD.<ref name="ICD-11 2022">{{cite web | title=ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics 6C72 Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder | website=ICD-11 | url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%253A%252F%252Fid.who.int%252Ficd%252Fentity%252F1630268048 | access-date=19 April 2022}}</ref> Aceasta este însă o tulburare de control al impulsurilor, nu o tulburare adictivă.<ref name="Martinez-Gilliard 2023 p. 113"/><ref name="h652">{{cite book | last1=Hall | first1=Timothy M. | last2=Bershad | first2=Anya | last3=Shoptaw | first3=Steven | editor-last1=Miller | editor-first1=Shannon C. | editor-last2=Rosenthal | editor-first2=Richard N. | editor-last3=Levy | editor-first3=Sharon | editor-last4=Saxon | editor-first4=Andrew J. | editor-last5=Tetrault | editor-first5=Jeanette M. | editor-last6=Wakeman | editor-first6=Sarah E. | title=The ASAM Principles of Addiction Medicine | publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | publication-place=Philadelphia, PA | date=2024-02-15 | isbn=978-1-9752-0157-9 | page=unpaginated | quote=Proposals for two constructs related to compulsive sexual behaviors , sexual addiction and hypersexual disorder, have been repeatedly rejected from inclusion in recent editions of the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM) for lack of empirical support and lack of consensus as to definition. [...] (CSBD), has been included in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11), under impulse control disorders rather than as an addiction disorder. CSBD has significant differences from substance use disorders (SUD) [...] | chapter=53. Compulsive Sexual Behaviors | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWf1EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1931}}</ref><ref name="ICD-11 2022"/> Se argumentează că diagnosticul de CSBD nu este bazat pe cercertări sexuale.<ref name="Briken Turner pp. 222–225">{{cite journal | last1=Briken | first1=Peer | last2=Turner | first2=Daniel | title=What does "Sexual" mean in compulsive sexual behavior disorder? • | journal=Journal of Behavioral Addictions | publisher=Akademiai Kiado Zrt. | volume=11 | issue=2 | date=13 July 2022 | issn=2062-5871 | doi=10.1556/2006.2022.00026 | pages=222–225| pmid=35895459 | s2cid=250576696 }}</ref>
-Nici ICD-10, nici ICD-11 nu recunosc adicția sexuală sau adicția de porno drept diagnostice valabile.<ref name="Martinez-Gilliard 2023 p. 113"/><ref name="Prause Binnie 2023 p=136346072311570">{{cite journal | last1=Prause | first1=Nicole | last2=Binnie | first2=James | title=Iatrogenic effects of Reboot/NoFap on public health: A preregistered survey study | journal=Sexualities | publisher=SAGE Publications | date=22 February 2023 | issn=1363-4607 | doi=10.1177/13634607231157070 | page=136346072311570| s2cid=257172274 | url=https://openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk/download/af044dbeb36aefcdb593641a18267139b810bb745d21ca4e8881f5e40472d2e8/1373447/Submission_Sexualities_12.13.2022.pdf }}</ref>
-{{blockquote|1=Cu toate acestea, dependența de pornografie nu este considerată în prezent o afecțiune diagnosticabilă conform DSM. De asemenea, alternativele la DSM, cum ar fi ICD-11, nu au aderat la modelul de dependență pentru pornografie, deși acesta recunoaște că oamenii pot deveni compulsivi cu privire la utilizarea acesteia.|2={{harvnb|Rothman|2021|p=103}}}}
-==Note==
-<references/>
-== Bibliografie ==
-* {{cite book |last=Rothman |first=Emily F. |year=2021 |chapter=Pornography as a US Public Health Problem |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M30_EAAAQBAJ |title=Pornography and Public Health |pages=1–15 |location=[[Oxford]] and [[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |doi=10.1093/oso/9780190075477.003.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-007547-7 |lccn=2021013439 |access-date=2021-09-26 |archive-date=2023-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164505/https://books.google.com/books?id=M30_EAAAQBAJ |url-status=live | ref=harv}}
-{{Control de autoritate}}
-[[Categorie:Parafilii]]
-[[Categorie:Viciu]]