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| producer =
| producer =
}}
}}
The "Alabama Song" was written as a German poem and translated into [[idiosyncratic]] English for the author [[Bertolt Brecht]] by his close collaborator [[Elisabeth Hauptmann]] in 1925<ref>{{citation |title=Bertolt Brecht: Poems and Songs from the Plays |page=223 |editor-last=Willett |editor-first=John |editor2-first=Ralph |editor2-last=Manheim |display-editors=1 |ref={{harvid|Willett & al.|1990}} |publisher=Methuen |date=1990 }}</ref> and published in Brecht's 1927 ''[[Hauspostille|Home Devotions]]'' ({{lang-de|Hauspostille}}), a parody of [[Martin Luther]]'s collection of sermons. It was set to music by [[Kurt Weill]] for the 1927 play ''[[Little Mahagonny]]'' (''{{lang|de|Mahagonny-Songspiel}}'') and reused for Brecht and Weill's 1930 opera ''[[Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny]]'' (''{{lang|de|Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny}}''), where it is sung by Jenny and her fellow prostitutes in Act I. Although the majority of all three works is in German, the "Alabama Song" retained Hauptmann's broken English lyrics throughout.
The "Alabama Song" was written as a German poem and translated into [[idiosyncratic]] English for the author [[Bertolt Brecht]] by his close collaborator [[Elisabeth Hauptmann]] in 1925<ref>{{citation |title=Bertolt Brecht: Poems and Songs from the Plays |page=223 |editor-last=Willett |editor-first=John |editor2-first=Ralph |editor2-last=Manheim |display-editors=1 |ref={{harvid|Willett & al.|1990}} |publisher=Methuen |date=1990 }}</ref> and published in Brecht's 1927 ''Home Devotions'' (''{{interlanguage link|Hauspostille|de}}''), a parody of [[Martin Luther]]'s collection of sermons. It was set to music by [[Kurt Weill]] for the 1927 play ''[[Little Mahagonny]]'' (''{{lang|de|Mahagonny-Songspiel}}'') and reused for Brecht and Weill's 1930 opera ''[[Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny]]'' (''{{lang|de|Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny}}''), where it is sung by Jenny and her fellow prostitutes in Act I. Although the majority of all three works is in German, the "Alabama Song" retained Hauptmann's English lyrics throughout.


Brecht and Weill's version of the song was first performed by the [[Vienna|Viennese]] actress and dancer [[Lotte Lenya]], Weill's wife,<ref>{{citation |last=Cad |first=Saint |contribution=Top 10 Famous Songs With Unknown Originals |contribution-url=http://listverse.com/2012/07/31/top-10-famous-songs-with-unknown-originals/ |title=Listverse |url=http://listverse.com |access-date=21 June 2013 }}.</ref> in the role of Jessie at the 1927 [[Baden-Baden]] Festival's performance of ''Little Mahagonny''. The first recording of the song—by Lenya for the Homocord record label—came out in early 1930 under the title "Alabama-Song";<ref name=kwf/> it was rerecorded the same year for the Ultraphon record label for release with the 1930 [[Leipzig]] premiere of ''The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny'', despite Lenya not being a member of that cast.<ref>{{citation |title=Lenya |page=32 |publisher=Bear Family Records |date=1998 }}.</ref> She continued to perform and record the song throughout her life, including for her 1955 album ''Lotte Lenya Sings Kurt Weill'' (''{{lang|de|Lotte Lenya singt Kurt Weill}}''), released in the United States under the title ''Berlin Theater Songs''.<ref name=kwf>{{citation |title=Kurt Weill Foundation |url=http://www.kwf.org |contribution-url=http://www.kwf.org/pages/ll-discography.html |contribution=Lotte Lenya Discography }}.</ref>
Brecht and Weill's version of the song was first performed by the [[Vienna|Viennese]] actress and dancer [[Lotte Lenya]], Weill's wife,<ref>{{citation |last=Cad |first=Saint |contribution=Top 10 Famous Songs With Unknown Originals |contribution-url=http://listverse.com/2012/07/31/top-10-famous-songs-with-unknown-originals/ |title=Listverse |url=http://listverse.com |access-date=21 June 2013 }}.</ref> in the role of Jessie at the 1927 [[Baden-Baden]] Festival's performance of ''Little Mahagonny''. The first recording of the song—by Lenya for the Homocord record label—came out in early 1930 under the title "Alabama-Song";<ref name=kwf/> it was rerecorded the same year for the Ultraphon record label for release with the 1930 [[Leipzig]] premiere of ''The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny'', despite Lenya not being a member of that cast.<ref>{{citation |title=Lenya |page=32 |publisher=Bear Family Records |date=1998 }}.</ref> She continued to perform and record the song throughout her life, including for her 1955 album ''Lotte Lenya Sings Kurt Weill'' (''{{lang|de|Lotte Lenya singt Kurt Weill}}''), released in the United States under the title ''Berlin Theater Songs''.<ref name=kwf>{{citation |title=Kurt Weill Foundation |url=http://www.kwf.org |contribution-url=http://www.kwf.org/pages/ll-discography.html |contribution=Lotte Lenya Discography }}.</ref>
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| artist = [[the Doors]]
| artist = [[the Doors]]
| album = [[The Doors (album)|The Doors]]
| album = [[The Doors (album)|The Doors]]
| released = January 4, 1967<ref>{{cite web |title=''The Doors'' – Album Details |url=https://www.thedoors.com/discography/doors-583 |website=Thedoors.com |access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
| released = January 4, 1967<ref>{{cite web |title=''The Doors'' – Album Details |url=https://www.thedoors.com/discography/doors-583 |website=Thedoors.com |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907002911/https://www.thedoors.com/discography/doors-583 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| recorded = August 1966
| recorded = August 1966
| studio =
| studio =
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*[[ska]]
*[[ska]]
*[[psychedelic music|psychedelia]]
*[[psychedelic music|psychedelia]]
*[[polka]]
*[[carnival music|carnival]]
| length = 3:20
| length = 3:20
| label = [[Elektra Records|Elektra]]
| label = [[Elektra Records|Elektra]]
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| producer = [[Paul A. Rothchild]]
| producer = [[Paul A. Rothchild]]
}}
}}
The song was recorded in 1966 by the rock group [[the Doors]], listed as "Alabama Song (Whisky Bar)". According to drummer [[John Densmore]] and guitarist [[Robby Krieger]], the song was presented by keyboardist [[Ray Manzarek]] to the group while recording their [[The Doors (album)|debut album]], and after the other members were dissatisfied with the melody, they changed it.<ref name="Childed"/><ref name="Classic">{{cite AV media |people=[[The Doors]] |title=Classic Albums: The Doors |year=2008 |publisher=[[Eagle Rock Entertainment]] |medium=DVD}}</ref> Doors' cover version combine [[avant-garde music|avant-garde]],<ref name="Childed">{{cite web
The song was recorded in 1966 by the rock group [[the Doors]], listed as "Alabama Song (Whisky Bar)". According to drummer [[John Densmore]] and guitarist [[Robby Krieger]], the song was presented by keyboardist [[Ray Manzarek]] to the group during their early years, and due to their dissatisfaction with the melody, they radically changed it.<ref name="Childed" /><ref name="Classic">{{cite AV media |people=[[The Doors]] |title=Classic Albums: The Doors |year=2008 |publisher=[[Eagle Rock Entertainment]] |medium=DVD}}</ref> The Doors' cover version combines [[avant-garde music|avant-garde]]<ref name="Childed">{{cite web
|first=Serg |last=Childed |date=August 27, 2018 |url=https://musictales.club/article/german-roots-moon-alabama?amp |title=German roots of the Moon of Alabama |website=Music Tales |access-date=March 23, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Jones">{{cite book |first=Dylan |last=Jones |author-link=Dylan Jones |year=2015 |title=Mr Mojo: A Biography of Jim Morrison |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2pQBwAAQBAJ&q=Alabama+Song+avant-+garde&pg=PA52|page=52|isbn=978-1408860571}}</ref> [[carnival music]] influences,<ref name="Luhrssen">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phsIDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |title=Encyclopedia of Classic Rock |last1=Luhrssen |first1=David |last2=Larson |first2=Michael |year=2017 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1440835148 |page=95}}</ref> with [[psychedelic music|psychedelic]] and [[ska]] stylistics.<ref name="Christian">{{cite book |first=Christian |last=Matijas-Mecca |year=2020 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=knTtDwAAQBAJ&q=Alabama+Song+Ska&pg=PA76|title=Listen to Psychedelic Rock! Exploring a Musical Genre |page=76 |publisher=Hardcover |isbn=978-1440861970}}</ref>
|first=Serg |last=Childed |date=August 27, 2018 |url=https://musictales.club/article/german-roots-moon-alabama?amp |title=German roots of the Moon of Alabama |website=Music Tales |access-date=March 23, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Jones">{{cite book |first=Dylan |last=Jones |author-link=Dylan Jones |year=2015 |title=Mr Mojo: A Biography of Jim Morrison |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2pQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52|page=52|isbn=978-1408860571}}</ref> and [[polka music]] influences<ref name="Luhrssen">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phsIDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |title=Encyclopedia of Classic Rock |last1=Luhrssen |first1=David |last2=Larson |first2=Michael |year=2017 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1440835148 |page=95}}</ref> with [[psychedelic music|psychedelic]] elements.<ref name="Christian">{{cite book |first=Christian |last=Matijas-Mecca |year=2020 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=knTtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA76|title=Listen to Psychedelic Rock! Exploring a Musical Genre |page=76 |publisher=Hardcover |isbn=978-1440861970}}</ref> It was a regular one from their set at the [[Whisky a Go Go]], and [[Van Morrison]] reported that he was surprised when he heard the Doors playing it at the venue.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=David |last=Fricke |author-link=David Fricke |date=April 17, 2015 |title=Van Morrison: I Didn't Know I Was Going to Have This Body of Work' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/van-morrison-i-didnt-know-i-was-going-to-have-this-body-of-work-227372/amp/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=December 11, 2023}}</ref>


Lead singer [[Jim Morrison]] reportedly altered the second verse from "Show us the way to the next pretty boy" to "Show me the way to the next little girl",<ref name="Weidman">{{cite book
Lead singer [[Jim Morrison]] altered the second verse from "Show us the way to the next pretty boy" to "Show me the way to the next little girl",<ref name="Weidman">{{cite book
|last=Weidman |first=Richie
|last=Weidman |first=Richie
|year=2011 |title=The Doors FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Kings of Acid Rock
|year=2011 |title=The Doors FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Kings of Acid Rock
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wNCGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1617131141 |page=141}}</ref> but, on the 1967 ''Live at the Matrix'' recording, he sang the original unaltered "next pretty boy".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Doors: ''Live at the Matrix 1967'' |url=https://www.thedoors.com/discography/live-matrix-1967-3225 |access-date=August 31, 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906205809/https://www.thedoors.com/discography/live-matrix-1967-3225 |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |website=Thedoors.com}}</ref> For the Doors' recording, Ray Manzarek also contributed [[Marxophone]] along with organ and keyboard bass.<ref name="Classic Extras">{{cite AV media |people=[[The Doors]] |title=Classic Albums: The Doors [Extras] |year=2008 |publisher=Eagle Rock Entertainment |medium=DVD}}</ref>
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wNCGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1617131141 |page=141}}</ref> but, on the 1967 ''Live at the Matrix'' recording, he sang the original unaltered "next pretty boy".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Doors: ''Live at the Matrix 1967'' |url=https://www.thedoors.com/discography/live-matrix-1967-3225 |access-date=August 31, 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906205809/https://www.thedoors.com/discography/live-matrix-1967-3225 |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |website=Thedoors.com}}</ref> For the Doors' recording, Ray Manzarek also contributed [[marxophone]] along with organ and keyboard bass.<ref name="Classic Extras">{{cite AV media |people=[[The Doors]] |title=Classic Albums: The Doors [Extras] |year=2008 |publisher=Eagle Rock Entertainment |medium=DVD}}</ref> Manzarek recalled that it was producer [[Paul Rothchild]]'s idea to provide a marxophone on the track, to which Manzarek ultimately said, "It worked out perfectly, that jingle-[[jangly]] sound."<ref name="Golsen">{{cite magazine |first=Tyler |last=Golsen |date=November 19, 2022 |title=The Bizarre Instrument at the Heart of the Doors' 'Whisky Bar' Cover |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-bizarre-instrument-at-the-heart-of-the-doors-whisky-bar-cover/amp|magazine=[[Far Out Magazine]] |access-date=May 8, 2023}}</ref>


===Personnel===
===Personnel===
Per sources:<ref name="Classic"/><ref name="Classic Extras"/><ref name="Liner">{{cite AV media notes| year = 1967| title = The Doors| type = Album notes| others = [[The Doors]]| location = New York City| publisher = [[Elektra Records]]| id = ELK-4007| at = Back cover}}</ref>
Per sources:<ref name="Classic" /><ref name="Classic Extras" /><ref name="Golsen" /><ref name="Liner">{{cite AV media notes| year = 1967| title = The Doors| type = Album notes| others = [[The Doors]]| location = New York City| publisher = [[Elektra Records]]| id = ELK-4007| at = Back cover}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Heinz |last=Gerstenmeyer |title=The Doors – Sounds for Your Soul – Die Musik Der Doors
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xk_-cOcPH4C&pg=PA11 |year=2001 |isbn=978-3-8311-2057-4 |page=11 |language=de}}</ref>


* [[Jim Morrison]] – lead vocals
* [[Jim Morrison]] – lead and backing vocals
* [[Robby Krieger]] – guitar, backing vocals
* [[Robby Krieger]] – guitar, backing vocals
* [[Ray Manzarek]] – organ, [[keyboard bass]], [[marxophone]], backing vocals
* [[Ray Manzarek]] – [[Vox Continental]], [[keyboard bass]], [[marxophone]], backing vocals
* [[John Densmore]] – drums, backing vocals
* [[John Densmore]] – drums, backing vocals
* [[Paul A. Rothchild]] – backing vocals
* [[Paul A. Rothchild]] – backing vocals
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* [[Cabaret]]
* [[Cabaret]]
* [[opera]]
* [[opera]]
| length = 3:51
| length = {{duration|m=3|s=51}}
| label = [[RCA Records|RCA]]
| label = [[RCA Records|RCA]]
| writer = [[Bertolt Brecht]], [[Kurt Weill]]
| writer =
*[[Bertolt Brecht]]
*[[Kurt Weill]]
| producer = David Bowie, [[Tony Visconti]]
| producer =
*David Bowie
*[[Tony Visconti]]
| prev_title = [[John, I'm Only Dancing (Again)]]
| prev_title = [[John, I'm Only Dancing (Again)]]
| prev_year = 1979
| prev_year = 1979
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| next_year = 1980
| next_year = 1980
}}
}}
[[David Bowie]], a Brecht fan, performed the song throughout his 1978 [[Isolar II – The 1978 World Tour|Isolar II]] tour. A live version from the tour, recorded in either Philadelphia on 29&nbsp;April 1978 or in Boston on 6&nbsp;May,{{sfn|O'Leary|2019|loc=chap. 3}} appeared on the 1991, 2005 and 2017 reissues of the live album ''[[Stage (David Bowie album)|Stage]]''.{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}}<ref name="Stage" /> On 2&nbsp;July 1978, a day after the tour's European leg ended, Bowie recorded a studio version at [[Tony Visconti]]'s Good Earth Studios in London with his studio band. Pianist Sean Mayes stated that "it had been such a hit on the tour that David wanted to do it as a single."{{sfn|O'Leary|2019|loc=chap. 3}}{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}} With unconventional key changes, the track "seemed calculated to disrupt any radio programme on which it was lucky enough to get played".{{sfn|Carr|Murray|1981|p=108}}
[[David Bowie]], a Brecht fan, performed the song throughout his 1978 [[Isolar II – The 1978 World Tour|Isolar II]] tour. A live version from the tour, recorded in either Philadelphia on 29&nbsp;April 1978 or in Boston on 6&nbsp;May,{{sfn|O'Leary|2019|loc=chap. 3}} appeared on the 1991, 2005 and 2017 reissues of the [[live album]] ''[[Stage (David Bowie album)|Stage]]''.{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}}<ref name="Stage" /> On 2&nbsp;July 1978, a day after the tour's European leg ended, Bowie recorded a studio version at [[Tony Visconti]]'s Good Earth Studios in London with his studio band. Pianist Sean Mayes stated that "it had been such a hit on the tour that David wanted to do it as a single."{{sfn|O'Leary|2019|loc=chap. 3}}{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}} With unconventional key changes, the track "seemed calculated to disrupt any radio programme on which it was lucky enough to get played", in the words of ''[[NME]]'' editors [[Roy Carr]] and [[Charles Shaar Murray]].{{sfn|Carr|Murray|1981|p=108}}


Bowie's studio cut of "Alabama Song", backed by a stripped-down acoustic version of "[[Space Oddity]]",{{sfn|O'Leary|2019|loc=Partial Discography}} was released by [[RCA Records]] as a single on 15&nbsp;February 1980, with the catalogue number RCA BOW&nbsp;5.{{sfn|O'Leary|2019|loc=chap. 3}} It reached number 23 in the UK.{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}} Discussing the track, biographer [[Nicholas Pegg]] calls the track "one of the most defiantly uncommercial, discordant and aggressive recording Bowie ever released".{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}} In 2016, ''[[Ultimate Classic Rock]]'' placed the single at number 84 (out of 119) in a list ranking every Bowie single from worst to best.<ref name="UCRlist">{{cite web |title=Every David Bowie Single Ranked |url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/david-bowie-singles-ranked/ |website=[[Ultimate Classic Rock]] |access-date=19 September 2021 |date=14 January 2016 |archive-date=24 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724234336/https://ultimateclassicrock.com/david-bowie-singles-ranked/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
Bowie's studio cut of "Alabama Song" was released by [[RCA Records]] as a single on 15&nbsp;February 1980, with the catalogue number RCA BOW&nbsp;5.{{sfn|O'Leary|2019|loc=chap. 3}} Reaching number 23 in the UK,<ref>{{cite web |title=David Bowie – full Official Chart History |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/19138/david-bowie/ |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref> the single featured a fold-out sleeve and was backed by Bowie's new acoustic rendition of "[[Space Oddity]]", recorded in December 1979 for ''The "Will Kenny Everett Make It to 1980?" Show''.{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}} Discussing the track, biographer [[Nicholas Pegg]] calls it "one of the most defiantly uncommercial, discordant and aggressive recordings Bowie ever released".{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}} In 2016, ''[[Ultimate Classic Rock]]'' placed the single at number 84 (out of 119) in a list ranking every Bowie single from worst to best.<ref name="UCRlist">{{cite web |title=Every David Bowie Single Ranked |url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/david-bowie-singles-ranked/ |website=[[Ultimate Classic Rock]] |access-date=19 September 2021 |date=14 January 2016 |archive-date=24 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724234336/https://ultimateclassicrock.com/david-bowie-singles-ranked/ |url-status=live}}</ref>


Bowie later appeared in a [[BBC]] version of Brecht's ''[[Baal (play)|Baal]]'', and release an [[Baal (EP)|EP]] of songs from the play.{{sfn|O'Leary|2019|loc=chap. 4}} He subsequently performed "Alabama Song" on his 1990 [[Sound+Vision Tour|Sound+Vision]] and 2002 [[Heathen Tour|Heathen]] tours.{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}} The song also appeared on the 1992 [[Rykodisc]] reissue of ''[[Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps)]]'',<!-- sourced by Pegg --> the [[compilation album]]s ''[[Rare (David Bowie album)|Rare]]'' (1982), ''[[The Singles Collection (David Bowie album)|The Singles Collection]]'' (1993), ''[[The Best of David Bowie 1980/1987]]'' (2005)<!-- sourced by Pegg --> and ''Re:Call 3'', part of the ''[[A New Career in a New Town (1977–1982)]]'' box set, in 2017.{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |title=''The Singles: 1969–1993'' – David Bowie |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-singles-1969-1993-mw0000526484 |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501155129/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-singles-1969-1993-mw0000526484 |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref><ref name="Stage">{{cite web |url=https://www.davidbowie.com/news/new-career-new-town-1977-1982-57146 |title=''A New Career In A New Town (1977–1982)'' – David Bowie Latest News |website=David Bowie Official Website |date=22 July 2016 |access-date=30 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713014523/https://www.davidbowie.com/news/new-career-new-town-1977-1982-57146 |archive-date=13 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Bowie later appeared in a [[BBC]] version of Brecht's ''[[Baal (play)|Baal]]'' and released an [[Baal (EP)|EP]] of songs from the play.{{sfn|O'Leary|2019|loc=chap. 4}} He subsequently performed "Alabama Song" on his 1990 [[Sound+Vision Tour|Sound+Vision]] and 2002 [[Heathen Tour|Heathen]] tours.{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}} The song also appeared on the 1992 [[Rykodisc]] reissue of ''[[Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps)]]'',<!-- sourced by Pegg --> as well as the [[compilation album]]s ''[[Rare (David Bowie album)|Rare]]'' (1982), ''[[The Singles Collection (David Bowie album)|The Singles Collection]]'' (1993), ''[[The Best of David Bowie 1980/1987]]'' (2007)<!-- sourced by Pegg --> and ''Re:Call 3'', part of the ''[[A New Career in a New Town (1977–1982)]]'' box set, in 2017.{{sfn|Pegg|2016|p=17}}<ref name="Stage">{{cite web |url=https://www.davidbowie.com/news/new-career-new-town-1977-1982-57146 |title=''A New Career In A New Town (1977–1982)'' – David Bowie Latest News |website=David Bowie Official Website |date=22 July 2016 |access-date=30 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713014523/https://www.davidbowie.com/news/new-career-new-town-1977-1982-57146 |archive-date=13 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |title=''The Singles: 1969–1993'' – David Bowie |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-singles-1969-1993-mw0000526484 |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501155129/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-singles-1969-1993-mw0000526484 |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>


===Personnel===
===Personnel===
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{{cleanup section|reason=references may not meet [[:WP:SONGTRIVIA]].|date=August 2020}}
{{cleanup section|reason=references may not meet [[:WP:SONGTRIVIA]].|date=August 2020}}
* The [[Watergate Hotel]] lobby whisky bar is named after this song.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Watergate Hotel's luxury whiskey bar gets its name from a Doors song |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/dec/11/watergate-hotels-luxury-whiskey-bar-gets-its-name-/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |newspaper=The Washington Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
* The [[Watergate Hotel]] lobby whisky bar is named after this song.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Watergate Hotel's luxury whiskey bar gets its name from a Doors song |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/dec/11/watergate-hotels-luxury-whiskey-bar-gets-its-name-/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |newspaper=The Washington Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
* The political commenter [[Billmon]] named his blog ''Whiskey Bar'' quoting the song. When he closed the comments, his followers created another blog named ''Moon of Alabama''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Moon Of Alabama |author=Bernhard |url=http://www.moonofalabama.org/about.html |access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref>
* The political commentator [[Billmon]] named his blog ''Whiskey Bar'' quoting the song. When he closed the comments, his followers created another blog named ''Moon of Alabama''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Moon Of Alabama |author=Bernhard |url=http://www.moonofalabama.org/about.html |access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref>


==Selective list of recorded versions==
==Selective list of recorded versions==
Line 136: Line 141:
* [[Marianne Faithfull]] performed this song (along with several other Brecht/Weill songs) live on her ''20th Century Blues'' album released in 1996.
* [[Marianne Faithfull]] performed this song (along with several other Brecht/Weill songs) live on her ''20th Century Blues'' album released in 1996.
* [[David Johansen]] covered the song on a compilation of Kurt Weill's music entitled ''[[September Songs – The Music of Kurt Weill]]'', released in 1997.
* [[David Johansen]] covered the song on a compilation of Kurt Weill's music entitled ''[[September Songs – The Music of Kurt Weill]]'', released in 1997.

==See also==
==See also==
* [[Alabama (disambiguation)#Music|Other "Alabama" songs]]
* [[Alabama (disambiguation)#Music|Other "Alabama" songs]]

Latest revision as of 21:24, 19 September 2024

For the novel, see Alabama Song (novel); for the Allison Moorer album, see Alabama Song (album); for songs with similar titles, see Alabama (disambiguation)#Music.
Alabama Song
song by Kurt Weill
Textby Bertolt Brecht
translated by Elisabeth Hauptmann
LanguageEnglish, trans. from German
Composed1927 (1927)

The "Alabama Song"—also known as "Moon of Alabama", "Moon over Alabama", and "Whisky Bar"—is an English version of a song[clarification needed] written by Bertolt Brecht and translated from German by his close collaborator Elisabeth Hauptmann in 1925 and set to music by Kurt Weill for the 1927 play Little Mahagonny. It was reused for the 1930 opera Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny and has been recorded by the Doors and David Bowie.

Original version

[edit]
"Alabama-Song"
Single by Lotte Lenya
B-sideDenn wie man sich bettet
Recorded24 February 1930
Genre
LabelHomocord
Songwriter(s)Bertolt Brecht, Kurt Weill

The "Alabama Song" was written as a German poem and translated into idiosyncratic English for the author Bertolt Brecht by his close collaborator Elisabeth Hauptmann in 1925[1] and published in Brecht's 1927 Home Devotions (Hauspostille [de]), a parody of Martin Luther's collection of sermons. It was set to music by Kurt Weill for the 1927 play Little Mahagonny (Mahagonny-Songspiel) and reused for Brecht and Weill's 1930 opera Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny), where it is sung by Jenny and her fellow prostitutes in Act I. Although the majority of all three works is in German, the "Alabama Song" retained Hauptmann's English lyrics throughout.

Brecht and Weill's version of the song was first performed by the Viennese actress and dancer Lotte Lenya, Weill's wife,[2] in the role of Jessie at the 1927 Baden-Baden Festival's performance of Little Mahagonny. The first recording of the song—by Lenya for the Homocord record label—came out in early 1930 under the title "Alabama-Song";[3] it was rerecorded the same year for the Ultraphon record label for release with the 1930 Leipzig premiere of The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny, despite Lenya not being a member of that cast.[4] She continued to perform and record the song throughout her life, including for her 1955 album Lotte Lenya Sings Kurt Weill (Lotte Lenya singt Kurt Weill), released in the United States under the title Berlin Theater Songs.[3]

The Doors version

[edit]
"Alabama Song (Whisky Bar)"
Song by the Doors
from the album The Doors
ReleasedJanuary 4, 1967[5]
RecordedAugust 1966
Genre
Length3:20
LabelElektra
Songwriter(s)Bertolt Brecht, Kurt Weill
Producer(s)Paul A. Rothchild

The song was recorded in 1966 by the rock group the Doors, listed as "Alabama Song (Whisky Bar)". According to drummer John Densmore and guitarist Robby Krieger, the song was presented by keyboardist Ray Manzarek to the group during their early years, and due to their dissatisfaction with the melody, they radically changed it.[6][7] The Doors' cover version combines avant-garde[6][8] and polka music influences[9] with psychedelic elements.[10] It was a regular one from their set at the Whisky a Go Go, and Van Morrison reported that he was surprised when he heard the Doors playing it at the venue.[11]

Lead singer Jim Morrison altered the second verse from "Show us the way to the next pretty boy" to "Show me the way to the next little girl",[12] but, on the 1967 Live at the Matrix recording, he sang the original unaltered "next pretty boy".[13] For the Doors' recording, Ray Manzarek also contributed marxophone along with organ and keyboard bass.[14] Manzarek recalled that it was producer Paul Rothchild's idea to provide a marxophone on the track, to which Manzarek ultimately said, "It worked out perfectly, that jingle-jangly sound."[15]

Personnel

[edit]

Per sources:[7][14][15][16][17]

David Bowie version

[edit]
"Alabama Song"
Single by David Bowie
B-side"Space Oddity (1979 version)"
Released15 February 1980 (1980-02-15)
Recorded2 July 1978
StudioGood Earth, London
Genre
Length3:51
LabelRCA
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
David Bowie singles chronology
"John, I'm Only Dancing (Again)"
(1979) 		"Alabama Song"
(1980) 		"Crystal Japan"
(1980)

David Bowie, a Brecht fan, performed the song throughout his 1978 Isolar II tour. A live version from the tour, recorded in either Philadelphia on 29 April 1978 or in Boston on 6 May,[18] appeared on the 1991, 2005 and 2017 reissues of the live album Stage.[19][20] On 2 July 1978, a day after the tour's European leg ended, Bowie recorded a studio version at Tony Visconti's Good Earth Studios in London with his studio band. Pianist Sean Mayes stated that "it had been such a hit on the tour that David wanted to do it as a single."[18][19] With unconventional key changes, the track "seemed calculated to disrupt any radio programme on which it was lucky enough to get played", in the words of NME editors Roy Carr and Charles Shaar Murray.[21]

Bowie's studio cut of "Alabama Song" was released by RCA Records as a single on 15 February 1980, with the catalogue number RCA BOW 5.[18] Reaching number 23 in the UK,[22] the single featured a fold-out sleeve and was backed by Bowie's new acoustic rendition of "Space Oddity", recorded in December 1979 for The "Will Kenny Everett Make It to 1980?" Show.[19] Discussing the track, biographer Nicholas Pegg calls it "one of the most defiantly uncommercial, discordant and aggressive recordings Bowie ever released".[19] In 2016, Ultimate Classic Rock placed the single at number 84 (out of 119) in a list ranking every Bowie single from worst to best.[23]

Bowie later appeared in a BBC version of Brecht's Baal and released an EP of songs from the play.[24] He subsequently performed "Alabama Song" on his 1990 Sound+Vision and 2002 Heathen tours.[19] The song also appeared on the 1992 Rykodisc reissue of Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps), as well as the compilation albums Rare (1982), The Singles Collection (1993), The Best of David Bowie 1980/1987 (2007) and Re:Call 3, part of the A New Career in a New Town (1977–1982) box set, in 2017.[19][20][25]

Personnel

[edit]

According to Chris O'Leary:[18]

Technical

  • David Bowie – producer
  • Tony Visconti – producer
[edit]
  • The Watergate Hotel lobby whisky bar is named after this song.[26]
  • The political commentator Billmon named his blog Whiskey Bar quoting the song. When he closed the comments, his followers created another blog named Moon of Alabama.[27]

Selective list of recorded versions

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Willett, John; et al., eds. (1990), Bertolt Brecht: Poems and Songs from the Plays, Methuen, p. 223
  2. ^ Cad, Saint, "Top 10 Famous Songs With Unknown Originals", Listverse, retrieved 21 June 2013.
  3. ^ a b "Lotte Lenya Discography", Kurt Weill Foundation.
  4. ^ Lenya, Bear Family Records, 1998, p. 32.
  5. ^ "The Doors – Album Details". Thedoors.com. Archived from the original on September 7, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  6. ^ a b Childed, Serg (August 27, 2018). "German roots of the Moon of Alabama". Music Tales. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  7. ^ a b The Doors (2008). Classic Albums: The Doors (DVD). Eagle Rock Entertainment.
  8. ^ Jones, Dylan (2015). Mr Mojo: A Biography of Jim Morrison. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 52. ISBN 978-1408860571.
  9. ^ Luhrssen, David; Larson, Michael (2017). Encyclopedia of Classic Rock. ABC-CLIO. p. 95. ISBN 978-1440835148.
  10. ^ Matijas-Mecca, Christian (2020). Listen to Psychedelic Rock! Exploring a Musical Genre. Hardcover. p. 76. ISBN 978-1440861970.
  11. ^ Fricke, David (April 17, 2015). "Van Morrison: I Didn't Know I Was Going to Have This Body of Work'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  12. ^ Weidman, Richie (2011). The Doors FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Kings of Acid Rock. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 141. ISBN 978-1617131141.
  13. ^ "The Doors: Live at the Matrix 1967". Thedoors.com. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  14. ^ a b The Doors (2008). Classic Albums: The Doors [Extras] (DVD). Eagle Rock Entertainment.
  15. ^ a b Golsen, Tyler (November 19, 2022). "The Bizarre Instrument at the Heart of the Doors' 'Whisky Bar' Cover". Far Out Magazine. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
  16. ^ The Doors (Album notes). The Doors. New York City: Elektra Records. 1967. Back cover. ELK-4007.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  17. ^ Gerstenmeyer, Heinz (2001). The Doors – Sounds for Your Soul – Die Musik Der Doors (in German). p. 11. ISBN 978-3-8311-2057-4.
  18. ^ a b c d O'Leary 2019, chap. 3.
  19. ^ a b c d e f Pegg 2016, p. 17.
  20. ^ a b "A New Career In A New Town (1977–1982) – David Bowie Latest News". David Bowie Official Website. 22 July 2016. Archived from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  21. ^ Carr & Murray 1981, p. 108.
  22. ^ "David Bowie – full Official Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  23. ^ "Every David Bowie Single Ranked". Ultimate Classic Rock. 14 January 2016. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  24. ^ O'Leary 2019, chap. 4.
  25. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "The Singles: 1969–1993 – David Bowie". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  26. ^ "Watergate Hotel's luxury whiskey bar gets its name from a Doors song". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2022-05-26.
  27. ^ Bernhard. "About Moon Of Alabama". Retrieved 2020-06-19.

Bibliography

[edit]
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