Jump to content

Crop Over: Difference between revisions

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
No edit summary
(17 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Harvest festival in Barbados}}
{{Infobox holiday
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Crop Over
|holiday_name = Crop Over
|type = cultural
|type = Cultural
|observedby = [[Barbados]]
|observedby = [[Barbados]]
|longtype = Cultural
|longtype = Cultural
|significance = End of annual harvest
|significance = End of annual harvest
|date = June to first Monday in August<br />Dates below are for Kadooment
|date = First Monday in August<br />Dates below are for Kadooment
|week_ordinal = first
|week_ordinal = first
|weekday = Monday
|weekday = Monday
Line 14: Line 15:
|frequency = Annual
|frequency = Annual
}}
}}
'''Crop Over''' is a traditional [[harvest festival]] which began in [[Barbados]], having had its early beginnings on the sugar cane plantations during slavery. The original crop-over tradition began in 1687 as a way to mark the end of the yearly harvest, but was wide-spread throughout the region at the time, including in [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|St. Vincent]], [[Trinidad]] and [[Jamaica]]. As such, it still shares similarities with [[Caribbean Carnival|Carnival]] in [[Brazilian Carnival|Brazil]] and [[Trinidad Carnival|Trinidad]]. Many crop-over celebrations were organized and sponsored by planters, who used gifts of food and liquor as a means of reenforcing and excusing the continued enslavement of their labour force. However, slaves would also have often unsanctioned fetes that featured singing, dancing and accompaniment by bottles filled with water, ''[[shak-shak]]'', [[banjo]], [[triangle (musical instrument)|triangle]], [[fiddle]], [[guitar]], and [[Bones (instrument)|bones]] that were more in keeping with their ancestral culture.<ref>Hilary Beckles, A History of Barbados, Cambridge University Press, 2006 </ref> Other traditions that were later added included climbing a greased pole, feasting and drinking competitions. However, with the harsh effects of [[World War II]] on Barbados, these annual celebrations came to an end. The Crop Over Festival was first launched on Monday June 1st 1970 but it wasn't officially called a festival until 4 years later
'''Crop Over''' is a traditional [[harvest festival]] which began in [[Barbados]], having had its early beginnings on the sugar cane plantations during slavery.
==History==
The original crop-over tradition began in 1687 as a way to mark the end of the yearly harvest, but was wide-spread throughout the region at the time, including in [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|St. Vincent]], [[Trinidad]] and [[Jamaica]]. As such, it still shares similarities with [[Caribbean Carnival|Carnival]] in [[Brazilian Carnival|Brazil]] and [[Trinidad Carnival|Trinidad]]. Many crop-over celebrations were organized and sponsored by planters, who used gifts of food and liquor as a means of reenforcing and excusing the continued enslavement of their labour force. However, slaves would also have often unsanctioned fetes that featured singing, dancing and accompaniment by bottles filled with water, ''[[shak-shak]]'', [[banjo]], [[triangle (musical instrument)|triangle]], [[fiddle]], [[guitar]], and [[Bones (instrument)|bones]] that were more in keeping with their ancestral culture.<ref>Hilary Beckles, A History of Barbados, Cambridge University Press, 2006 </ref> Other traditions that were later added included climbing a greased pole, feasting and drinking competitions. However, with the harsh effects of [[World War II]] on Barbados, these annual celebrations came to an end. The Crop Over Festival was first launched on June 1, 1970, around the same time as the birth of [[Alison Hinds]], but was not officially called a festival until four years later.
.


Crop Over was revived and organized as a national festival in 1974 by local stakeholders including [[Julian Marryshow]], [[Flora Spencer]], [[Emile Straker]], and [[Livvy Burrowes]] with the Barbados Tourist Board, as a way to attract more tourists to the island and revive interest in local folk culture.<ref>{{cite news |title=The father of Crop-Over |first=Gercine |last=Carter |url=http://www.nationnews.com/index.php/articles/view/the-father-of-crop-over/ |newspaper=[[The Daily Nation (Barbados)|Nation Newspaper]] |date=July 23, 2010 |access-date=October 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621002003/http://www.nationnews.com/index.php/articles/view/the-father-of-crop-over |archive-date=June 21, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Beginning in June, Crop Over now runs until the first Monday in August when it culminates in the finale, [[Kadooment Day|The Grand Kadooment]].
Crop Over was revived and organized as a national festival in 1974 by local stakeholders including [[Julian Marryshow]], [[Flora Spencer]], [[Emile Straker]], and [[Livvy Burrowes]] with the Barbados Tourist Board, as a way to attract more tourists to the island and revive interest in local folk culture.<ref>{{cite news |title=The father of Crop-Over |first=Gercine |last=Carter |url=http://www.nationnews.com/index.php/articles/view/the-father-of-crop-over/ |newspaper=[[The Daily Nation (Barbados)|Nation Newspaper]] |date=July 23, 2010 |access-date=October 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621002003/http://www.nationnews.com/index.php/articles/view/the-father-of-crop-over |archive-date=June 21, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Beginning in June, Crop Over now runs until the first Monday in August when it culminates in the finale, [[Kadooment Day|The Grand Kadooment]].


==Customs and tradition==
The entire two months have a party-like atmosphere, with a variety of public and privately held events. The various official 'Events Barbados' festival albums typify the sense of national merriment which is prevalent across the season (see {{cite web |title=Official Event Galleries |url=https://www.myeventsbarbados.com/gallery }}). The private events serve as the lead up to Kadooment Day and have many concepts such as sunrise, cooler, sunset, and all-inclusive themes. One of the major public features held is the calypso competition. [[Calypso music]], originating in Trinidad, uses syncopated rhythm and topical lyrics which may satirise local politics or comment on the issues of the day. [[Calypso tent]]s feature a cadre of calypsonians who perform biting social commentaries on the happenings of the past year, political exposés or rousing exhortations to ''wuk up'' or "wine up", "jonesing", ''roll de bumper'', guh down (pronounced "dung") and "six-thirty" dance. Most recently, local variations of [[soca music]] have also featured prominently at the festival. There are also craft markets, food tents and stalls, street parties and cavalcades every week supplemented by other daily events.
The entire two months have a party-like atmosphere, with a variety of public and privately held events. The various official 'Events Barbados' festival albums typify the sense of national merriment which is prevalent across the season (see {{cite web |title=Official Event Galleries |url=https://www.myeventsbarbados.com/gallery }}). The private events serve as the lead up to Kadooment Day and have many concepts such as sunrise, cooler, sunset, and all-inclusive themes. One of the major public features held is the calypso competition. [[Calypso music]], originating in Trinidad, uses syncopated rhythm and topical lyrics which may satirise local politics or comment on the issues of the day. [[Calypso tent]]s feature a cadre of calypsonians who perform biting social commentaries on the happenings of the past year, political exposés or rousing exhortations to ''wuk up'' or "wine up", "jonesing", ''roll de bumper'', guh down (pronounced "dung") and "six-thirty" dance. Most recently, local variations of [[soca music]] have also featured prominently at the festival. There are also craft markets, food tents and stalls, street parties and cavalcades every week supplemented by other daily events.


Competition 'tents' ring with the fierce battle of calypsonians for the coveted [[Calypso music|Calypso]] Monarch Award. There are also the [[People's Monarch]] and [[Party Monarch]] competitions. The People's Monarch is a competition in which the public are given groups of songs; each group with two songs, and they vote until a winner is chosen. The Party Monarch competition, however, is chosen by a panel of judges and is based on presentation. Therefore, you may have the best song but not be able to make use of stage and props and not be crowned 'Party Monarch King/Queen'. The competition is held on the Ermy Bourne Highway, commonly known as East Coast. The air is redolent with the smells of Barbadian cooking during the [[Bridgetown Market Street Fair]]. Rich with the [[spirit]] of local [[culture]], the [[Cohobblopot Festival]] blends dance and [[drama]] and [[music]] with the crowning of the King and Queen of costume bands. Every evening the 'Pic-o-de-Crop' Show is performed when finally the King of Calypso is crowned. The climax of the festival is [[Kadooment Day]] celebrated with a national holiday when costume bands fill the streets with [[Culture of Barbados|Barbadian]] music and [[fireworks]].
Competition 'tents' ring with the fierce battle of calypsonians for the coveted [[Calypso music|Calypso]] Monarch Award. There are also the [[People's Monarch]] and [[Party Monarch]] competitions. The People's Monarch is a competition in which the public are given groups of songs; each group with two songs, and they vote until a winner is chosen. The Party Monarch competition, however, is chosen by a panel of judges and is based on presentation. Therefore, you may have the best song but not be able to make use of stage and props and not be crowned 'Party Monarch King/Queen'. The competition is held on the Ermy Bourne Highway, commonly known as East Coast. The air is redolent with the smells of Barbadian cooking during the [[Bridgetown Market Street Fair]]. Rich with the spirit of local [[culture]], the [[Cohobblopot Festival]] blends dance and [[drama]] and [[music]] with the crowning of the King and Queen of costume bands. Every evening the 'Pic-o-de-Crop' Show is performed when finally the King of Calypso is crowned. The climax of the festival is [[Kadooment Day]] celebrated with a national holiday when costume bands fill the streets with [[Culture of Barbados|Barbadian]] music and [[fireworks]].


2020's Crop Over and [[National Independence Festival of Creative Arts]] (NIFCA) were both cancelled due to the ongoing [[2020_coronavirus_pandemic_in_Barbados|coronavirus pandemic]].<ref name="cancelled-2020">{{Cite web|url=https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/blog/no-nifca-or-crop-over-festival-for-2020/ |title=No NIFCA Or Crop Over Festival For 2020 |date=19 April 2020| work=Barbados GIS}}</ref>
2020's Crop Over and [[National Independence Festival of Creative Arts]] (NIFCA) were both cancelled due to the [[2020_coronavirus_pandemic_in_Barbados|coronavirus pandemic]].<ref name="cancelled-2020">{{Cite web|url=https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/blog/no-nifca-or-crop-over-festival-for-2020/ |title=No NIFCA Or Crop Over Festival For 2020 |date=19 April 2020| work=Barbados GIS}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 33: Line 37:


==Further notes==
==Further notes==
*[http://gocaribbean.about.com/od/attractions/ss/The-Crop-Over-Festival-Barbados-Annual-Carnival-Celebration.htm The Crop Over Festival: Barbados' Annual Carnival Celebration], by Baz Dreisinger, About.com
*[http://gocaribbean.about.com/od/attractions/ss/The-Crop-Over-Festival-Barbados-Annual-Carnival-Celebration.htm The Crop Over Festival: Barbados' Annual Carnival Celebration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326165243/http://gocaribbean.about.com/od/attractions/ss/The-Crop-Over-Festival-Barbados-Annual-Carnival-Celebration.htm |date=2012-03-26 }}, by Baz Dreisinger, About.com


==External links==
==External links==
Line 44: Line 48:
{{Carnival around the world}}
{{Carnival around the world}}


[[Category:Barbadian culture]]
[[Category:Culture of Barbados]]
[[Category:Carnivals in Barbados]]
[[Category:Carnivals in Barbados]]
[[Category:Harvest festivals]]
[[Category:Harvest festivals]]
[[Category:History of sugar]]
[[Category:History of sugar]]
[[Category:Food and drink festivals in Barbados]]
[[Category:Food and drink festivals in Barbados]]
[[Category:Festivals established in 1688]]
[[Category:Festivals established in the 17th century]]
[[Category:Music festivals established in 1688]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 1688]]
[[Category:1688 in music]]
[[Category:1688 establishments in the British Empire]]
[[Category:1688 establishments in the British Empire]]
[[Category:Music festivals in Barbados]]
[[Category:Music festivals in Barbados]]
[[Category:Carnival]]
[[Category:Carnival]]
[[Category:Summer events in Barbados]]
[[Category:Summer events in Barbados]]
[[Category:Folk festivals in Barbados]]

Revision as of 19:56, 28 September 2024

Crop Over
Observed byBarbados
TypeCultural
SignificanceEnd of annual harvest
CelebrationsProcessions, music, dancing, and the use of masquerade
DateFirst Monday in August
Dates below are for Kadooment
2023 dateAugust 7  (2023-08-07)
2024 dateAugust 5  (2024-08-05)
2025 dateAugust 4  (2025-08-04)
2026 dateAugust 3  (2026-08-03)
FrequencyAnnual
Related toCaribbean Carnival, Carnival

Crop Over is a traditional harvest festival which began in Barbados, having had its early beginnings on the sugar cane plantations during slavery.

History

The original crop-over tradition began in 1687 as a way to mark the end of the yearly harvest, but was wide-spread throughout the region at the time, including in St. Vincent, Trinidad and Jamaica. As such, it still shares similarities with Carnival in Brazil and Trinidad. Many crop-over celebrations were organized and sponsored by planters, who used gifts of food and liquor as a means of reenforcing and excusing the continued enslavement of their labour force. However, slaves would also have often unsanctioned fetes that featured singing, dancing and accompaniment by bottles filled with water, shak-shak, banjo, triangle, fiddle, guitar, and bones that were more in keeping with their ancestral culture.[2] Other traditions that were later added included climbing a greased pole, feasting and drinking competitions. However, with the harsh effects of World War II on Barbados, these annual celebrations came to an end. The Crop Over Festival was first launched on June 1, 1970, around the same time as the birth of Alison Hinds, but was not officially called a festival until four years later.

Crop Over was revived and organized as a national festival in 1974 by local stakeholders including Julian Marryshow, Flora Spencer, Emile Straker, and Livvy Burrowes with the Barbados Tourist Board, as a way to attract more tourists to the island and revive interest in local folk culture.[3] Beginning in June, Crop Over now runs until the first Monday in August when it culminates in the finale, The Grand Kadooment.

Customs and tradition

The entire two months have a party-like atmosphere, with a variety of public and privately held events. The various official 'Events Barbados' festival albums typify the sense of national merriment which is prevalent across the season (see "Official Event Galleries".). The private events serve as the lead up to Kadooment Day and have many concepts such as sunrise, cooler, sunset, and all-inclusive themes. One of the major public features held is the calypso competition. Calypso music, originating in Trinidad, uses syncopated rhythm and topical lyrics which may satirise local politics or comment on the issues of the day. Calypso tents feature a cadre of calypsonians who perform biting social commentaries on the happenings of the past year, political exposés or rousing exhortations to wuk up or "wine up", "jonesing", roll de bumper, guh down (pronounced "dung") and "six-thirty" dance. Most recently, local variations of soca music have also featured prominently at the festival. There are also craft markets, food tents and stalls, street parties and cavalcades every week supplemented by other daily events.

Competition 'tents' ring with the fierce battle of calypsonians for the coveted Calypso Monarch Award. There are also the People's Monarch and Party Monarch competitions. The People's Monarch is a competition in which the public are given groups of songs; each group with two songs, and they vote until a winner is chosen. The Party Monarch competition, however, is chosen by a panel of judges and is based on presentation. Therefore, you may have the best song but not be able to make use of stage and props and not be crowned 'Party Monarch King/Queen'. The competition is held on the Ermy Bourne Highway, commonly known as East Coast. The air is redolent with the smells of Barbadian cooking during the Bridgetown Market Street Fair. Rich with the spirit of local culture, the Cohobblopot Festival blends dance and drama and music with the crowning of the King and Queen of costume bands. Every evening the 'Pic-o-de-Crop' Show is performed when finally the King of Calypso is crowned. The climax of the festival is Kadooment Day celebrated with a national holiday when costume bands fill the streets with Barbadian music and fireworks.

2020's Crop Over and National Independence Festival of Creative Arts (NIFCA) were both cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic.[1]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b "No NIFCA Or Crop Over Festival For 2020". Barbados GIS. 19 April 2020.
  2. ^ Hilary Beckles, A History of Barbados, Cambridge University Press, 2006
  3. ^ Carter, Gercine (July 23, 2010). "The father of Crop-Over". Nation Newspaper. Archived from the original on June 21, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2011.

Further notes

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crop_Over&oldid=1248306108"