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Coordinates: 33°57′28″N 130°56′29″E / 33.95778°N 130.94139°E / 33.95778; 130.94139
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{{Short description|City in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Short description|City in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Cleanup list|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shimonoseki
| name = Shimonoseki
Line 8: Line 7:
| settlement_type = [[Core cities of Japan|Core city]]
| settlement_type = [[Core cities of Japan|Core city]]
| other_name =
| other_name =
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline = Central_Shimonoseki_and_Kanmon_Strait.JPG
| image_skyline = Central_Shimonoseki_and_Kanmon_Strait.JPG
| image_caption = Central Shimonoseki and Kanmon Strait
| image_caption = Central Shimonoseki and Kanmon Strait
| image_flag = Flag of Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi.svg
| image_seal = Emblem of Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi.svg
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=265|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=8}}
| seal_type = Emblem
| map_caption = Location of Shimonoseki in [[Yamaguchi Prefecture]]
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=265|plain=yes|frame-align=center|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=8}}
| map_caption = Location of Shimonoseki in Yamaguchi Prefecture
| image_map1 = Shimonoseki in Yamaguchi Prefecture Ja.svg
| image_map1 = Shimonoseki in Yamaguchi Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_caption1 =
| map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture#Japan
| pushpin_map = Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture#Japan
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan
| coordinates = {{coord|33|57|N|130|56|E|region:JP-35|display=it}}
| coordinates = {{coord|33|57|28|N|130|56|29|E|region:JP-35|display=it}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Japan
| subdivision_name = Japan
Line 23: Line 25:
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chūgoku region|Chūgoku]] ([[San'yō region|San'yō]])
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chūgoku region|Chūgoku]] ([[San'yō region|San'yō]])
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Yamaguchi Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Yamaguchi]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Japan|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Japan|District]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title = First official recorded
| established_title =
| established_date = 192 AD
| established_date =
| established_title2 = As city settled for Akamazeki
| established_title2 = As Akamagaseki
| established_date2 = April 1, 1889
| established_date2 = April 1, 1889
| established_title3 = Current city's name changed
| established_title3 = As Shimonoseki
| established_date3 = June 1, 1902
| established_date3 = June 1, 1902
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title = Mayor
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| leader_name1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 716.14
| area_total_km2 = 716.18
| population_total = 265,684
| population_total = 248,193
| population_as_of = October 1, 2016
| population_as_of = June 30, 2023
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
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| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
| website = {{URL|www.city.shimonoseki.lg.jp}}
| website = {{Official|www.city.shimonoseki.lg.jp}}
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| tree = [[Camphor Laurel]]
| tree = [[Sakura]]
| flower = [[Crinum|Crinum asiaticum]]
| flower = [[Rhododendron]]
| bird =
| bird = [[Penguin]]
| butterfly =
| insect = [[Firefly]]
| fish =
| fish = [[Fugu]]
}}
}}
| image_seal = Emblem of Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi.svg
}}
}}
[[file:141122 Shimonoseki City Hall Yamaguchi pref Japan01s3.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Shimonoseki city hall]]
[[File:Choshu-Battery-Capture-Shimonoseki-1864.jpg|thumb|Captured battery at Shimonoseki, 1864]]
[[File:Kozanji Temple (Shimonoseki).JPG|thumb|[[Kōzan-ji (Shimonoseki)|Kōzan-ji Temple]]]]
[[File:AntokuTennou Engi.7&8 Dannoura Kassen.jpg|thumb|Battle of Dan-no-Ura in 1185]]


{{nihongo|'''Shimonoseki'''|下関市|Shimonoseki-shi|lead=yes}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Yamaguchi Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. With a population of 265,684, it is the largest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the fifth-largest city in the [[Chūgoku region]]. It is located at the southwestern tip of [[Honshu]] facing the [[Tsushima Strait]] at the entrance to the [[Kanmon Straits]] (also known as the Straits of Shimonoseki) across from the city of [[Kitakyushu]] and the island of [[Kyushu]]. It is nicknamed the "[[Fugu]] Capital" for the locally caught [[pufferfish]], and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
{{nihongo|'''Shimonoseki'''|下関市|Shimonoseki-shi|lead=yes}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Yamaguchi Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of|2023|06|30}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 248,193 in 128,762 households and a [[population density]] of 350 persons per km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="Shimonoseki-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.shimonoseki.lg.jp/soshiki/134/1190.html|title= Shimonoseki City official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|716.18|sqkm|sqmi}}. It is the largest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the fifth-largest city in the [[Chūgoku region]] in terms of population. It is nicknamed the "[[Fugu]] Capital" for the locally caught [[pufferfish]], and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}


==History==
==History==
The geographical position of Shimonoseki has given it historical importance. The [[Heike clan|Heike]] and [[Genji clan|Genji]] fought at [[Battle of Dan-no-ura|Dan-no-ura]] near the present [[Kanmonkyo Bridge|Kanmon Bridge]]. In February 1691, German explorer [[Engelbert Kaempfer]] visited the town as part of his two-year stay in Japan, and described it as having around 400 to 500 houses, and as a major port in the region for supplying ship provisions.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kaempfer|first=Engelbert|title=Histoire naturelle, civile et ecclésiastique de l'Empire du Japon. Tome 2 (translated by François Naudé)|year=1729|location=[[The Hague]]|pages=176|language=fr}}</ref> The [[Shimonoseki campaign|Bombardment of Shimonoseki]] occurred in 1864, and the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] was signed there in 1895, seeing a defeated China hand over [[Taiwan]], [[Penghu]], and [[Lüshunkou|Port Arthur]] to the victorious Japanese.
Shimonoseki is part of ancient [[Nagato Province]]. It has prospered since ancient times as the gateway to Honshu island from the Asian continent, including Kyushu, China, and the [[Korean peninsula]]. According to the ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'', the semi-legendary [[Emperor Chuai]] constructed a palace at the location of what is now the Shimonoseki city hall during the [[Kofun period]]. The name of "Shimonoseki" appears in [[Heian period]] documents from 869 AD as the location of a checkpoint controlling maritime access to the Seto Inland Sea; however, by the [[Kamakura period]], the name of "Akamanoseki" was in more common use. During the [[Genpei War]], the [[Heike clan|Heike]] and [[Genji clan|Genji]] fought at the [[Battle of Dan-no-ura]] near the present [[Kanmonkyo Bridge|Kanmon Bridge]]. During the [[Muromachi period]], the powerful [[Ōuchi clan]] was ''[[shugo]]'' of both Nagato and [[Buzen Province]] in [[Kyushu]] and thus controlled trade and diplomatic missions from [[Ming dynasty|Ming China]] and [[Joseon|Joseon Korea]]. In the [[Edo period]], the area was part of [[Chōfu Domain]] controlled by the [[Mōri clan]]. In February 1691, German explorer [[Engelbert Kaempfer]] visited the town as part of his two-year stay in Japan, and described it as having around 400 to 500 houses, and as a major port in the region for supplying ship provisions.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kaempfer|first=Engelbert|title=Histoire naturelle, civile et ecclésiastique de l'Empire du Japon. Tome 2 (translated by François Naudé)|year=1729|location=[[The Hague]]|pages=176|language=fr}}</ref> During the [[Bakumatsu period]], the [[Shimonoseki campaign|Bombardment of Shimonoseki]] occurred in 1864, and in the early [[Meiji period]], the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] was signed in 1895, seeing a defeated China hand over [[Taiwan]], [[Penghu]], and [[Lüshunkou|Port Arthur]] to the victorious Japanese at the end of the [[First Sino-Japanese War]]. An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Shimonoseki as an open port for trading with the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>US Department of State. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dKCOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA759&dq= ''A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements'' (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759].</ref>


Akamagaseki city was established on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. The city was renamed Shimonoseki on June 1, 1902.
An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Shimonoseki as an open port for trading with the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>US Department of State. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dKCOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA759&dq= ''A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements'' (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759].</ref>


On February 13, 2005, Shimonoseki absorbed the towns of [[Hōhoku, Yamaguchi|Hōhoku]], [[Kikugawa, Yamaguchi|Kikugawa]], [[Toyota, Yamaguchi|Toyota]] and [[Toyoura, Yamaguchi|Toyoura]] (all from [[Toyoura District, Yamaguchi|Toyoura District]]) to create the new and expanded city of Shimonseki. Since October 1, 2005, the city has been designated as a [[Core cities of Japan|core city]] by the Japanese government with increased local autonomy.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
[[File:Choshu-Battery-Capture-Shimonoseki-1864.jpg|thumb|Captured battery at Shimonoseki, 1864]]

[[File:Kozanji Temple (Shimonoseki).JPG|thumb|[[Kōzan-ji (Shimonoseki)|Kōzan-ji Temple]]]]
==Geography==
[[File:AntokuTennou Engi.7&8 Dannoura Kassen.jpg|thumb|Battle of Dan-no-Ura in 1185]]
Shimonoseki is located at the westernmost point of Yamaguchi Prefecture and the westernmost point of [[Honshu]]. It borders the [[Sea of Japan]] to the west and the [[Seto Inland Sea]] to the south across the [[Kanmon Straits]]. It is long in the north-south direction and has a fan shape that opens to the Seto Inland Sea. The [[Asa River (Japan)|Asa River]] flows from the north to the central area, and the Ariho River flows from the northeast to the east, flowing southward into the Seto Inland Sea. The city hall is located on the west bank of the Ariho River mouth.


=== Neighbouring municipalities ===
On February 13, 2005, Shimonoseki absorbed the towns of [[Hōhoku, Yamaguchi|Hōhoku]], [[Kikugawa, Yamaguchi|Kikugawa]], [[Toyota, Yamaguchi|Toyota]] and [[Toyoura, Yamaguchi|Toyoura]] (all from [[Toyoura District, Yamaguchi|Toyoura District]]) to create the new and expanded city of Shimonseki. Since October 1, 2005, the city has been designated as a [[Core cities of Japan|core city]] by the Japanese Government.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
Yamaguchi Prefecture
* [[Mine, Yamaguchi|Mine]]
* [[Nagato, Yamaguchi|Nagato]]
* [[San'yō-Onoda, Yamaguchi|San'yō-Onoda]]


==Climate==
==Climate==
Shimonoseki has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'') with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is heavier in summer.
Shimonoseki has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'') with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is heavier in summer.


{{Weather box|width=auto
{{Weather box
|width=auto
|location = Shimonoseki (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1883−present)
|single line = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Shimonoseki (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1883−present)
|Jan record high C = 19.1
|Jan record high C = 19.1
|Feb record high C = 23.7
|Feb record high C = 23.7
Line 228: Line 239:
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 2, 2022}}</ref>}}
| access-date = March 2, 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Weather box|width=auto
{{Weather box
|width=auto
|collapsed = Y
|location = [[Toyota, Yamaguchi|Toyota]], Shimonoseki (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present)
|single line = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = [[Toyota, Yamaguchi|Toyota]], Shimonoseki (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present)
|Jan record high C = 16.7
|Jan record high C = 16.7
|Feb record high C = 21.8
|Feb record high C = 21.8
Line 240: Line 253:
|Jul record high C = 35.7
|Jul record high C = 35.7
|Aug record high C = 36.2
|Aug record high C = 36.2
|Sep record high C = 33.9
|Sep record high C = 35.0
|Oct record high C = 30.7
|Oct record high C = 30.7
|Nov record high C = 26.0
|Nov record high C = 26.0
Line 344: Line 357:
==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Per Japanese census data, the population of Shimonoseki in 2020 is 255,051 people.<ref name=zensus/> Shimonoseki has been conducting censuses since 1920.
Per Japanese census data, the population of Shimonoseki in 2020 is 255,051 people.<ref name=zensus/> Shimonoseki has been conducting censuses since 1920.

{{Historical populations
{{Historical populations
| 1920 | 192840
| 1920 | 192840
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| 2015 | 268517
| 2015 | 268517
| 2020 | 255051
| 2020 | 255051
|align = none
|align = none
|cols=3
|cols = 1
| footnote = Shimonoseki population statistics<ref name=zensus>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/yamaguchi/ Shimonoseki population statistics]</ref>
| footnote = Shimonoseki population statistics<ref name=zensus>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/yamaguchi/ Shimonoseki population statistics]</ref>
}}
}}


==Government==
== Transportation ==
Shimonoseki has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 34 members. Shimonoseki contributes ten members to the Yamaguchi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the [[Yamaguchi 4th district]] of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].
{{more citations needed|section|date=February 2021}}


==Economy==
===Ferries from Shimonoseki Port International Terminal===
Having prospered as a port city, Shimonoseki has long had a thriving industry related to shipping, trade, and finance. It is still the center of the prefecture in terms of economy.
*The [[Kanpu ferry]] to [[Busan]], South Korea regularly.
*The [[Gwangyang Beech]] to [[Gwangyang]], South Korea regularly.
*The [[Orient ferry]] to [[Shanghai]], China regularly.
*The [[Orient ferry]] to [[Qingdao]], China was suspended in November 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orientferry.co.jp/schedule/OFsuspension.pdf|script-title=ja:オリエントフェリー運航一時休止について（お知らせ）|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207030804/http://www.orientferry.co.jp/schedule/OFsuspension.pdf|archive-date=2016-02-07}}</ref>


===Trains===
==Education==
===Universities and colleges===
[[File:Shimonoseki jrnetwork.png|thumb|500px|JR network map]]
[[File:University of East Asia.jpg|thumb|right|University of East Asia]]
*The main [[Shinkansen]] station
* [[Baiko Gakuin University]]
**'''[[Sanyō Shinkansen]]'''
* [[Baiko Gakuin University Women's Junior College]]
***[[Shin-Shimonoseki Station]]
* [[National Fisheries University]]
*The main [[JR West]] stations
* [[Shimonoseki City University]]
**'''[[San'yō Main Line]]'''
***'''[[Shimonoseki Station]]'''
* [[Shimonoseki Junior College]]
* [[University of East Asia]]
***[[Hatabu Station]] - Hatabu Station is a railway station on the San'yō Main Line and the San'in Main Line.
***'''[[Shin-Shimonoseki Station]]''' - Shin-Shimonoseki Station is a railway station on the Sanyō Shinkansen Line and the San'yō Main Line.
***[[Chōfu Station (Yamaguchi)|Chōfu Station]]
***[[Ozuki Station]]
**'''[[San'in Main Line]]'''
***[[Hatabu Station]]
***[[Ayaragi Station]]
***[[Kajikuri-Gōdaichi Station]]
***[[Yasuoka Station]]
***[[Fukue Station]]
***[[Yoshimi Station]]
***[[Umegatō Station]]
***[[Kuroimura Station]]
***[[Kawatana-Onsen Station]]
***[[Kogushi Station]]
***[[Yutama Station]]
***[[Ukahongō Station]]
***[[Nagato-Futami Station]]
***[[Takibe Station]]
***[[Kottoi Station]]
***[[Agawa Station]]
***[[Nagato-Awano Station]]


===Primary and secondary schools===
===Buses===
Shimonoseki has 41 public elementary school and 21 public junior high schools and one public high school operated by the city government. The city has nine public high schools operated by the Yamaguchi Prefectural Board of Education. There are also one private junior high school and five private high schools. The prefecture also operates four special education schools for the handicapped.
Regular bus services are provided by Sanden Kohtsu, as well as by group companies of Sanden Kohtsu.
*Bus companies (A loop-line bus in the city.)
** Sanden Kohtsu Co., Ltd.
** Blue Line Kohtsu Co., Ltd.
*Intercity bus services (arrival and departure in Shimonoseki city) go to the following destinations: [[Tokyo]], [[Osaka]], [[Kobe]], [[Hiroshima]], [[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]], [[Fukuoka Airport]], etc.


The city has a [[Chosen gakko|North Korean school]], {{Nihongo|Yamaguchi Korean Elementary and Junior High School|[[:ja:山口朝鮮初中級学校|山口朝鮮初中級学校]]}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html |script-title=ja:ウリハッキョ一覧 |publisher=[[Chongryon]] |access-date=October 14, 2015 |archive-date=December 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219132215/http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html |url-status=live }}().</ref> It formerly housed two other North Korean schools, [[Yamaguchi Korean High School]] and {{Nihongo|Shimonoseki Korean Elementary and Junior High School|[[:ja:下関朝鮮初中級学校|下関朝鮮初中級学校]]}}.<ref name=Formerschools>{{cite web |url=http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051106010302/http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 6, 2005 |script-title=ja:ウリハッキョ一覧 |publisher=[[Chongryon]] |date=November 6, 2005 |access-date=October 15, 2015}}</ref>
===Roads===


== Transportation ==
====Expressway====
[[File:Shimonoseki jrnetwork.png|thumb|500px|JR network map]]
;[[Chūgoku Expressway]]
=== Railway ===
*Shimonoseki interchange
{{ric|JR West|Sanyo Shinkansen|name=}} [[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]] – [[San'yō Shinkansen]]
*Ozuki interchange
*{{STN|Shin-Shimonoseki}}
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]] (JR West) - [[San'yō Main Line]]
* {{STN|Ozuki}} - {{STN|Chōfu|Yamaguchi}} - {{STN|Shin-Shimonoseki}} - {{STN|Hatabu}} - {{STN|Shimonoseki}}
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]] (JR West) - [[San'in Main Line]]
* {{STN|Nagato-Awano}} - {{STN|Agawa}} - {{STN|Kottoi}} - {{STN|Takibe}} - {{STN|Nagato-Futami}} - {{STN|Ukahongō}} - {{STN|Yutama}} - {{STN|Kogushi}} - {{STN|Kawatana-Onsen}} - {{STN|Kuroimura}} - {{STN|Umegatō}} - {{STN|Yoshimi}} - {{STN|Fukue}} - {{STN|Yasuoka}} - {{STN|Kajikuri-Gōdaichi}} - {{STN|Ayaragi}} - {{STN|Hatabu}} - {{STN|Shimonoseki}}


====Bypasses====
=== Highways ===
* [[File:JP Expressway E2A.svg|25px|link=|alt=]] [[Chugoku Expressway]]
* Ozuki Bypass
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|2}}
* Shimonoseki-Kita Bypass
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|9}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|191}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|435}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|491}}


===Ferries from Shimonoseki Port International Terminal===
====National Highways====
*The [[Kanpu ferry]] to [[Busan]], South Korea regularly.
* [[Japan National Route 2|National Route 2]]
*The [[Gwangyang Beech]] to [[Gwangyang]], South Korea regularly.
* [[Japan National Route 9|National Route 9]]
*The [[Orient ferry]] to [[Shanghai]], China regularly.
* [[Japan National Route 191|National Route 191]]
*The [[Orient ferry]] to [[Qingdao]], China was suspended in November 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orientferry.co.jp/schedule/OFsuspension.pdf|script-title=ja:オリエントフェリー運航一時休止について（お知らせ）|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207030804/http://www.orientferry.co.jp/schedule/OFsuspension.pdf|archive-date=2016-02-07 |title=European Inbound tour operator - OsaTravel }}</ref>
* [[Japan National Route 435|National Route 435]]
* [[Japan National Route 491|National Route 491]]


===Airports===
==Sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan}}
Shimonoseki is served by four airports outside the city.
Shimonoseki is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=姉妹友好都市|url=http://www.city.shimonoseki.lg.jp/www/genre/0000000000000/1361524040470/index.html|website=city.shimonoseki.lg.jp|publisher=Shimonoseki|language=ja|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219100018/http://www.city.shimonoseki.lg.jp/www/genre/0000000000000/1361524040470/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Kitakyūshū Airport]]
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Saga Airport]]
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]], Brazil (1971)
*[[Yamaguchi Ube Airport]] (only for domestic flights)
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Istanbul]], Turkey (1972)
*[[Fukuoka Airport]]
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Busan]], South Korea (1976)

*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Qingdao]], China (1979)
==Education==
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Pittsburg, California|Pittsburg]] (California), United States (1998)

{{div col end}}
===Universities and colleges===
[[File:University of East Asia.jpg|thumb|University of East Asia]]
* {{nihongo|[[National Fisheries University]]|水産大学校|Suisan daigakkō}} (Yoshimi)
* [[Shimonoseki City University]] (Daigaku-cho)
* [[University of East Asia]] (Shin-Shimonoseki Station)
* [[Baiko Gakuin University]] (Higashieki)
** [[Baiko Gakuin University Women's Junior College]] (Shimonoseki)
* [[Shimonoseki Junior College]] (Sakurayama-cho)

===Primary and secondary schools===
{{expand section|date=October 2015}}
The city has a [[Chosen gakko|North Korean school]], {{Nihongo|Yamaguchi Korean Elementary and Junior High School|[[:ja:山口朝鮮初中級学校|山口朝鮮初中級学校]]}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html |script-title=ja:ウリハッキョ一覧 |publisher=[[Chongryon]] |access-date=October 14, 2015 |archive-date=December 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219132215/http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html |url-status=live }}().</ref> It formerly housed two other North Korean schools, [[Yamaguchi Korean High School]] and {{Nihongo|Shimonoseki Korean Elementary and Junior High School|[[:ja:下関朝鮮初中級学校|下関朝鮮初中級学校]]}}.<ref name=Formerschools>{{cite web |url=http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051106010302/http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 6, 2005 |script-title=ja:ウリハッキョ一覧 |publisher=[[Chongryon]] |date=November 6, 2005 |access-date=October 15, 2015}}</ref>

As a city of a quarter million people, it has some public schools too.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kam.edu.city.shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp/~kyouiku/下関市内小中学校/ |script-title=ja:下関市内小中学校 - 山口県下関市(教育委員会) |publisher=City of Shimonoseki Education Committee |language=ja |access-date=2020-01-08}}</ref><ref>http://www.shimosho.ed.jp/wordpress/ Shimonoseki Commercial High School</ref>


==Local attractions==
==Culture==


===Festivals===
===Festivals===
Shimonoseki is home to many festivals that are held throughout the year. Of these, the most famous are the Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival and Shimonoseki Bakan Festival.
Shimonoseki is home to many festivals, held throughout the year. Of these, the most famous are the Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival and Shimonoseki Bakan Festival.
*Shimonoseki [[Fugu]] (Blowfish) Festival (February) : Haedomari Market
*Shimonoseki [[Fugu]] Festival (February): Haedomari Market
*Kawatana [[Onsen]](hot spring) Festival (April)
*Kawatana Onsen Festival (April)
*Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival (May) : [[Karato]], [[Ganryūjima|Ganryujima Island]]
*Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival (May): [[Karato]], [[Ganryūjima|Ganryujima Island]]
*Suhouteisai Festival (August) : Castle town Chofu
*Suhouteisai Festival (August): Castle town Chofu
*Kanmon Kaikyo [[Fireworks]] Festival (August) : [[Karato]](Aruka Port area)
*Kanmon Kaikyo Fireworks Festival (August): [[Karato]](Aruka Port area)
*Shimonoseki Bakan Festival (August) : Along the street from [[Karato]]-cho to [[Shimonoseki Station]]
*Shimonoseki Bakan Festival (August): Along the street from [[Karato]]-cho to [[Shimonoseki Station]]
*TOUR de Shimonoseki (October/November)
*TOUR de Shimonoseki (October/November)
*Shimonoseki Kaikyo Marathon (November)
*Shimonoseki Kaikyo Marathon (November)
*Shimonoseki Fish Festival (November) : Shimonoseki Fishing Port
*Shimonoseki Fish Festival (November): Shimonoseki Fishing Port
*Little [[Busan]] Fest (November) : Green Mall
*Little [[Busan]] Fest (November): Green Mall


=== Architecture ===
=== Architecture ===
*[[Kōzan-ji (Shimonoseki)|Kōzan-ji]] - The butsuden completed in 1320 is a [[National Treasures of Japan|National Treasure of Japan]].
*[[Akama Shrine]]
*[[Akama Shrine]]
*[[Kaikyō Yume Tower]]
*[[Kaikyō Yume Tower]]
*[[Kōzan-ji (Shimonoseki)|Kōzan-ji]] - The butsuden completed in 1320 is a [[National Treasures of Japan|National Treasure of Japan]].


===Museums===
===Museums===
*Doigahama Site Anthropological Museum
*The Firefly Museum of Toyota Town
*Shimonoseki City Archaeological Museum
*Shimonoseki City Art Museum
*Shimonoseki City Art Museum
*[[Shimonoseki City Museum of History]]
*[[Shimonoseki City Museum of History]]
*Shimonoseki City Archaeological Museum
*Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum (Shimonoseki City Aquarium) (''Kaikyo Kan'')
*Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum (Shimonoseki City Aquarium) (''Kaikyo Kan'')
*Doigahama Site Anthropological Museum
*The [[Firefly]] Museum of Toyota Town
*The {{Nihongo|Yamagin Archive|やまぎん史料館}} of the [[Yamaguchi Bank]]
*The {{Nihongo|Yamagin Archive|やまぎん史料館}} of the [[Yamaguchi Bank]]


===Parks and monuments===
===Parks and monuments===
*The {{Nihongo|[[Mimosusogawa Park]]|[[:ja:みもすそ川公園|みもすそ川公園]]}} in Shimonoseki commemorates the final stage of the [[Genpei war]] between the feudal [[Taira clan]] and [[Minamoto clan]] (1180–1185). There is a historical monument with cannons.
*The {{Nihongo|[[Mimosusogawa Park]]|[[:ja:みもすそ川公園|みもすそ川公園]]}} in Shimonoseki commemorates the final stage of the [[Genpei war]] between the feudal [[Taira clan]] and [[Minamoto clan]] (1180–1185). There is a historical monument with cannons.
*[[Kawachi Wisteria Garden]] is known for massive flower trellises.


===Sports===
===Sports===


====Professional Teams====
====Professional teams====
*[[FC Baleine Shimonoseki]] ([[Association football|Football]])
*[[FC Baleine Shimonoseki]] ([[Association football|Football]])


====Sporting venues====
====Sporting venues====
*Shimonoseki [[Baseball]] Stadium
*Shimonoseki [[Boat Race]] Stadium (Shimonoseki ''[[Kyōtei]]'')
*Shimonoseki City [[Gym]]nasium
*Shimonoseki Track and field stadium
*Shimonoseki city [[swimming pool]]
*Nogihama General Park ([[Association football|Football]] stadium)
*Nogihama General Park ([[Association football|Football]] stadium)
*Shimonoseki Baseball Stadium
*Shimonoseki Boat Race Stadium (Shimonoseki ''[[Kyōtei]]'')
*Shimonoseki City Gymnasium
*Shimonoseki city swimming pool
*Shimonoseki Track and field stadium


==Crime and safety==
==Crime and safety==
The [[Goda-ikka]] [[yakuza]] syndicate is headquartered in Shimonoseki. A [[Yakuza#Designated boryokudan|designated yakuza group]], the Goda-ikka is the largest yakuza syndicate in Yamaguchi Prefecture.<ref>[http://www.minato-yamaguchi.co.jp/yama/news/digest/2009/1021/7.html "The 7th President announces the succession, The Goda-ikka, The Prefectural Police on red alert"], 21 October 2009, ''[[Yamaguchi Shimbun]]'' {{in lang|ja}}</ref>
The [[Goda-ikka]] [[yakuza]] syndicate is headquartered in Shimonoseki. A [[Yakuza#Designated bōryokudan|designated yakuza group]], the Goda-ikka is the largest yakuza syndicate in Yamaguchi Prefecture.<ref>[http://www.minato-yamaguchi.co.jp/yama/news/digest/2009/1021/7.html "The 7th President announces the succession, The Goda-ikka, The Prefectural Police on red alert"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008061013/http://www.minato-yamaguchi.co.jp/yama/news/digest/2009/1021/7.html |date=2011-10-08 }}, 21 October 2009, ''[[Yamaguchi Shimbun]]'' {{in lang|ja}}</ref>


==Notable people from Shimonoseki==
==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan}}
Shimonoseki is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=姉妹友好都市|url=http://www.city.shimonoseki.lg.jp/www/genre/0000000000000/1361524040470/index.html|website=city.shimonoseki.lg.jp|publisher=Shimonoseki|language=ja|access-date=2020-04-08}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]], Brazil (1971)
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Istanbul]], Turkey (1972)
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Busan]], South Korea (1976)
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Qingdao]], China (1979)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Pittsburg, California|Pittsburg]] (California), United States (1998)
{{div col end}}

==Notable people==
{{see also|Category:People from Shimonoseki}}
{{see also|Category:People from Shimonoseki}}
* [[Arata Izumi]] ([[India national football team|Indian]] footballer)
* [[Kinuyo Tanaka]]
* [[Yūsaku Matsuda]]
* [[Yūsaku Matsuda]]
* [[Toshihiro Nagoshi]] ([[Creative director|video game director]], [[video game designer|game designer]] and [[game producer|producer]])
* [[Atsushi Tamura]] (Comedian, actor and singer)
* [[Atsushi Tamura]] (Comedian, actor and singer)
* [[Kinuyo Tanaka]], actress


==References==
==References==
Line 539: Line 510:


{{Yamaguchi}}
{{Yamaguchi}}

{{Metropolitan cities of Japan}}
{{Metropolitan cities of Japan}}

{{Most populous cities in Japan}}
{{Most populous cities in Japan}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

Latest revision as of 21:52, 1 October 2024

Shimonoseki
下関市
Core city
Central Shimonoseki and Kanmon Strait
Central Shimonoseki and Kanmon Strait
Flag of Shimonoseki
Flag
Official seal of Shimonoseki
Emblem
Map
Location of Shimonoseki in Yamaguchi Prefecture
Shimonoseki is located in Yamaguchi Prefecture
Shimonoseki
Shimonoseki
Location in Japan
Shimonoseki is located in Japan
Shimonoseki
Shimonoseki
Shimonoseki (Japan)
Coordinates: 33°57′28″N 130°56′29″E / 33.95778°N 130.94139°E / 33.95778; 130.94139
CountryJapan
RegionChūgoku (San'yō)
PrefectureYamaguchi
As AkamagasekiApril 1, 1889
As ShimonosekiJune 1, 1902
Government
 • MayorShintaro Maeda (since 2017)
Area
 • Total
716.18 km2 (276.52 sq mi)
Population
 (June 30, 2023)
 • Total
248,193
 • Density350/km2 (900/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+09:00 (JST)
City hall address1-1 Nanbu, Shimonoseki-shi, Yamaguchi-ken
750-8521
ClimateCfa
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
BirdPenguin
FishFugu
FlowerRhododendron
InsectFirefly
TreeSakura
Shimonoseki city hall
Captured battery at Shimonoseki, 1864
Kōzan-ji Temple
Battle of Dan-no-Ura in 1185

Shimonoseki (Japanese: 下関市, Hepburn: Shimonoseki-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2023, the city had an estimated population of 248,193 in 128,762 households and a population density of 350 persons per km2.[1] The total area of the city is 716.18 square kilometres (276.52 sq mi). It is the largest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the fifth-largest city in the Chūgoku region in terms of population. It is nicknamed the "Fugu Capital" for the locally caught pufferfish, and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan.[citation needed]

History

[edit]

Shimonoseki is part of ancient Nagato Province. It has prospered since ancient times as the gateway to Honshu island from the Asian continent, including Kyushu, China, and the Korean peninsula. According to the Nihon Shoki, the semi-legendary Emperor Chuai constructed a palace at the location of what is now the Shimonoseki city hall during the Kofun period. The name of "Shimonoseki" appears in Heian period documents from 869 AD as the location of a checkpoint controlling maritime access to the Seto Inland Sea; however, by the Kamakura period, the name of "Akamanoseki" was in more common use. During the Genpei War, the Heike and Genji fought at the Battle of Dan-no-ura near the present Kanmon Bridge. During the Muromachi period, the powerful Ōuchi clan was shugo of both Nagato and Buzen Province in Kyushu and thus controlled trade and diplomatic missions from Ming China and Joseon Korea. In the Edo period, the area was part of Chōfu Domain controlled by the Mōri clan. In February 1691, German explorer Engelbert Kaempfer visited the town as part of his two-year stay in Japan, and described it as having around 400 to 500 houses, and as a major port in the region for supplying ship provisions.[2] During the Bakumatsu period, the Bombardment of Shimonoseki occurred in 1864, and in the early Meiji period, the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed in 1895, seeing a defeated China hand over Taiwan, Penghu, and Port Arthur to the victorious Japanese at the end of the First Sino-Japanese War. An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Shimonoseki as an open port for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.[3]

Akamagaseki city was established on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. The city was renamed Shimonoseki on June 1, 1902.

On February 13, 2005, Shimonoseki absorbed the towns of Hōhoku, Kikugawa, Toyota and Toyoura (all from Toyoura District) to create the new and expanded city of Shimonseki. Since October 1, 2005, the city has been designated as a core city by the Japanese government with increased local autonomy.[citation needed]

Geography

[edit]

Shimonoseki is located at the westernmost point of Yamaguchi Prefecture and the westernmost point of Honshu. It borders the Sea of Japan to the west and the Seto Inland Sea to the south across the Kanmon Straits. It is long in the north-south direction and has a fan shape that opens to the Seto Inland Sea. The Asa River flows from the north to the central area, and the Ariho River flows from the northeast to the east, flowing southward into the Seto Inland Sea. The city hall is located on the west bank of the Ariho River mouth.

Neighbouring municipalities

[edit]

Yamaguchi Prefecture

Climate

[edit]

Shimonoseki has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is heavier in summer.

Climate data for Shimonoseki (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1883−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.1
(66.4) 		23.7
(74.7) 		26.2
(79.2) 		29.7
(85.5) 		30.9
(87.6) 		33.7
(92.7) 		36.2
(97.2) 		37.0
(98.6) 		35.0
(95.0) 		30.6
(87.1) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.2
(79.2) 		37.0
(98.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.7
(49.5) 		10.5
(50.9) 		13.7
(56.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		22.7
(72.9) 		25.8
(78.4) 		29.7
(85.5) 		31.3
(88.3) 		27.8
(82.0) 		23.0
(73.4) 		17.5
(63.5) 		12.3
(54.1) 		20.2
(68.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.2
(45.0) 		7.5
(45.5) 		10.3
(50.5) 		14.7
(58.5) 		19.1
(66.4) 		22.5
(72.5) 		26.5
(79.7) 		27.9
(82.2) 		24.6
(76.3) 		19.7
(67.5) 		14.5
(58.1) 		9.5
(49.1) 		17.0
(62.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6) 		4.9
(40.8) 		7.4
(45.3) 		11.6
(52.9) 		16.2
(61.2) 		20.1
(68.2) 		24.2
(75.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		22.2
(72.0) 		16.9
(62.4) 		11.8
(53.2) 		7.0
(44.6) 		14.4
(57.9)
Record low °C (°F) −6.3
(20.7) 		−6.5
(20.3) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		0.5
(32.9) 		6.5
(43.7) 		9.5
(49.1) 		15.1
(59.2) 		17.5
(63.5) 		12.8
(55.0) 		5.9
(42.6) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−6.5
(20.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 80.0
(3.15) 		75.9
(2.99) 		121.2
(4.77) 		130.8
(5.15) 		154.2
(6.07) 		253.6
(9.98) 		309.4
(12.18) 		190.0
(7.48) 		162.6
(6.40) 		83.7
(3.30) 		81.9
(3.22) 		69.1
(2.72) 		1,712.3
(67.41)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 1
(0.4) 		1
(0.4) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		2
(0.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9.3 9.1 10.1 9.6 8.7 11.3 10.7 9.1 8.5 6.1 8.0 9.0 109.5
Average snowy days (≥ 1 cm) 0.4 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Average relative humidity (%) 63 63 65 67 70 78 79 75 73 67 66 63 69
Mean monthly sunshine hours 95.8 116.1 162.9 187.6 207.1 146.6 172.4 207.2 161.9 176.3 134.7 102.6 1,875.9
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[4][5]
Climate data for Toyota, Shimonoseki (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.7
(62.1) 		21.8
(71.2) 		25.1
(77.2) 		28.4
(83.1) 		31.4
(88.5) 		32.2
(90.0) 		35.7
(96.3) 		36.2
(97.2) 		35.0
(95.0) 		30.7
(87.3) 		26.0
(78.8) 		23.2
(73.8) 		36.2
(97.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.7
(47.7) 		9.8
(49.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		18.6
(65.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		25.9
(78.6) 		29.3
(84.7) 		30.7
(87.3) 		27.2
(81.0) 		22.3
(72.1) 		16.7
(62.1) 		11.2
(52.2) 		19.7
(67.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.6
(38.5) 		4.4
(39.9) 		7.5
(45.5) 		12.4
(54.3) 		17.3
(63.1) 		21.2
(70.2) 		25.1
(77.2) 		25.9
(78.6) 		22.0
(71.6) 		16.1
(61.0) 		10.4
(50.7) 		5.4
(41.7) 		14.3
(57.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		1.7
(35.1) 		6.1
(43.0) 		11.4
(52.5) 		17.0
(62.6) 		21.6
(70.9) 		22.1
(71.8) 		17.8
(64.0) 		10.8
(51.4) 		5.0
(41.0) 		0.5
(32.9) 		9.3
(48.8)
Record low °C (°F) −7.9
(17.8) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		0.0
(32.0) 		5.5
(41.9) 		12.0
(53.6) 		14.3
(57.7) 		4.6
(40.3) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		−9.1
(15.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 90.8
(3.57) 		88.3
(3.48) 		140.5
(5.53) 		151.4
(5.96) 		183.7
(7.23) 		272.5
(10.73) 		342.8
(13.50) 		201.2
(7.92) 		167.8
(6.61) 		93.3
(3.67) 		88.2
(3.47) 		83.1
(3.27) 		1,899.1
(74.77)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 11.3 10.7 11.6 10.0 9.5 12.4 11.6 9.9 9.5 7.7 9.3 11.1 124.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 99.8 107.6 156.1 182.9 206.1 137.0 152.6 189.8 151.6 169.5 134.5 103.9 1,791.3
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[6][7]

Demographics

[edit]

Per Japanese census data, the population of Shimonoseki in 2020 is 255,051 people.[8] Shimonoseki has been conducting censuses since 1920.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1920 192,840—    
1925 213,109+10.5%
1930 222,702+4.5%
1935 237,248+6.5%
1940 261,549+10.2%
1945 261,982+0.2%
1950 280,949+7.2%
1955 308,799+9.9%
1960 317,029+2.7%
1965 317,146+0.0%
1970 315,603−0.5%
1975 322,300+2.1%
1980 325,478+1.0%
1985 324,585−0.3%
1990 315,643−2.8%
1995 310,717−1.6%
2000 301,097−3.1%
2005 290,693−3.5%
2010 280,987−3.3%
2015 268,517−4.4%
2020 255,051−5.0%
Shimonoseki population statistics[8]

Government

[edit]

Shimonoseki has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 34 members. Shimonoseki contributes ten members to the Yamaguchi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Yamaguchi 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy

[edit]

Having prospered as a port city, Shimonoseki has long had a thriving industry related to shipping, trade, and finance. It is still the center of the prefecture in terms of economy.

Education

[edit]

Universities and colleges

[edit]
University of East Asia

Primary and secondary schools

[edit]

Shimonoseki has 41 public elementary school and 21 public junior high schools and one public high school operated by the city government. The city has nine public high schools operated by the Yamaguchi Prefectural Board of Education. There are also one private junior high school and five private high schools. The prefecture also operates four special education schools for the handicapped.

The city has a North Korean school, Yamaguchi Korean Elementary and Junior High School (山口朝鮮初中級学校).[9] It formerly housed two other North Korean schools, Yamaguchi Korean High School and Shimonoseki Korean Elementary and Junior High School (下関朝鮮初中級学校).[10]

Transportation

[edit]
JR network map

Railway

[edit]

JR West – San'yō Shinkansen

JR West (JR West) - San'yō Main Line

JR West (JR West) - San'in Main Line

Highways

[edit]

Ferries from Shimonoseki Port International Terminal

[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan

Shimonoseki is twinned with:[12]

Local attractions

[edit]

Festivals

[edit]

Shimonoseki is home to many festivals, held throughout the year. Of these, the most famous are the Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival and Shimonoseki Bakan Festival.

  • Shimonoseki Fugu Festival (February): Haedomari Market
  • Kawatana Onsen Festival (April)
  • Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival (May): Karato, Ganryujima Island
  • Suhouteisai Festival (August): Castle town Chofu
  • Kanmon Kaikyo Fireworks Festival (August): Karato(Aruka Port area)
  • Shimonoseki Bakan Festival (August): Along the street from Karato-cho to Shimonoseki Station
  • TOUR de Shimonoseki (October/November)
  • Shimonoseki Kaikyo Marathon (November)
  • Shimonoseki Fish Festival (November): Shimonoseki Fishing Port
  • Little Busan Fest (November): Green Mall

Architecture

[edit]

Museums

[edit]
  • Doigahama Site Anthropological Museum
  • The Firefly Museum of Toyota Town
  • Shimonoseki City Archaeological Museum
  • Shimonoseki City Art Museum
  • Shimonoseki City Museum of History
  • Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum (Shimonoseki City Aquarium) (Kaikyo Kan)
  • The Yamagin Archive (やまぎん史料館) of the Yamaguchi Bank

Parks and monuments

[edit]

Sports

[edit]

Professional teams

[edit]

Sporting venues

[edit]
  • Nogihama General Park (Football stadium)
  • Shimonoseki Baseball Stadium
  • Shimonoseki Boat Race Stadium (Shimonoseki Kyōtei)
  • Shimonoseki City Gymnasium
  • Shimonoseki city swimming pool
  • Shimonoseki Track and field stadium

Crime and safety

[edit]

The Goda-ikka yakuza syndicate is headquartered in Shimonoseki. A designated yakuza group, the Goda-ikka is the largest yakuza syndicate in Yamaguchi Prefecture.[13]

Notable people from Shimonoseki

[edit]
See also: Category:People from Shimonoseki

References

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  1. ^ "Shimonoseki City official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
  2. ^ Kaempfer, Engelbert (1729). Histoire naturelle, civile et ecclésiastique de l'Empire du Japon. Tome 2 (translated by François Naudé) (in French). The Hague. p. 176.
  3. ^ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.
  4. ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  5. ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  6. ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  7. ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  8. ^ a b Shimonoseki population statistics
  9. ^ ウリハッキョ一覧. Chongryon. Archived from the original on December 19, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.().
  10. ^ ウリハッキョ一覧. Chongryon. November 6, 2005. Archived from the original on November 6, 2005. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  11. ^ "European Inbound tour operator - OsaTravel" オリエントフェリー運航一時休止について（お知らせ） (PDF). Archived from the original on 2016-02-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  12. ^ "姉妹友好都市". city.shimonoseki.lg.jp (in Japanese). Shimonoseki. Archived from the original on 2020-02-19. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  13. ^ "The 7th President announces the succession, The Goda-ikka, The Prefectural Police on red alert" Archived 2011-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, 21 October 2009, Yamaguchi Shimbun (in Japanese)
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