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[[File:Michael I.jpg| |
[[File:Michael I.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Emperor [[Michael I Rangabe|Michael I]] (c. 770–844)]] |
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Year '''812''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCXII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
Year '''812''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCXII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]], the 812th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and [[Anno Domini]] (AD) designations, the 812th year of the [[1st millennium]], the 12th year of the [[9th century]], and the 3rd year of the [[810s]] decade. |
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== Events == |
== Events == |
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==== Byzantine Empire ==== |
==== Byzantine Empire ==== |
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* [[January 11]] – Ex-emperor [[Staurakios]], a son of [[Nikephoros I]], dies of [[putrefaction]] in his wounds (see [[811]]) in a [[monastery]]. He has reigned only two months and eight days, |
* [[January 11]] – Ex-emperor [[Staurakios]], a son of [[Nikephoros I]], dies of [[putrefaction]] in his wounds (see [[811]]) in a [[monastery]]. He has reigned only two months and eight days, before being [[exile]]d by senior officials in [[Constantinople]]. |
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* Emperor [[Michael I Rangabe|Michael I]] |
* Emperor [[Michael I Rangabe|Michael I]] re-opens [[Pax Nicephori#War and peace, 806–814|peace negotiations]] with the [[Franks]], and recognizes [[Charlemagne]] as emperor (''[[basileus]]'') of the [[Carolingian Empire|Frankish Empire]]. In exchange for this recognition, [[Venice]] is returned to the [[Byzantine Empire]]. |
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* [[Byzantine–Bulgarian wars#Conflict with Michael I Rangabe|Byzantine–Bulgarian War]]: The [[Bulgars]], led by [[Krum]], ruler (''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'') of the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]], launch an invasion against the Byzantines. They capture the fortress cities of [[Debelt|Develt]] and [[Nesebar|Mesembria]], near the [[Black Sea]].<ref>{{The Early Medieval Balkans|pp=97-98}}</ref> |
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==== Europe ==== |
==== Europe ==== |
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* Charlemagne |
* Charlemagne conquers [[Catalonia]], as far south as the [[Ebro|River Ebro]] and the [[Balearic Islands]]. The counties come under the rule of [[Bera, Count of Barcelona|Bera]], count of [[County of Barcelona|Barcelona]]. He signs a three-year [[peace treaty]] with the [[Emirate of Córdoba]]. |
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* The [[Duchy of Amalfi|Republic of Amalfi]] sends [[galley]]s to support the Byzantine general (''[[Strategos#Byzantine use|strategos]]'') of [[Sicily]], Gregorio, against the [[Aghlabids|Aghlabid]] invaders. It is one of the earliest |
* Charlemagne issues the [[Capitulare de villis]], concerning the rights of a [[Feudalism|feudal]] landholder and the services owed by his [[Dependant|dependents]]. It also contains the names of some 89 [[plant]]s, of which most are used [[Medicinal plants|medically]]. |
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* The [[Duchy of Amalfi|Republic of Amalfi]] sends [[galley]]s to support the Byzantine general (''[[Strategos#Byzantine use|strategos]]'') of [[Sicily]], Gregorio, against the [[Aghlabids|Aghlabid]] invaders. It is one of the earliest evidences of the independence of the city.<ref>{{cite book|last=Benvenuti|first=Gino|title=Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia|year=1985|publisher=Newton & Compton Editori|location=Rome|isbn=88-8289-529-7|page=13}}</ref> |
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* At the death of king [[Hemming of Denmark|Hemming]] of [[Denmark]] two claimants to the throne, [[Sigfred (Danish king 812)|Sigfred]] and [[Anulo]], meet in [[Anulo#The 812 battle|battle]] but are both killed. [[Harald Klak|Harald]] and [[Reginfrid]], brothers of Anulo, becomes joint kings of Denmark. |
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==== Britain ==== |
==== Britain ==== |
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* King [[Sigered of Essex]] is reduced to the rank of [[duke]] by his [[Mercia]]n overlords. |
* King [[Sigered of Essex]] is reduced to the rank of [[duke]], by his [[Mercia]]n overlords. |
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==== Abbasid Caliphate ==== |
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* [[Fourth Fitna]]: Forces loyal to [[al-Ma'mun]], led by [[Tahir ibn Husayn]], blockade [[Baghdad]], which is loyal to al-Ma'mun's brother, Caliph [[al-Amin]], and begin the year-long [[Siege of Baghdad (812–813)|Siege of Baghdad]]. |
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==== China ==== |
==== China ==== |
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* The [[China|Chinese]] government takes over the issuing of paper [[Cheque|bank drafts]], the ancestor of [[Banknote|paper money]]. |
* The [[China|Chinese]] government takes over the issuing of paper [[Cheque|bank drafts]], the ancestor of [[Banknote|paper money]]. |
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</onlyinclude> |
</onlyinclude> |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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* [[Domnall mac Ailpín]], king of [[Scotland]] (d. [[862]]) |
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* [[Theodora of Thessaloniki]], Byzantine nun and saint (d. [[892]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Talbot |first1=Alice-Mary Maffry |author-link=Alice-Mary Talbot |title=Holy Women of Byzantium: Ten Saints' Lives in English Translation |date=1996 |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks |isbn=978-0-88402-248-0 |pages=159–160 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SaViaGCeiZIC |access-date=3 March 2024 |language=en |chapter=Life of St. Theodora of Thessalonike}}</ref> |
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* [[Wang Yuankui]], general of the Tang Dynasty (d. [[854]]) |
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* [[Wen Tingyun]], Chinese [[Chinese poetry|poet]] and [[lyricist]] (d. [[870]]) |
* [[Wen Tingyun]], Chinese [[Chinese poetry|poet]] and [[lyricist]] (d. [[870]]) |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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* [[Abd al-Malik ibn Salih]], Abbasid general (b. [[750]]) |
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* [[Candidus of Fulda]], [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] scholar |
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* [[Du You]], [[Chancellor of the Tang dynasty|chancellor of the Tang Dynasty]] (b. [[735]]) |
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* [[Flann mac Congalaig]], king of [[Kings of Brega|Brega]] ([[Ireland]]) |
* [[Flann mac Congalaig]], king of [[Kings of Brega|Brega]] ([[Ireland]]) |
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* [[Fujiwara no Uchimaro]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[756]]) |
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* [[Hemming of Denmark|Hemming]], king of [[Denmark]] |
* [[Hemming of Denmark|Hemming]], king of [[Denmark]] |
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* [[Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab|Ibrahim I]], Muslim [[emir]] of the [[Aghlabids]] (b. [[756]]) |
* [[Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab|Ibrahim I]], Muslim [[emir]] of the [[Aghlabids]] (b. [[756]]) |
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* [[ |
* [[Jeong of Balhae|Jeong]], king of [[Balhae]] ([[Korea]]) (approximate date) |
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* [[Li Ning (Tang dynasty)|Li Ning]], prince of the Tang Dynasty (b. [[793]]) |
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* [[Nikephoros (Caesar)|Nikephoros]], son of [[Constantine V]] (approximate date) |
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* [[Tian Ji'an]], general of the Tang Dynasty |
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* [[William of Gellone]], Frankish nobleman (or [[814]]) |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Latest revision as of 20:09, 2 October 2024
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 812 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 812 DCCCXII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1565 |
| Armenian calendar | 261 ԹՎ ՄԿԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5562 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 733–734 |
| Bengali calendar | 219 |
| Berber calendar | 1762 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1356 |
| Burmese calendar | 174 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6320–6321 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛卯年 (Metal Rabbit) 3509 or 3302 — to — 壬辰年 (Water Dragon) 3510 or 3303 |
| Coptic calendar | 528–529 |
| Discordian calendar | 1978 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 804–805 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4572–4573 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 868–869 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 733–734 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3912–3913 |
| Holocene calendar | 10812 |
| Iranian calendar | 190–191 |
| Islamic calendar | 196–197 |
| Japanese calendar | Kōnin 3 (弘仁３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 708–709 |
| Julian calendar | 812 DCCCXII |
| Korean calendar | 3145 |
| Minguo calendar | 1100 before ROC 民前1100年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −656 |
| Seleucid era | 1123/1124 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1354–1355 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金兔年 (female Iron-Rabbit) 938 or 557 or −215 — to — 阳水龙年 (male Water-Dragon) 939 or 558 or −214 |
Year 812 (DCCCXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 812th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 812th year of the 1st millennium, the 12th year of the 9th century, and the 3rd year of the 810s decade.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Byzantine Empire
[edit]- January 11 – Ex-emperor Staurakios, a son of Nikephoros I, dies of putrefaction in his wounds (see 811) in a monastery. He has reigned only two months and eight days, before being exiled by senior officials in Constantinople.
- Emperor Michael I re-opens peace negotiations with the Franks, and recognizes Charlemagne as emperor (basileus) of the Frankish Empire. In exchange for this recognition, Venice is returned to the Byzantine Empire.
- Byzantine–Bulgarian War: The Bulgars, led by Krum, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, launch an invasion against the Byzantines. They capture the fortress cities of Develt and Mesembria, near the Black Sea.[1]
Europe
[edit]- Charlemagne conquers Catalonia, as far south as the River Ebro and the Balearic Islands. The counties come under the rule of Bera, count of Barcelona. He signs a three-year peace treaty with the Emirate of Córdoba.
- Charlemagne issues the Capitulare de villis, concerning the rights of a feudal landholder and the services owed by his dependents. It also contains the names of some 89 plants, of which most are used medically.
- The Republic of Amalfi sends galleys to support the Byzantine general (strategos) of Sicily, Gregorio, against the Aghlabid invaders. It is one of the earliest evidences of the independence of the city.[2]
- At the death of king Hemming of Denmark two claimants to the throne, Sigfred and Anulo, meet in battle but are both killed. Harald and Reginfrid, brothers of Anulo, becomes joint kings of Denmark.
Britain
[edit]- King Sigered of Essex is reduced to the rank of duke, by his Mercian overlords.
Abbasid Caliphate
[edit]- Fourth Fitna: Forces loyal to al-Ma'mun, led by Tahir ibn Husayn, blockade Baghdad, which is loyal to al-Ma'mun's brother, Caliph al-Amin, and begin the year-long Siege of Baghdad.
China
[edit]- The Chinese government takes over the issuing of paper bank drafts, the ancestor of paper money.
Births
[edit]- Domnall mac Ailpín, king of Scotland (d. 862)
- Li Rong, prince of the Tang Dynasty (or 813)
- Sugawara no Koreyoshi, Japanese nobleman (d. 880)
- Theodora of Thessaloniki, Byzantine nun and saint (d. 892)[3]
- Wang Yuankui, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 854)
- Wen Tingyun, Chinese poet and lyricist (d. 870)
Deaths
[edit]- January 11 – Staurakios, Byzantine emperor
- Abd al-Malik ibn Salih, Abbasid general (b. 750)
- Candidus of Fulda, Benedictine scholar
- Du You, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 735)
- Flann mac Congalaig, king of Brega (Ireland)
- Fujiwara no Uchimaro, Japanese nobleman (b. 756)
- Hemming, king of Denmark
- Ibrahim I, Muslim emir of the Aghlabids (b. 756)
- Jeong, king of Balhae (Korea) (approximate date)
- Li Ning, prince of the Tang Dynasty (b. 793)
- Nikephoros, son of Constantine V (approximate date)
- Tian Ji'an, general of the Tang Dynasty
- William of Gellone, Frankish nobleman (or 814)
References
[edit]- ^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
- ^ Benvenuti, Gino (1985). Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia. Rome: Newton & Compton Editori. p. 13. ISBN 88-8289-529-7.
- ^ Talbot, Alice-Mary Maffry (1996). "Life of St. Theodora of Thessalonike". Holy Women of Byzantium: Ten Saints' Lives in English Translation. Dumbarton Oaks. pp. 159–160. ISBN 978-0-88402-248-0. Retrieved March 3, 2024.