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{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Mihail R. Sturdza
|name = [[Prince]] Mihail R. Sturdza
|image = Mihail R. Sturdza.jpg
|image = Mihail R. Sturdza.jpg
|order =
|order =
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|term_end = January 17, 1941
|term_end = January 17, 1941
|predecessor = [[Mihail Manoilescu]]
|predecessor = [[Mihail Manoilescu]]
|successor = ''[[Ad interim]]'' [[Ion Antonescu]]
|successor = ''Ad interim'' [[Ion Antonescu]]
|monarch = [[Michael of Romania]]
|monarch = [[Michael of Romania]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1886|08|28}}
|birth_date = {{birth date|1886|08|28}}
|birth_place = [[Târgu Ocna]], [[Romania]]
|birth_place = [[Târgu Ocna]], [[Kingdom of Romania]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1980|02|05|1886|08|28}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|1980|02|05|1886|08|28}}
|death_place = [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]
|death_place = [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]
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|rank =
|rank =
|battles =
|battles =
| party = [[Iron Guard]]
}}
}}


Prince '''Mihail R. Sturdza''' (August 28, 1886 – February 5, 1980)<ref>https://www.rulers.org/indexs5.html</ref> Romanian nobleman and diplomat. He was a descendant of the wealthy and influential [[Sturdza family]] of Romanian landowners, politicians and [[boyar]]s.<ref>Further reading [[Alexandru Sturdza]] and [[Roxandra Sturdza]]</ref> Played a brief role in Romanian interwar politics.
[[Prince]] '''Mihail R. Sturdza''' (August 28, 1886 – February 5, 1980)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rulers.org/indexs5.html|title = Index St-Sz}}</ref> was a Romanian nobleman, diplomat and convicted [[war criminal]] (in absentia). He was a descendant of the wealthy and influential [[Sturdza family]] of Romanian landowners, politicians and [[boyar]]s,<ref>Further reading [[Alexandru Sturdza]] and [[Roxandra Sturdza]]</ref> and played a brief role in Romanian interwar politics.


Mihail Sturdza, originally a conservative and nationalist, was a member of the [[Iron Guard]] and developed strong fascist and antisemitic convictions. As a supporter of the leader of the Iron Guard [[Horia Sima]], he was a brief period (September 14, 1940 - January 26, 1941) [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania]] during the so-called [[National Legionary State]] after the abdication of King [[Carol II]].
Prince Mihail Sturdza, originally a conservative and nationalist, was a member of the [[Iron Guard]]. As a supporter of the leader of the Iron Guard [[Horia Sima]], he was a brief period (September 14, 1940 - January 26, 1941) [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania]] during the so-called [[National Legionary State]] after the abdication of King [[Carol II]].


After several diplomatic posts (e.g. in Vienna, Budapest and in Washington as [[chargé d'affaires]]) Sturdza was in 1929 appointed as minister plenipotentiary for Latvia, Estonia and Finland, in Riga. In that capacity he acted in 1932 as Romania's representative in the negotiations with Soviet Russia about a non-aggression agreement. The negotiations failed, due to the Russian demand to discuss the disputed territory of [[Bessarabia]], which was part of Romania by then.
After several diplomatic posts (e.g. in Vienna, Budapest and in Washington as [[chargé d'affaires]]) Sturdza was in 1929 appointed as minister plenipotentiary for Latvia, Estonia and Finland, in Riga. In that capacity he acted in 1932 as Romania's representative in the negotiations with Soviet Russia about a non-aggression agreement. The negotiations failed, due to the Soviet demand to discuss and annex the disputed territory of [[Bessarabia]], which was a part of the Kingdom of Romania.


Sturdza was from 1938 Romanian ambassador in Denmark. He was supposedly involved in the assassination of Romania's Prime Minister [[Armand Călinescu]] on 21 September 1939. It seems that the action was carried out with German approval and assistance.
Sturdza was from 1938 Romanian ambassador in Denmark.


As Foreign Minister Sturdza attended with the German minister of Foreign Affairs [[Joachim von Ribbentrop]] the signature on November 23, 1940 of the [[Tripartite Pact]] with nazi-Germany between [[Adolf Hitler]] and the Romanian head of government General Ion Antonescu. In December 1940 Sturdza obtained the replacement of the German ambassador [[Wilhelm Fabricius]] with [[Manfred Freiherr von Killinger]], perceived as more sympathetic to the Iron Guard.<ref>Deletant, pp. 63, 301</ref> After the clash between the Iron Guard and General [[Ion Antonescu]] in January 1941 (see [[Legionary Rebellion]]), which was won by the latter, Sturdza had to resign. Antonescu took over leadership of the ministry, with the compliant diplomat [[Constantin Greceanu]] as his right hand.
As Foreign Minister Sturdza attended with the German minister of Foreign Affairs [[Joachim von Ribbentrop]] the signature on November 23, 1940 of the [[Tripartite Pact]] with Nazi Germany between [[Adolf Hitler]] and the Romanian head of government General [[Ion Antonescu]]. In December 1940 Sturdza obtained the replacement of the German ambassador [[Wilhelm Fabricius]] with [[Manfred Freiherr von Killinger]], perceived as more sympathetic to the Iron Guard.<ref>Deletant, pp. 63, 301</ref> After the clash between the Iron Guard and General [[Ion Antonescu]] in January 1941 (see [[Legionary Rebellion]]), which was won by the latter, Sturdza had to resign. Antonescu took over leadership of the ministry, with the compliant diplomat [[Constantin Greceanu]] as his right hand.


After the defeat of the Iron Guard in January 1940 Sturdza followed party leader Horia Sima into exile; first in Sofia, Bulgaria and afterward in Germany and Denmark. Sturdza became again Minister of Foreign Affairs in a Romanian pro-Nazi puppet government in Vienna from 10 December 1944 until the end of World War II.
After the defeat of the Iron Guard in January 1941, Sturdza followed party leader Horia Sima into exile; first in Sofia, Bulgaria and afterward in Germany and Denmark. Sturdza became again Minister of Foreign Affairs in a self-proclaimed government in Vienna from 10 December 1944 until the end of World War II.


After WW II Sturdza fled first to Denmark, where he stayed till 1947. Afterward he found refuge in Fascist Spain and later in USA, where he kept strong ties with other members of the Iron Guard in exile. He wrote several publications about the history of his native country and international affairs. In later years he was involved in rightwing organisations. In 1968 he published his memoirs, which took approval in rightwing circles for the cold war- and anti-communist points of view.
After World War II, Sturdza fled first to Denmark, where he stayed until 1947. Afterwards, he found refuge in [[Costa Rica]], [[Francoist Spain|Spain]] and later in the USA, where he kept strong ties with other members of the Iron Guard in exile. He wrote several publications about the history of his native country and international affairs. In later years he was involved in right wing organisations. In 1968, he published his memoirs, which took approval in right wing circles for the cold war- and anti-communist points of view.

Politician [[Gelu Voican Voiculescu]] is a relative to Mihail R. Sturdza.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pena |first=Cătălin |date=2019-12-21 |title=Ce a făcut înainte de Revoluție Gelu Voican Voiculescu bătut pe 21 decembrie 2019 în Piața Universității |url=https://evenimentulistoric.ro/ce-a-facut-inainte-de-revolutie-gelu-voican-voiculescu-batut-pe-21-decembrie-2019-in-piata-universitatii.html |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=www.evenimentulistoric.ro |language=ro-RO}}</ref>


== Notes ==
== Notes ==

{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== References ==
== References ==

* Dennis Deletant, Hitler's Forgotten Ally: Ion Antonescu and His Regime, Romania, 1940–1944, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2006.
* Dennis Deletant, Hitler's Forgotten Ally: Ion Antonescu and His Regime, Romania, 1940–1944, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2006.
* Nicolae Ciobanu, "Armand Călinescu: Jertfă pentru liniştea şi independenţa ţării. «Omul de oţel» împotriva Gărzii de Fier" ("Armand Călinescu: A Sacrifice for the Country's Peace and Security. The «Man of Steel» versus the Iron Guard"), in Dosarele Istoriei, 6/IV (1999)
* Nicolae Ciobanu, "Armand Călinescu: Jertfă pentru liniştea şi independenţa ţării. «Omul de oţel» împotriva Gărzii de Fier" ("Armand Călinescu: A Sacrifice for the Country's Peace and Security. The «Man of Steel» versus the Iron Guard"), in Dosarele Istoriei, 6/IV (1999)
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sturdza, Mihail R.}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sturdza, Mihail R.}}
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:Romanian diplomats]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Romania to Denmark]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Romania to Denmark]]
[[Category:Members of the Iron Guard]]
[[Category:Members of the Iron Guard]]
[[Category:20th-century Romanian politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Romanian politicians]]
[[Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of Romania]]
[[Category:Romanian landowners]]
⚫
[[Category:Romanian nobility]]
[[Category:Sturdza family]]
[[Category:Romanian collaborators with Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Romanian exiles]]
[[Category:Romanian expatriates in Spain]]
[[Category:Romanian people convicted of war crimes]]
[[Category:Nazis sentenced to death in absentia]]

Latest revision as of 23:30, 11 October 2024

Prince Mihail R. Sturdza
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania
In office
September 14, 1940 – January 17, 1941
MonarchMichael of Romania
Preceded byMihail Manoilescu
Succeeded byAd interim Ion Antonescu
Personal details
Born(1886-08-28)August 28, 1886
Târgu Ocna, Kingdom of Romania
DiedFebruary 5, 1980(1980-02-05) (aged 93)
Madrid, Spain
Political partyIron Guard

Prince Mihail R. Sturdza (August 28, 1886 – February 5, 1980)[1] was a Romanian nobleman, diplomat and convicted war criminal (in absentia). He was a descendant of the wealthy and influential Sturdza family of Romanian landowners, politicians and boyars,[2] and played a brief role in Romanian interwar politics.

Prince Mihail Sturdza, originally a conservative and nationalist, was a member of the Iron Guard. As a supporter of the leader of the Iron Guard Horia Sima, he was a brief period (September 14, 1940 - January 26, 1941) Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania during the so-called National Legionary State after the abdication of King Carol II.

After several diplomatic posts (e.g. in Vienna, Budapest and in Washington as chargé d'affaires) Sturdza was in 1929 appointed as minister plenipotentiary for Latvia, Estonia and Finland, in Riga. In that capacity he acted in 1932 as Romania's representative in the negotiations with Soviet Russia about a non-aggression agreement. The negotiations failed, due to the Soviet demand to discuss and annex the disputed territory of Bessarabia, which was a part of the Kingdom of Romania.

Sturdza was from 1938 Romanian ambassador in Denmark.

As Foreign Minister Sturdza attended with the German minister of Foreign Affairs Joachim von Ribbentrop the signature on November 23, 1940 of the Tripartite Pact with Nazi Germany between Adolf Hitler and the Romanian head of government General Ion Antonescu. In December 1940 Sturdza obtained the replacement of the German ambassador Wilhelm Fabricius with Manfred Freiherr von Killinger, perceived as more sympathetic to the Iron Guard.[3] After the clash between the Iron Guard and General Ion Antonescu in January 1941 (see Legionary Rebellion), which was won by the latter, Sturdza had to resign. Antonescu took over leadership of the ministry, with the compliant diplomat Constantin Greceanu as his right hand.

After the defeat of the Iron Guard in January 1941, Sturdza followed party leader Horia Sima into exile; first in Sofia, Bulgaria and afterward in Germany and Denmark. Sturdza became again Minister of Foreign Affairs in a self-proclaimed government in Vienna from 10 December 1944 until the end of World War II.

After World War II, Sturdza fled first to Denmark, where he stayed until 1947. Afterwards, he found refuge in Costa Rica, Spain and later in the USA, where he kept strong ties with other members of the Iron Guard in exile. He wrote several publications about the history of his native country and international affairs. In later years he was involved in right wing organisations. In 1968, he published his memoirs, which took approval in right wing circles for the cold war- and anti-communist points of view.

Politician Gelu Voican Voiculescu is a relative to Mihail R. Sturdza.[4]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Index St-Sz".
  2. ^ Further reading Alexandru Sturdza and Roxandra Sturdza
  3. ^ Deletant, pp. 63, 301
  4. ^ Pena, Cătălin (2019-12-21). "Ce a făcut înainte de Revoluție Gelu Voican Voiculescu bătut pe 21 decembrie 2019 în Piața Universității". www.evenimentulistoric.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 2024-07-30.

References

[edit]
  • Dennis Deletant, Hitler's Forgotten Ally: Ion Antonescu and His Regime, Romania, 1940–1944, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2006.
  • Nicolae Ciobanu, "Armand Călinescu: Jertfă pentru liniştea şi independenţa ţării. «Omul de oţel» împotriva Gărzii de Fier" ("Armand Călinescu: A Sacrifice for the Country's Peace and Security. The «Man of Steel» versus the Iron Guard"), in Dosarele Istoriei, 6/IV (1999)
  • Petru Ignat, Gheorghe Matei, "Asasinarea lui Armand Călinescu" ("Armand Călinescu's Assassination"), in Magazin Istoric, October 1967
  • Mihail R. Sturdza, 'The Suicide of Europe', memoirs of Prince Michel Sturdza, former Foreign Minister of Rumania. Western Islands Publishers, Boston, Los Angeles, 1968.
  • Zad Rust, 'Teddy Bare The Real Story of Chappaquiddick'. Western Islands Publishers, Boston, Los Angeles, 1971.
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