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{{short description|American politician}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2011}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2011}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jari Askins
| name = Jari Askins
| image = Jari Askins.jpg
| image = Jari Askins.jpg
| office = Oklahoma Administrative Director of the Courts
| office2 = 15th [[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma]]
| term_start = October 1, 2015
| term_end2 = January 10, 2011
| term_start2 = January 2, 2007
| predecessor = Michael Evans
| successor2 = [[Todd Lamb (politician)|Todd Lamb]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|4|27}}
| predecessor2 = [[Mary Fallin]]
| birth_place = [[Duncan, Oklahoma|Duncan]], [[Oklahoma]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| death_date =
| governor2 = [[Brad Henry]]
| office3 = Minority Leader of the [[Oklahoma House of Representatives]]
| death_place =
| term_start3 = January 2005
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| term_end3 = January 2, 2007
| education = {{nowrap|[[University of Oklahoma]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]])}}}}
| predecessor3 = Ed Apple
| predecessor3 = [[Todd Hiett]]
| successor3 = [[Danny Morgan (politician)|Danny Morgan]]
| termstart3 = January 9, 1995
| state_house3 = Oklahoma
| state_house4 = Oklahoma
| district3 = 50th
| district4 = 50th
| predecessor4 = Ed Apple
| successor3 = Dennis Johnson
| term_start4 = January 9, 1995
| office2 = 15th [[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma]]
| term_end2 = January 10, 2011
| term_end4 = January 2, 2007
| successor4 = [[Dennis Johnson (Oklahoma politician)|Dennis Johnson]]
| term_start2 = January 2, 2007
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|4|27}}
| successor2 = [[Todd Lamb (politician)|Todd Lamb]]
| predecessor2 = [[Mary Fallin]]
| birth_place = [[Duncan, Oklahoma]], U.S.
| death_date =
| governor2 = [[Brad Henry]]
| death_place =
| appointer = [[John F. Reif]]
| termend3 = January 2, 2007
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| education = [[University of Oklahoma]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]])
}}
}}
'''Jari Askins''' (born April 27, 1953) is an American judge, lawyer and [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] politician from the US state of [[Oklahoma]]. She was the [[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma|15th Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma]], being the second woman and the first female Democratic Party member to hold that position.
'''Jari Askins''' (born April 27, 1953) is an American judge, lawyer, and [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] politician from the state of [[Oklahoma]]. She was the 15th [[lieutenant governor of Oklahoma]], being the second woman and the first female Democrat to hold that position.


Askins won the [[Oklahoma Democratic Party]]'s [[2010 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|2010 gubernatorial]] nomination by defeating Attorney General [[Drew Edmondson]]. She was defeated in the general election by [[Oklahoma Republican Party|Republican]] Congresswoman [[Mary Fallin]].<ref name=Ok.gov>{{cite web|title=2010 Election Results|url=http://www.ok.gov/elections/Candidates_&_Elections/Election_Results.html|website=ok.gov|publisher=State of Oklahoma|access-date=23 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313204136/http://www.ok.gov/elections/Candidates_%26_Elections/Election_Results.html|archive-date=March 13, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
Askins won the [[Oklahoma Democratic Party]]'s [[2010 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|2010 gubernatorial nomination]] by defeating Attorney General [[Drew Edmondson]]. She was defeated in the general election by [[Oklahoma Republican Party|Republican]] Congresswoman [[Mary Fallin]].


==Early life, education and career==
==Early life, education and career==
Askins was born on April 27, 1953, in [[Duncan, Oklahoma]]. She graduated from Duncan High School in 1971. She then attended the [[University of Oklahoma]] to receive a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism in 1975. While at OU, she was a member of the [[Alpha Chi Omega]] sorority. Askins received a [[Juris Doctorate]] from the [[University of Oklahoma College of Law]] in 1980. After graduating from OU, she entered into private practice.
Jari Askins was born on April 27, 1953, in [[Duncan, Oklahoma]].<ref name="ISU Bio">{{cite web |title=Jari Askins |url=https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/jari-askins/ |website=Archives of Women's Political Communication |publisher=[[Iowa State University]] |access-date=5 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref> She was raised there and graduated from Duncan High School in 1971.<ref name="Dem Party Bio">{{cite web |title=Oklahoma Women’s History Heroes: Jari Askins |url=https://okdemocrats.org/oklahoma-womens-history-heroes-jari-askins/ |website=okdemocrats.org |publisher=[[Oklahoma Democratic Party]] |access-date=5 May 2024 |date=18 March 2013}}</ref> She went on to attend the [[University of Oklahoma]] and earned a Bachelor of Arts in journalism in 1975.<ref name="ISU Bio" /> While at OU, she was a member of the [[Alpha Chi Omega]] sorority.<ref name="Dem Party Bio" /> Askins earned a [[Juris Doctor]] from the [[University of Oklahoma College of Law]] in 1980.<ref name="ISU Bio" /> After graduating from OU, she entered into private practice.<ref name="Lawton-1">{{cite news |title=Meet Jari Askins |url=https://www.swoknews.com/meet-jari-askins/article_b6ec45d3-1529-5665-b875-6702f1da4bc2.html |access-date=5 May 2024 |work=The Lawton Constitution |date=11 February 2007 |language=en}}</ref>


In 1982, Askins was appointed Special District Judge of [[Stephens County, Oklahoma]]. She served from 1982 to 1990, winning reelection in 1986. Under the administration of [[Governor of Oklahoma]] [[David Walters]], Askins entered the executive branch of government. She was the Chair of the [[Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board]] from 1991 to 1992, serving as the Board's first female chair. Askins served as Deputy General Counsel to Governor Walters from 1992 to 1994. Her last assignment under Governor Walters was as the Executive Director of the Pardon and Parole Board from February to November 1994.<ref name="oral hist">{{cite journal|last1=Finchum|first1=Tanya|title=Oral history interview with Jari Askins|journal=Women of the Oklahoma Legislature|date=November 6, 2008|url=http://dc.library.okstate.edu/cdm/ref/collection/legislature/id/350|access-date=23 March 2015}}</ref>
In 1982, Askins was appointed Special District Judge of [[Stephens County, Oklahoma]]. She served from 1982 to 1990,<ref name="ISU Bio" /> winning reelection in 1986.<ref name="Dem Party Bio" /> Under the administration of [[Governor of Oklahoma]] [[David Walters]], Askins entered the executive branch of government. She was the Chair of the [[Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board]] from 1991 to 1992, serving as the Board's first female chair. Askins served as Deputy General Counsel to Governor Walters from 1992 to 1994.<ref name="ISU Bio" /> Her last assignment under Governor Walters was as the executive director of the Pardon and Parole Board from February to November 1994.<ref name="Lawton-1" />


==Oklahoma House of Representatives (1995-2007)==
==Oklahoma House of Representatives (1995-2007)==
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Before Governor Walters was succeeded by [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] [[Frank Keating]], Askins ran, and was elected to, the [[Oklahoma House of Representatives]], beginning her term in 1995. She served six terms in office (12 years), the maximum combined service allowed in the [[Oklahoma Legislature]] as the Representative of the 50th House District, which includes her home town, [[Duncan, Oklahoma|Duncan]].
Before Governor Walters was succeeded by [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] [[Frank Keating]], Askins ran, and was elected to, the [[Oklahoma House of Representatives]], beginning her term in 1995. She served six terms in office (12 years), the maximum combined service allowed in the [[Oklahoma Legislature]] as the Representative of the 50th House District, which includes her home town, [[Duncan, Oklahoma|Duncan]].


During her final term (2005–2006), she was elected and served as Democratic House Minority Leader, the first woman to lead a caucus in the state's legislature.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 9, 2022|title=House Historic Members - Oklahoma House of Representatives|url=https://okhouse.gov/Members/Historic.aspx|url-status=live|access-date=January 9, 2022|website=[[Oklahoma House of Representatives]]}}</ref>
During her final term (2005–2006), she was elected and served as Democratic House Minority Leader, the first woman to lead a caucus in the state's legislature.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 9, 2022|title=House Historic Members - Oklahoma House of Representatives|url=https://okhouse.gov/Members/Historic.aspx|access-date=January 9, 2022|website=[[Oklahoma House of Representatives]]}}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


==2006 lieutenant governor campaign ==
==2006 lieutenant governor campaign ==
After reaching the mandatory legislative [[term limits|term limit]] of 12 years, Askins filed in the Democratic [[primary election]] to replace outgoing Republican [[Mary Fallin]] as [[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma]]. In the primaries, Askins faced former State Senate President Pro Tempore [[Cal Hobson]], lobbyist Pete Regan, and Jim Rogers.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McNutt|first=Michael|date=July 16, 2006|title=Eight campaign for lieutenant governor|page=P08|work=[[The Oklahoman]]|url=https://www.oklahoman.com|access-date=January 9, 2022|via=NewsBank}}</ref> Askins received the highest share of votes of the four candidates (40.2%), and advanced to the Democratic primary runoff, competing against Pete Regan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2006 Primary Election|url=https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-primary-election.html|access-date=2022-01-10|website=Oklahoma State Election Board (0270)|language=en}}</ref>
After reaching the mandatory legislative [[term limits|term limit]] of 12 years, Askins filed in the Democratic [[Partisan primary|primary election]] to replace outgoing Republican [[Mary Fallin]] as [[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma]]. In the primaries, Askins faced former State Senate President Pro Tempore [[Cal Hobson]], lobbyist Pete Regan, and Jim Rogers.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McNutt|first=Michael|date=July 16, 2006|title=Eight campaign for lieutenant governor|page=P08|work=[[The Oklahoman]]|url=https://www.oklahoman.com|access-date=January 9, 2022|via=NewsBank}}</ref> Askins received the highest share of votes of the four candidates (40.2%), and advanced to the Democratic primary runoff, competing against Pete Regan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2006 Primary Election|url=https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-primary-election.html|access-date=2022-01-10|website=Oklahoma State Election Board (0270)|language=en}}</ref>


In the run-off election on August 22, 2006, Askins defeated Regan, thus gaining the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor. Her general election opponents included [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] [[Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[Todd Hiett]], and E.Z. Million, an independent candidate from Norman.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McNutt|first=Michael|date=August 24, 2006|title=Political battle parallels past - Lieutenant governor race starts hours after runoff|page=4A|work=[[The Oklahoman]]|url=https://www.oklahoman.com|access-date=January 9, 2022|via=NewsBank}}</ref> Hiett sought to maintain Republican control of the office, which had been held by then-incumbent [[Mary Fallin]], since 1995. Askins campaigned in part on her experience in state government, with roles in all three branches of Oklahoma government: legislative (state representative), executive (Chair of the Pardon and Parole Board), and judicial (Special District Judge).
In the run-off election on August 22, 2006, Askins defeated Regan, thus gaining the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor. Her general election opponents included [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] [[Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[Todd Hiett]], and E.Z. Million, an independent candidate from Norman.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McNutt|first=Michael|date=August 24, 2006|title=Political battle parallels past - Lieutenant governor race starts hours after runoff|page=4A|work=[[The Oklahoman]]|url=https://www.oklahoman.com|access-date=January 9, 2022|via=NewsBank}}</ref> Hiett sought to maintain Republican control of the office, which had been held by then-incumbent [[Mary Fallin]], since 1995. Askins campaigned in part on her experience in state government, with roles in all three branches of Oklahoma government: legislative (state representative), executive (Chair of the Pardon and Parole Board), and judicial (Special District Judge).


Askins defeated Hiett and Million in the general election on November 7, 2006, becoming the first Democratic female (and second overall) to be elected lieutenant governor in Oklahoma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2006 Primary Election|url=https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-primary-election.html|access-date=2022-01-10|website=Oklahoma State Election Board (0270)|language=en}}</ref>
Askins eventually defeated Hiett and Million in the general election on November 7, 2006, becoming the first Democratic female (and second overall) to be formally elected lieutenant governor in Oklahoma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2006 Primary Election|url=https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-primary-election.html|access-date=2022-01-10|website=Oklahoma State Election Board (0270)|language=en}}</ref>


== Lieutenant Governor (2006-2010) ==
== Lieutenant Governor (2007-2011) ==
Askins' predecessor in the lieutenant governorship, Mary Fallin resigned from office on December 28, 2006, to be sworn in to her term in the [[110th United States Congress|U.S. House of Representatives.]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Greiner|first=John|date=December 29, 2006|title=Capitol: Lieutenant governor issues resignation letter - Fallin's exit gives Askins a head start|page=18A|work=The Oklahoman|url=https://www.theoklahoman.com|access-date=January 9, 2022|via=[[NewsBank]]}}</ref> Effective January 2, 2007, Fallin's resignation allowed then-Governor [[Brad Henry]] to appoint Askins (who was at that point the lieutenant governor-elect) to serve the final week of Fallin's term.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McNutt|first=Michael|date=January 3, 2007|title=Jari Askins becomes lieutenant governor|page=10A|work=[[The Oklahoman]]|url=https://www.oklahoman.com}}</ref> At the conclusion of that term, on January 8, 2007, Askins then formally started her own full term of office.
Askins' predecessor in the lieutenant governorship, Mary Fallin resigned from her office on December 28, 2006, to be sworn in specifically to her term in the [[110th United States Congress|U.S. House of Representatives.]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Greiner|first=John|date=December 29, 2006|title=Capitol: Lieutenant governor issues resignation letter - Fallin's exit gives Askins a head start|page=18A|work=The Oklahoman|url=https://www.theoklahoman.com|access-date=January 9, 2022|via=[[NewsBank]]}}</ref> Effective January 2, 2007, Fallin's resignation allowed then incumbent Governor [[Brad Henry]] to appoint Askins (who was at that point the lieutenant governor-elect) to serve the final week of Fallin's term.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McNutt|first=Michael|date=January 3, 2007|title=Jari Askins becomes lieutenant governor|page=10A|work=[[The Oklahoman]]|url=https://www.oklahoman.com}}</ref> At the conclusion of that term, on January 8, 2007, Askins then formally started her own full term of office.


As lieutenant governor, Askins served on various boards and commissions, including chairing the [[Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation|Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Commission]] and the Oklahoma Film and Music Advisory Commission. Governor [[Brad Henry]] also named her as "Oklahoma's Small Business Advocate".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ok.gov/ltgovernor/Biography/|title=Oklahoma Lieutenant Governor Jari Askins – About Jari Askins |publisher=Ok.gov |access-date=2010-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ok.gov/ocsw/The_Kate_Barnard_Award/Lieutenant_Governor_Jari_Askins.html|title=Oklahoma Lieutenant Governor Jari Askins – Boards and Commissions |publisher=Ok.gov |access-date=2010-09-04}}</ref> Oklahoma's 100th anniversary as a U.S state coincided with Lt. Gov Askins' and Governor Henry's terms, with both participating in Statehood Week commemorations. Askins, in her role as President of the [[Oklahoma Senate|Oklahoma State Senate]] presided over a legislative session held in [[Guthrie, Oklahoma|Guthrie]], Oklahoma's capitol at the time of statehood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 14, 2007|title=Statehood week schedule|page=6A|work=[[The Oklahoman]]|url=https://www.oklahoman.com|access-date=January 9, 2022|via=[[NewsBank]]}}</ref>
As lieutenant governor, Askins served on various boards and commissions, including chairing the [[Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation|Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Commission]] and the Oklahoma Film and Music Advisory Commission. Governor [[Brad Henry]] also named her as "Oklahoma's Small Business Advocate".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ok.gov/ltgovernor/Biography/|title=Oklahoma Lieutenant Governor Jari Askins – About Jari Askins |publisher=Ok.gov |access-date=2010-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ok.gov/ocsw/The_Kate_Barnard_Award/Lieutenant_Governor_Jari_Askins.html|title=Oklahoma Lieutenant Governor Jari Askins – Boards and Commissions |publisher=Ok.gov |access-date=2010-09-04}}</ref> Oklahoma's 100th anniversary as a U.S. state coincided with Lt. Gov Askins' and Governor Henry's terms, with both participating in Statehood Week commemorations. Askins, in her role as President of the [[Oklahoma Senate|Oklahoma State Senate]] presided over a legislative session held in [[Guthrie, Oklahoma|Guthrie]], Oklahoma's capitol at the time of statehood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 14, 2007|title=Statehood week schedule|page=6A|work=[[The Oklahoman]]|url=https://www.oklahoman.com|access-date=January 9, 2022|via=[[NewsBank]]}}</ref>


==2010 gubernatorial campaign==
==2010 gubernatorial campaign==
{{Main|2010 Oklahoma gubernatorial election}}
{{Main|2010 Oklahoma gubernatorial election}}


Askins announced on January 4, 2009 that she would run for [[Governor of Oklahoma|governor]] in [[2010 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|2010]] to succeed term-limited [[Brad Henry]].<ref>McNutt, Michael. [http://newsok.com/oklahoma-lt.-gov.-jari-askins-said-she-will-run-for-governor-in-2010/article/3335299 "Oklahoma Lt. Gov. Jari Askins said she will run for governor in 2010."] NewsOk.com, January 4, 2009</ref> She was the first candidate to declare an intention to run.
Askins announced on January 4, 2009, that she would run for [[Governor of Oklahoma|governor]] in [[2010 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|2010]] to succeed term-limited [[Brad Henry]].<ref>McNutt, Michael. [http://newsok.com/oklahoma-lt.-gov.-jari-askins-said-she-will-run-for-governor-in-2010/article/3335299 "Oklahoma Lt. Gov. Jari Askins said she will run for governor in 2010."] NewsOk.com, January 4, 2009</ref> She was the first candidate to declare an intention to run.


As announced on July 27, 2010, Jari Askins won the Democratic primary against then-[[Oklahoma Attorney General]] [[Drew Edmondson]] and was on the November ballot for governor, facing Republican candidate [[Mary Fallin]]. The Askins vs. Fallin race and the simultaneous [[Diane Denish]] vs. [[Susana Martinez]] race in New Mexico were the third and fourth cases of woman vs. woman gubernatorial races in U.S. history. The two Oklahoma candidates participated in a single lieutenant governor's debate on October 19, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hudson |first=Sid |date=2010-10-21 |title=Jari Askins for Governor » Blog Archive » Debate Info |url=http://www.jariaskins.com/?p=1708 |access-date=2022-01-12 |website= |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20101021192612/http://www.jariaskins.com/?p=1708 |archive-date=21 October 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Fallin won the election, becoming Oklahoma's first female governor. Askins only carried four counties, including her home county of [[Stephens County, Oklahoma|Stephens County]].
As announced on July 27, 2010, Jari Askins won the Democratic primary against then-[[Oklahoma Attorney General]] [[Drew Edmondson]] and was on the November ballot for governor, facing Republican candidate [[Mary Fallin]]. The Askins vs. Fallin race and the simultaneous [[Diane Denish]] vs. [[Susana Martinez]] race in New Mexico were the third and fourth cases of woman vs. woman gubernatorial races in U.S. history. The two Oklahoma candidates participated in a single lieutenant governor's debate on October 19, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hudson |first=Sid |date=2010-10-21 |title=Jari Askins for Governor » Blog Archive » Debate Info |url=http://www.jariaskins.com/?p=1708 |access-date=2022-01-12 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021192612/http://www.jariaskins.com/?p=1708 |archive-date=21 October 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Fallin won the election, becoming Oklahoma's first female governor. Askins only carried four counties, including her home county of [[Stephens County, Oklahoma|Stephens County]].


==Post-electoral career==
==Post-electoral career==
In April 2015, [[Mary Fallin|Governor Mary Fallin]], named Askins as a special advisor on [[Child protection|child welfare]] and implementation of Oklahoma's Pinnacle Plan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Green|first=Rick|date=April 3, 2015|title=Governor names Jari Askins special adviser on child welfare and Pinnacle Plan|page=6|work=The Oklahoman}}</ref> In the role, Askins was responsible for reforms to [[Oklahoma Department of Human Services|Oklahoma's Department of Human Services]] ordered by courts, following a class action lawsuit related to [[Throwaway Kids|deficiencies found in Oklahoma's foster care system]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Graham|first=Ginnie|date=April 10, 2015|title=Transforming Oklahoma's child welfare system won't be an easy fix|work=Tulsa World}}</ref>
In April 2015, [[Mary Fallin|Governor Mary Fallin]], named Askins as a special advisor on [[Child protection|child welfare]] and implementation of Oklahoma's Pinnacle Plan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Green|first=Rick|date=April 3, 2015|title=Governor names Jari Askins special adviser on child welfare and Pinnacle Plan|page=6|work=The Oklahoman}}</ref> In the role, Askins was responsible for reforms to [[Oklahoma Department of Human Services|Oklahoma's Department of Human Services]] ordered by courts, following a class action lawsuit related to [[Throwaway Kids|deficiencies found in Oklahoma's foster care system]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Graham|first=Ginnie|date=April 10, 2015|title=Transforming Oklahoma's child welfare system won't be an easy fix|work=Tulsa World}}</ref>


Shortly after her appointment as a special advisor, Askins was next appointed to government service tied to the judicial branch. Askins was selected in September 2015 by the [[Oklahoma Supreme Court]] to lead the Oklahoma Administrative Office of the Courts, succeeding retiring director Michael Evans.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Green|first=Rick|date=September 18, 2015|title=Oklahoma Supreme Court names Askins administrative director|url=https://www.oklahoman.com|url-status=live|website=The Oklahoman}}</ref> Askins performed the role under supervision of the Chief Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, to oversee [[Oklahoma judicial system|Oklahoma's judicial system.]] Included in the responsibilities of the Director are operations, budget and personnel matters in all 77 district courts and Oklahoma's courts of special jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stecklein|first=Janelle|date=2021-09-08|title=Advocate, lawmakers want to review court fee structure in Oklahoma|work=McAlester News-Capital & Democrat|url=https://www.mcalesternews.com/|access-date=2022-01-03|via=NewsBank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-07|title=ANNUAL REPORT FISCAL YEAR 2020|url=http://www.oscn.net/static/annual-report-2020.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Supreme Court of Oklahoma}}</ref>
Shortly after her appointment as a special advisor, Askins was next appointed to government service tied to the judicial branch. Askins was selected in September 2015 by the [[Oklahoma Supreme Court]] to lead the Oklahoma Administrative Office of the Courts, succeeding retiring director Michael Evans.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Green|first=Rick|date=September 18, 2015|title=Oklahoma Supreme Court names Askins administrative director|url=https://www.oklahoman.com|website=The Oklahoman}}</ref> Askins performed the role under the supervision of the Chief Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, to oversee [[Oklahoma judicial system|Oklahoma's judicial system.]] Included in the responsibilities of the Director are operations, budget and personnel matters in all 77 district courts and Oklahoma's courts of special jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stecklein|first=Janelle|date=2021-09-08|title=Advocate, lawmakers want to review court fee structure in Oklahoma|work=McAlester News-Capital & Democrat|url=https://www.mcalesternews.com/|access-date=2022-01-03|via=NewsBank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-07|title=ANNUAL REPORT FISCAL YEAR 2020|url=http://www.oscn.net/static/annual-report-2020.pdf|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Supreme Court of Oklahoma}}</ref> She announced her retirement set for June 30, 2024.<ref name="Hoberock-1">{{cite news |last1=Hoberock |first1=Barbara |title=Oklahoma ‘legend’ Askins to retire from courts job |url=https://oklahomavoice.com/briefs/oklahoma-legend-askins-to-retire-from-courts-job/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |work=Oklahoma Voice |date=May 1, 2024}}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Askins has been inducted into the [[Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame]].<ref>[http://www.ok.gov/ocsw/Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame/Inductees-Alphabetical/index.html Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame list of inductees]</ref> According to her campaign website, she is an active member of the First Christian Church of Duncan, a [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]] congregation.<ref>[http://www.fccduncan.com First Christian Church of Duncan]</ref>
Askins has been inducted into the [[Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame]] in 2001. She is an active member of the First Christian Church of Duncan, a [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]] congregation.<ref name="Lawton-1" />


== Electoral history ==
== Electoral history ==
{{Election box begin no change|title=July 25, 2006 Democratic Lieutenant Governor - Primary election<ref name="runoffresults">{{cite web|url=https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-primary-election.html|title=UNOFFICIAL RESULTS|work=Oklahoma State Election Board|access-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20211009224630/https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-primary-election.html|archive-date=October 9, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box begin no change|title=July 25, 2006 Democratic Lieutenant Governor - Primary election<ref name="runoffresults">{{cite web|url=https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-primary-election.html|title=UNOFFICIAL RESULTS|work=Oklahoma State Election Board|access-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009224630/https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-primary-election.html|archive-date=October 9, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Jari Askins|votes=103,515|percentage=40.22}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Pete Regan|votes=74,784|percentage=29.05}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Jari Askins|votes=103,515|percentage=40.22}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Pete Regan|votes=74,784|percentage=29.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Cal Hobson|votes=46,768|percentage=18.17}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Jim Rogers|votes=32,336|percentage=12.56}}{{Election box total no change|votes=257,403|percentage=100.0}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Cal Hobson]]|votes=46,768|percentage=18.17}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Jim Rogers|votes=32,336|percentage=12.56}}{{Election box total no change|votes=257,403|percentage=100.0}}
{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change|title=August 22, 2006 Democratic Lieutenant Governor - Primary runoff election<ref name="runoffresults2">{{cite web|url=https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-runoff-primary-election.html|title=UNOFFICIAL RESULTS|work=Oklahoma State Election Board|access-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20211009224636/https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-runoff-primary-election.html|archive-date=October 9, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change|title=August 22, 2006 Democratic Lieutenant Governor - Primary runoff election<ref name="runoffresults2">{{cite web|url=https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-runoff-primary-election.html|title=UNOFFICIAL RESULTS|work=Oklahoma State Election Board|access-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009224636/https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2006-election-results/2006-runoff-primary-election.html|archive-date=October 9, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Jari Askins|votes=95,096|percentage=53.81}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Jari Askins|votes=95,096|percentage=53.81}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Pete Regan|votes=81,626|percentage=46.19}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Pete Regan|votes=81,626|percentage=46.19}}
{{Election box total no change|votes=176,722|percentage=100.0}}
{{Election box total no change|votes=176,722|percentage=100.0}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change|title=2010 Oklahoma gubernatorial election <ref name="generalelection1">{{cite web|url=https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2010-election-results/10gen.html|title=SUMMARY RESULTS, General Election - November 2, 2010|work=Oklahoma State Election Board|access-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20211009224458/https://oklahoma.gov/elections/elections-results/election-results/2010-election-results/10gen.html|archive-date=October 9, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box begin no change|title=2010 Oklahoma gubernatorial election<ref name=Ok.gov>{{cite web|title=2010 Election Results|url=http://www.ok.gov/elections/Candidates_&_Elections/Election_Results.html|website=ok.gov|publisher=State of Oklahoma|access-date=23 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313204136/http://www.ok.gov/elections/Candidates_%26_Elections/Election_Results.html|archive-date=March 13, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate=Mary Fallin|party=Republican Party (United States)|votes=625,506|percentage=60.45}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate=Mary Fallin|party=Republican Party (United States)|votes=625,506|percentage=60.45}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Jari Askins|party=Democratic Party (United States)|votes=409,261|percentage=39.55}}{{Election box total no change|votes=''1,034,767''|percentage=''100.0%''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Jari Askins|party=Democratic Party (United States)|votes=409,261|percentage=39.55}}{{Election box total no change|votes=''1,034,767''|percentage=''100.0%''}}
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*[http://jariaskins.com/ Jari Askins for Governor] ''official campaign site''
*[http://jariaskins.com/ Jari Askins for Governor] ''official campaign site''
*[https://library.okstate.edu/oralhistory/digital/wotol/ Jari Askins – ''Women of the Oklahoma Legislature Oral History Project'', Oklahoma Oral History Research Program]
*[https://library.okstate.edu/oralhistory/digital/wotol/ Jari Askins – ''Women of the Oklahoma Legislature Oral History Project'', Oklahoma Oral History Research Program]
*{{C-SPAN|jariaskins}}
*{{C-SPAN|9273627}}


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{{s-bef|before=[[Laura Boyd]]}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma]]|years=[[Oklahoma gubernatorial election, 2006|2006]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma]]|years=[[2006 Oklahoma lieutenant gubernatorial election|2006]]}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Brad Henry]]}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[Governor of Oklahoma]]|years=[[Oklahoma gubernatorial election, 2010|2010]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[Governor of Oklahoma]]|years=[[2010 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|2010]]}}
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[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:21st-century American politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century American women politicians]]
[[Category:American Disciples of Christ]]
[[Category:American Disciples of Christ]]
[[Category:Lieutenant Governors of Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 2010 United States elections]]
[[Category:Lieutenant governors of Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Oklahoma Democrats]]
[[Category:Oklahoma lawyers]]
[[Category:Oklahoma lawyers]]
[[Category:People from Duncan, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:People from Duncan, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:University of Oklahoma College of Law alumni]]
[[Category:University of Oklahoma College of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Women state legislators in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Women state legislators in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives]]
[[Category:21st-century Oklahoma politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century American women politicians]]

Latest revision as of 02:09, 21 October 2024

Jari Askins
15th Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma
In office
January 2, 2007 – January 10, 2011
GovernorBrad Henry
Preceded byMary Fallin
Succeeded byTodd Lamb
Minority Leader of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
In office
January 2005 – January 2, 2007
Preceded byTodd Hiett
Succeeded byDanny Morgan
Member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
from the 50th district
In office
January 9, 1995 – January 2, 2007
Preceded byEd Apple
Succeeded byDennis Johnson
Personal details
Born (1953-04-27) April 27, 1953 (age 71)
Duncan, Oklahoma, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
EducationUniversity of Oklahoma (BA, JD)

Jari Askins (born April 27, 1953) is an American judge, lawyer, and Democratic politician from the state of Oklahoma. She was the 15th lieutenant governor of Oklahoma, being the second woman and the first female Democrat to hold that position.

Askins won the Oklahoma Democratic Party's 2010 gubernatorial nomination by defeating Attorney General Drew Edmondson. She was defeated in the general election by Republican Congresswoman Mary Fallin.

Early life, education and career

[edit]

Jari Askins was born on April 27, 1953, in Duncan, Oklahoma.[1] She was raised there and graduated from Duncan High School in 1971.[2] She went on to attend the University of Oklahoma and earned a Bachelor of Arts in journalism in 1975.[1] While at OU, she was a member of the Alpha Chi Omega sorority.[2] Askins earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Oklahoma College of Law in 1980.[1] After graduating from OU, she entered into private practice.[3]

In 1982, Askins was appointed Special District Judge of Stephens County, Oklahoma. She served from 1982 to 1990,[1] winning reelection in 1986.[2] Under the administration of Governor of Oklahoma David Walters, Askins entered the executive branch of government. She was the Chair of the Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board from 1991 to 1992, serving as the Board's first female chair. Askins served as Deputy General Counsel to Governor Walters from 1992 to 1994.[1] Her last assignment under Governor Walters was as the executive director of the Pardon and Parole Board from February to November 1994.[3]

Oklahoma House of Representatives (1995-2007)

[edit]
Askins during her time in the House

Before Governor Walters was succeeded by Republican Frank Keating, Askins ran, and was elected to, the Oklahoma House of Representatives, beginning her term in 1995. She served six terms in office (12 years), the maximum combined service allowed in the Oklahoma Legislature as the Representative of the 50th House District, which includes her home town, Duncan.

During her final term (2005–2006), she was elected and served as Democratic House Minority Leader, the first woman to lead a caucus in the state's legislature.[4]

2006 lieutenant governor campaign

[edit]

After reaching the mandatory legislative term limit of 12 years, Askins filed in the Democratic primary election to replace outgoing Republican Mary Fallin as Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma. In the primaries, Askins faced former State Senate President Pro Tempore Cal Hobson, lobbyist Pete Regan, and Jim Rogers.[5] Askins received the highest share of votes of the four candidates (40.2%), and advanced to the Democratic primary runoff, competing against Pete Regan.[6]

In the run-off election on August 22, 2006, Askins defeated Regan, thus gaining the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor. Her general election opponents included Republican Speaker of the House Todd Hiett, and E.Z. Million, an independent candidate from Norman.[7] Hiett sought to maintain Republican control of the office, which had been held by then-incumbent Mary Fallin, since 1995. Askins campaigned in part on her experience in state government, with roles in all three branches of Oklahoma government: legislative (state representative), executive (Chair of the Pardon and Parole Board), and judicial (Special District Judge).

Askins eventually defeated Hiett and Million in the general election on November 7, 2006, becoming the first Democratic female (and second overall) to be formally elected lieutenant governor in Oklahoma.[8]

Lieutenant Governor (2007-2011)

[edit]

Askins' predecessor in the lieutenant governorship, Mary Fallin resigned from her office on December 28, 2006, to be sworn in specifically to her term in the U.S. House of Representatives.[9] Effective January 2, 2007, Fallin's resignation allowed then incumbent Governor Brad Henry to appoint Askins (who was at that point the lieutenant governor-elect) to serve the final week of Fallin's term.[10] At the conclusion of that term, on January 8, 2007, Askins then formally started her own full term of office.

As lieutenant governor, Askins served on various boards and commissions, including chairing the Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Commission and the Oklahoma Film and Music Advisory Commission. Governor Brad Henry also named her as "Oklahoma's Small Business Advocate".[11][12] Oklahoma's 100th anniversary as a U.S. state coincided with Lt. Gov Askins' and Governor Henry's terms, with both participating in Statehood Week commemorations. Askins, in her role as President of the Oklahoma State Senate presided over a legislative session held in Guthrie, Oklahoma's capitol at the time of statehood.[13]

2010 gubernatorial campaign

[edit]

Askins announced on January 4, 2009, that she would run for governor in 2010 to succeed term-limited Brad Henry.[14] She was the first candidate to declare an intention to run.

As announced on July 27, 2010, Jari Askins won the Democratic primary against then-Oklahoma Attorney General Drew Edmondson and was on the November ballot for governor, facing Republican candidate Mary Fallin. The Askins vs. Fallin race and the simultaneous Diane Denish vs. Susana Martinez race in New Mexico were the third and fourth cases of woman vs. woman gubernatorial races in U.S. history. The two Oklahoma candidates participated in a single lieutenant governor's debate on October 19, 2010.[15] Fallin won the election, becoming Oklahoma's first female governor. Askins only carried four counties, including her home county of Stephens County.

Post-electoral career

[edit]

In April 2015, Governor Mary Fallin, named Askins as a special advisor on child welfare and implementation of Oklahoma's Pinnacle Plan.[16] In the role, Askins was responsible for reforms to Oklahoma's Department of Human Services ordered by courts, following a class action lawsuit related to deficiencies found in Oklahoma's foster care system.[17]

Shortly after her appointment as a special advisor, Askins was next appointed to government service tied to the judicial branch. Askins was selected in September 2015 by the Oklahoma Supreme Court to lead the Oklahoma Administrative Office of the Courts, succeeding retiring director Michael Evans.[18] Askins performed the role under the supervision of the Chief Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, to oversee Oklahoma's judicial system. Included in the responsibilities of the Director are operations, budget and personnel matters in all 77 district courts and Oklahoma's courts of special jurisdiction.[19][20] She announced her retirement set for June 30, 2024.[21]

Personal life

[edit]

Askins has been inducted into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame in 2001. She is an active member of the First Christian Church of Duncan, a Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) congregation.[3]

Electoral history

[edit]
July 25, 2006 Democratic Lieutenant Governor - Primary election[22]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jari Askins 103,515 40.22
Democratic Pete Regan 74,784 29.05
Democratic Cal Hobson 46,768 18.17
Democratic Jim Rogers 32,336 12.56
Total votes 257,403 100.0
August 22, 2006 Democratic Lieutenant Governor - Primary runoff election[23]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jari Askins 95,096 53.81
Democratic Pete Regan 81,626 46.19
Total votes 176,722 100.0
2010 Oklahoma gubernatorial election[24]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mary Fallin 625,506 60.45
Democratic Jari Askins 409,261 39.55
Total votes 1,034,767 100.0%
Republican gain from Democratic Swing 6.05

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "Jari Askins". Archives of Women's Political Communication. Iowa State University. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "Oklahoma Women's History Heroes: Jari Askins". okdemocrats.org. Oklahoma Democratic Party. March 18, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Meet Jari Askins". The Lawton Constitution. February 11, 2007. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  4. ^ "House Historic Members - Oklahoma House of Representatives". Oklahoma House of Representatives. January 9, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2022.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ McNutt, Michael (July 16, 2006). "Eight campaign for lieutenant governor". The Oklahoman. p. P08. Retrieved January 9, 2022 – via NewsBank.
  6. ^ "2006 Primary Election". Oklahoma State Election Board (0270). Retrieved January 10, 2022.
  7. ^ McNutt, Michael (August 24, 2006). "Political battle parallels past - Lieutenant governor race starts hours after runoff". The Oklahoman. p. 4A. Retrieved January 9, 2022 – via NewsBank.
  8. ^ "2006 Primary Election". Oklahoma State Election Board (0270). Retrieved January 10, 2022.
  9. ^ Greiner, John (December 29, 2006). "Capitol: Lieutenant governor issues resignation letter - Fallin's exit gives Askins a head start". The Oklahoman. p. 18A. Retrieved January 9, 2022 – via NewsBank.
  10. ^ McNutt, Michael (January 3, 2007). "Jari Askins becomes lieutenant governor". The Oklahoman. p. 10A.
  11. ^ "Oklahoma Lieutenant Governor Jari Askins – About Jari Askins". Ok.gov. Retrieved September 4, 2010.
  12. ^ "Oklahoma Lieutenant Governor Jari Askins – Boards and Commissions". Ok.gov. Retrieved September 4, 2010.
  13. ^ "Statehood week schedule". The Oklahoman. November 14, 2007. p. 6A. Retrieved January 9, 2022 – via NewsBank.
  14. ^ McNutt, Michael. "Oklahoma Lt. Gov. Jari Askins said she will run for governor in 2010." NewsOk.com, January 4, 2009
  15. ^ Hudson, Sid (October 21, 2010). "Jari Askins for Governor » Blog Archive » Debate Info". Archived from the original on October 21, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  16. ^ Green, Rick (April 3, 2015). "Governor names Jari Askins special adviser on child welfare and Pinnacle Plan". The Oklahoman. p. 6.
  17. ^ Graham, Ginnie (April 10, 2015). "Transforming Oklahoma's child welfare system won't be an easy fix". Tulsa World.
  18. ^ Green, Rick (September 18, 2015). "Oklahoma Supreme Court names Askins administrative director". The Oklahoman.
  19. ^ Stecklein, Janelle (September 8, 2021). "Advocate, lawmakers want to review court fee structure in Oklahoma". McAlester News-Capital & Democrat. Retrieved January 3, 2022 – via NewsBank.
  20. ^ "ANNUAL REPORT FISCAL YEAR 2020" (PDF). Supreme Court of Oklahoma. July 7, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  21. ^ Hoberock, Barbara (May 1, 2024). "Oklahoma 'legend' Askins to retire from courts job". Oklahoma Voice. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  22. ^ "UNOFFICIAL RESULTS". Oklahoma State Election Board. Archived from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
  23. ^ "UNOFFICIAL RESULTS". Oklahoma State Election Board. Archived from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
  24. ^ "2010 Election Results". ok.gov. State of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on March 13, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
[edit]
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma
2006
Succeeded by
Preceded by Democratic nominee for Governor of Oklahoma
2010
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma
2007–2011
Succeeded by