François Grimaldi: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|1309 Genoese nobleman; leader of the Guelphs}} |
{{Short description|1309 Genoese nobleman; leader of the Guelphs}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox noble |
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| name = François Grimaldi |
| name = François Grimaldi |
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| title = ''Lord of Monaco'' |
| title = ''Lord of Monaco'' |
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'''Francesco Grimaldi''' ({{ |
'''Francesco Grimaldi''' ({{langx|fr|'''François'''|italics=no}}; {{langx|en|'''Francis'''|italics=no}}), called {{lang|it|'''il Malizia'''}} (from [[Italian language|Italian]]: "''the malicious''") was the [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] leader of the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Guelph]]s who captured the [[Rock of Monaco]] on the night of 8 January 1297. He was the son of Guglielmo Grimaldi by his wife Giacobina or Giacoba, a Genoese noble. |
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==Capture of Monaco== |
==Capture of Monaco== |
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The capture of Monaco happened at a time during a long conflict in medieval Italy between the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]]. The Guelph and Ghibelline members were of two opposing factions in German and Italian politics during the Middle Ages, which sparked conflict that would last centuries and contributed to chronic strife within the cities of Northern Italy spanning over the course of the 13th and 14th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guelf and Ghibelline |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Guelf-and-Ghibelline |website=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> The house Grimaldi was one of the most influential and powerful families in Genoa having allegiance to the Pope, against Ghibelline support of the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1295, Guelph forces from [[Liguria]] led by Francesco Grimaldi, were routed by a successful advance from the Ghibbeline army and were forced to take refuge on the Rock of Monaco.<ref>Southern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places. (2013). United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.</ref> The assault culminated two years later on January 8, 1297, where Grimaldi, dressed as a [[Franciscan Order|Franciscan]] friar, lead a small contingent of followers and was greeted at the gates of [[Prince's Palace of Monaco|Monaco's castle]], only then to seize the castle with his cousin [[Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes|Rainier I]], Lord of [[Cagnes-sur-Mer|Cagnes]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=François Grimaldi, also known as "Malizia" |url=https://en.gouv.mc/Government-Institutions/History-and-Heritage/Personalities/Francois-Grimaldi-also-known-as-Malizia |website=en.gouv.mc/}}</ref> {{citation needed|date=June 2023}}The event is commemorated on the [[Coat of arms of Monaco|Monegasque coat of arms]], represented as two friars brandishing swords with the motto "''Deo Juvante''" which translates as "With the Help of God." |
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The citadel of Monaco was held for four years until the Ghibbeline stronghold was compromised over time under prolonged Genoese attack. Francesco thus failed to establish the Grimaldis' rule over [[Monaco]], in this instance, but this was the first attempt to do so. The Grimaldi family subsequently resolved to regain the territory due to its advantageous potential as a base for the maritime trade business; responsible for the family's generational affluence. {{citation needed|date=June 2023}} |
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==Family== |
==Family== |
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The Grimaldi lineage |
The Grimaldi lineage descended from [[Grimaldo Canella]]. Originating from Genoa, Grimaldo was a twelfth-century statesman and served as Consul of Genoa several times, whose forename adorned his predecessors; becoming the family's accepted surname.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Grimaldi dynasty: a presence in Monaco for over seven centuries |url=https://monaconow.com/the-grimaldi-dynasty-a-presence-in-monaco-for-over-seven-centuries/ |website=www.monaconow.com/|date=31 January 2020 }}</ref> |
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Francesco was married in 1295 to Aurelia del Carretto, widow of his cousin, Lanfranco Grimaldi. The marriage was childless, thus the modern Grimaldis are therefore not descendants of Francesco.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Family tree of Rainier Ier GRIMALDI |url=https://en.geneastar.org/genealogy/grimaldir/rainier-ier-grimaldi |website=en.geneastar.org/}}</ref> After his death, in 1309, he was succeeded by his cousin (and stepson), [[Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Rainier I – the First Lord of Monaco |url=https://www.hellomonaco.com/sightseeing/grimaldi-family/rainier-i-the-first-lord-of-monaco/ |website=www.hellomonaco.com}}</ref>{{ |
Francesco was married in 1295 to Aurelia del Carretto, widow of his cousin, Lanfranco Grimaldi. The marriage was childless, thus the modern Grimaldis are therefore not descendants of Francesco.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Family tree of Rainier Ier GRIMALDI |url=https://en.geneastar.org/genealogy/grimaldir/rainier-ier-grimaldi |website=en.geneastar.org/}}</ref> After his death, in 1309, he was succeeded by his cousin (and stepson), [[Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= 25 January 2018|title=Rainier I – the First Lord of Monaco |url=https://www.hellomonaco.com/sightseeing/grimaldi-family/rainier-i-the-first-lord-of-monaco/ |website=www.hellomonaco.com}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} |
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His cousin's descendants, the [[House of Grimaldi|Grimaldi]] family, still rule Monaco today. Over one hundred years after the coup, the Grimaldis purchased Monaco from the [[crown of Aragon]] in 1419, and became the official and undisputed rulers of "the [[Rock of Monaco]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/ |title=Monaco – The Principality of Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> [[Rainier II, Lord of Monaco|Rainier Il]]'s three sons-Ambroise, Antoine and Jean purchased Monaco in the name of Grimaldi from its then owner, Queen [[Yolande of Aragon]]. |
His cousin's descendants, the [[House of Grimaldi|Grimaldi]] family, still rule Monaco today. Over one hundred years after the coup, the Grimaldis purchased Monaco from the [[crown of Aragon]] in 1419, and became the official and undisputed rulers of "the [[Rock of Monaco]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/ |title=Monaco – The Principality of Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> [[Rainier II, Lord of Monaco|Rainier Il]]'s three sons-Ambroise, Antoine and Jean purchased Monaco in the name of Grimaldi from its then owner, Queen [[Yolande of Aragon]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==Sources== |
==Sources== |
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*Françoise de Bernardy, ''Princes of Monaco: the remarkable history of the Grimaldi family'', ed. Barker, 1961. |
*Françoise de Bernardy, ''Princes of Monaco: the remarkable history of the Grimaldi family'', ed. Barker, 1961. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commons category-inline}} |
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{{Princes of Monaco}} |
{{Princes of Monaco}} |
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[[Category:Place of birth missing]] |
[[Category:Place of birth missing]] |
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[[Category:Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines]] |
[[Category:Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines]] |
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{{monaco-bio-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 23:40, 24 October 2024
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (June 2023) |
François Grimaldi | |
|---|---|
| Lord of Monaco | |
 Fresco with François Grimaldi, nickname "Malizia", on a wall of the rue Comte Félix Castaldi in Monaco | |
| Born | c. 12?? Genoa, Republic of Genoa |
| Died | 1309 Ventimiglia, Republic of Genoa |
| Noble family | House of Grimaldi |
| Spouse(s) | Aurelia del Carretto |
| Father | Guglielmo Grimaldi |
| Mother | Giacoba |
Francesco Grimaldi (French: François; English: Francis), called il Malizia (from Italian: "the malicious") was the Genoese leader of the Guelphs who captured the Rock of Monaco on the night of 8 January 1297. He was the son of Guglielmo Grimaldi by his wife Giacobina or Giacoba, a Genoese noble.
Capture of Monaco
[edit]The capture of Monaco happened at a time during a long conflict in medieval Italy between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Guelph and Ghibelline members were of two opposing factions in German and Italian politics during the Middle Ages, which sparked conflict that would last centuries and contributed to chronic strife within the cities of Northern Italy spanning over the course of the 13th and 14th century.[1] The house Grimaldi was one of the most influential and powerful families in Genoa having allegiance to the Pope, against Ghibelline support of the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1295, Guelph forces from Liguria led by Francesco Grimaldi, were routed by a successful advance from the Ghibbeline army and were forced to take refuge on the Rock of Monaco.[2] The assault culminated two years later on January 8, 1297, where Grimaldi, dressed as a Franciscan friar, lead a small contingent of followers and was greeted at the gates of Monaco's castle, only then to seize the castle with his cousin Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes.[3] [citation needed]The event is commemorated on the Monegasque coat of arms, represented as two friars brandishing swords with the motto "Deo Juvante" which translates as "With the Help of God."
The citadel of Monaco was held for four years until the Ghibbeline stronghold was compromised over time under prolonged Genoese attack. Francesco thus failed to establish the Grimaldis' rule over Monaco, in this instance, but this was the first attempt to do so. The Grimaldi family subsequently resolved to regain the territory due to its advantageous potential as a base for the maritime trade business; responsible for the family's generational affluence. [citation needed]
Family
[edit]The Grimaldi lineage descended from Grimaldo Canella. Originating from Genoa, Grimaldo was a twelfth-century statesman and served as Consul of Genoa several times, whose forename adorned his predecessors; becoming the family's accepted surname.[4]
Francesco was married in 1295 to Aurelia del Carretto, widow of his cousin, Lanfranco Grimaldi. The marriage was childless, thus the modern Grimaldis are therefore not descendants of Francesco.[5] After his death, in 1309, he was succeeded by his cousin (and stepson), Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes.[6][citation needed]
His cousin's descendants, the Grimaldi family, still rule Monaco today. Over one hundred years after the coup, the Grimaldis purchased Monaco from the crown of Aragon in 1419, and became the official and undisputed rulers of "the Rock of Monaco".[7] Rainier Il's three sons-Ambroise, Antoine and Jean purchased Monaco in the name of Grimaldi from its then owner, Queen Yolande of Aragon.
References
[edit]- ^ "Guelf and Ghibelline". www.britannica.com/.
- ^ Southern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places. (2013). United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
- ^ "François Grimaldi, also known as "Malizia"". en.gouv.mc/.
- ^ "The Grimaldi dynasty: a presence in Monaco for over seven centuries". www.monaconow.com/. 31 January 2020.
- ^ "Family tree of Rainier Ier GRIMALDI". en.geneastar.org/.
- ^ "Rainier I – the First Lord of Monaco". www.hellomonaco.com. 25 January 2018.
- ^ "Monaco – The Principality of Monaco". Monaco.me. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
Sources
[edit]- Françoise de Bernardy, Princes of Monaco: the remarkable history of the Grimaldi family, ed. Barker, 1961.
External links
[edit]
Media related to François Grimaldi at Wikimedia Commons
