Ukrainian Radical Party: Difference between revisions
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| name = Ukrainian Radical Party |
| name = Ukrainian Radical Party |
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| native_name = <small>Українська радикальна партія</small> |
| native_name = <small>Українська радикальна партія</small> |
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| logo = |
| logo = Symbol of the Ukrainian Radical Party.svg |
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| founder = [[Mykhailo Drahomanov]] |
| founder = [[Mykhailo Drahomanov]] |
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| founded = 5 October 1890 |
| founded = 5 October 1890 |
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| dissolved = 26 March 1950 |
| dissolved = 26 March 1950 |
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| split = [[Hromada (secret society)|Hromada]] |
| split = [[Hromada (secret society)|Hromada]] |
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| merged = Ukrainian Socialist Party |
| merged = {{ill|Ukrainian Socialist Party (1950){{!}}Ukrainian Socialist Party|uk|Українська Соціалістична Партія (1950)}} |
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| ideology = [[Agrarian socialism]]<br />[[Anti-clericalism]]<br />[[Ukrainian nationalism]] |
| ideology = [[Agrarian socialism]]<br />[[Anti-clericalism]]<br />[[Ukrainian nationalism]] |
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| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] |
| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] |
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| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
}} |
}} |
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The '''Ukrainian Radical Party |
The '''Ukrainian Radical Party (URP)''' ({{langx|uk|Українська радикальна партія, УPП}}, ''Ukraiinska Radykalna Partiia''), founded in October 1890 as '''Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party'''<ref name = "encyclopediaURP"/> and based on the [[Radicalism (historical)|radical movement]] in [[western Ukraine]] dating from the 1870s, was the first modern Ukrainian political party with a defined program, [[mass politics|mass following]], and registered membership.<ref name = "encyclopediaURP">[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkPath=pages\U\K\UkrainianRadicalparty.htm Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Ukrainian Radical Party]. vol. 5, 1993. Article written by Jean Paul Himka and [[Ivan Lysiak Rudnytsky]] |
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</ref> It advocated [[socialism]], increased rights for Ukrainian [[peasants]], and [[secularism]]. |
</ref> It advocated [[socialism]], increased rights for Ukrainian [[peasants]], [[anti-clericalism]] and [[secularism]]. |
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==Programme and |
==Programme and ideology== |
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[[Image:Drahomanov mykhajlo.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Mykhailo Drahomanov, whose political ideas formed the basis of the Ukrainian Radical Party's ideology]] |
[[Image:Drahomanov mykhajlo.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Mykhailo Drahomanov, whose political ideas formed the basis of the Ukrainian Radical Party's ideology]] |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The Radical Party was founded in [[Lviv]] on October 4, 1890 by a group of Ukrainian activists including the poet [[Ivan Franko]], the publisher Mykhailo Pavlyk, and others. It was involved in founding reading rooms and cooperatives, organizing women's groups, and training and politicizing Ukrainian peasants. In 1895, the party passed a resolution calling for Ukrainian independence. That same year, it sent three representatives to the Galician [[Diet (assembly)|Diet]] and in 1897 two representatives to the [[Austria-Hungary|Austrian]] [[Reichsrat (Austria)|parliament]].<ref name = "encyclopediaURP"/> |
The Radical Party was founded in [[Lviv]] on October 4, 1890, by a group of Ukrainian activists including the poet [[Ivan Franko]], the publisher Mykhailo Pavlyk, and others. It was involved in founding reading rooms and cooperatives, organizing women's groups, and training and politicizing Ukrainian peasants. In 1895, the party passed a resolution calling for Ukrainian independence. That same year, it sent three representatives to the Galician [[Diet (assembly)|Diet]] and in 1897 two representatives to the [[Austria-Hungary|Austrian]] [[Reichsrat (Austria)|parliament]].<ref name = "encyclopediaURP"/> |
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In the mid-1890s three competing groups emerged within the URP. One maintained its allegiance to the traditional ideology of the URP. Another faction turned more to western European [[socialism]] and [[Marxism]]. A third faction which included most of the Radical Party's most prominent members such as [[Ivan Franko]] became increasingly disenchanted with socialist ideas and more focussed on national concerns. In 1899 the latter two groups left the Radical Party. The socialist-learning faction split off to form the [[Ukrainian Social Democratic Party (1899)|Ukrainian Social Democratic Party]]. The nationalist-leading faction merged with mainstream Ukrainiphiles to create the National Democratic Party, which was the largest Ukrainian political party in Austrian-ruled Ukraine before and during the [[World War I|first world war]]. The National Democratic party, renamed the [[Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance]], would continue to dominate western Ukrainian political life until the Second World War. |
In the mid-1890s three competing groups emerged within the URP. One maintained its allegiance to the traditional ideology of the URP. Another faction turned more to western European [[socialism]] and [[Marxism]]. A third faction which included most of the Radical Party's most prominent members such as [[Ivan Franko]] became increasingly disenchanted with socialist ideas and more focussed on national concerns. In 1899 the latter two groups left the Radical Party. The socialist-learning faction split off to form the [[Ukrainian Social Democratic Party (1899)|Ukrainian Social Democratic Party]]. The nationalist-leading faction merged with mainstream Ukrainiphiles to create the National Democratic Party, which was the largest Ukrainian political party in Austrian-ruled Ukraine before and during the [[World War I|first world war]]. The National Democratic party, renamed the [[Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance]], would continue to dominate western Ukrainian political life until the Second World War. |
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After the exodus of the Ukrainian Social Democrats and the National Democrats, the remaining Ukrainian Radical Party, having become a definitively peasant-oriented party, was the second largest political party among ethnic Ukrainians in western Ukraine.<ref name = "encyclopediaURP"/> In 1911, it sent five members to the Austrian parliament and in 1913 six members to the Galician Diet. On the eve of World War I, the Radical party established sporting societies and paramilitary groups that would serve as the basis for the [[Ukrainian Sich Riflemen]], an all-Ukrainian unit within the Austrian army.<ref name = "encyclopediaURP"/> |
After the exodus of the Ukrainian Social Democrats and the National Democrats, the remaining Ukrainian Radical Party, having become a definitively peasant-oriented party, was the second largest political party among ethnic Ukrainians in western Ukraine.<ref name = "encyclopediaURP"/> In 1911, it sent five members to the Austrian parliament and in 1913 six members to the Galician Diet. On the eve of World War I, the Radical party established sporting societies and paramilitary groups that would serve as the basis for the [[Ukrainian Sich Riflemen]], an all-Ukrainian unit within the Austrian army.<ref name = "encyclopediaURP"/> |
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The Ukrainian Radical Party was one of the founding parties of the [[West Ukrainian National Republic]], and its members occupied the posts of defence minister ([[Dmytro Vitovsky]]) and interior secretary within the West Ukrainian government.<ref name = "encyclopediaURP"/> Following the war, |
The Ukrainian Radical Party was one of the founding parties of the [[West Ukrainian National Republic]], and its members occupied the posts of defence minister ([[Dmytro Vitovsky]]) and interior secretary within the West Ukrainian government.<ref name = "encyclopediaURP"/> Following the war, the territory up to the [[Zbruch]] river became part of the [[Second Polish Republic|Polish state]] with the [[Treaty of Riga]]. At its Party Congress in 1925, the Radical Party passed a resolution simultaneously opposing cooperation with Ukrainian "bourgeois parties" and condemning [[Ukrainian Bolsheviks|Bolsheviks]] policies in [[Soviet Ukraine]]. A year later, it merged with a socialist party and renamed itself the '''Ukrainian Socialist Radical Party''' (USRP). In the [[1928 Polish legislative election|1928 Polish elections]], the party received 280,000 votes, the second most among western Ukrainian parties following the [[Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance]]'s 600,000 votes.<ref name= "Subtelny">[[Orest Subtelny]]. (1988). ''Ukraine: a History.'' Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 434-441</ref> This enabled the USRP to send 11 representatives into the [[Polish parliament|parliament]] and 3 into the [[Senate of Poland|senate]]. In the [[1928 Polish legislative election|1931 elections]] it ran in a coalition with the [[Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance]] and obtained 1/4 of the coalition's seats. The USRP boycotted all subsequent Polish elections.<ref name = "encyclopediaURP"/> |
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The party was a member of the [[Labour and Socialist International]] between 1931 and 1940.<ref>Kowalski, Werner. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=83QdPwAACAAJ Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19]''. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 319</ref> |
The party was a member of the [[Labour and Socialist International]] between 1931 and 1940.<ref>Kowalski, Werner. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=83QdPwAACAAJ Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19]''. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 319</ref> |
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After the [[Soviet annexation of Western Ukraine, 1939–1940|Soviets annexed western Ukrainian territory]] in 1939, the USRP like all other western Ukrainian political parties was forced by the Soviet authorities to disband. Members of the party supported the [[Ukrainian national government (1941)|Ukrainian national government of 1941]] and two of its leaders (Volodymyr Lysy and Konstantyn Pankivsky) had positions in it as Minister and Deputy Minister of the Interior. The government was quickly disbanded by the Germans.{{CN|date=January 2023}} |
After the [[Soviet annexation of Western Ukraine, 1939–1940|Soviets annexed western Ukrainian territory]] in 1939, the USRP like all other western Ukrainian political parties was forced by the Soviet authorities to disband. Members of the party supported the [[Ukrainian national government (1941)|Ukrainian national government of 1941]] and two of its leaders (Volodymyr Lysy and Konstantyn Pankivsky) had positions in it as Minister and Deputy Minister of the Interior. The government was quickly disbanded by the Germans.{{CN|date=January 2023}} |
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In 1946 the USRP was re-established in exile and in 1948 it took part in the establishment of the [[Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile|Ukrainian National Rada in exile]]. In 1950, the party merged with the [[Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party]] and the [[Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party]] into the Ukrainian Socialist Party.{{CN|date=January 2023}} |
In 1946 the USRP was re-established in exile and in 1948 it took part in the establishment of the [[Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile|Ukrainian National Rada in exile]]. In 1950, the party merged with the [[Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party]] and the [[Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party]] into the {{ill|Ukrainian Socialist Party (1950){{!}}Ukrainian Socialist Party|uk|Українська Соціалістична Партія (1950)}}.{{CN|date=January 2023}} |
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==Elections== |
==Elections== |
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{{Polish political parties}} |
{{Polish political parties}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:1890 establishments in Austria-Hungary]] |
[[Category:1890 establishments in Austria-Hungary]] |
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[[Category:1939 disestablishments in Ukraine]] |
[[Category:1939 disestablishments in Ukraine]] |
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[[Category:Agrarian parties in Poland]] |
[[Category:Agrarian parties in Poland]] |
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[[Category:Agrarian parties in Ukraine]] |
[[Category:Agrarian parties in Ukraine]] |
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[[Category:Agrarian socialist parties]] |
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[[Category:Anti-clerical parties]] |
[[Category:Anti-clerical parties]] |
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[[Category:Defunct agrarian political parties]] |
[[Category:Defunct agrarian political parties]] |
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[[Category:Nationalist parties in Ukraine]] |
[[Category:Nationalist parties in Ukraine]] |
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[[Category:Political parties established in 1890]] |
[[Category:Political parties established in 1890]] |
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[[Category:Political parties |
[[Category:Political parties in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]] |
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[[Category:Political parties of the Russian Revolution]] |
[[Category:Political parties of the Russian Revolution]] |
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[[Category:Political parties with year of disestablishment missing]] |
[[Category:Political parties with year of disestablishment missing]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:15, 25 October 2024
Ukrainian Radical Party Українська радикальна партія | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Founder | Mykhailo Drahomanov |
| Founded | 5 October 1890 |
| Dissolved | 26 March 1950 |
| Split from | Hromada |
| Merged into | Ukrainian Socialist Party |
| Headquarters | Lviv |
| Ideology | Agrarian socialism Anti-clericalism Ukrainian nationalism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| International affiliation | Labour and Socialist International |
The Ukrainian Radical Party (URP) (Ukrainian: Українська радикальна партія, УPП, Ukraiinska Radykalna Partiia), founded in October 1890 as Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party[1] and based on the radical movement in western Ukraine dating from the 1870s, was the first modern Ukrainian political party with a defined program, mass following, and registered membership.[1] It advocated socialism, increased rights for Ukrainian peasants, anti-clericalism and secularism.
Programme and ideology
[edit]
The Radical Party ideology was based on the political thought of Mykhailo Drahomanov, an eastern Ukrainian thinker who spent part of the nineteenth century in western Ukraine. Although the Radical party advocated socialism in its ideology, it considered itself different from western socialists who were beholden to the ideas of Karl Marx because western socialism was based on the industrial proletariat while the Radical party was focused on the peasantry. Accordingly, its socialism was agrarian and peasant-based. The Ukrainian Radical party claimed kinship and affinity with the similarly peasant-based socialist Serbian Radical Party of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.[2] It actively opposed the influence of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and its priests in Ukrainian society. It was also opposed to the Austrian government, to mainstream Ukrainophiles who were loyal to Austria, and to Ukrainian attempts to cooperate with Polish authorities. At the same time, the URP cooperated with Polish workers and peasants.[3] The URP supported Ukrainian independence at a party congress in 1895, the first time that the goal of an independent Ukrainian state had been expressed anywhere.[4] Involved with the plight of the Ukrainian peasants, the URP also called for and organized strikes of Ukrainian agricultural workers.
History
[edit]The Radical Party was founded in Lviv on October 4, 1890, by a group of Ukrainian activists including the poet Ivan Franko, the publisher Mykhailo Pavlyk, and others. It was involved in founding reading rooms and cooperatives, organizing women's groups, and training and politicizing Ukrainian peasants. In 1895, the party passed a resolution calling for Ukrainian independence. That same year, it sent three representatives to the Galician Diet and in 1897 two representatives to the Austrian parliament.[1]
In the mid-1890s three competing groups emerged within the URP. One maintained its allegiance to the traditional ideology of the URP. Another faction turned more to western European socialism and Marxism. A third faction which included most of the Radical Party's most prominent members such as Ivan Franko became increasingly disenchanted with socialist ideas and more focussed on national concerns. In 1899 the latter two groups left the Radical Party. The socialist-learning faction split off to form the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party. The nationalist-leading faction merged with mainstream Ukrainiphiles to create the National Democratic Party, which was the largest Ukrainian political party in Austrian-ruled Ukraine before and during the first world war. The National Democratic party, renamed the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance, would continue to dominate western Ukrainian political life until the Second World War.
After the exodus of the Ukrainian Social Democrats and the National Democrats, the remaining Ukrainian Radical Party, having become a definitively peasant-oriented party, was the second largest political party among ethnic Ukrainians in western Ukraine.[1] In 1911, it sent five members to the Austrian parliament and in 1913 six members to the Galician Diet. On the eve of World War I, the Radical party established sporting societies and paramilitary groups that would serve as the basis for the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, an all-Ukrainian unit within the Austrian army.[1]
The Ukrainian Radical Party was one of the founding parties of the West Ukrainian National Republic, and its members occupied the posts of defence minister (Dmytro Vitovsky) and interior secretary within the West Ukrainian government.[1] Following the war, the territory up to the Zbruch river became part of the Polish state with the Treaty of Riga. At its Party Congress in 1925, the Radical Party passed a resolution simultaneously opposing cooperation with Ukrainian "bourgeois parties" and condemning Bolsheviks policies in Soviet Ukraine. A year later, it merged with a socialist party and renamed itself the Ukrainian Socialist Radical Party (USRP). In the 1928 Polish elections, the party received 280,000 votes, the second most among western Ukrainian parties following the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance's 600,000 votes.[5] This enabled the USRP to send 11 representatives into the parliament and 3 into the senate. In the 1931 elections it ran in a coalition with the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance and obtained 1/4 of the coalition's seats. The USRP boycotted all subsequent Polish elections.[1]
The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1931 and 1940.[6]
After the Soviets annexed western Ukrainian territory in 1939, the USRP like all other western Ukrainian political parties was forced by the Soviet authorities to disband. Members of the party supported the Ukrainian national government of 1941 and two of its leaders (Volodymyr Lysy and Konstantyn Pankivsky) had positions in it as Minister and Deputy Minister of the Interior. The government was quickly disbanded by the Germans.[citation needed]
In 1946 the USRP was re-established in exile and in 1948 it took part in the establishment of the Ukrainian National Rada in exile. In 1950, the party merged with the Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party and the Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party into the Ukrainian Socialist Party.[citation needed]
Elections
[edit]Austria-Hungary
[edit]| Year | Popular vote | % | Seats /total | Seat change | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1911 | 54,701 | 1.2% |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Inline:
- ^ a b c d e f g Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Ukrainian Radical Party. vol. 5, 1993. Article written by Jean Paul Himka and Ivan Lysiak Rudnytsky
- ^ Encyclopedia of Ukraine, "Radicalism" written by John-Paul Himka
- ^ Orest Subtelny. (1988). Ukraine: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pg. 328
- ^ Paul Robert Magocsi. (1996). A History of Ukraine. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pg. 446
- ^ Orest Subtelny. (1988). Ukraine: a History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 434-441
- ^ Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 319
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1890 establishments in Austria-Hungary
- 1939 disestablishments in Ukraine
- Agrarian parties in Poland
- Agrarian parties in Ukraine
- Agrarian socialist parties
- Anti-clerical parties
- Defunct agrarian political parties
- Defunct socialist parties in Poland
- Defunct socialist parties in Ukraine
- Establishments in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
- History of socialism
- Left-wing nationalist parties
- Members of the Labour and Socialist International
- Nationalist parties in Poland
- Nationalist parties in Ukraine
- Political parties established in 1890
- Political parties in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
- Political parties of the Russian Revolution
- Radical parties
- Ukrainian People's Republic
- Ukrainian political parties in Austria-Hungary
- Ukrainian political parties in Poland