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{{short description|15th-century Islamic scholar}}
'''Muhammad 'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Munawi''' (also '''Al-Manawi''') ({{lang-ar|محمد عبد الرؤوف المناوي}}), was an [[Ottoman Egypt|Ottoman period]] Islamic scholar of [[Cairo]], known for his works on the [[early history of Islam]] and the history of [[Sufism]] in Egypt. He was a disciple of [[al-Sha`rani]]. Author of ''Tawqīf ʿalā Muhammāt al-Taʿārīf''.
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Islam]]
| occupation = [[Muhaddith]], [[Scholarly method|Scholar]], [[faqih|Muslim Jurist]], [[Historian]]
| era = [[Early modern period]]
| image =
| caption =
| name = Al-Munawi
| title = [[Zayn ad-Din (disambiguation)|Zain al-Din]]<br/>[[Hafiz (Quran)|Al-Ḥāfiẓ]]
| birth_date = (952 AH/1545 AD)
| birth_place = [[Cairo]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
| death_date = (1031 AH/1621 AD) {{small|(aged 76)}}
| death_place = [[Cairo]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
| ethnicity =
| region = [[Egypt]]
| alma_mater = [[Al-Azhar University]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Shafi'i]]
|creed = [[Ash'ari]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://almostaneer.com/ebooks/أهل-السنة-الأشاعرة-شهادة-علماء-الأمة-و/أكابر-محدثى-الأمة-وحفاظها-وأكابر-فقها/|title=Ahl al-Sunna: The Ash'aris - The Testimony and Proofs of the Scholars|language=Arabic|website=almostaneer.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128040753/https://almostaneer.com/ebooks/أهل-السنة-الأشاعرة-شهادة-علماء-الأمة-و/أكابر-محدثى-الأمة-وحفاظها-وأكابر-فقها|archive-date=28 January 2021}}</ref>
| main_interests = [[Fiqh]], [[Hadith]], [[History]], [[Tasawwuf]]
| notable_ideas =
| works = '''''[[Fayd al-Qadir]]'''''
| influences = [[Al-Shafi'i]]<br/>[[Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari]]<br/>[[Al-Suyuti]]<br/>[[Al-Sha'rani]]<br/>[[Shams al-Din al-Ramli]]
| influenced =
}}


'''Muhammad 'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Munāwi''' (also '''Al-Manāwi''') ({{langx|ar|محمد عبد الرؤوف المناوي}}), was a renowned [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] [[Islamic]] scholar of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman period]]. He was a prominent [[Shafi'i]] [[faqih|jurist]], [[Muhaddith|hadith specialist]], [[historian]], and [[sufi|mystic]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Knysh |first1=Alexander D. |title=Ibn ʻArabi in the Later Islamic Tradition The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam|publisher=[[State University of New York Press]]|date=1999|isbn=9780791439685|page=311}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Carl F. Petry, M. W. Daly |title=The Cambridge History of Egypt|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|date=10 December 1998|isbn=|volume=2|page=26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LzRKCwAAQBAJ&dq=عبد+الرؤوف+المناوي+فقيه+شافعي&pg=PT153|author=IslamKotob|page=167|title=الأعلام - ج 8 - نافع بن ظريب - يوهنس}}</ref> He is considered one of the most greatest [[Sunni]] scholars and prolific writers of his time.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hanif |first1=N. |authorlink=Nelly Hanna|title=In Praise of Books A Cultural History of Cairo's Middle Class, Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century|publisher=Sarup & Sons|date=2002|isbn=9788176252676|page=113}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Jane Hathaway, Karl Barbir |title=The Arab Lands Under Ottoman Rule 1516-1800|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|date=22 July 2014|isbn=9781317875635|page=133}}</ref> He authored a celebrated and classical work titled ''[[Fayd al-Qadir]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ibrahim|first1=Ahmed F.|title=Pragmatism in Islamic Law - A Social and Intellectual History|publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]]|date=27 April 2015|isbn=9780815653196|page=250}}</ref> He was the paternal great grandson of [[Shaykh al-Islam]] [[Sharaf al-Din al-Munawi]] and was a famous disciple of [[Al-Sha'rani]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Brown |first1=Jonathan |authorlink=Jonathan A. C. Brown|title=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 34:3|publisher=[[International Institute of Islamic Thought]]|date=2017|isbn=|page=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hanna |first1=Nelly |title=Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis Africa and Europe|publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]]|date=October 2003|isbn=9780815630364|page=170}}</ref>
== Name ==
Muhammad 'Abd al-Ra'uf ibn Taj al-'Arifin ibn 'Ali ibn Zayn al-'Abidin al-Haddddi al-Manawi (al-Munawi).


== Works ==
==Name and Origin==
The title "Al-Munawi" originated from the village of Munayt or Munāw, an area of [[Egypt]] where his ancestors settled around the 7th or 12th century after their departure from [[Tunisia]].”<ref name="brill">{{EI2|volume=7|author1=Johannes Hendrik Kramers|author2=Joseph Schacht|page=565}}</ref>
⚫
*'' Fayd al-Qadir Sharh al-Jami` al-Saghir'' (ed. Beirut: Dar al-Ma‘rifah), commentary on the ''Jami`'' by [[Imam al-Suyuti]]

==Biography==
Al-Munawī was born in the city of [[Cairo]] in the year of 952 AH/1545 CE and was a member of was a member of prestigious family well-known for their knowledge and piety.<ref name="brill" /> His family members were all scholars, and he was raised in a home full of information. He first started learning under his father Tajul 'Arifin. Before entering puberty, he memorised the Qur'an as well as other valuable texts in Shafi'i [[Fiqh]], [[Hadith]], Arabic syntax, and [[Prophetic biography|Seerah]]. He was made a very young hafiz and [[Al-Sha'rani]] inducted him into [[Tasawwuf]]. Following his passing, he made contact with several groups, including the brotherhood of Halwatiyya. After a few religious services, he withdrew from society to compose. Then he went back to the outside world to teach at the University of Aliyya, where his extremely high calibre of instruction attracted the most illustrious academics of the day and caused some to make him so envious that he was certainly poisoned. He managed to get away, but he soon gave up teaching and began dictating his works to one of his sons, Taj al-Din Muhammad, who was now too frail to write them down. He died in the year 1031 AH/1621 CE.<ref name="biography">{{cite web |url=https://islamqa.org/hanafi/hadithanswers/123385/a-biography-of-allamah-munawi-rahimahullah/|title=A biography of 'Allamah Munawi (rahimahullah)|website=islamqa.org|date=27 November 2019 }}</ref>

==Teachers==
He studied some of the greatest scholars of his day:<ref name="biography" />
* [[Al-Sha'rani]]
* [[Shams al-Din al-Ramli]]
* Nurud Din ‘Ali ibn Ghanim Al Maqdisi
* Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn ‘Ali, Najm Al Ghayti
* Abul Hasan, Muhammad Al Bakri As Siddiqi who was an expert [[Mufassir]] (exegete)

==Students==
Among his students were the following:<ref name="biography" />

* ‘Ali Al Ajhuri
* Ahmad ibn ‘Isa Shihabud Din Al Kalbi
* His son, Zaynul ‘Abidin who also memorised the Quran at the age of 7.

==Works==
Al-Munawi was a prolific writer who wrote over 100 works including:

⚫
*''[[Fayd al-Qadir|Fayd al-Qadir Sharh al-Jami` al-Saghir]]'', a commentary of [[Al-Jami' al-Saghir]] by [[Imam al-Suyuti]].
*''Sharh Nukhbah al-Fikar'', a commentary of Nukhbah al-Fikar by [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]].
*''Sharh al-Tirmidhi'', a commentary of [[Sahih al-Tirmidhi|Sunan al-Tirmidhi]] by [[Al-Tirmidhi]]
*''Futuhat Subhaniyyah fi Sharh al-Alfiyyah al-Iraqi'', a commentary of Alfiyyah al-Hadith by [[Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi]].
*''Al-Kawakib al-Durriyya fi Tarajim al-Sufiyya'' ("The Glittering Stars in the Biographies of the Sufis"), a biographical dictionary.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Neale|first1=Harry S.|title=Sufi Warrior Saints - Stories of Sufi Jihad from Muslim Hagiography|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|date=24 March 2022|isbn=9780755643387|page=126}}</ref>
*'' Ithâf al-mubra bi-l-'ulûm al-'ashra'' ("The Poluiche offered to the Ten Sciences")
*''Kunuz al-Haqayiq fi al-Hadith'' ("Treasures of Facts in the Hadith")
*''Al-Nukhbat fi Fadayil Ahl Al-Bayt'' ("The Elite in the Virtues of Aal al-Bayt")
*''Al-Lali al-Jawhariat fi Sharh Hikam al-'Ata'iyah'', an explanation of Hikam al-'Ata'iyah by [[Ibn Ata Allah al-Iskandari]]


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[List of Ash'aris and Maturidis]]
* [[List of Ash'aris]]
* [[List of Sufis]]
* [[List of Sufis]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
*{{EI2|volume=7|author1=Johannes Hendrik Kramers|author2=Joseph Schacht|page=565}}


{{Portal bar|Biography|Islam|Egypt}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Islam}}
{{Shafi'i scholars}}
{{Shafi'i scholars}}
{{Ash'ari}}
{{Ash'ari}}
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[[Category:Asharis]]
[[Category:Asharis]]
[[Category:Shafi'is]]
[[Category:Sunni Sufis]]
[[Category:Sunni Sufis]]
[[Category:Sunni Muslim scholars]]
[[Category:Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Sunni imams]]
[[Category:Sunni imams]]
[[Category:Shafi'i fiqh scholars]]
[[Category:Shafi'i fiqh scholars]]
[[Category:Hadith scholars]]
[[Category:Hadith scholars]]
[[Category:Egyptian Sufis]]
[[Category:16th-century historians from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Egyptian imams]]
[[Category:Egyptian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Egyptian historians]]
[[Category:Critics of Ibn Taymiyya]]
[[Category:Critics of Ibn Taymiyya]]
[[Category:Critics of Ibn al-Qayyim]]
[[Category:Critics of Ibn al-Qayyim]]
[[Category:16th-century Egyptian people]]
[[Category:16th-century Egyptian people]]
[[Category:16th-century historians]]
[[Category:17th-century historians from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:17th-century Egyptian people]]
[[Category:Egyptian historians of Islam]]
[[Category:17th-century historians]]
[[Category:Muslim historians of Islam]]
[[Category:17th-century writers of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:16th-century writers of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1545 births]]
[[Category:1545 births]]
[[Category:1621 deaths]]
[[Category:1621 deaths]]
[[Category:1622 deaths]]
[[Category:1622 deaths]]
[[Category:Supporters of Ibn Arabi]]

{{Egypt-bio-stub}}

Latest revision as of 08:52, 28 October 2024

Al-Munawi
TitleZain al-Din
Al-Ḥāfiẓ
Personal
Born(952 AH/1545 AD)
Cairo, Ottoman Empire
Died(1031 AH/1621 AD) (aged 76)
Cairo, Ottoman Empire
ReligionIslam
EraEarly modern period
RegionEgypt
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceShafi'i
CreedAsh'ari[1]
Main interest(s)Fiqh, Hadith, History, Tasawwuf
Notable work(s)Fayd al-Qadir
Alma materAl-Azhar University
OccupationMuhaddith, Scholar, Muslim Jurist, Historian
Muslim leader
Influenced by

Muhammad 'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Munāwi (also Al-Manāwi) (Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف المناوي), was a renowned Egyptian Islamic scholar of the Ottoman period. He was a prominent Shafi'i jurist, hadith specialist, historian, and mystic.[2][3][4] He is considered one of the most greatest Sunni scholars and prolific writers of his time.[5][6] He authored a celebrated and classical work titled Fayd al-Qadir.[7] He was the paternal great grandson of Shaykh al-Islam Sharaf al-Din al-Munawi and was a famous disciple of Al-Sha'rani.[8][9]

Name and Origin

[edit]

The title "Al-Munawi" originated from the village of Munayt or Munāw, an area of Egypt where his ancestors settled around the 7th or 12th century after their departure from Tunisia.”[10]

Biography

[edit]

Al-Munawī was born in the city of Cairo in the year of 952 AH/1545 CE and was a member of was a member of prestigious family well-known for their knowledge and piety.[10] His family members were all scholars, and he was raised in a home full of information. He first started learning under his father Tajul 'Arifin. Before entering puberty, he memorised the Qur'an as well as other valuable texts in Shafi'i Fiqh, Hadith, Arabic syntax, and Seerah. He was made a very young hafiz and Al-Sha'rani inducted him into Tasawwuf. Following his passing, he made contact with several groups, including the brotherhood of Halwatiyya. After a few religious services, he withdrew from society to compose. Then he went back to the outside world to teach at the University of Aliyya, where his extremely high calibre of instruction attracted the most illustrious academics of the day and caused some to make him so envious that he was certainly poisoned. He managed to get away, but he soon gave up teaching and began dictating his works to one of his sons, Taj al-Din Muhammad, who was now too frail to write them down. He died in the year 1031 AH/1621 CE.[11]

Teachers

[edit]

He studied some of the greatest scholars of his day:[11]

Students

[edit]

Among his students were the following:[11]

  • ‘Ali Al Ajhuri
  • Ahmad ibn ‘Isa Shihabud Din Al Kalbi
  • His son, Zaynul ‘Abidin who also memorised the Quran at the age of 7.

Works

[edit]

Al-Munawi was a prolific writer who wrote over 100 works including:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ahl al-Sunna: The Ash'aris - The Testimony and Proofs of the Scholars". almostaneer.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 28 January 2021.
  2. ^ Knysh, Alexander D. (1999). Ibn ʻArabi in the Later Islamic Tradition The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam. State University of New York Press. p. 311. ISBN 9780791439685.
  3. ^ Carl F. Petry, M. W. Daly (10 December 1998). The Cambridge History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 26.
  4. ^ IslamKotob. "الأعلام - ج 8 - نافع بن ظريب - يوهنس". p. 167.
  5. ^ Hanif, N. (2002). In Praise of Books A Cultural History of Cairo's Middle Class, Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Sarup & Sons. p. 113. ISBN 9788176252676.
  6. ^ Jane Hathaway, Karl Barbir (22 July 2014). The Arab Lands Under Ottoman Rule 1516-1800. Taylor & Francis. p. 133. ISBN 9781317875635.
  7. ^ Ibrahim, Ahmed F. (27 April 2015). Pragmatism in Islamic Law - A Social and Intellectual History. Syracuse University Press. p. 250. ISBN 9780815653196.
  8. ^ Brown, Jonathan (2017). American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 34:3. International Institute of Islamic Thought. p. 13.
  9. ^ Hanna, Nelly (October 2003). Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis Africa and Europe. Syracuse University Press. p. 170. ISBN 9780815630364.
  10. ^ a b Johannes Hendrik Kramers & Joseph Schacht (1993). Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 565. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
  11. ^ a b c "A biography of 'Allamah Munawi (rahimahullah)". islamqa.org. 27 November 2019.
  12. ^ Neale, Harry S. (24 March 2022). Sufi Warrior Saints - Stories of Sufi Jihad from Muslim Hagiography. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 126. ISBN 9780755643387.
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