Gök Medrese, Sivas: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Madrasa in Sivas, Turkey}} |
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{{Distinguish|Gök Medrese, Tokat}} |
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{{Infobox religious building |
{{Infobox religious building |
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| building_name = Gökmedrese<br/>Sahibiye Medresesi |
| building_name = Gökmedrese<br/>Sahibiye Medresesi |
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| image = Gök Medrese.jpg |
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| image = Sivas - Gök Medrese.jpg |
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| image_size = 300px |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| map_type = |
| map_type = |
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| map_caption = |
| map_caption = |
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| location = [[Sivas]], [[Turkey]] |
| location = [[Sivas]], [[Turkey]] |
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| geo = |
| geo = {{coord|39.74424|37.01666|display=inline,title}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
| latitude = 39.74424 |
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| longitude = 37.01666 |
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| ⚫ | |||
| status = |
| status = |
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| functional_status = |
| functional_status = |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.gokmedrese.com}} |
| website = {{URL|http://www.gokmedrese.com}} |
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| architecture = yes |
| architecture = yes |
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| architect = Kaloyan<ref name="arc">{{Cite web |url=http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=7805 |title=Arcnet |access-date=2013-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130073916/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=7805 |archive-date=2012-11-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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| architect = Kalutyan |
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| architecture_type = [[Madrasah]] |
| architecture_type = [[Madrasah]] |
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| architecture_style = [[ |
| architecture_style = [[Anatolian Seljuk architecture|Seljuk]] |
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| capacity = |
| capacity = |
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| length = |
| length = |
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| width = {{convert|31.25|m |
| width = {{convert|31.25|m|abbr=on}} |
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| dome_quantity = |
| dome_quantity = |
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| dome_height_outer = |
| dome_height_outer = |
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| facade_direction = west-southwest |
| facade_direction = west-southwest |
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| groundbreaking = |
| groundbreaking = |
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| year_completed = |
| year_completed = 1271 |
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| minaret_quantity = 2 |
| minaret_quantity = 2 |
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| minaret_height = {{convert|25|m |
| minaret_height = {{convert|25|m|abbr=on}} |
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| spire_quantity = |
| spire_quantity = |
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| spire_height = |
| spire_height = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Gökmedrese''' or '''Gök Medrese''' (literally: " |
'''Gökmedrese''' or '''Gök Medrese''' (literally: "Celestial Madrasah" or "Blue Madrasah"; {{langx|fa|گوک مدرسه}}), also known as '''Sahibiye Medresesi''', is a 13th-century [[madrasah|medrese]], an [[Islam]]ic educational institution, in [[Sivas]], [[Turkey]]. |
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| ⚫ | |||
The medrese was commissioned by [[Sahip Ata|Sahip Ata Fahrettin Ali]], a [[vizier]] and the de facto ruler of [[Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm]] after the death of [[Pervane]] in 1277. Up to 1271, he was usually in good terms with Pervane. He commissioned many buildings in [[Anatolia]]. Gökmedrese is one of the most imposing of all. The original name of the medrese is ''Sahibiye'', referring to Sahip Ata. But it is usually known as Gökmedrese, because of the sky-blue tiles used at the building. |
The medrese was commissioned by [[Sahip Ata|Sahip Ata Fahrettin Ali]], a [[vizier]] and the de facto ruler of [[Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm]] after the death of [[Pervane]] in 1277. Up to 1271, he was usually in good terms with Pervane. He commissioned many buildings in [[Anatolia]]. Gökmedrese is one of the most imposing of all. The original name of the medrese is ''Sahibiye'', referring to Sahip Ata. But it is usually known as Gökmedrese, because of the sky-blue tiles used at the building. |
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| ⚫ | The medrese was constructed by an architect{{cref|a}} known as "[[Kaluyan|Kaloyan]]" ([[Byzantine Greek]]: {{lang|el|Καλό Γιάννη}}, "Kalo Yianni," literally 'good John') from [[Konya]].<ref name="arc"/> Originally, it was a two-story building. There were also a [[Turkish bath|hamam]] (Turkish bath) and a soup kitchen for 30 people. But presently, only the 13 rooms of the lower floor exist. It was restored in 1823 and was in use up until 1926.<ref name="Cumhuriyet">http://eskidergi.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/makale/1290.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713033213/http://eskidergi.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/makale/1290.pdf |date=2019-07-13 }} {{in lang|tr}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The medrese was constructed by |
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== Technical details == |
== Technical details == |
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== Vakıf == |
== Vakıf == |
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In middle age Islamic countries ''[[Waqf|Vakıf]]'' was a source of revenue, endowed for the exploitation and the maintenance of the foundations as well as for the salaries of the staff. In Gökmedrese case, there were 85 markets, nine villages, two farms and some other sources endowed as vakfiye. |
In middle age Islamic countries ''[[Waqf|Vakıf]]'' was a source of revenue, endowed for the exploitation and the maintenance of the foundations as well as for the salaries of the staff. In Gökmedrese case, there were 85 markets, nine villages, two farms and some other sources endowed as vakfiye. |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Gok Medresesi2.jpg|[[Muqarna]]s on the portal. |
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Image:Gok Medresesi1.jpg |
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File:GÖk Medrese during restoration 8335.jpg|Gök Medrese during restoration shot from right side |
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File:GÖk Medrese during restoration 8367.jpg|Gök Medrese before restoration Portal from left side |
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File:GÖk Medrese during restoration 8332.jpg|Gök Medrese before restoration Decoration corner |
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File:GÖk Medrese during restoration 8357.jpg|Gök Medrese before restoration Ceiling inside |
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File:GÖk Medrese during restoration 8309.jpg|Gök Medrese during restoration Minarets |
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File:GÖk Medrese before restoration 044.jpg|Gök Medrese before restoration Portal |
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File:GÖk Medrese before restoration 048.jpg|Gök Medrese before restoration Portal detail |
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File:GÖk Medrese before restoration 049.jpg|Gök Medrese before restoration Portal detail |
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File:GÖk Medrese before restoration 050.jpg|Gök Medrese before restoration Portal detail closer up |
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File:GÖk Medrese before restoration 052.jpg|Gök Medrese before restoration Portal side |
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File:GÖk Medrese before restoration 059.jpg|Gök Medrese before restoration Decoration |
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File:GÖk Medrese before restoration 2258.jpg|Gök Medrese before restoration shot from side |
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</gallery> |
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==Notes== |
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{{cnote|a|possibly of [[Armenians|Armenian]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/3852/1/1983-4%28126%29.pdf|title=Сельджукские отклики на темы армянский средневековой архитектуры.|publisher=Историко-филологический журнал|work=№ 4 . стр-цы. 126-130. ISSN 0135-0536|year=1983|author=А. Л. Якобсон|author-link=:ru:Якобсон, Анатолий Леопольдович|access-date=2012-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213224/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/3852/1/1983-4%28126%29.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Maxim Yevadian: Les Seldjouks et les architectes arméniens, Les Nouvelles d'Arménie Magazine, Nr. 156, October 2009, p. 73.</ref><ref>Ars Islamica / Detroit Institute of Arts. Research Seminary in Islamic Art / University of Michigan Press, 1939 - p. 67 <blockquote>La signature Kaloyan du Gok Medrese de Sivâs (1270) est également arménienne</blockquote></ref> or [[Cappadocian Greek]] origin<ref>{{cite book|author=Speros Vryonis|title=''Studies on Byzantium, Seljuks, and Ottomans''|year=1981|page=282|quote="Perhaps the best known of these architects was the Greek from Konya, Kaloyan, who worked on the Ilgin Han in 1267-8 and three years later built the ''Gök Medrese'' of Sivas."}}</ref>}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Commons category}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Sivas}} |
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{{Madrasas in Turkey}} |
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{{Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gokmedrese}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gokmedrese}} |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in Sivas]] |
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Sivas]] |
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[[Category:Seljuk architecture]] |
[[Category:Anatolian Seljuk architecture]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1271]] |
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1271]] |
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[[Category:Madrasas in Turkey]] |
[[Category:Madrasas in Turkey]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures of the Sultanate of Rum]] |
[[Category:Buildings and structures of the Sultanate of Rum]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:World Heritage Tentative List for Turkey]] |
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[[Category:13th-century madrasas]] |
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[[tr:Gök Medrese (Sivas)]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:43, 3 November 2024
| Gökmedrese Sahibiye Medresesi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Islam |
| Location | |
| Location | Sivas, Turkey |
| Geographic coordinates | 39°44′39″N 37°01′00″E / 39.74424°N 37.01666°E |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Kaloyan[1] |
| Type | Madrasah |
| Style | Seljuk |
| Completed | 1271 |
| Specifications | |
| Direction of façade | west-southwest |
| Width | 31.25 m (102.5 ft) |
| Minaret(s) | 2 |
| Minaret height | 25 m (82 ft) |
| Website | |
| www | |
Gökmedrese or Gök Medrese (literally: "Celestial Madrasah" or "Blue Madrasah"; Persian: گوک مدرسه), also known as Sahibiye Medresesi, is a 13th-century medrese, an Islamic educational institution, in Sivas, Turkey.
History
[edit]The medrese was commissioned by Sahip Ata Fahrettin Ali, a vizier and the de facto ruler of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm after the death of Pervane in 1277. Up to 1271, he was usually in good terms with Pervane. He commissioned many buildings in Anatolia. Gökmedrese is one of the most imposing of all. The original name of the medrese is Sahibiye, referring to Sahip Ata. But it is usually known as Gökmedrese, because of the sky-blue tiles used at the building.
The medrese was constructed by an architect[a] known as "Kaloyan" (Byzantine Greek: Καλό Γιάννη, "Kalo Yianni," literally 'good John') from Konya.[1] Originally, it was a two-story building. There were also a hamam (Turkish bath) and a soup kitchen for 30 people. But presently, only the 13 rooms of the lower floor exist. It was restored in 1823 and was in use up until 1926.[2]
Technical details
[edit]There are two 25 m (82 ft) high minarets, one at each side of the portal. The width of the building is 31.25 m (102.5 ft). The dimensions of the courtyard is 24.25 m × 14.40 m (79.6 ft × 47.2 ft). There are two divisions, one leading to the mescit (prayer room) and the other to class rooms.[2]
Vakıf
[edit]In middle age Islamic countries Vakıf was a source of revenue, endowed for the exploitation and the maintenance of the foundations as well as for the salaries of the staff. In Gökmedrese case, there were 85 markets, nine villages, two farms and some other sources endowed as vakfiye.
Gallery
[edit]-
Muqarnas on the portal. -
-
Gök Medrese during restoration shot from right side -
Gök Medrese before restoration Portal from left side -
Gök Medrese before restoration Decoration corner -
Gök Medrese before restoration Ceiling inside -
Gök Medrese during restoration Minarets -
Gök Medrese before restoration Portal -
Gök Medrese before restoration Portal detail -
Gök Medrese before restoration Portal detail -
Gök Medrese before restoration Portal detail closer up -
Gök Medrese before restoration Portal side -
Gök Medrese before restoration Decoration -
Gök Medrese before restoration shot from side
Notes
[edit]^ a: possibly of Armenian[3][4][5] or Cappadocian Greek origin[6]
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gök Medrese (Sivas).
- ^ a b "Arcnet". Archived from the original on 2012-11-30. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
- ^ a b http://eskidergi.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/makale/1290.pdf Archived 2019-07-13 at the Wayback Machine (in Turkish)
- ^ А. Л. Якобсон [in Russian] (1983). "Сельджукские отклики на темы армянский средневековой архитектуры" (PDF). № 4 . стр-цы. 126-130. ISSN 0135-0536. Историко-филологический журнал. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 2012-11-17.
- ^ Maxim Yevadian: Les Seldjouks et les architectes arméniens, Les Nouvelles d'Arménie Magazine, Nr. 156, October 2009, p. 73.
- ^ Ars Islamica / Detroit Institute of Arts. Research Seminary in Islamic Art / University of Michigan Press, 1939 - p. 67
La signature Kaloyan du Gok Medrese de Sivâs (1270) est également arménienne
- ^ Speros Vryonis (1981). Studies on Byzantium, Seljuks, and Ottomans. p. 282.
Perhaps the best known of these architects was the Greek from Konya, Kaloyan, who worked on the Ilgin Han in 1267-8 and three years later built the Gök Medrese of Sivas.
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| National | |
