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Added isbn. Removed parameters. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Eastmain | Category:Fruits originating in Africa | #UCB_Category 43/104
m changed "affra" to "afra" in the legend of the ID picture
 
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{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2008}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Dovyalis caffra01.jpg
| name = Kei apple
| image = Dovyalis caffra01.jpg
| image_alt =
⚫
|image_caption = ''Dovyalis caffra'' flowers
|taxon = Dovyalis caffra
| image_caption = ''Dovyalis afra'' flowers
| status = LC
⚫
|authority = (Hook.f. & Harv.) [[Otto Warburg (botanist)|Warb.]]
| status_system = IUCN3.1
⚫
|synonyms = ''Aberia caffra'' <small>Hook.f. & Harv.</small>
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author1=[[Botanic Gardens Conservation International]] (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group |year=2020 |title=''Dovyalis caffra'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T146410559A146449785 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T146410559A146449785.en |access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref>
| taxon = Dovyalis afra
⚫
| authority = ([[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hook.f.]] & [[William Henry Harvey|Harv.]]) [[Otto Warburg (botanist)|Warb.]] (emended)
⚫
| synonyms = *''[[Aberia]] afra'' <small>Hook.f. & Harv.</small>
*''Aberia edulis'' <small>[[Thomas Anderson (botanist)|T.Anderson]]</small>
⚫
*''Dovyalis caffra''
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO>{{cite web |title=''Dovyalis afra'' (Hook.f. & Harv.) Warb. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A111560-1 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=12 August 2024}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Dovyalis caffra''''' the '''Umkokola''', '''Kei apple''', '''Kayaba''', '''Kai apple''', or '''Kau apple''',<ref>{{cite book|last=Sturtevant|first=Edward|title=Sturtevant's notes on edible plants|year=1919|url=https://archive.org/details/sturtevantsnotes00sturuoft|publisher=J.B. Lyon company, State printers|location=Albany|page=[https://archive.org/details/sturtevantsnotes00sturuoft/page/17 17]|isbn=978-0-486-20459-8 }}</ref> is a small to medium-sized tree, native to southern [[Africa]]. Its distribution extends from the [[Kei River]] in the south, from which the common name derives, northwards along the eastern side of the continent to [[Tanzania]]. The ripe fruits are tasty, reminiscent of a small [[apple]].
'''''Dovyalis afra''''',{{Efn|Until recently ''D. caffra''}} commonly known as the '''Kei apple''',<ref>{{cite book|last=Sturtevant|first=Edward|title=Sturtevant's notes on edible plants|year=1919|url=https://archive.org/details/sturtevantsnotes00sturuoft|publisher=J.B. Lyon company, State printers|location=Albany|page=[https://archive.org/details/sturtevantsnotes00sturuoft/page/17 17]|isbn=978-0-486-20459-8 }}</ref> is a small to medium-sized tree, native to southern [[Africa]]. Its distribution extends from the [[Kei River]] in the south, from which the common name derives, northwards along the eastern side of the continent to [[Tanzania]]. The ripe fruits are tasty, reminiscent of a small [[apple]].


It is a usually found in dry types of woodland when it grows to 6 m tall. In moister types of open woodland it reaches its greatest size of about 8–9 metres. A tree, with sharp, 3–6&nbsp;cm long stem spines in the leaf [[axil]]s, and large sturdy thorns. Buds at the base of the spine produce clusters of alternately arranged simple ovate [[leaf|leaves]] 3–6&nbsp;cm long.
It is a usually found in dry types of woodland when it grows to 6 m tall. In moister types of open woodland it reaches its greatest size of about 8–9 metres. A tree, with sharp, 3–6&nbsp;cm long stem spines in the leaf [[axil]]s, and large sturdy thorns. Buds at the base of the spine produce clusters of alternately arranged simple ovate [[leaf|leaves]] 3–6&nbsp;cm long.
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==Cultivation and uses==
==Cultivation and uses==
A traditional food plant in the areas it occurs, this little-known fruit has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare.<ref>{{cite book |author=National Research Council |title=Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits |url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879 |access-date=2008-07-17 |volume=3 |date=2008-01-25 |publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=978-0-309-10596-5 |chapter=Kei Apple |chapter-url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879&page=103 }} [https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnads877.pdf Downloadable PDF]</ref>
A traditional food plant in the areas it occurs, this little-known fruit has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare.<ref>{{cite book |author=National Research Council |title=Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits |url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879 |access-date=17 July 2008 |volume=3 |date=25 January 2008 |publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=978-0-309-10596-5 |chapter=Kei Apple |chapter-url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879&page=103 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331010449/http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879 |url-status=live }} [https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnads877.pdf Downloadable PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512170531/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnads877.pdf |date=12 May 2021 }}</ref>


Kei-apples are often eaten fresh or sprinkled with [[sugar]] to complement their natural acidity. Aside from being eaten fresh, the fruit can be made into [[jam]], used in desserts, or [[pickling|pickled]] (their natural acidity means vinegar is not needed). In Kenya, it is mostly used for live fences and hedges.(Chiel) locally known in luo{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
Kei-apples are often eaten fresh or sprinkled with [[sugar]] to complement their natural acidity. Aside from being eaten fresh, the fruit can be made into [[jam]], used in desserts, or [[pickling|pickled]] (their natural acidity means vinegar is not needed). In Kenya, it is mostly used for live fences and hedges.(Chiel) locally known in luo{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
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Although a subtropical species, the Kei apple is able to survive temperatures as low as {{Convert|-6|C}}. Gardeners who want fruit require a female plant; a fertile female plant and a fertile male plant is ideal. Kei apples are propagated by seed. Plants will bear about four years later.
Although a subtropical species, the Kei apple is able to survive temperatures as low as {{Convert|-6|C}}. Gardeners who want fruit require a female plant; a fertile female plant and a fertile male plant is ideal. Kei apples are propagated by seed. Plants will bear about four years later.

== Taxonomy ==
The original species name ''caffra'' is related to [[Kaffir (racial term)|kaffir]], an ethnic slur used towards black people in Africa. At the July 2024 [[International Botanical Congress]], a vote was held with the result that "''caffra''" related names will be emended to ''afra'' related ones, with the implementation of this happening by the end of July 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=McKie |first1=Robin |date=20 July 2024 |title=Botanists vote to remove racist reference from plants' scientific names |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/article/2024/jul/20/botanists-remove-racist-references-plants-scientific-names |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref>


== Ecology ==
== Ecology ==
The species is invasive in New Caledonia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-08/010052239.pdf|title=Les espèces exotiques envahissantes de Nouvelle-Calédonie|last=Hequet|first=Vanessa|year=2009|pages=17|language=fr}}</ref><gallery>
The species is invasive in New Caledonia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-08/010052239.pdf|title=Les espèces exotiques envahissantes de Nouvelle-Calédonie|last=Hequet|first=Vanessa|year=2009|pages=17|language=fr|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=26 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126160116/http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-08/010052239.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
image:Dovyalis caffra fruit.jpg|Ripe fruit
image:Dovyalis caffra fruit.jpg|Ripe fruit
Image:Dovyalis caffra00.jpg|Unripe fruit
Image:Dovyalis caffra00.jpg|Unripe fruit
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== References ==
== References ==
{{Commons category|Dovyalis caffra}}
{{Commons category|Dovyalis caffra}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}{{Notelist}}
*{{cite web |title=''Dovyalis caffra''|work=PlantZAfrica.com |url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/dovycaf.htm|access-date=2010-01-19}}
*{{cite web |title=''Dovyalis caffra''|work=PlantZAfrica.com |url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/dovycaf.htm|access-date=19 January 2010}}
*{{cite web |title=''Dovyalis caffra''|work=Ornamental trees in Spain. José Manuel Sanchez de Lorenzo Cáceres. |url=http://www.arbolesornamentales.es/Dovyaliscaffra.htm|access-date=2010-01-19|language=es}}
*{{cite web |title=''Dovyalis caffra''|work=Ornamental trees in Spain. José Manuel Sanchez de Lorenzo Cáceres. |url=http://www.arbolesornamentales.es/Dovyaliscaffra.htm|access-date=19 January 2010|language=es}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1987504}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q128941731|from2=Q1987504|from3=Q98074028|from4=Q87621236}}


[[Category:Fruits originating in Africa]]
[[Category:Fruits originating in Africa]]
[[Category:Dovyalis|caffra]]
[[Category:Dovyalis|afra]]
[[Category:Flora of Southern Africa]]
[[Category:Flora of Southern Africa]]
[[Category:Flora of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Flora of Tanzania]]
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[[Category:Drought-tolerant trees]]
[[Category:Drought-tolerant trees]]
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1862]]

Latest revision as of 07:12, 4 November 2024

Kei apple
Dovyalis afra flowers
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Salicaceae
Genus: Dovyalis
Species:
D. afra
Binomial name
Dovyalis afra
(Hook.f. & Harv.) Warb. (emended)
Synonyms[2]

Dovyalis afra,[a] commonly known as the Kei apple,[3] is a small to medium-sized tree, native to southern Africa. Its distribution extends from the Kei River in the south, from which the common name derives, northwards along the eastern side of the continent to Tanzania. The ripe fruits are tasty, reminiscent of a small apple.

It is a usually found in dry types of woodland when it grows to 6 m tall. In moister types of open woodland it reaches its greatest size of about 8–9 metres. A tree, with sharp, 3–6 cm long stem spines in the leaf axils, and large sturdy thorns. Buds at the base of the spine produce clusters of alternately arranged simple ovate leaves 3–6 cm long.

The flowers are inconspicuous, solitary or clustered, with no petals. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants, though some female plants are parthenogenetic.

The fruit is an edible bright yellow or orange globose berry 2.5–4 cm diameter, with the skin and flesh of a uniform colour and containing several small seeds. Production is often copious, weighing down the branches during the summer. They are juicy, tasty and very acidic.

Cultivation and uses

[edit]

A traditional food plant in the areas it occurs, this little-known fruit has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare.[4]

Kei-apples are often eaten fresh or sprinkled with sugar to complement their natural acidity. Aside from being eaten fresh, the fruit can be made into jam, used in desserts, or pickled (their natural acidity means vinegar is not needed). In Kenya, it is mostly used for live fences and hedges.(Chiel) locally known in luo[citation needed]

Although it is native to southern Africa, it has also been introduced to the Mediterranean, California, Florida, and other regions with subtropical and warm temperate climates. In these places it is most often grown as an ornamental plant, being popular as an impenetrable hedge. It is salt and drought-tolerant, so useful for coastal landscaping in dry regions.

Although a subtropical species, the Kei apple is able to survive temperatures as low as −6 °C (21 °F). Gardeners who want fruit require a female plant; a fertile female plant and a fertile male plant is ideal. Kei apples are propagated by seed. Plants will bear about four years later.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The original species name caffra is related to kaffir, an ethnic slur used towards black people in Africa. At the July 2024 International Botanical Congress, a vote was held with the result that "caffra" related names will be emended to afra related ones, with the implementation of this happening by the end of July 2024.[5]

Ecology

[edit]

The species is invasive in New Caledonia.[6]

[edit]
  • Ripe fruit
    Ripe fruit
  • Unripe fruit
    Unripe fruit
  • Thorns
    Thorns

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dovyalis caffra.
  1. ^ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2020). "Dovyalis caffra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T146410559A146449785. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T146410559A146449785.en. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  2. ^ "Dovyalis afra (Hook.f. & Harv.) Warb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  3. ^ Sturtevant, Edward (1919). Sturtevant's notes on edible plants. Albany: J.B. Lyon company, State printers. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-486-20459-8.
  4. ^ National Research Council (25 January 2008). "Kei Apple". Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits. Vol. 3. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-10596-5. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2008. Downloadable PDF Archived 12 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ McKie, Robin (20 July 2024). "Botanists vote to remove racist reference from plants' scientific names". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  6. ^ Hequet, Vanessa (2009). Les espèces exotiques envahissantes de Nouvelle-Calédonie (PDF) (in French). p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 November 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  1. ^ Until recently D. caffra
  • "Dovyalis caffra". PlantZAfrica.com. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  • "Dovyalis caffra". Ornamental trees in Spain. José Manuel Sanchez de Lorenzo Cáceres. (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 January 2010.
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