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{{short description|Historic Orthodox synagogue in Paris, France}} |
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{{Orphan|date=April 2014}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2024}} |
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{{Infobox religious building |
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| name = Synagogue of Neuilly |
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| native_name = {{langx|fr|Synagogue de Neuilly}} |
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| native_name_lang = |
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| image = Paris synagogue neuilly bis.JPG |
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| image_upright = 1.4 |
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| alt = |
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| caption = The synagogue in 2013 |
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| religious_affiliation = [[Orthodox Judaism]] |
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| tradition = |
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| sect = |
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| district = |
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| prefecture = |
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| province = |
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| region = |
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| deity = |
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| rite = {{ubl|[[Nusach Ashkenaz]] {{small|(former)}}|[[Nusach Sefard]] {{small|(current)}}}} |
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| festival = <!-- or |festivals= --> |
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| organisational_status = [[Synagogue]]<!-- or |organizational_status= --> |
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| ownership = |
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| governing_body = |
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| leadership = Rabbi Michael Azoulay |
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| bhattaraka = |
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| patron = |
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| consecration_year = |
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| functional_status = Active |
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| religious_features_label = |
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| religious_features = |
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| location = 12 rue Ancelle, [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]], [[Hauts-de-Seine]] |
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| locale = |
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| municipality = |
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| cercle = |
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| state = |
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| country = [[France]] |
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| map_type = France Paris |
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| map_size = 250 |
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| map_alt = |
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| map_relief = 1 |
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| map_caption = Location of the synagogue on the outskirts of [[Paris]] |
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| grid_name = |
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| grid_position = |
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| sector = |
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| territory = |
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| administration = |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|48|52|51|N|2|16|06|E|region:FR-92_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=it}} |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| heritage_designation = |
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| architect = 1878: {{bulleted list|Emile Uhlmann}} 1937 {{bulleted list|Germain Debré|Julien Hirsch}} |
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| architecture_type = [[Synagogue architecture]] |
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| architecture_style = [[Byzantine Revival architecture|Byzantine Revival]] |
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| founded_by = |
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| creator = |
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| funded_by = |
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| general_contractor = |
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| established = 1869 {{small|(as a congregation)}} |
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| groundbreaking = |
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| year_completed = 1878 |
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| construction_cost = |
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| date_demolished = <!-- or |date_destroyed= --> |
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| facade_direction = |
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| capacity = |
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| length = |
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| width = |
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| width_nave = |
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| interior_area = |
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| dome_height_inner = |
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| dome_dia_inner = |
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| minaret_quantity = |
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| spire_quantity = |
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| site_area = |
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| temple_quantity = |
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| monument_quantity = |
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| shrine_quantity = |
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| inscriptions = |
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| materials = |
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| elevation_m = <!-- or |elevation_ft= --> |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| nrhp = |
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| designated = |
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| added = |
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| refnum = |
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| delisted1_date = |
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| website = {{url|synaneuilly.com}} |
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| module = {{Infobox historic site | embed = yes |
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| designation1 = France |
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| designation1_offname = Synagogue |
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| designation1_type = [[Mérimée|Base Mérimée]] |
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| designation1_criteria = ''Patrimoine architectural'' |
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| designation1_date = April 22, 1993 |
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| delisted1_date = |
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| designation1_partof = |
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| designation1_number = IA00079692 |
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}} |
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| footnotes = <ref name="C4WDefault-9398444"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cja.huji.ac.il/mhs/browser.php?mode=set&id=24472 |title=Synagogue in Neuilly |work=Historic synagogues of Europe |publisher=Foundation for Jewish Heritage and the Center for Jewish Art at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] |date=n.d. |access-date=16 June 2024 }}</ref> |
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}} |
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The '''Synagogue of Neuilly''' ({{langx|fr|Synagogue de Neuilly}}) is an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] [[Judaism|Jewish]] congregation and [[synagogue]], located at 12 rue Ancelle, in [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]], in the [[Hauts-de-Seine]] department, west of [[Paris]], [[France]]. The synagogue was built in 1878. The congregation used to worship in the [[Nusach Ashkenaz|Ashkenazi]] [[Nusach (Jewish custom)|rite]]; however is now [[Nusach Sefard|Sephardi]]. |
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The building was listed as a ''[[monument historique]]'' on April 22, 1993.<ref name="C4WDefault-9398444"/> |
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The '''Synagogue of [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]]''', located at 12 rue Ancelle, built in 1878, is the oldest [[synagogue]] in the [[Paris]] suburbs of France. |
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== History == |
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==Top of the Jewish presence in Neuilly== |
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The first significant evidence of a Jewish presence in Neuilly is the "house of refuge for Jewish children", a home created in 1866 by Coralie Cahen<ref>{{cite web | |
The first significant evidence of a Jewish presence in Neuilly is the "house of refuge for Jewish children", a home created in 1866 by Coralie Cahen<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afmeg.info/squelettes/dicofemmesjuives/pages/notice/cahen.htm |title=Coralie Cahen, born Levy |publisher=AFMEG |accessdate=23 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128225600/http://www.afmeg.info/squelettes/dicofemmesjuives/pages/notice/cahen.htm |archive-date=28 November 2009 }}</ref> the house also hosted prostitutes and their children. Initially located at [[Romainville]] then Neuilly Boulevard Eugene (now Boulevard Victor Hugo),<ref>{{cite web | url=http://cnum.cnam.fr/CGI/fpage.cgi?8XAE580.1/162/100/633/0/0 |title=Reports of the International Jury of the World Expo 1900 |access-date=November 24, 2008 |publisher=Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers |lang=fr }}</ref> it moved in 1883 to 19, Boulevard de la Saussaye where it stayed until the 1980s. Better known by the abbreviated name of "Refuge," it housed many young Jews isolated, without family, after the Second World War and after the independence of [[Algeria]], and the subsequent massmigration of Jews to France. |
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By 1869, there was a community located in an apartment at 15 rue Louis-Philippe. Chairman, Godchaux Oulry, a native of Lorraine, succeeded in raising the funds necessary to build a synagogue. Designed by Emile Uhlmann in the [[Byzantine Revival architecture|Byzantine Revival]] style,<ref name="C4WDefault-9398444">{{Base Mérimée|IA00079692|Synagogue}}</ref> the opening of the synagogue took place in 1878. |
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==The Synagogue== |
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[[File:Synaneuilly.jpg|thumb|left|185 px|Synagogue de Neuilly]] |
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[[File:Synagogue de Neuilly.jpg| thumb | right | 350px | The Synagogue de Neuilly during a demonstration for the release of [[Gilad Shalit]].]] |
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By 1869, there was a community located in an apartment at 15 rue Louis-Philippe. Chairman, Godchaux Oulry, a native of Lorraine, succeeded in raising the funds necessary to build a synagogue. The architect was Emile Uhlmann,<ref name="C4WDefault-9398444">{{cite web |url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/mersri_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=IA00079692 |title=Database result: culture.gouv.fr |work=culture.gouv.fr |date=April 6, 2014 <!-- No date available; last modification date used. --> |accessdate=April 6, 2014 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406074500/http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/mersri_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=IA00079692 |archivedate=April 6, 2014 |url-status=live|df= }}</ref> who choose to build in the [[Neo-Byzantine]] style. The opening took place in 1878. |
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The first rabbi of Neuilly in 1888, was [[Simon Debré]], father of Professor [[Robert Debré]] and the grandfather of the [[Charles de Gaulle|General de Gaulle]]'s Prime-Minister [[Michel Debré]]. |
The first rabbi of Neuilly in 1888, was [[Simon Debré]], father of Professor [[Robert Debré]] and the grandfather of the [[Charles de Gaulle|General de Gaulle]]'s Prime-Minister [[Michel Debré]]. |
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The community grew until [[World War II]] and the synagogue expanded in 1937 under the eye of architects Germain Debré and Hirsch. |
The community grew until [[World War II]] and the synagogue expanded in 1937 under the eye of architects Germain Debré and Hirsch. |
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As it was for all Jewish communities, the war brought desolation. Rabbi Robert Meyers and his wife Suzanne (née Bauer) were deported to [[Auschwitz]] in 1943. A plaque outside the synagogue commemorates the deportation of all |
As it was for all Jewish communities, the war brought desolation. Rabbi Robert Meyers and his wife Suzanne (née Bauer) were deported to [[Auschwitz]] in 1943. A plaque outside the synagogue commemorates the deportation of all Jewish inhabitants of Neuilly and others, and the actions of the [[Righteous Among the Nations]] in Neuilly. On Rue Edouard Nortier, another plaque commemorates the names of 17 children aged 3 to 11 years, who were housed in a former clinic run by the Nuns, they were on July 25, 1944, rounded up, deported and murdered by the Nazis.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V0r-Iw7bvbgC&pg=PA526 |title=Christians and Jews under Vichy, 1940-1944 |chapter=Rescue and civil disobedience |page=526 |author=Yagil, Limor |publisher=Éditions du Cerf |isbn=2-204-07585-X |year=2005}}</ref> |
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The rebirth after the war was difficult. |
The rebirth after the war was difficult. Rabbi [[David Feuerwerker]] created a study circle and a circle of young people. His successor, Rabbi Edouard Gourevitch, saw the arrival in 1962 of huge number of Jews from Algeria who brought a new vitality to the community.{{cn|date=June 2024}} In 1975, the Grand Rabbi Jerome Cahen and his wife revived the community, turning resolutely towards youth. The number of believers increased dramatically.{{cn|date=June 2024}} In 1978, the centenary of the synagogue was celebrated in the presence of the authorities and former Prime Minister Debré.{{cn|date=June 2024}} In 2009, Rabbi Michael Azoulay, a member of the National Consultative Ethics Committee since 2008, succeeded Rabbi Alexis Blum. |
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== Clergy == |
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In 1975, the Grand Rabbi [[Jerome Cahen]] and his wife revived the community, turning resolutely towards youth. The number of believers increased dramatically. |
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The following individuals have served as [[rabbi]] of the congregation: |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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In 1978, the centenary of the synagogue was celebrated in the presence of the authorities and former Prime Minister Michel Debré. |
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! Ordinal !! Officeholder !! Term started !! Term ended !! Time in office !! Notes |
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|- |
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Rabbi Alexis Blum succeeds Jerome Cahen, who died in 1988. |
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|align="center"|{{nts|1}} || [[Simon Debré]] ||align=center|1888 ||align=center|1939 ||align="right"|{{nowrap|'''{{age in years|1888|1939}} years'''}} || |
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|- |
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In 2009, Rabbi Michael Azoulay, a member of the [[National Consultative Ethics Committee]] since 2008, succeeded Rabbi Alexis Blum. |
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|align="center"|{{nts|2}} || Robert Meyers ||align=center|1928 ||align=center|1943 ||align="right"|{{age in years|1928|1943}} years || Served concurrently with Rabbi Debré; perished in [[Auschwitz]] |
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|- |
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==Rabbis== |
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|align="center"|{{nts|3}} || Henry Soil ||align=center|1945 ||align=center|1946 ||align="right"|{{age in years|1945|1946}} years || <ref>{{cite book |last=Soil |first=Henry |title=Don Isaac Abravanel (1437-1508): His life, his works |publisher=Foundation Sefer |year=1937}}</ref> |
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* 1888-1939: [[Simon Debré]] |
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|- |
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* 1928-1943: Robert Meyers (died [[Auschwitz]]) |
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|align="center"|{{nts|4}} || {{nowrap|[[David Feuerwerker]]}} ||align=center|1946 ||align=center|1948 ||align="right"|{{age in years|1946|1948}} years || |
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* 1945-1946: Henry Soil<ref>Bibliography: |
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|- |
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* {{cite book | last = Soil | first = Henry | title = Don [[Isaac Abravanel]] (1437-1508) - His life, his works | publisher = Foundation Sefer | year = 1937}}</ref> |
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|align="center"|{{nts|5}} || René Kapel ||align=center|1948 ||align=center|1949 ||align="right"|{{age in years|1948|1949}} years || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://judaisme.sdv.fr/histoire/rabbins/kapel.htm |title=René Samuel KAPEL (1907-1994) |author=Zenouda, Sylvia |work=Judaism of Alsace and Lorraine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.memoresist.org/spip.php?page=oublionspas_detail&id=1206&var_recherche=kapel |title=Search: René Kapel <!--| memorysite= Hopes of Resistance-->|author=Fineltin, Marc |website=MemoResist.org}}</ref> |
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* 1946-1948: [[David Feuerwerker]] |
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|- |
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* 1948-1949: René Kapel<ref>See his complete bio: {{cite web |url= http://judaisme.sdv.fr/histoire/rabbins/kapel.htm |title= René Samuel KAPEL (1907-1994) |author= Sylvie Zenouda |work = Judaism of Alsace and Lorraine}} View the details of its action in the resistance: {{cite web |url= http://www.memoresist.org/spip.php?page=oublionspas_detail&id=1206&var_recherche=kapel |title= search: René Kapel <!--| memorysite= Hopes of Resistance-->|author= Marc Fineltin |website= MemoResist.org}}</ref> |
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|align="center"|{{nts|6}} || Edouard Gourevitch ||align=center|1949 ||align=center|1975 ||align="right"|{{age in years|1949|1975}} years || <ref>{{cite book |title=The Haggadah of Passover rites Sephardic and Ashkenazi |publisher=International Berg |year=1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=ben Judah the Hasid, Shmuel |title=A Guide Hasidim |publisher=Éditions du Cerf |year=1988 |isbn=978-2-204-02827-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Loew ben Bezalel, Judah |author-link=Judah Loew ben Bezalel |title=The Well of exile |publisher=Berg International |date=May 1991 |isbn=2-900269-21-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Loew ben Bezalel, Judah |author-link=Judah Loew ben Bezalel |title=The deeds of the LORD |publisher=Éditions du Cerf |year=1994 |isbn=978-2-204-04585-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Malki, David |title=The Talmud and its masters |publisher=[[Albin Michel]] International |date=January 2000 |isbn=2-226-01671-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Schaefer, Peter |title=Judeophobia: Attitudes toward Jews in the ancient world |publisher=Éditions du Cerf |date=March 2003 |isbn=978-2-204-06923-6}}</ref> |
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* 1949-1975: Edouard Gourevitch <ref>Bibliography of Rabbi Gurevich Gurevich: |
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|- |
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* Translations from Hebrew |
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|align="center"|{{nts|7}} || Jerome Cahen ||align=center|1975 ||align=center|1986 ||align="right"|{{age in years|1975|1986}} years || Died in office |
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** {{cite book |title= The [[Haggadah]] of [[Passover]] rites [[Sephardic]] and [[Ashkenazi]] |publisher= International Berg | year = 1982}} |
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|- |
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** {{cite book |author= Shmuel ben Judah the Hasid |title= A Guide Hasidim |publisher= Éditions du Cerf |year= 1988 |isbn= 978-2-204-02827-1}} |
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|align="center"|{{nts|8}} || Alexis Blum ||align=center|1988 ||align=center|2009 ||align="right"|{{age in years|1988|2009}} years || <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.melamed.fr/spip.php?article31 |title= Biographie and bibliography of Rabbi Alexis Blum | accessdate= July 27, 2010 |work= Melamed}}</ref> |
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** {{cite book |author=Judah Loew ben Bezalel |author-link=Judah Loew ben Bezalel |title= The Well of exile | publisher= Berg International |date=May 1991 |isbn= 2-900269-21-0}} |
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|- |
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** {{cite book |author= Judah Loew ben Bezalel |author-link= Judah Loew ben Bezalel |title= The deeds of the LORD |publisher= Éditions du Cerf |year= 1994 |isbn= 978-2-204-04585-8}} |
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|align="center"|{{nts|9}} || Michael Azoulay ||align=center|2009 ||align=center|''incumbent'' ||align="right"|{{age in years|2009}} years || <ref>{{cite web |work=Les Neuf Mondes |url=http://www.ccne-ethique.fr/membresgalerie.php?id=719 |title=Biography of Michael Azoulay |publisher= Ccne-ethique.fr |date= |accessdate=2010-11-17}}</ref> |
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* Translation of [[Yiddish]] |
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|} |
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** {{cite book |author= David Malki | title= The Talmud and its masters | publisher = [[Albin Michel]] International |date=January 2000 | isbn = 2-226-01671-6}} |
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* Translation from English |
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** {{cite book |author= Peter Schaefer |title= Judeophobia: Attitudes toward Jews in the ancient world |publisher= Éditions du Cerf |date= March 2003 |isbn= 978-2-204-06923-6}}</ref> |
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* 1975-1986: Jerome Cahen |
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* 1988-2009: Alexis Blum<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.melamed.fr/spip.php?article31 |title= Biographie and bibliography of Rabbi Alexis Blum | accessdate= July 27, 2010 |work= Melamed}}</ref> |
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* 2009 -: Michael Azoulay<ref>{{cite web |author= Les Neuf Mondes - http://www.9mondes.com/ |url= http://www.ccne-ethique.fr/membresgalerie.php?id=719 |title= Biography of Michael Azoulay on the official website of CCNE |publisher= Ccne-ethique.fr |date= |accessdate= 2010-11-17}}</ref> |
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== Bibliography == |
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Editor Sylvie Zenouda, "The Synagogue de Neuilly-sur-Seine, 120-year history of a community", March 2000, {{ISBN|2-9515255-0-8}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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== Further reading == |
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* {{cite book |editor=Zenouda, Sylvie |title=The Synagogue de Neuilly-sur-Seine, 120-year history of a community |date=March 2000 |publisher= S. Zenouda|location= |isbn=2-9515255-0-8 |page= }} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{ |
{{Commons category}} |
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* |
* {{official website|http://www.synaneuilly.com }} |
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* |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.ccjc-neuilly.com/ |title=Community Center Jerome Cahen }} |
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* |
* {{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=212&letter=N |title=Neuilly sur Seine |encyclopedia=[[Jewish Encyclopedia]] |date= |access-date= |isbn= |page= }} |
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{{Synagogues in France}} |
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{{Coord|48|52|51|N|2|16|06|E|region:FR-92_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Neuilly synagogue}} |
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[[Category:Algerian-Jewish culture in France]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1869 establishments in France]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:19th-century synagogues in Europe]] |
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[[Category:Algerian-Jewish diaspora in France]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hauts-de-Seine]] |
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hauts-de-Seine]] |
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[[Category:Byzantine Revival architecture in France]] |
[[Category:Byzantine Revival architecture in France]] |
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[[Category:Byzantine Revival synagogues]] |
[[Category:Byzantine Revival synagogues]] |
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[[Category:Jewish organizations established in 1869]] |
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[[Category:Monuments historiques of Hauts-de-Seine]] |
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[[Category:Orthodox synagogues in France]] |
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[[Category:Sephardi Jewish culture in France]] |
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[[Category:Sephardi synagogues]] |
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[[Category:Synagogues completed in 1878]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:00, 4 November 2024
| Synagogue of Neuilly | |
|---|---|
French: Synagogue de Neuilly | |
 The synagogue in 2013 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Orthodox Judaism |
| Rite |
|
| Ecclesiastical or organisational status | Synagogue |
| Leadership | Rabbi Michael Azoulay |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | 12 rue Ancelle, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine |
| Country | France |
  Location of the synagogue on the outskirts of Paris | |
| Geographic coordinates | 48°52′51″N 2°16′06″E / 48.88083°N 2.26833°E |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | 1878:
|
| Type | Synagogue architecture |
| Style | Byzantine Revival |
| Date established | 1869 (as a congregation) |
| Completed | 1878 |
| Website | |
| synaneuilly | |
| Official name | Synagogue |
| Type | Base Mérimée |
| Criteria | Patrimoine architectural |
| Designated | April 22, 1993 |
| Reference no. | IA00079692 |
| [1][2] | |
The Synagogue of Neuilly (French: Synagogue de Neuilly) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 12 rue Ancelle, in Neuilly-sur-Seine, in the Hauts-de-Seine department, west of Paris, France. The synagogue was built in 1878. The congregation used to worship in the Ashkenazi rite; however is now Sephardi.
The building was listed as a monument historique on April 22, 1993.[1]
History
[edit]The first significant evidence of a Jewish presence in Neuilly is the "house of refuge for Jewish children", a home created in 1866 by Coralie Cahen[3] the house also hosted prostitutes and their children. Initially located at Romainville then Neuilly Boulevard Eugene (now Boulevard Victor Hugo),[4] it moved in 1883 to 19, Boulevard de la Saussaye where it stayed until the 1980s. Better known by the abbreviated name of "Refuge," it housed many young Jews isolated, without family, after the Second World War and after the independence of Algeria, and the subsequent massmigration of Jews to France.
By 1869, there was a community located in an apartment at 15 rue Louis-Philippe. Chairman, Godchaux Oulry, a native of Lorraine, succeeded in raising the funds necessary to build a synagogue. Designed by Emile Uhlmann in the Byzantine Revival style,[1] the opening of the synagogue took place in 1878.
The first rabbi of Neuilly in 1888, was Simon Debré, father of Professor Robert Debré and the grandfather of the General de Gaulle's Prime-Minister Michel Debré.
The community grew until World War II and the synagogue expanded in 1937 under the eye of architects Germain Debré and Hirsch.
As it was for all Jewish communities, the war brought desolation. Rabbi Robert Meyers and his wife Suzanne (née Bauer) were deported to Auschwitz in 1943. A plaque outside the synagogue commemorates the deportation of all Jewish inhabitants of Neuilly and others, and the actions of the Righteous Among the Nations in Neuilly. On Rue Edouard Nortier, another plaque commemorates the names of 17 children aged 3 to 11 years, who were housed in a former clinic run by the Nuns, they were on July 25, 1944, rounded up, deported and murdered by the Nazis.[5]
The rebirth after the war was difficult. Rabbi David Feuerwerker created a study circle and a circle of young people. His successor, Rabbi Edouard Gourevitch, saw the arrival in 1962 of huge number of Jews from Algeria who brought a new vitality to the community.[citation needed] In 1975, the Grand Rabbi Jerome Cahen and his wife revived the community, turning resolutely towards youth. The number of believers increased dramatically.[citation needed] In 1978, the centenary of the synagogue was celebrated in the presence of the authorities and former Prime Minister Debré.[citation needed] In 2009, Rabbi Michael Azoulay, a member of the National Consultative Ethics Committee since 2008, succeeded Rabbi Alexis Blum.
Clergy
[edit]The following individuals have served as rabbi of the congregation:
| Ordinal | Officeholder | Term started | Term ended | Time in office | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Simon Debré | 1888 | 1939 | 50–51 years | |
| 2 | Robert Meyers | 1928 | 1943 | 14–15 years | Served concurrently with Rabbi Debré; perished in Auschwitz |
| 3 | Henry Soil | 1945 | 1946 | 0–1 years | [6] |
| 4 | David Feuerwerker | 1946 | 1948 | 1–2 years | |
| 5 | René Kapel | 1948 | 1949 | 0–1 years | [7][8] |
| 6 | Edouard Gourevitch | 1949 | 1975 | 25–26 years | [9][10][11][12][13][14] |
| 7 | Jerome Cahen | 1975 | 1986 | 10–11 years | Died in office |
| 8 | Alexis Blum | 1988 | 2009 | 20–21 years | [15] |
| 9 | Michael Azoulay | 2009 | incumbent | 14–15 years | [16] |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Base Mérimée: Synagogue, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ "Synagogue in Neuilly". Historic synagogues of Europe. Foundation for Jewish Heritage and the Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. n.d. Retrieved June 16, 2024.
- ^ "Coralie Cahen, born Levy". AFMEG. Archived from the original on November 28, 2009. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
- ^ "Reports of the International Jury of the World Expo 1900" (in French). Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
- ^ Yagil, Limor (2005). "Rescue and civil disobedience". Christians and Jews under Vichy, 1940-1944. Éditions du Cerf. p. 526. ISBN 2-204-07585-X.
- ^ Soil, Henry (1937). Don Isaac Abravanel (1437-1508): His life, his works. Foundation Sefer.
- ^ Zenouda, Sylvia. "René Samuel KAPEL (1907-1994)". Judaism of Alsace and Lorraine.
- ^ Fineltin, Marc. "Search: René Kapel". MemoResist.org.
- ^ The Haggadah of Passover rites Sephardic and Ashkenazi. International Berg. 1982.
- ^ ben Judah the Hasid, Shmuel (1988). A Guide Hasidim. Éditions du Cerf. ISBN 978-2-204-02827-1.
- ^ Loew ben Bezalel, Judah (May 1991). The Well of exile. Berg International. ISBN 2-900269-21-0.
- ^ Loew ben Bezalel, Judah (1994). The deeds of the LORD. Éditions du Cerf. ISBN 978-2-204-04585-8.
- ^ Malki, David (January 2000). The Talmud and its masters. Albin Michel International. ISBN 2-226-01671-6.
- ^ Schaefer, Peter (March 2003). Judeophobia: Attitudes toward Jews in the ancient world. Éditions du Cerf. ISBN 978-2-204-06923-6.
- ^ "Biographie and bibliography of Rabbi Alexis Blum". Melamed. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
- ^ "Biography of Michael Azoulay". Les Neuf Mondes. Ccne-ethique.fr. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
Further reading
[edit]- Zenouda, Sylvie, ed. (March 2000). The Synagogue de Neuilly-sur-Seine, 120-year history of a community. S. Zenouda. ISBN 2-9515255-0-8.
External links
[edit]
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