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{{Infobox monarch
{{Infobox monarch
| title = [[List of monarchs of Kush|Kushite King]] of [[Meroe]]
|title = [[List of monarchs of Kush|Kushite King]] of [[Meroë]]
| image = Stele Harsiotef Budge.jpg
|image = Stele Harsiotef Budge.jpg
| caption = Stela of Harsiotef offering to [[Amun-Ra]]
|caption = Stela of Harsiotef offering to [[Amun-Ra]]
| full name =
|native_lang1 = nomen
⚫
|native_lang1_name1 = <hiero><-G5-G39-Z1-i-t:f-A40-></hiero><br>''Harsiotef''<ref name=DM>{{cite journal|last1=Dunham|first1=Dows|author-link=Dows Dunham|last2=Macadam|first2=M. F. Laming|title=Names and Relationships of the Royal Family of Napata|journal=Journal of Egyptian Archaeology|volume=35|year=1949|pages=139–149|doi=10.1177/030751334903500124|s2cid=192423817|jstor=3855222}}</ref>
| native_lang1 = nomen
|place of burial = [[Nuri]] (Nu. 13)
⚫
| native_lang1_name1 = <hiero><-G5-G39-Z1-i-t:f-A40-></hiero><br>''Harsiotef''<ref name="DM">Dows Dunham and M. F. Laming Macadam, Names and Relationships of the Royal Family of Napata, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 35 (Dec., 1949), pp. 139–149</ref>
⚫
|predecessor = [[Baskakeren]]
| birth_date =
⚫
|successor = King, owner of pyramid 1 at El-Kurru?
| birth_place =
⚫
|spouse = Queen [[Batahaliye]] and possibly Queen [[Pelkha (Queen)|Pelkha]], [[Henutirdis]] ?
| death_date =
⚫
|issue = Possibly King [[Akhraten]], King [[Nastasen]], Queen [[Sakhmakh]]
| death_place =
⚫
|father = Likely King [[Amanineteyerike]]
| date of burial =
| place of burial = [[Nuri]] (Nu. 13)
|mother = Queen [[Atasamale]]
⚫
| predecessor = [[Baskakeren]]
⚫
| successor = King, owner of pyramid 1 at El-Kurru?
⚫
| spouse = Queen [[Batahaliye]] and possibly Queen [[Pelkha (Queen)|Pelkha]], [[Henutirdis]] ?
⚫
| issue = Possibly King [[Akhraten]], King [[Nastasen]], Queen [[Sakhmakh]]
⚫
| father = Likely King [[Amanineteyerike]]
| mother = Queen [[Atasamale]]
}}
}}
'''Harsiotef''' was a [[List of monarchs of Kush|Kushite King]] of [[Meroe]] (about 404 – 369 BC).
'''Harsiotef''' was a [[List of monarchs of Kush|Kushite King]] of [[Meroë]] (about 404 – 369 BC).


Harsiotef took on a full set of titles based on those of the Egyptian Pharaohs:<ref>László Török, The kingdom of Kush: handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization</ref>
Harsiotef took on a full set of titles based on those of the Egyptian Pharaohs:<ref>{{cite book|last=Török|first=László|author-link=László Török|title=The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization|series=Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East|volume=31|publisher=Brill|orig-year=1997|year=2015|isbn=978-90-04-10448-8}}</ref>

⚫
'''''Horus name:''''' Kanakht Khaemnepet ("Mighty Bull appears in Napata")

⚫
'''''Nebty Name:''''' Nednetjeru ("Who seeks the council of Gods")

⚫
'''''Golden Horus Name:''''' Uftikhesutnebut ("Subduer given all the Desert Lands")

⚫
'''''Prenomen:''''' Sameryamun ("Beloved son of Amun")


⚫
'''''Horus name:''''' Kanakht Khaemnepet ("Mighty Bull appears in Napata")<br>
⚫
'''''Nebty Name:''''' Nednetjeru ("Who seeks the council of Gods") <br>
⚫
'''''Golden Horus Name:''''' Uftikhesutnebut ("Subduer given all the Desert Lands") <br>
⚫
'''''Prenomen:''''' Sameryamun ("Beloved son of Amun") <br>
'''''Nomen:''''' Harsiotef ("Horus Son of his Father")
'''''Nomen:''''' Harsiotef ("Horus Son of his Father")


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Harsiotef was the son of Queen Atasamale and likely of King [[Amanineteyerike]]. He had a wife named Queen Batahaliye and may have had another wife named Queen Pelkha. If Queen Pelkha was his wife, he would also be the father of King [[Nastasen]]. It is possible that King [[Akhraten]] was also a son of Harsiotef, and Queen Sakhmakh, the wife of Nastasen, may be his daughter.<ref name="DM"/>
Harsiotef was the son of Queen Atasamale and likely of King [[Amanineteyerike]]. He had a wife named Queen Batahaliye and may have had another wife named Queen Pelkha. If Queen Pelkha was his wife, he would also be the father of King [[Nastasen]]. It is possible that King [[Akhraten]] was also a son of Harsiotef, and Queen Sakhmakh, the wife of Nastasen, may be his daughter.<ref name="DM"/>


He left an inscription dated to his thirty-third [[regnal year]], listing the battles from his successful campaign east of his kingdom against a town called ''Habasa'', whose inhabitants were called Matit. As a result of his victory, the Matit agreed to pay tribute to him. {{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}
He left an inscription dated to his thirty-third [[regnal year]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://attalus.org/egypt/harsiotef.html|title=Stela of Harsiotef|website=attalus.org|date=2024-06-28}} In the English translation, the people are called Metete.</ref> listing the battles from his successful campaign east of his kingdom against a town called ''Habasa'', whose inhabitants were called Matit. As a result of his victory, the Matit agreed to pay tribute to him.


The name of this place may be the earliest recorded use of the word [[Habesha]], the etymological basis for English [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]]. The only earlier text which may refer to the term is the mention of a "foreign people from the incense-producing regions" called ''ḫbstjw'' during Queen [[Hatshepsut]]'s time, which scholars assume refers to the land of [[Land of Punt|Punt]] and the [[Habesha peoples|Habesha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yohannes |first=Tesfay Tewolde |title=DPs, Phi-features and Tense in the Context of Abyssinian (Eritrean and Ethiopian) Semitic Languages |publisher=Firenze University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-88-6453-329-2 |location=[[Florence|Firenze]] |pages=4}}</ref>
The name of this place may be the earliest recorded use of the word [[Habesha]], the etymological basis for English [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]]. The only earlier text which may refer to the term is the mention of a "foreign people from the incense-producing regions" called ''ḫbstjw'' during Queen [[Hatshepsut]]'s time, which scholars assume refers to the land of [[Land of Punt|Punt]] and the [[Habesha peoples|Habesha]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Yohannes|first=Tesfay Tewolde|title=DPs, Phi-features and Tense in the Context of Abyssinian (Eritrean and Ethiopian) Semitic Languages|publisher=Firenze University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-88-6453-329-2|location=[[Florence|Firenze]]|page=4}}</ref>


Matit is recorded in the reigns of both Harsiotef and [[Nastasen]].<ref name="Budge-244">{{cite book|title=A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume 1)|first=E. A. Wallis|last=Budge|publisher=Methuen & Co.|location=London|year=1928|page=244}}</ref> The people of Matit or Matata also fought against the [[Kingdom of Axum|Aksumite]] king [[Ezana]] centuries later.<ref name="Budge-244"/>
Matit is recorded in the reigns of both Harsiotef and [[Nastasen]].<ref name="Budge-244">{{cite book|title=A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume 1)|last=Budge|first=E. A. Wallis|author-link=E. A. Wallis Budge|publisher=Methuen & Co.|location=London|year=1928|page=244}}</ref> The people of Matit or Matata also fought against the [[Kingdom of Axum|Aksumite]] king [[Ezana]] centuries later.<ref name="Budge-244"/>


Harsiotef was buried in a pyramid at [[Nuri]] (Nu. 13).<ref name="DM"/>
Harsiotef was buried in a pyramid at [[Nuri]] (Nu. 13).<ref name="DM"/>


==References==
==References==
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{{Commons category|Harsiotef}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Kushite Monarchs footer|state=collapsed}}

⚫
{{Commons category|Harsiotef}}

[[Category:5th-century BC monarchs of Kush]]
[[Category:5th-century BC monarchs of Kush]]
[[Category:4th-century BC monarchs of Kush]]
[[Category:4th-century BC monarchs of Kush]]



{{Sudan-bio-stub}}
{{Sudan-bio-stub}}
{{AncientEgypt-stub}}{{Kushite Monarchs footer|state=collapsed}}
{{AncientEgypt-stub}}

Latest revision as of 16:23, 5 November 2024

Harsiotef
Kushite King of Meroë
Stela of Harsiotef offering to Amun-Ra
PredecessorBaskakeren
SuccessorKing, owner of pyramid 1 at El-Kurru?
Burial
Nuri (Nu. 13)
SpouseQueen Batahaliye and possibly Queen Pelkha, Henutirdis ?
IssuePossibly King Akhraten, King Nastasen, Queen Sakhmakh
nomen
<
G5G39Z1it
f		 A40
>

Harsiotef[1]
FatherLikely King Amanineteyerike
MotherQueen Atasamale

Harsiotef was a Kushite King of Meroë (about 404 – 369 BC).

Harsiotef took on a full set of titles based on those of the Egyptian Pharaohs:[2]

Horus name: Kanakht Khaemnepet ("Mighty Bull appears in Napata")

Nebty Name: Nednetjeru ("Who seeks the council of Gods")

Golden Horus Name: Uftikhesutnebut ("Subduer given all the Desert Lands")

Prenomen: Sameryamun ("Beloved son of Amun")

Nomen: Harsiotef ("Horus Son of his Father")

Stela of Harsiotef, showing Harsiotef making offerings to the Gods
Nuri pyramid Nu XIII of King Harsiotef

Harsiotef was the son of Queen Atasamale and likely of King Amanineteyerike. He had a wife named Queen Batahaliye and may have had another wife named Queen Pelkha. If Queen Pelkha was his wife, he would also be the father of King Nastasen. It is possible that King Akhraten was also a son of Harsiotef, and Queen Sakhmakh, the wife of Nastasen, may be his daughter.[1]

He left an inscription dated to his thirty-third regnal year,[3] listing the battles from his successful campaign east of his kingdom against a town called Habasa, whose inhabitants were called Matit. As a result of his victory, the Matit agreed to pay tribute to him.

The name of this place may be the earliest recorded use of the word Habesha, the etymological basis for English Abyssinia. The only earlier text which may refer to the term is the mention of a "foreign people from the incense-producing regions" called ḫbstjw during Queen Hatshepsut's time, which scholars assume refers to the land of Punt and the Habesha.[4]

Matit is recorded in the reigns of both Harsiotef and Nastasen.[5] The people of Matit or Matata also fought against the Aksumite king Ezana centuries later.[5]

Harsiotef was buried in a pyramid at Nuri (Nu. 13).[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Dunham, Dows; Macadam, M. F. Laming (1949). "Names and Relationships of the Royal Family of Napata". Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 35: 139–149. doi:10.1177/030751334903500124. JSTOR 3855222. S2CID 192423817.
  2. ^ Török, László (2015) [1997]. The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East. Vol. 31. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10448-8.
  3. ^ "Stela of Harsiotef". attalus.org. 2024-06-28. In the English translation, the people are called Metete.
  4. ^ Yohannes, Tesfay Tewolde (2016). DPs, Phi-features and Tense in the Context of Abyssinian (Eritrean and Ethiopian) Semitic Languages. Firenze: Firenze University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-88-6453-329-2.
  5. ^ a b Budge, E. A. Wallis (1928). A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume 1). London: Methuen & Co. p. 244.
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