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{{Short description|American utility helicopter}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout, guidelines. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout, guidelines. -->
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
{{Infobox aircraft
|name= Bell 429 GlobalRanger
|name= Bell 429 GlobalRanger
|image= File:8-19-11 NEW 2010 MERCY FLIGHT 5 AT WCCH (modified).jpg
|image= File:8-19-11 NEW 2010 MERCY FLIGHT 5 AT WCCH (modified).jpg
|caption= A Bell 429 from [[Air medical services|Mercy Flight 5]]
|caption= A Bell 429 from [[Air medical services|Mercy Flight 5]]
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type= Multipurpose utility helicopter
|type= Multipurpose utility helicopter
|national origin= United States/Canada/South Korea<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airframer.com/aircraft_detail.html?model=429%20GlobalRanger |title=Bell 429 Globalranger Place of origin countries}}</ref>
|national_origin= United States/Canada/South Korea<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airframer.com/aircraft_detail.html?model=429%20GlobalRanger |title=Bell 429 Globalranger Place of origin countries}}</ref>
|manufacturer= [[Bell Helicopter]]
|manufacturer= [[Bell Helicopter]]
|designer=
|designer=
|first flight= 27 February 2007<ref name=429_newslet_Mar2007>[http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/pdf/429newsLetters/429_newsletter-2007-03mar.pdf Bell 429 newsletter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118090611/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/pdf/429newsLetters/429_newsletter-2007-03mar.pdf |date=2008-11-18 }}. Bell, March 2007.</ref>
|first_flight= 27 February 2007<ref name=429_newslet_Mar2007>[http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/pdf/429newsLetters/429_newsletter-2007-03mar.pdf Bell 429 newsletter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118090611/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/pdf/429newsLetters/429_newsletter-2007-03mar.pdf |date=2008-11-18 }}. Bell, March 2007.</ref>
|introduced= 2009
|introduction= 2009
|retired=
|retired=
|status= In service
|status= In service
|primary user= [[Canadian Coast Guard]] <!--Limit one (1) primary user. Top 4 users listed in 'primary user' and 'more users' fields based on numbers in service. -->
|primary_user= [[Canadian Coast Guard]] <!--Limit one (1) primary user. Top 4 users listed in 'primary user' and 'more users' fields based on numbers in service. -->
|more users= [[Royal Australian Navy]]<br/>[[Swedish Police Authority|Swedish Police]]<br/>[[Delaware State Police]] <!-- Limit is THREE (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br/>.-->
|more_users= [[Royal Australian Navy]]<br />[[Swedish Police Authority|Swedish Police]]<br />[[Delaware State Police]] <!-- Limit is THREE (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br />.-->
|produced= 2007–present
|produced= 2007–present
|number built=325 (July 2018)<ref name=Bell16jul2018/>
|number_built=325 (July 2018)<ref name=Bell16jul2018/>
|unit cost= US$7.5 million (basic configuration, 2014)<ref>Inferred from a quote for a fully equipped Bell 429.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}</ref> (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US-GDP|7.5|2014|r=1}} million in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}}){{Inflation/fn|US-GDP}}
|unit cost= US$7.5 million (basic configuration, 2014)<ref>Inferred from a quote for a fully equipped Bell 429.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}</ref> (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US-GDP|7.5|2014|r=1}} million in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}}){{Inflation/fn|US-GDP}}
|developed from= [[Bell 427]]
|developed_from= [[Bell 427]]
|variants with their own articles=
|variants=
}}
}}
|}


The '''Bell 429 GlobalRanger''' is a light, twin-engine helicopter developed by [[Bell Helicopter]] and [[Korea Aerospace Industries]]. First flight of the Bell 429 prototype took place on February 27, 2007,<ref name=rw0407>[http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/personalcorporate/exectransport/9818.html "Bell Flies 429, Stretches Program"]. ''Rotor & Wing'', April 2007.</ref> and the aircraft received type certification on July 1, 2009.<ref name=Bell_cert>[http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/company/pressReleases/PR_09_0630_429certification.cfm "Bell 429 Achieves Certification"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711130847/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/company/pressReleases/PR_09_0630_429certification.cfm |date=2009-07-11 }}. Bell Helicopter, July 1, 2009.</ref> The Bell 429 is capable of single-pilot IFR and Runway Category A operations.<ref>[http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/applications/nico-celn/en/adv_search.asp?x_lang=e Transport Canada Type Certificate Search] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415153141/http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/applications/nico-celn/en/adv_search.asp?x_lang=e |date=2009-04-15 }}</ref>
The '''Bell 429 GlobalRanger''' is a light, twin-engine helicopter developed by [[Bell Helicopter]] and [[Korea Aerospace Industries]]. The first flight of the prototype took place on February 27, 2007,<ref name=rw0407>[http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/personalcorporate/exectransport/9818.html "Bell Flies 429, Stretches Program"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116114525/http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/personalcorporate/exectransport/9818.html |date=2016-01-16 }}. ''Rotor & Wing'', April 2007.</ref> and the aircraft received type certification on July 1, 2009.<ref name=Bell_cert>[http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/company/pressReleases/PR_09_0630_429certification.cfm "Bell 429 Achieves Certification"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711130847/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/company/pressReleases/PR_09_0630_429certification.cfm |date=2009-07-11 }}. Bell Helicopter, July 1, 2009.</ref> The Bell 429 is capable of single-pilot IFR and Runway Category A operations.<ref>[http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/applications/nico-celn/en/adv_search.asp?x_lang=e Transport Canada Type Certificate Search] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415153141/http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/applications/nico-celn/en/adv_search.asp?x_lang=e |date=2009-04-15 }}</ref>


==Development==
==Development==
The impetus for developing the Bell 429 came primarily from the [[emergency medical services]] (EMS) industry. The [[Bell 427]] was originally intended to address this market, but the 427's small cabin size would not adequately accommodate a patient litter,<ref name="AW & ST">"Light Twin, Big Cabin", [[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] '''170''', 26 (June 29, 2009), p. 42.</ref> and the systems did not support [[instrument flight rules]] (IFR) certification. Bell's original concept for the 429 was a stretched model 427<ref name="Bell Canada composites">Croft, John. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/06/12/327834/bell-canada-composites-not-a-grey-area.html "Bell Canada: composites not a grey area"]. ''Flight International'', June 12, 2009.</ref> (unveiled as the Bell 427s3i at the 2004 HAI helicopter show), but this still did not provide what Bell and its customer advisers were looking for.<ref>AW&ST: "... but the cabin was not big enough to attract operators, particularly the emergency medical service industry."</ref>
The impetus for developing the Bell 429 came primarily from the [[emergency medical services]] (EMS) industry. The [[Bell 427]] was originally intended to address this market, but the 427's small cabin size would not adequately accommodate a patient litter,<ref name="AW & ST">"Light Twin, Big Cabin", [[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] '''170''', 26 (June 29, 2009), p. 42.</ref> and the systems did not support [[instrument flight rules]] (IFR) certification. Bell's original concept for the 429 was a stretched model 427<ref name="Bell Canada composites">Croft, John. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/06/12/327834/bell-canada-composites-not-a-grey-area.html "Bell Canada: composites not a grey area"]. ''Flight International'', June 12, 2009.</ref> (unveiled as the Bell 427s3i at the 2004 HAI helicopter show), but this still did not provide what Bell and its customer advisers were looking for.<ref>AW&ST: "... but the cabin was not big enough to attract operators, particularly the emergency medical service industry."</ref>


Bell abandoned the 427 airframe and went to its MAPL (Modular Affordable Product Line) concept airframe<ref name="Bell Canada composites"/> that was still in conceptual development at the time. The 429 employs the all-new modular airframe concept and the advanced rotor blade design from the MAPL program, but maintains a derivative engine and rotor drive system from the 427.<ref name=FG429GlobalRangerTeachesBellNewLessons>{{cite news |last1=Trimble |first1=Stephen |title=429 GlobalRanger teaches Bell new lessons in design |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/nbaa-429-globalranger-teaches-bell-new-lessons-in-d-377603/ |access-date=11 March 2016 |publisher=[[Flightglobal]] |date=22 October 2012 |location=Washington DC}}</ref> The basic model includes a glass cockpit and is certified for single pilot IFR. Bell partnered with [[Korea Aerospace Industries]] and Mitsui Bussan Aerospace of Japan in the helicopter's development.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050312222010/http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/frtypen/FRB429.htm]</ref>
Bell abandoned the 427 airframe and went to its MAPL (Modular Affordable Product Line) concept airframe<ref name="Bell Canada composites"/> that was still in conceptual development at the time. The 429 employs the all-new modular airframe concept and the advanced rotor blade design from the MAPL program, but maintains a derivative engine and rotor drive system from the 427.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Trimble |first1=Stephen |title=429 GlobalRanger teaches Bell new lessons in design |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/nbaa-429-globalranger-teaches-bell-new-lessons-in-d-377603/ |access-date=11 March 2016 |publisher=[[Flightglobal]] |date=22 October 2012 |location=Washington DC}}</ref> The basic model includes a glass cockpit and is certified for single pilot IFR. Bell partnered with [[Korea Aerospace Industries]] and Mitsui Bussan Aerospace of Japan in the helicopter's development.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/frtypen/FRB429.htm |title=FLUG REVUE Aircraft Gallery: Bell Helicopter 429 |website=www.flug-revue.rotor.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312222010/http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/frtypen/FRB429.htm |archive-date=12 March 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


[[File:Bell 429.JPG|thumb|left|Bell 429 at the Singapore Air Show 2010]]
[[File:Bell 429.JPG|thumb|left|Bell 429 at the Singapore Air Show 2010]]
Bell had flown most of the critical MAPL technology components, using a 427 testbed aircraft, by February 2006. The first completed 429 flew on February 27, 2007.<ref name=429_newslet_Mar2007/> Certification was originally planned for late 2007, but program schedule delays, primarily caused by parts and material shortages common to all aviation manufacturers in that time period, caused the manufacturer to stretch the development timetable.<ref name=rw0407/> In October 2007 the external configuration was set. In February 2008, Bell had three 429s in flight testing that had completed 600 flight hours.<ref>[http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/company/pressReleases/PR_08_0224-07Bell429update4HAI.cfm "Bell Provides 429 Program Update"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227215014/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/company/pressReleases/PR_08_0224-07Bell429update4HAI.cfm |date=2008-02-27 }}. Bell Helicopter, February 22, 2008.</ref> The 429 conducted its high-altitude testing in Colorado and its high-temperature testing in Arizona.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://investor.textron.com/news/news-releases/press-release-details/2007/Textrons-Bell-Completes-Major-Milestone-in-the-429-Development/default.aspx|title=Textron Inc - Textron's Bell Completes Major Milestone in the 429 Development|website=investor.textron.com|access-date=2016-09-15}}</ref>
Bell had flown most of the critical MAPL technology components, using a 427 testbed aircraft, by February 2006. The first completed 429 flew on February 27, 2007.<ref name=429_newslet_Mar2007/> Certification was originally planned for late 2007, but program schedule delays, primarily caused by parts and material shortages common to all aviation manufacturers in that time period, caused the manufacturer to stretch the development timetable.<ref name=rw0407/> In October 2007, the external configuration was set. In February 2008, Bell had three 429s in flight testing that had completed 600 flight hours.<ref>[http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/company/pressReleases/PR_08_0224-07Bell429update4HAI.cfm "Bell Provides 429 Program Update"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227215014/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/company/pressReleases/PR_08_0224-07Bell429update4HAI.cfm |date=2008-02-27 }}. Bell Helicopter, February 22, 2008.</ref> Its high-altitude testing was conducted in Colorado and its high-temperature testing in Arizona.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://investor.textron.com/news/news-releases/press-release-details/2007/Textrons-Bell-Completes-Major-Milestone-in-the-429-Development/default.aspx|title=Textron Inc - Textron's Bell Completes Major Milestone in the 429 Development|website=investor.textron.com|access-date=2016-09-15}}</ref>


The helicopter received type certification from [[Transport Canada]] Civil Aviation (TCCA) on July 1, 2009,<ref name=Bell_cert/> and from the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) by July 7, 2009.<ref>[http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/topstories/33439.html "FAA, TC Certify Bell 429"]. Rotor & Wing, July 7, 2009.</ref> EASA certification was announced at Helitech on September 24, 2009.<ref>[http://www.shephard.co.uk/news/3980/helitech-2009-bell-429-achieves-easa-certification/ "Helitech 2009: Bell 429 achieves EASA Certification"]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Rotorhub, September 24, 2009.</ref> TCCA and authorities in some other countries later approved an increased weight exemption for the aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Bell Still Seeking FAA Weight Exemption for 429 |url= http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/services/modifications/Bell-Still-Seeking-FAA-Weight-Exemption-for-429_78385.html#.VsFCvyArLnA |work=Rotor & Wing Magazine |access-date= 2016-02-15}}</ref> However, FAA and EASA disagreed with the weight exemption, which had allowed the 429 to operate for the Canadian Coast Guard.<ref>Stephens, Ernie. "[http://www.aviationtoday.com/regions/canada/Docs-Show-FAA-Was-Angry-Over-Bells-Weight-Exemption_82321.html Docs Show FAA Was Angry Over Bell's Weight Exemption] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608213202/http://www.aviationtoday.com/regions/canada/Docs-Show-FAA-Was-Angry-Over-Bells-Weight-Exemption_82321.html |date=2014-06-08 }}" ''Rotor & Wing'', June 3, 2014. Accessed: June 8, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140608213202/http://www.aviationtoday.com/regions/canada/Docs-Show-FAA-Was-Angry-Over-Bells-Weight-Exemption_82321.html Archived] on June 8, 2014.</ref>
The helicopter received type certification from [[Transport Canada]] Civil Aviation (TCCA) on July 1, 2009,<ref name=Bell_cert/> and from the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) by July 7, 2009.<ref>[http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/topstories/33439.html "FAA, TC Certify Bell 429"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194821/http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/topstories/33439.html |date=2016-03-03 }}. Rotor & Wing, July 7, 2009.</ref> EASA certification was announced at Helitech on September 24, 2009.<ref>[http://www.shephard.co.uk/news/3980/helitech-2009-bell-429-achieves-easa-certification/ "Helitech 2009: Bell 429 achieves EASA Certification"]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Rotorhub, September 24, 2009.</ref> TCCA and authorities in some other countries later approved an increased weight exemption for the aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Bell Still Seeking FAA Weight Exemption for 429 |url= http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/services/modifications/Bell-Still-Seeking-FAA-Weight-Exemption-for-429_78385.html#.VsFCvyArLnA |work= Rotor & Wing Magazine |access-date= 2016-02-15 |archive-date= 2016-02-23 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160223082615/http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/services/modifications/Bell-Still-Seeking-FAA-Weight-Exemption-for-429_78385.html#.VsFCvyArLnA |url-status= dead }}</ref> However, FAA and EASA disagreed with the weight exemption, which had allowed the 429 to operate for the Canadian Coast Guard.<ref>Stephens, Ernie. "[http://www.aviationtoday.com/regions/canada/Docs-Show-FAA-Was-Angry-Over-Bells-Weight-Exemption_82321.html Docs Show FAA Was Angry Over Bell's Weight Exemption] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608213202/http://www.aviationtoday.com/regions/canada/Docs-Show-FAA-Was-Angry-Over-Bells-Weight-Exemption_82321.html |date=2014-06-08 }}" ''Rotor & Wing'', June 3, 2014. Accessed: June 8, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140608213202/http://www.aviationtoday.com/regions/canada/Docs-Show-FAA-Was-Angry-Over-Bells-Weight-Exemption_82321.html Archived] on June 8, 2014.</ref>


As of June 2009, the Bell 429 had received over 301 Letters-of-Intent.<ref name="Bell cert imminent">Croft, John. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/06/15/327736/paris-air-show-bell-certification-imminent-for-bell-429-rotor.html "Bell: certification imminent for Bell 429 rotor rocket"]. ''Flight Daily News'', June 15, 2009.</ref> The launch customer for the Bell 429 was [[Air Methods|Air Methods Corporation]], the largest [[medevac]] provider in the United States, which took one helicopter. On July 7, 2009, this aircraft (s/n 57006) was delivered to Air Methods (owner) and [[MercyOne]] (operator) at Bell's facility in Mirabel, Quebec.<ref>[https://montrealgazette.com/model+certified+Employees+guests+celebrated+certification+regulators+Bell+Helicopter+Bell+light+twin+engine+helicopter+model+company+plant+Mirabel+yesterday+aircraft+will+sell+about+million+developed+Mirabel/1768992/story.html New model certified]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}. ''Montreal Gazette'', July 8, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.textron.com/newsroom/featured_stories/07_16_2009.jsp Bell Presents 429 To Its First Customer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902174405/http://textron.com/newsroom/featured_stories/07_16_2009.jsp |date=2009-09-02 }}. ''Textron website'', July 16, 2009.</ref>
As of June 2009, the Bell 429 had received over 301 letters of intent.<ref name="Bell cert imminent">Croft, John. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/06/15/327736/paris-air-show-bell-certification-imminent-for-bell-429-rotor.html "Bell: certification imminent for Bell 429 rotor rocket"]. ''Flight Daily News'', June 15, 2009.</ref> The launch customer was [[Air Methods|Air Methods Corporation]], the largest [[medevac]] provider in the United States, which took one helicopter. On July 7, 2009, this aircraft (s/n 57006) was delivered to Air Methods (owner) and [[MercyOne]] (operator) at Bell's facility in [[Mirabel, Quebec]].<ref>[https://montrealgazette.com/model+certified+Employees+guests+celebrated+certification+regulators+Bell+Helicopter+Bell+light+twin+engine+helicopter+model+company+plant+Mirabel+yesterday+aircraft+will+sell+about+million+developed+Mirabel/1768992/story.html New model certified]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}. ''Montreal Gazette'', July 8, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.textron.com/newsroom/featured_stories/07_16_2009.jsp Bell Presents 429 To Its First Customer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902174405/http://textron.com/newsroom/featured_stories/07_16_2009.jsp |date=2009-09-02 }}. ''Textron website'', July 16, 2009.</ref>


==Design==
==Design==
[[File:Bell 429 GlobalRanger C-FTNB cockpit 1.jpg|thumb|Bell 429 cockpit]]
[[File:Bell 429 GlobalRanger C-FTNB cockpit 1.jpg|thumb|Bell 429 cockpit]]


The Bell 429 has a four-blade rotor system with soft-in-plane flex beams. The rotor blades are composite and have swept tips for reduced noise. The tail rotor is made by stacking two, two-blade rotors set at uneven intervals (to form an X) for reduced noise.<ref name=rw0407/> The combined cabin volume is 204&nbsp;ft³ (5.78 m³) with a 130&nbsp;ft³ passenger cabin and 74&nbsp;ft³ baggage area,<ref name="AW & ST"/> with a flat floor for patient loading. A set of rear clamshell doors under the tailboom is optional for easier patient loading in EMS operations.
The Bell 429 has a four-blade rotor system with soft-in-plane flex beams. The rotor blades are composite and have swept tips for reduced noise. The tail rotor is made by stacking two two-blade rotors set at uneven intervals (to form an X) for reduced noise.<ref name=rw0407/> The combined cabin volume is 204 cu ft (5.78 m<sup>3</sup>) with a {{cvt|130|ft3|m3}} passenger cabin and {{cvt|74|ft3|m3}} baggage area,<ref name="AW & ST"/> with a flat floor for patient loading. A set of rear clamshell doors under the tailboom is optional for easier patient loading in EMS operations.


The 429 has a [[glass cockpit]] with a three-axis [[autopilot]] (optional fourth axis kit) and flight director as standard.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Bell Helicopter's Bell 429 {{!}} Business Jet Traveler |url= http://www.bjtonline.com/business-jet-news/bell-helicopters-bell-429 |website= bjtonline.com |access-date= 2016-02-15}}</ref> Standard [[landing gear]] are skids. A retractable wheel landing gear is optional and adds five knots to cruising speed.<ref name=Bell_cert/> The helicopter is a single-pilot IFR Category A helicopter. It is capable of operating with one engine inoperative. The main transmission is rated for 5,000 hours between overhauls and the tail rotor gearbox is rated for 3,200 hours.<ref name="AW & ST"/>
The 429 has a [[glass cockpit]] with a three-axis [[autopilot]] (optional fourth axis kit) and flight director as standard.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Bell Helicopter's Bell 429 {{!}} Business Jet Traveler |url= http://www.bjtonline.com/business-jet-news/bell-helicopters-bell-429 |website= bjtonline.com |date= February 2010 |access-date= 2016-02-15}}</ref> Standard [[landing gear]] are skids. A retractable wheel landing gear is optional and adds five knots to cruising speed.<ref name=Bell_cert/> The helicopter is categorized as a single-pilot IFR Category A. It is capable of operating with one engine inoperative. The main transmission is rated for 5,000 hours between overhauls and the tail rotor gearbox is rated for 3,200 hours.<ref name="AW & ST"/>


==Operational history==
==Operational history==
By July 2018, 325 aircraft had operated 330,000 hours for police forces, air medical teams and militaries in 42 countries, including Australia, France, Indonesia, Kuwait, Oman, Switzerland, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Thailand, the United States and the United Kingdom.<ref name="Bell16jul2018">{{cite press release |url= http://news.bellhelicopter.com/en-US/167542-bell-429-celebrates-over-330-000-hours-of-operation |title= Bell 429 Celebrates Over 330,000 Hours of Operation |date= 16 July 2018 |publisher= Bell}}</ref>
By July 2018, 325 aircraft had operated 330,000 hours for police forces, air medical teams, and militaries in 42 countries, including Australia, France, Indonesia, Kuwait, Oman, Switzerland, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Thailand, the United States, and the United Kingdom.<ref name="Bell16jul2018">{{cite press release |url= http://news.bellhelicopter.com/en-US/167542-bell-429-celebrates-over-330-000-hours-of-operation |title= Bell 429 Celebrates Over 330,000 Hours of Operation |date= 16 July 2018 |publisher= Bell}}</ref>


==Operators==
==Operators==
[[File:RAN-IFR 2013 D3 131.JPG|thumb|A Royal Australian Navy Bell 429]]
[[File:RAN-IFR 2013 D3 131.JPG|thumb|A Royal Australian Navy Bell 429]]

===Military and government operators===
⚫
;{{ARG}}
* Government of [[Corrientes Province|Corrientes]] - 2<ref name="Bell 429 in Provincial Governments in Argentina">{{cite web |url= https://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/Argentina-Bell-429/|title = Bell 429 in Provincial Governments in Argentina |publisher= helis.com |year= 2023 |access-date= 18 November 2023}}</ref>
* [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]] Provincial Police - 1<ref name="Policia de la Provincia de Entre Rios">{{cite web |url= https://www.helis.com/database/cn/34047/|title = Policia de la Provincia de Entre Rios |publisher= helis.com |year= 2023 |access-date= 18 November 2023}}</ref>
* Government of [[Santa Fe Province|Santa Fe]] - 1<ref name="Bell 429 in Provincial Governments in Argentina">{{cite web |url= https://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/Argentina-Bell-429/|title = Bell 429 in Provincial Governments in Argentina |publisher= helis.com |year= 2023 |access-date= 18 November 2023}}</ref>
* Government of [[San Juan Province, Argentina|San Juan]] - 1<ref name="Bell 429 in Provincial Governments in Argentina">{{cite web |url= https://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/Argentina-Bell-429/|title = Bell 429 in Provincial Governments in Argentina |publisher= helis.com |year= 2023 |access-date= 18 November 2023}}</ref>
* Government of [[Tucumán Province|Tucumán]] - 1<ref name="Bell 429 in Provincial Governments in Argentina">{{cite web |url= https://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/Argentina-Bell-429/|title = Bell 429 in Provincial Governments in Argentina |publisher= helis.com |year= 2023 |access-date= 18 November 2023}}</ref>
* Government of [[Salta Province|Salta]] - 1<ref name="Bell 429 in Provincial Governments in Argentina">{{cite web |url= https://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/Argentina-Bell-429/|title = Bell 429 in Provincial Governments in Argentina |publisher= helis.com |year= 2023 |access-date= 18 November 2023}}</ref>


;{{AUS}}
;{{AUS}}
Line 54: Line 62:
**[[723 Squadron RAN]] - 3<ref name="RAN_acquisition">{{cite news |title=Raytheon to provide Bell 429s for interim RAN aircrew training |url=http://australianaviation.com.au/2011/09/raytheon-to-provide-bell-429s-for-interim-ran-aircrew-training/ |access-date= September 19, 2011 |newspaper=Australian Aviation |date= September 19, 2011}}</ref>
**[[723 Squadron RAN]] - 3<ref name="RAN_acquisition">{{cite news |title=Raytheon to provide Bell 429s for interim RAN aircrew training |url=http://australianaviation.com.au/2011/09/raytheon-to-provide-bell-429s-for-interim-ran-aircrew-training/ |access-date= September 19, 2011 |newspaper=Australian Aviation |date= September 19, 2011}}</ref>


* [[Queensland Police Service]] - 3<ref>{{Cite web |title=New POLAIR fleet takes to the sky with official launch of Bell 429 helicopters |url=https://statements.qld.gov.au/statements/101022 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Ministerial Media Statements |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Miles Doing What Matters: POLAIR boost to keep Queenslanders safe |url=https://statements.qld.gov.au/statements/100598 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Ministerial Media Statements |language=en}}</ref>
;{{CAN}}
;{{CAN}}
*[[Canadian Coast Guard]] - 16<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=1039819&tp=1&_ga=1.115364870.1895177560.1453488565|title=Canadian Coast Guard Accepts New Light-Lift Helicopter in Shearwater, Nova Scotia|publisher=Government of Canada|access-date=17 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.verticalmag.com/news/article/Bell429selectedforCanadianCoastGuard#.U913S7l0yM8|title= Bell 429 selected for Canadian Coast Guard |publisher= verticalmag.com |access-date=1 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Vertical">{{cite web|url= https://www.verticalmag.com/features/better-faster-stronger-canadian-coast-guards-new-helicopter-fleet/|title= Better, Faster, Stronger: The Canadian Coast Guard’s new helicopter fleet|access-date= 15 July 2020|last= Johnson|first= Oliver|work= Vertical Magazine|date= 5 January 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180614070736/https://www.verticalmag.com/features/better-faster-stronger-canadian-coast-guards-new-helicopter-fleet/|archive-date= 14 June 2018|url-status= live}}</ref>
*[[Canadian Coast Guard]] - 16<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=1039819&tp=1&_ga=1.115364870.1895177560.1453488565|title=Canadian Coast Guard Accepts New Light-Lift Helicopter in Shearwater, Nova Scotia|publisher=Government of Canada|access-date=17 March 2016|archive-date=26 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326063658/http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=1039819&tp=1&_ga=1.115364870.1895177560.1453488565|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.verticalmag.com/news/article/Bell429selectedforCanadianCoastGuard#.U913S7l0yM8|title= Bell 429 selected for Canadian Coast Guard |publisher= verticalmag.com |access-date=1 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Vertical">{{cite web|url= https://www.verticalmag.com/features/better-faster-stronger-canadian-coast-guards-new-helicopter-fleet/|title= Better, Faster, Stronger: The Canadian Coast Guard's new helicopter fleet|access-date= 15 July 2020|last= Johnson|first= Oliver|work= Vertical Magazine|date= 5 January 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180614070736/https://www.verticalmag.com/features/better-faster-stronger-canadian-coast-guards-new-helicopter-fleet/|archive-date= 14 June 2018|url-status= live}}</ref>
<!-- ;{{FRA}}
* Héli-Sécurité, Inaer France{{cn|date=October 2020}} -->


;{{IDN}}
;{{IDN}}
* [[Indonesian National Police]]
* [[Indonesian National Police]]
**[[:id:Direktorat Polisi Udara Baharkam Polri|Directorate of Air Police of the National Police Security Maintenance Agency]] - 2<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 September 2018|title=Bell-429 GlobalRanger, Armada Helikopter Terbaru Polisi Udara|url=https://www.airspace-review.com/2018/09/10/bell-429-globalranger-armada-helikopter-terbaru-polisi-udara/|access-date=11 December 2020|website=airspace-review.com}}</ref>
**{{ill|Directorate of Air Police of the National Police Security Maintenance Agency|id|Direktorat Polisi Udara Baharkam Polri|vertical-align=sup}} - 2<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 September 2018|title=Bell-429 GlobalRanger, Armada Helikopter Terbaru Polisi Udara|url=https://www.airspace-review.com/2018/09/10/bell-429-globalranger-armada-helikopter-terbaru-polisi-udara/|access-date=11 December 2020|website=airspace-review.com}}</ref>


;{{JAM}}
;{{JAM}}
Line 67: Line 74:


;{{NZL}}
;{{NZL}}
[[File:New Zealand Police Bell 429.jpg|thumb|A Bell 429 of the New Zealand police]]
* [[New Zealand Police]] - 3<ref>{{cite press release |title=Police unveil new Eagle helicopters for Air Support Unit |url=https://www.police.govt.nz/news/release/police-unveil-new-eagle-helicopters-air-support-unit |website=New Zealand Police |access-date=13 March 2021 |date=12 July 2019}}</ref>
* [[New Zealand Police]] - 3<ref>{{cite press release |title=Police unveil new Eagle helicopters for Air Support Unit |url=https://www.police.govt.nz/news/release/police-unveil-new-eagle-helicopters-air-support-unit |website=New Zealand Police |access-date=13 March 2021 |date=12 July 2019}}</ref>


Line 73: Line 81:


;{{PHI}}
;{{PHI}}
*[[Philippine National Police]] - 3<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pulta |first1=Benjamin |title=Bato breaks in new PNP helicopter |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1032047 |access-date=13 March 2021 |work=Philippine News Agency |publisher=Philippine government |date=16 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Third Anne Peralta-Malonzo |title=PNP acquires 3 more helicopters |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1877467/Manila/Local-News/PNP-acquires-3-more-helicopters |access-date=13 March 2021 |work=SunStar |date=20 November 2020}}</ref> 1 lost in crash in 2020{{cn|date=October 2021}}
*[[Philippine National Police]] - 3<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pulta |first1=Benjamin |title=Bato breaks in new PNP helicopter |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1032047 |access-date=13 March 2021 |work=Philippine News Agency |publisher=Philippine government |date=16 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Third Anne Peralta-Malonzo |title=PNP acquires 3 more helicopters |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1877467/Manila/Local-News/PNP-acquires-3-more-helicopters |access-date=13 March 2021 |work=SunStar |date=20 November 2020}}</ref> 1 lost in crash in 2020{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}


[[File:Bell 429 Slovak police (cropped).jpg|thumb|A Bell 429 of the Slovak police.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://domov.sme.sk/c/20529455/pri-presove-spadol-vrtulnik-so-styrmi-ludmi.html |title=Pád policajného vrtuľníka v Prešove neprežili dvaja hasiči |last=a.s. |first=Petit Press |work=domov.sme.sk|access-date=2017-05-10|language=sk}}</ref>]]
[[File:Bell 429 Slovak police (cropped).jpg|thumb|A Bell 429 of the Slovak police<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://domov.sme.sk/c/20529455/pri-presove-spadol-vrtulnik-so-styrmi-ludmi.html |title=Pád policajného vrtuľníka v Prešove neprežili dvaja hasiči |last=a.s. |first=Petit Press |work=domov.sme.sk|access-date=2017-05-10|language=sk}}</ref>]]
;{{SVK}}
;{{SVK}}

*[[Air – Transport Europe]] - 3 (one crashed),<ref>{{Cite web|title=FLOTILA VZZS|url=https://www.ate.sk/sk/vzzs/flotila/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pri Banskej Bystrici spadol popradský vrtuľník. Zahynuli v ňom štyria ľudia|url=http://www.podtatranske-noviny.sk/2016/09/pri-banskej-bystrici-spadol-popradsky-vrtulnik-zahynuli-v-nom-styria-ludia/}}</ref>
*[[Slovak Police Force]] - 4 (one crashed)<ref>[https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20542014/bell-helicopter-expressed-regret-following-crash.html/ "Bell Helicopter expressed regret following crash"]</ref>
*[[Slovak Police Force]] - 4 (one crashed)<ref>[https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20542014/bell-helicopter-expressed-regret-following-crash.html/ "Bell Helicopter expressed regret following crash"]</ref>
<!-- *[[Slovak Armed Forces]] (9 on order - canceled)<ref>{{cite web|title=News Release: Government of Slovakia – Bell 429 Light Utility Helicopters |url=http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/government-slovakia-bell-429-light-utility-helicopters |website=United States Defense Security Cooperation Agency |access-date=1 May 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170501072547/http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/government-slovakia-bell-429-light-utility-helicopters |archive-date= 1 May 2017 |location=Washington, DC |date=28 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Jennings |first1=Gareth |title=US approves Bell 429 sale to Slovakia |url=http://www.janes.com/article/69965 |website=IHS Jane's 360 |access-date=3 May 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170503220036/http://www.janes.com/article/69965/us-approves-bell-429-sale-to-slovakia |date=2 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-date= 3 May 2017}}</ref> These sources only cover approved for sale, but not a completed sale. -->
<!-- *[[Slovak Armed Forces]] (9 on order - canceled)<ref>{{cite web|title=News Release: Government of Slovakia – Bell 429 Light Utility Helicopters |url=http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/government-slovakia-bell-429-light-utility-helicopters |website=United States Defense Security Cooperation Agency |access-date=1 May 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170501072547/http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/government-slovakia-bell-429-light-utility-helicopters |archive-date= 1 May 2017 |location=Washington, DC |date=28 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Jennings |first1=Gareth |title=US approves Bell 429 sale to Slovakia |url=http://www.janes.com/article/69965 |website=IHS Jane's 360 |access-date=3 May 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170503220036/http://www.janes.com/article/69965/us-approves-bell-429-sale-to-slovakia |date=2 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-date= 3 May 2017}}</ref> These sources only cover approved for sale, but not a completed sale. -->

⚫
;{{SUI}}
*[[Air Zermatt]] - 2<ref>{{cite web |title=Air Zermatt celebrates 50 years of operations with new Bell 429 delivery |url=https://news.bellflight.com/en-US/166215-air-zermatt-celebrates-50-years-of-operations-with-new-bell-429-delivery |website=Bell Textron Inc. |access-date=13 March 2021 |date=18 May 2018}}</ref>


;{{SWE}}
;{{SWE}}
Line 91: Line 96:


;{{TUR}}
;{{TUR}}
* [[:tr:Orman_Genel_Müdürlüğü|General Directorate of Forestry]]{{cn|date=October 2020}}
* {{ill|General Directorate of Forestry|tr|Orman Genel Müdürlüğü|vertical-align=sup}}{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
*[[General Directorate of Security]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.havacilik.pol.tr/Sayfalar/Helikopterlerimiz.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-06-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506165238/http://www.havacilik.pol.tr/Sayfalar/Helikopterlerimiz.aspx |archive-date=2014-05-06}}</ref>
*[[General Directorate of Security (Turkey)|General Directorate of Security]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.havacilik.pol.tr/Sayfalar/Helikopterlerimiz.aspx |title=Sayfalar - Bell 429 Album |access-date=2014-06-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506165238/http://www.havacilik.pol.tr/Sayfalar/Helikopterlerimiz.aspx |archive-date=2014-05-06}}</ref>


;{{UK}}
;{{UK}}
*[[Wiltshire Air Ambulance]] - 1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wiltshireairambulance.co.uk/who-we-are/new-helicopter |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-06-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608235721/http://www.wiltshireairambulance.co.uk/who-we-are/new-helicopter |archive-date=2015-06-08}}</ref>
*[[Wiltshire Air Ambulance]] - 1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wiltshireairambulance.co.uk/who-we-are/new-helicopter |title=New Helicopter: Wiltshire Air Ambulance |access-date=2015-06-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608235721/http://www.wiltshireairambulance.co.uk/who-we-are/new-helicopter |archive-date=2015-06-08}}</ref>


[[File:C-FCPF LBG SIAE 2015 (18955467412).jpg|thumb|Bell 429 with retractable wheel landing gear]]
[[File:C-FCPF LBG SIAE 2015 (18955467412).jpg|thumb|Bell 429 with retractable wheel landing gear]]
Line 101: Line 106:
*[[Delaware State Police]] - 4<ref>{{cite web |url= http://wdel.com/story.php?id=63812 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20141106010348/http://wdel.com/story.php?id=63812 |url-status= dead |archive-date= 6 November 2014 |title= State Police add 2 Helicopters to fleet |website= wdel.com |access-date= 5 November 2014}}</ref>
*[[Delaware State Police]] - 4<ref>{{cite web |url= http://wdel.com/story.php?id=63812 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20141106010348/http://wdel.com/story.php?id=63812 |url-status= dead |archive-date= 6 November 2014 |title= State Police add 2 Helicopters to fleet |website= wdel.com |access-date= 5 November 2014}}</ref>
*[[Fairfax County Police Department]] - 2<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=a37adae5-8fc4-4fd1-8722-d9da28fa670f |title= Bell Helicopter Delivers Model 429 To Fairfax County Police Department |website= aero-news.net |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref>
*[[Fairfax County Police Department]] - 2<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=a37adae5-8fc4-4fd1-8722-d9da28fa670f |title= Bell Helicopter Delivers Model 429 To Fairfax County Police Department |website= aero-news.net |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref>
*[[New York City Police Department]] - 1<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.policehelicopterpilot.com/nypd-aviation-unit/ |title= New York Police Department Aviation Division |publisher= www.policehelicopterpilot.com |access-date=1 May 2015}}</ref>
*[[New York City Police Department Aviation Unit|New York City Police Department]] - 1<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.policehelicopterpilot.com/nypd-aviation-unit/ |title= New York Police Department Aviation Division |publisher= www.policehelicopterpilot.com |access-date= 1 May 2015 |archive-date= 28 December 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141228185703/http://www.policehelicopterpilot.com/nypd-aviation-unit |url-status= dead }}</ref>
* [[Arizona Department of Public Safety]] - 1<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bellhelicopter.com/news/press-release/2017/3/arizona-dps-bell-429|title=Arizona Department of Public Safety signs purchase agreement for Bell 429|publisher=Bell Helicopter|location=[[Dallas, Texas]]|date=7 March 2017|access-date=8 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312055053/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/news/press-release/2017/3/arizona-dps-bell-429|archive-date=2017-03-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Arizona Department of Public Safety]] - 1<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bellhelicopter.com/news/press-release/2017/3/arizona-dps-bell-429|title=Arizona Department of Public Safety signs purchase agreement for Bell 429|publisher=Bell Helicopter|location=[[Dallas, Texas]]|date=7 March 2017|access-date=8 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312055053/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/news/press-release/2017/3/arizona-dps-bell-429|archive-date=2017-03-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Puerto Rico Department of Health]] - 1<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.bellhelicopter.com/news/press-release/2017/1/puerto%20rico-hems-bell%20429|title=Department of Health of Puerto Rico Selects the Bell 429 for Medical Operations|publisher=Bell Helicopter|date=12 January 2017|access-date=13 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422205214/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/news/press-release/2017/1/puerto%20rico-hems-bell%20429|archive-date=2017-04-22|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Puerto Rico Department of Health]] - 1<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.bellhelicopter.com/news/press-release/2017/1/puerto%20rico-hems-bell%20429|title=Department of Health of Puerto Rico Selects the Bell 429 for Medical Operations|publisher=Bell Helicopter|date=12 January 2017|access-date=13 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422205214/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/news/press-release/2017/1/puerto%20rico-hems-bell%20429|archive-date=2017-04-22|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Air Methods Corporation]]{{cn|date=May 2021}}
*[[Duke Energy]]{{cn|date=May 2021}}


;{{TUN}}
;{{TUN}}
* [[Tunisian National Guard]] - 3<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.helis.com/database/model/Bell-429/cn?filc=TN |title= List of 429 in Tunisia |website= helis.com |access-date= 10 November 2019}}</ref>
* [[Tunisian National Guard]] - 3<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.helis.com/database/model/Bell-429/cn?filc=TN |title= List of 429 in Tunisia |website= helis.com |access-date= 10 November 2019}}</ref>

=== Other operators ===
{{AUS}}

* Blesk Aviation<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-24 |title=Home 🚁 Blesk Aviation |url=https://blesk.com/ |access-date=2024-09-02 |language=en-GB}}</ref>


==Specifications (Bell 429)==
==Specifications (Bell 429)==
[[File:8-19-11 NEW 2010 MERCY FLIGHT 5 AT WCCH 027 (6060189574).jpg|thumb|upright|Cabin of a medical evacuation Bell 429]]
[[File:8-19-11 NEW 2010 MERCY FLIGHT 5 AT WCCH 027 (6060189574).jpg|thumb|upright|Cabin of a medical evacuation Bell 429]]
{{Aircraft specs
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Bell 429 brochure,<ref name=B429_broch>[http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/pdf/429.pdf Bell 429 brochure] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419150012/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/pdf/429.pdf |date=2009-04-19}}. Bell Helicopter.</ref> Bell Helicopter 429 product specifications,<ref name=B429_specs>[http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/bell429_prodSpecs.cfm Bell 429 product specs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322214428/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/bell429_prodSpecs.cfm |date=2007-03-22 }}. Bell Helicopter</ref> Flug Revue Bell 429 page,<ref name="Flug Revue">[http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/FRTypen/FRB429.htm Bell 429 page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717051718/http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/frtypen/FRB429.htm |date=2009-07-17 }}. Flug Revue.</ref> Aviation Week<ref name="AW & ST"/>
|ref=Bell 429 brochure,<ref name=B429_broch>[http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/pdf/429.pdf Bell 429 brochure] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419150012/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/pdf/429.pdf |date=2009-04-19}}. Bell Helicopter.</ref> Bell Helicopter 429 product specifications,<ref name=B429_specs>[http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/bell429_prodSpecs.cfm Bell 429 product specs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322214428/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/aircraft/commercial/bell429_prodSpecs.cfm |date=2007-03-22 }}. Bell Helicopter</ref> Flug Revue Bell 429 page,<ref name="Flug Revue">[http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/FRTypen/FRB429.htm Bell 429 page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717051718/http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/frtypen/FRB429.htm |date=2009-07-17 }}. Flug Revue.</ref> ''Aviation Week''<ref name="AW & ST"/>
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*'''Blade section:''' - Narramore<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
*'''Blade section:''' - Narramore<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
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*[[Airbus Helicopters H135]]
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*[[AgustaWestland AW109]]
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*[[AVIC AC332]]
*[[HAL Light Utility Helicopter]]
*[[MD Helicopters MD Explorer]]
*[[MD Helicopters MD Explorer]]


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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons and category|Bell 429|Bell 429}}
{{Commons and category|Bell 429|Bell 429}}
* [https://www.bellflight.com/products/bell-429 Bell Textron 429 Official web page]
* [https://www.bellflight.com/products/bell-429 Bell Textron 429 official web page]
<!-- * [http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=bca&id=news/bca0210p1.xml&headline=Bell%20429,%20a%20Surprisingly%20Big%20Little%20Twin Bell 429, a Surprisingly Big Little Twin]. Aviation Week #dead link# -->
<!-- * [http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=bca&id=news/bca0210p1.xml&headline=Bell%20429,%20a%20Surprisingly%20Big%20Little%20Twin Bell 429, a Surprisingly Big Little Twin]. Aviation Week #dead link# -->
<!-- * [http://www.ainonline.com/fileadmin/template/main/pdfs/PilotreporBell429.pdf Bell 429 pilot report]. Aviation International News #dead link# -->
<!-- * [http://www.ainonline.com/fileadmin/template/main/pdfs/PilotreporBell429.pdf Bell 429 pilot report]. Aviation International News #dead link# -->
<!-- * [http://www.helidropzone.ch/429tour.htm Global Ranger (Bell 429) demonstration tour]. Heli Drop Zone report about Bell 429 demo tour in Switzerland #dead link# -->
<!-- * [http://www.helidropzone.ch/429tour.htm Global Ranger (Bell 429) demonstration tour]. Heli Drop Zone report about Bell 429 demo tour in Switzerland #dead link# -->


{{JetRanger family}}
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[[Category:Twin-turbine helicopters]]
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[[Category:Aircraft with skid landing gear]]

Latest revision as of 03:34, 11 November 2024

Bell 429 GlobalRanger
A Bell 429 from Mercy Flight 5
General information
TypeMultipurpose utility helicopter
National originUnited States/Canada/South Korea[1]
ManufacturerBell Helicopter
StatusIn service
Primary usersCanadian Coast Guard
Number built325 (July 2018)[2]
History
Manufactured2007–present
Introduction date2009
First flight27 February 2007[3]
Developed fromBell 427

The Bell 429 GlobalRanger is a light, twin-engine helicopter developed by Bell Helicopter and Korea Aerospace Industries. The first flight of the prototype took place on February 27, 2007,[4] and the aircraft received type certification on July 1, 2009.[5] The Bell 429 is capable of single-pilot IFR and Runway Category A operations.[6]

Development

[edit]

The impetus for developing the Bell 429 came primarily from the emergency medical services (EMS) industry. The Bell 427 was originally intended to address this market, but the 427's small cabin size would not adequately accommodate a patient litter,[7] and the systems did not support instrument flight rules (IFR) certification. Bell's original concept for the 429 was a stretched model 427[8] (unveiled as the Bell 427s3i at the 2004 HAI helicopter show), but this still did not provide what Bell and its customer advisers were looking for.[9]

Bell abandoned the 427 airframe and went to its MAPL (Modular Affordable Product Line) concept airframe[8] that was still in conceptual development at the time. The 429 employs the all-new modular airframe concept and the advanced rotor blade design from the MAPL program, but maintains a derivative engine and rotor drive system from the 427.[10] The basic model includes a glass cockpit and is certified for single pilot IFR. Bell partnered with Korea Aerospace Industries and Mitsui Bussan Aerospace of Japan in the helicopter's development.[11]

Bell 429 at the Singapore Air Show 2010

Bell had flown most of the critical MAPL technology components, using a 427 testbed aircraft, by February 2006. The first completed 429 flew on February 27, 2007.[3] Certification was originally planned for late 2007, but program schedule delays, primarily caused by parts and material shortages common to all aviation manufacturers in that time period, caused the manufacturer to stretch the development timetable.[4] In October 2007, the external configuration was set. In February 2008, Bell had three 429s in flight testing that had completed 600 flight hours.[12] Its high-altitude testing was conducted in Colorado and its high-temperature testing in Arizona.[13]

The helicopter received type certification from Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA) on July 1, 2009,[5] and from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) by July 7, 2009.[14] EASA certification was announced at Helitech on September 24, 2009.[15] TCCA and authorities in some other countries later approved an increased weight exemption for the aircraft.[16] However, FAA and EASA disagreed with the weight exemption, which had allowed the 429 to operate for the Canadian Coast Guard.[17]

As of June 2009, the Bell 429 had received over 301 letters of intent.[18] The launch customer was Air Methods Corporation, the largest medevac provider in the United States, which took one helicopter. On July 7, 2009, this aircraft (s/n 57006) was delivered to Air Methods (owner) and MercyOne (operator) at Bell's facility in Mirabel, Quebec.[19][20]

Design

[edit]
Bell 429 cockpit

The Bell 429 has a four-blade rotor system with soft-in-plane flex beams. The rotor blades are composite and have swept tips for reduced noise. The tail rotor is made by stacking two two-blade rotors set at uneven intervals (to form an X) for reduced noise.[4] The combined cabin volume is 204 cu ft (5.78 m3) with a 130 cu ft (3.7 m3) passenger cabin and 74 cu ft (2.1 m3) baggage area,[7] with a flat floor for patient loading. A set of rear clamshell doors under the tailboom is optional for easier patient loading in EMS operations.

The 429 has a glass cockpit with a three-axis autopilot (optional fourth axis kit) and flight director as standard.[21] Standard landing gear are skids. A retractable wheel landing gear is optional and adds five knots to cruising speed.[5] The helicopter is categorized as a single-pilot IFR Category A. It is capable of operating with one engine inoperative. The main transmission is rated for 5,000 hours between overhauls and the tail rotor gearbox is rated for 3,200 hours.[7]

Operational history

[edit]

By July 2018, 325 aircraft had operated 330,000 hours for police forces, air medical teams, and militaries in 42 countries, including Australia, France, Indonesia, Kuwait, Oman, Switzerland, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Thailand, the United States, and the United Kingdom.[2]

Operators

[edit]
A Royal Australian Navy Bell 429

Military and government operators

[edit]
 Argentina
 Australia
 Canada
 Indonesia
 Jamaica
 New Zealand
A Bell 429 of the New Zealand police
 Oman
 Philippines
A Bell 429 of the Slovak police[39]
 Slovakia
 Sweden
 Thailand
 Turkey
 United Kingdom
Bell 429 with retractable wheel landing gear
 United States
 Tunisia

Other operators

[edit]

 Australia

Specifications (Bell 429)

[edit]
Cabin of a medical evacuation Bell 429

Data from Bell 429 brochure,[55] Bell Helicopter 429 product specifications,[56] Flug Revue Bell 429 page,[57] Aviation Week[7]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1 pilot
  • Capacity: 7 passengers (six in passenger compartment; one beside pilot)[7] / 2,755 lb (1,250 kg) payload
  • Length: 41 ft 8 in (12.70 m)
  • Height: 13 ft 3 in (4.04 m)
  • Cabin volume: 204 cu ft (5.78 m3)
  • Empty weight: 4,245 lb (1,925 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 7,000 lb (3,175 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 215 US gal (179 imp gal; 814 L) usable with 40 US gal (33 imp gal; 151 L) auxiliary fuel
  • Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW207D1 (or PW207D2 with fuel heater installed) turboshaft, 625 shp (466 kW) each maximum continuous
730 shp (544 kW) for take-off[7]
  • Main rotor diameter: 36 ft (11 m)
  • Main rotor area: 1,018 sq ft (94.6 m2)
  • Blade section: - Narramore[58]

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 150 kn (170 mph, 280 km/h)
  • Never exceed speed: 155 kn (178 mph, 287 km/h) [7]
  • Range: 390 nmi (450 mi, 720 km)
  • Service ceiling: 20,000 ft (6,100 m)
  • Hover ceiling IGE: 14,130 ft (4,307 m)
  • Hover ceiling OGE: 11,280 ft (3,438 m)

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Bell 429 Globalranger Place of origin countries".
  2. ^ a b "Bell 429 Celebrates Over 330,000 Hours of Operation" (Press release). Bell. 16 July 2018.
  3. ^ a b Bell 429 newsletter Archived 2008-11-18 at the Wayback Machine. Bell, March 2007.
  4. ^ a b c "Bell Flies 429, Stretches Program" Archived 2016-01-16 at the Wayback Machine. Rotor & Wing, April 2007.
  5. ^ a b c "Bell 429 Achieves Certification" Archived 2009-07-11 at the Wayback Machine. Bell Helicopter, July 1, 2009.
  6. ^ Transport Canada Type Certificate Search Archived 2009-04-15 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "Light Twin, Big Cabin", Aviation Week & Space Technology 170, 26 (June 29, 2009), p. 42.
  8. ^ a b Croft, John. "Bell Canada: composites not a grey area". Flight International, June 12, 2009.
  9. ^ AW&ST: "... but the cabin was not big enough to attract operators, particularly the emergency medical service industry."
  10. ^ Trimble, Stephen (22 October 2012). "429 GlobalRanger teaches Bell new lessons in design". Washington DC: Flightglobal. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  11. ^ "FLUG REVUE Aircraft Gallery: Bell Helicopter 429". www.flug-revue.rotor.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2005. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  12. ^ "Bell Provides 429 Program Update" Archived 2008-02-27 at the Wayback Machine. Bell Helicopter, February 22, 2008.
  13. ^ "Textron Inc - Textron's Bell Completes Major Milestone in the 429 Development". investor.textron.com. Retrieved 2016-09-15.
  14. ^ "FAA, TC Certify Bell 429" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. Rotor & Wing, July 7, 2009.
  15. ^ "Helitech 2009: Bell 429 achieves EASA Certification"[permanent dead link]. Rotorhub, September 24, 2009.
  16. ^ "Bell Still Seeking FAA Weight Exemption for 429". Rotor & Wing Magazine. Archived from the original on 2016-02-23. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
  17. ^ Stephens, Ernie. "Docs Show FAA Was Angry Over Bell's Weight Exemption Archived 2014-06-08 at the Wayback Machine" Rotor & Wing, June 3, 2014. Accessed: June 8, 2014. Archived on June 8, 2014.
  18. ^ Croft, John. "Bell: certification imminent for Bell 429 rotor rocket". Flight Daily News, June 15, 2009.
  19. ^ New model certified[permanent dead link]. Montreal Gazette, July 8, 2009.
  20. ^ Bell Presents 429 To Its First Customer Archived 2009-09-02 at the Wayback Machine. Textron website, July 16, 2009.
  21. ^ "Bell Helicopter's Bell 429 | Business Jet Traveler". bjtonline.com. February 2010. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
  22. ^ a b c d e "Bell 429 in Provincial Governments in Argentina". helis.com. 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  23. ^ "Policia de la Provincia de Entre Rios". helis.com. 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  24. ^ "World Air Forces 2018". Flightglobal Insight. 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  25. ^ "Raytheon to provide Bell 429s for interim RAN aircrew training". Australian Aviation. September 19, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
  26. ^ "New POLAIR fleet takes to the sky with official launch of Bell 429 helicopters". Ministerial Media Statements. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  27. ^ "Miles Doing What Matters: POLAIR boost to keep Queenslanders safe". Ministerial Media Statements. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  28. ^ "Canadian Coast Guard Accepts New Light-Lift Helicopter in Shearwater, Nova Scotia". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  29. ^ "Bell 429 selected for Canadian Coast Guard". verticalmag.com. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  30. ^ Johnson, Oliver (5 January 2018). "Better, Faster, Stronger: The Canadian Coast Guard's new helicopter fleet". Vertical Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  31. ^ "Bell-429 GlobalRanger, Armada Helikopter Terbaru Polisi Udara". airspace-review.com. 10 September 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  32. ^ "Jamaican military introduces Bell 429". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  33. ^ Sanchez, Alejandro (23 November 2018). "Jamaica receives helos and MPA for national surveillance". IHS Jane's 360. Washington, DC. Archived from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  34. ^ "Police unveil new Eagle helicopters for Air Support Unit". New Zealand Police (Press release). 12 July 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  35. ^ "Jane's by IHS Markit". janes.ihs.com. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
  36. ^ Binnie, Jeremy (27 March 2017). "Oman receives Bell 429 helicopter". IHS Jane's 360. London. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  37. ^ Pulta, Benjamin (16 April 2018). "Bato breaks in new PNP helicopter". Philippine News Agency. Philippine government. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  38. ^ Third Anne Peralta-Malonzo (20 November 2020). "PNP acquires 3 more helicopters". SunStar. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  39. ^ a.s., Petit Press. "Pád policajného vrtuľníka v Prešove neprežili dvaja hasiči". domov.sme.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  40. ^ "Bell Helicopter expressed regret following crash"
  41. ^ "Bell 429 celebrates over 330,000 hours of operation". Bell Textron Inc. (Press release). 16 July 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  42. ^ "Bell Helicopter announces the delivery of seven Bell 429s to the Swedish National Police". Bell Textron Inc. (Press release). 18 May 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  43. ^ Gordon, Susan (8 August 2012). "Bell 429 receives increased weight approval in Thailand". Textron. Fort Worth, Texas. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  44. ^ "Bell Helicopter Participates in Royal Thai Police Office of Logistics Anniversary Event". Bell Helicopter. September 2016. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  45. ^ "Royal Thai Police". Helis.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  46. ^ "Sayfalar - Bell 429 Album". Archived from the original on 2014-05-06. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
  47. ^ "New Helicopter: Wiltshire Air Ambulance". Archived from the original on 2015-06-08. Retrieved 2015-06-17.
  48. ^ "State Police add 2 Helicopters to fleet". wdel.com. Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  49. ^ "Bell Helicopter Delivers Model 429 To Fairfax County Police Department". aero-news.net. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  50. ^ "New York Police Department Aviation Division". www.policehelicopterpilot.com. Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  51. ^ "Arizona Department of Public Safety signs purchase agreement for Bell 429" (Press release). Dallas, Texas: Bell Helicopter. 7 March 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-03-12. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  52. ^ "Department of Health of Puerto Rico Selects the Bell 429 for Medical Operations" (Press release). Bell Helicopter. 12 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-04-22. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  53. ^ "List of 429 in Tunisia". helis.com. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  54. ^ "Home 🚁 Blesk Aviation". 2022-02-24. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  55. ^ Bell 429 brochure Archived 2009-04-19 at the Wayback Machine. Bell Helicopter.
  56. ^ Bell 429 product specs Archived 2007-03-22 at the Wayback Machine. Bell Helicopter
  57. ^ Bell 429 page Archived 2009-07-17 at the Wayback Machine. Flug Revue.
  58. ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
[edit]
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