Samut Sakhon province: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Province of Thailand}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} |
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{{short description|Province of Thailand}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name |
| name = Samut Sakhon |
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| native_name |
| native_name = สมุทรสาคร |
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| native_name_lang |
| native_name_lang = th |
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| settlement_type |
| settlement_type = [[Provinces of Thailand|Province]] |
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| translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|zh-hant|龍仔厝}} ''lê̬ng giăn cu'' {{font|size=70%|([[Peng'im]])}} |
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| image_skyline = {{Photomontage|photo1a=ศาลพันท้ายนรสิงห์ (ศาลใหม่) 04.jpg|photo2a=Samutsakorn Salt Field 2.jpg|size=280|spacing=1|color=Transparent|border=0}} |
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| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Teochew Min|Teochew]] |
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| image_alt = |
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| translit_lang1 = Other |
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| image_caption = Idol and offerings of [[Phanthai Norasing]], a legendary steersman in [[Ayutthaya period]] who sacrificed his own life to offer loyalty to the [[Suriyenthrathibodi|King]], Samut Sakhon is believed to be the place where he was executed (above), [[Salt farming]] in Samut Sakhon (below) |
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| image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center |
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| nickname = Mahachai |
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| photo1a = ศาลพันท้ายนรสิงห์ (ศาลใหม่) 04.jpg |
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| motto = |
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| photo1b = Samutsakorn Salt Field 2.jpg |
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| image_flag = Flag Samut Sakhon Province.png |
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| photo2a = Phanthai Norasing, Mueang Samut Sakhon District, Samut Sakhon, Thailand - panoramio (1).jpg |
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| image_seal = Seal Samut Sakhon.png |
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| photo2b = 【泰國】行程規畫 (30676603610).jpg |
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| image_map = Thailand Samut Sakhon locator map.svg |
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| photo3a =เรือข้ามฟาก มหาชัย-ท่าฉลอม - panoramio.jpg |
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| mapsize = frameless |
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| photo3b = Ban Laem Railway Station.jpg |
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| map_alt = |
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| size = 270 |
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| map_caption = Map of Thailand highlighting Samut Sakhon Province |
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| spacing = 1 |
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| coordinates = |
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| color = white |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| border = 0 |
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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}} |
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| subdivision_name = [[Thailand]] |
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| |
| image_alt = |
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| image_caption = (Clockwise from top left) [[Phan Thai Norasing]] Shrine; [[Salt farming]] in Samut Sakhon; Mahachai seafood market; Ban Laem railway station, the origin of [[Maeklong Railway]] (second phase); Mahachai–[[Tha Chalom]] ferry; [[Red Boardwalk Bridge|Red Bridge]] |
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| seat = [[Mueang Samut Sakhon]] |
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| |
| nickname = Mahachai (Thai: มหาชัย) |
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| motto = เมืองประมง ดงโรงงาน ลานเกษตร เขตประวัติศาสตร์ <Br> ("City of fisheries. District of factories. Fields of farming. Historical area.") |
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| leader_title = Governor |
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| image_flag = ธงจังหวัดสมุทรสาคร.svg |
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| leader_name = Wirasak Wichitsaengsi<br>(since October 2019)<ref>{{cite journal |date=28 September 2019 |title=ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง แต่งตั้งข้าราชการพลเรือนสามัญ |trans-title=Announcement of the Prime Minister's Office regarding the appointment of civil servants |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2562/E/242/T_0006.PDF |access-date=24 November 2019 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=136 |issue=Special 242 Ngor |at=27}}</ref> |
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| image_seal = Seal Samut Sakhon.png |
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="AREA">{{cite report |title=Advancing Human Development through the ASEAN Community, Thailand Human Development Report 2014, table 0:Basic Data |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/thailand_nhdr_2014_O.pdf |publisher=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Thailand |pages=134-135 |access-date=17 January 2016 |isbn=978-974-680-368-7 |postscript=, Data has been supplied by Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, at Wayback Machine.}}{{dead link|date=March 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |
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| |
| image_map = Thailand Samut Sakhon locator map.svg |
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| |
| mapsize = frameless |
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| |
| map_alt = |
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| |
| map_caption = Map of Thailand highlighting Samut Sakhon province |
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| coordinates = |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="DOPA">{{cite web |url=https://www.bora.dopa.go.th/index.php/th/ |title=สถิติทางการทะเบียน |trans-title=Registration statistics |date=December 2019 |website=bora.dopa.go.th |publisher=Department of Provincial Administration (DOPA) |access-date=22 September 2020 |quote=Download จำนวนประชากร ปี พ.ศ.2562 - Download population year 2019}}</ref> |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| population_total = 577,964 |
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| population_as_of = 2018 |
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| subdivision_name = [[Thailand]] |
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| seat_type = Capital |
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| population_density_km2 = 662 |
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| seat = [[Mueang Samut Sakhon district|Mueang Samut Sakhon]] |
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| leader_party = |
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| leader_title = Governor |
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| leader_name = Narit Niramaiwong<br/>(since April 2024) |
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="AREA">{{cite report |title=Advancing Human Development through the ASEAN Community, Thailand Human Development Report 2014, table 0:Basic Data |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/thailand_nhdr_2014_O.pdf |publisher=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Thailand |pages=134–135 |access-date=17 January 2016 |isbn=978-974-680-368-7 |postscript=, Data has been supplied by Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, at Wayback Machine.}}{{dead link|date=March 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |
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| area_total_km2 = 872 |
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| area_rank = [[Provinces of Thailand|Ranked 73rd]] |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="DOPA">{{cite web |url=https://www.bora.dopa.go.th/index.php/th/ |title=สถิติทางการทะเบียน |trans-title=Registration statistics |date=December 2019 |website=bora.dopa.go.th |publisher=Department of Provincial Administration (DOPA) |access-date=22 September 2020 |quote=Download จำนวนประชากร ปี พ.ศ.2562 - Download population year 2019}}</ref> |
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| population_total = 584,703 |
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| population_as_of = 2019 |
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| population_rank = [[Provinces of Thailand|Ranked 44th]] |
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| population_density_km2 = 662 |
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| population_density_rank = [[Provinces of Thailand|Ranked 6th]] |
| population_density_rank = [[Provinces of Thailand|Ranked 6th]] |
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| population_demonym |
| population_demonym = |
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| population_note |
| population_note = |
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| demographics_type2 = GDP |
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| demographics_type1 = Human Achievement Index |
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| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="NESDB-2017">{{cite journal|title=''Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition''|journal=<> |date=July 2019|url=https://www.nesdc.go.th/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=5628&filename=gross_regional|access-date=22 January 2020|publisher=Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC)|language=en|issn=1686-0799}}</ref> |
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| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="HAI 2560">[[:File:Human achievement index 2017.pdf|Human achievement index 2017 by National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB), pages 1-40, maps 1-9, retrieved 14 September 2019, ISBN 978-974-9769-33-1]]</ref> |
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| demographics2_title1 = Total |
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| demographics1_title1 = HAI (2017) |
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| demographics2_info1 = [[baht]] 398 billion<br />([[US$]]13.1 billion) (2019) |
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| demographics1_info1 = 0.6175 "somewhat high"<br/>[[Samut Sakhon Province#Human achievement index 2017|Ranked 19th]] |
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| demographics_type1 = Human Achievement Index |
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| timezone1 = [[Time in Thailand|ICT]] |
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| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="HAI 2565">{{cite web |url=https://www.nesdc.go.th/main.php?filename=Social_HAI |department=Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC)|title=ข้อมูลสถิติดัชนีความก้าวหน้าของคน ปี 2565 (PDF) |language=thai |trans-title=Human Achievement Index Databook year 2022 (PDF) |access-date=12 March 2024 |postscript= , page 75}}</ref> |
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| utc_offset1 = +7 |
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| demographics1_title1 = HAI (2022) |
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| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Thailand|Postal code]] |
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| demographics1_info1 = 0.6101 "low"<br/>[[#Human achievement index 2022|Ranked 74th]] |
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| postal_code = 74xxx |
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| timezone1 = [[Time in Thailand|ICT]] |
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| utc_offset1 = +7 |
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| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Thailand|Postal code]] |
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| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:TH|TH-74]] |
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| postal_code = 74xxx |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.samutsakhon.go.th}} |
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| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Thailand|Calling code]] |
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| footnotes = |
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| area_code = 034 |
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| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:TH|TH-74]] |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.samutsakhon.go.th}} |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Samut Sakhon''' ({{ |
'''Samut Sakhon''' ({{langx|th|สมุทรสาคร}}, {{IPA|th|sā.mùt sǎː.kʰɔ̄ːn|pron}}) is one of the central [[Provinces of Thailand|provinces]] (''changwat'') of [[Thailand]], located along the coast of the Gulf of Thailand. In 2019, it had a population of 584,703,<ref name=":0" /> and an area of 872 km²,<ref name=":1" /> making it the 33rd most populated province whilst being the 4th smallest. Neighboring provinces are (from the southwest clockwise) [[Samut Songkhram province|Samut Songkhram]], [[Ratchaburi province|Ratchaburi]], [[Nakhon Pathom province|Nakhon Pathom]], and [[Bangkok]]. Samut Sakhon is part of the [[Bangkok Metropolitan Region]]. |
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Neighboring provinces are (from the southwest clockwise) [[Samut Songkhram Province|Samut Songkhram]], [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]], [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]], and [[Bangkok]]. Samut Sakhon is part of the [[Bangkok Metropolitan Region]]. |
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==Toponymy== |
==Toponymy== |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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Samut Sakhon is at the mouth of the Tha Chin Klong River, a distributary of the [[Chao Phraya River]], to the [[Gulf of Thailand]]. At the coast are many salt pans used for harvesting [[sea salt]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samutsakhon.go.th |website=samutsakhon.go.th |title=Geographic information |date=2014 |department=Samut Sakhon province |access-date=20 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825153215/http://www.samutsakhon.go.th/ |archive-date=25 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
Samut Sakhon is at the mouth of the Tha Chin Klong River, a distributary of the [[Chao Phraya River]], to the [[Gulf of Thailand]]. At the coast are many salt pans used for harvesting [[sea salt]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://www.samutsakhon.go.th |website=samutsakhon.go.th |title=Geographic information |date=2014 |department=Samut Sakhon province |access-date=20 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825153215/http://www.samutsakhon.go.th/ |archive-date=25 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The total forest area is {{convert|42|km²|abbr=on}} or 4.9 percent of provincial area.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://www.forest.go.th |title=ตารางที่ 2 พี้นที่ป่าไม้ แยกรายจังหวัด พ.ศ.2562 |year=2019 |department=Royal Forest Department |language=Thai |trans-title=Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019 |access-date=6 April 2021 |postscript=, information, Forest statistics Year 2019}}</ref> |
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===Climate=== |
===Climate=== |
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Samut |
Samut Sakhon province has a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] category Aw). Winters are dry and warm. Temperatures rise until May. The monsoon season runs from May through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm. Climatological data for the period 1981–2010: Maximum temperature is 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) in April and May and the lowest temperature is 12.0 °C (53.6 °F) in December. The highest average temperature is 35.4 °C (95.7 °F) in April and the minimum average temperature is 22.0 °C (71.6 °F) in December. Mean annual rainfall is 1648 millimeters. The maximum daily rainfall is 248 millimeters in May. Mean rainy days average 130 days per year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Climatological data for the period 1981–2010 |year=2011 |pages=16–17 |website=Thai Meteorological Department |url=http://www.climate.tmd.go.th/content/file/75 |access-date=24 November 2019 |postscript=, Data are from nearest weather station Bangkok (32 km)}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The oldest name of the area is ''Tha Chin'' ('Chinese pier'), probably referring to the fact that it was a trading port where Chinese [[Junk (ship)|junks]] arrived.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Samut Sakhon|url=https://www.tourismthailand.org/About-Thailand/Destination/Samut-Sakhon|website=Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT)| |
The oldest name of the area is ''Tha Chin'' ('Chinese pier'), probably referring to the fact that it was a trading port where Chinese [[Junk (ship)|junks]] arrived.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Samut Sakhon|url=https://www.tourismthailand.org/About-Thailand/Destination/Samut-Sakhon|website=Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT)|access-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422140827/https://www.tourismthailand.org/About-Thailand/Destination/Samut-Sakhon|archive-date=22 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1548 the city Sakhon Buri was established, and was renamed ''Mahachai'' in 1704 after the [[Khlong Mahachai]] which was dug then and connected with the Tha Chin River near the town. King [[Mongkut]] gave it its current name, but the old name ''Mahachai'' is still sometimes used by locals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samutsakhon.go.th |title=History |date=2014 |website=Samut Sakhon province |access-date=20 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825153215/http://www.samutsakhon.go.th/ |archive-date=25 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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It was established by the [[s:Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon, and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946)|Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon, and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946)]], which came into force on 9 May 1946.<ref>{{cite journal |date=9 May 1946 |script-title=th:พระราชบัญญัติจัดตั้งจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ จังหวัดนนทบุรี จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร และจังหวัดนครนายก พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๙ |trans-title=Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946) |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2489/A/029/315.PDF |url-status=dead |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=63 |issue=29 Kor |pages=315–317 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409014726/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2489/A/029/315.PDF |archive-date=9 April 2008 |access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref> |
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==Economy and environment== |
==Economy and environment== |
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Formerly an agricultural- and fisheries-based province, Samut Sakhon in 2020 has more than 6,000 factories, most of them small, employing fewer than 50 workers, and too small to warrant much attention from Thailand's Pollution Control Department (PCD). Small firms lack the budgets to install the environmental gear that would help protect the environment. As a result, Samut Sakhon is one of the most polluted provinces in the nation.<ref name="BP-20200209">{{cite news |last1=Kongrut |first1=Anchalee |title=Pollution taints seaside community's prosperity |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/special-reports/1853759/pollution-taints-seaside-communitys-prosperity | |
Formerly an agricultural- and fisheries-based province, Samut Sakhon in 2020 has more than 6,000 factories, most of them small, employing fewer than 50 workers, and too small to warrant much attention from Thailand's Pollution Control Department (PCD). Small firms lack the budgets to install the environmental gear that would help protect the environment. As a result, Samut Sakhon is one of the most polluted provinces in the nation.<ref name="BP-20200209">{{cite news |last1=Kongrut |first1=Anchalee |title=Pollution taints seaside community's prosperity |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/special-reports/1853759/pollution-taints-seaside-communitys-prosperity |access-date=10 February 2020 |work=Bangkok Post |date=9 February 2020}}</ref> |
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Soil and water samples from the industrial area of Mueang District were found to be contaminated with high levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, copper, and nickel. High levels of [[persistent organic pollutants]] (POPS), byproducts of industrial processes, were present in eggs from free-range chickens. An egg tested by researchers was found to have 84 [[nanogram]]s per kilogram of [[dioxin]]s and [[furan]]s, a level 33 times higher than the safety limit observed by the European Union.<ref name="BP-20200209" /> |
Soil and water samples from the industrial area of Mueang District were found to be contaminated with high levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, copper, and nickel. High levels of [[persistent organic pollutants]] (POPS), byproducts of industrial processes, were present in eggs from free-range chickens. An egg tested by researchers was found to have 84 [[nanogram]]s per kilogram of [[dioxin]]s and [[furan]]s, a level 33 times higher than the safety limit observed by the European Union.<ref name="BP-20200209" /> |
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The most polluted air in Thailand in 2018 was found to be in Samut Sakhon |
The most polluted air in Thailand in 2018 was found to be in Samut Sakhon province.<ref>{{cite web |title=World most polluted cities 2018 (PM2.5) |url=https://www.airvisual.com/world-most-polluted-cities?continent=59af92b13e70001c1bd78e53&country=ojMamZmrb6CN4tm9n&state=&page=1&perPage=50&cities= |website=AirVisual |access-date=13 September 2019}}</ref> According to the PCD, the level of [[Particulates|PM<sub>2.5</sub>]] in the provincial atmosphere in 2019 was unusually high, measuring as high as 195 [[microgram]]s per cubic metre (μg/m<sup>3</sup>). During the air pollution "season" of 2018–2019, PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels exceeded the PCD's safe threshold of 50 μg/m<sup>3</sup> for 41 days.<ref name="BP-20200209" /> |
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Samut Sakhon is a leading sea salt producer. According to a survey in 2011, 12,572 [[Rai (area)|rai]] of salt pans were managed by 242 families in Samut Sakhon.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wattanavanitvut|first1=Phongthai|title=Salt industry prepares for a shake-up|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1082728/salt-industry-prepares-for-a-shake-up|access-date=10 September 2016|work=Bangkok Post|date=10 September 2016}}</ref> |
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== Health == |
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[[Samut Sakhon Hospital]] is the main hospital of Samut Sakhon province, operated by the [[Ministry of Public Health (Thailand)|Ministry of Public Health]]. The ministry also operates a general hospital, [[Krathum Baen Hospital]] in Krathum Baen district. |
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Ban Phaeo is served by [[Ban Phaeo General Hospital]], the only hospital public organisation in Thailand. |
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== Transportation == |
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Samut Sakhon is a leading sea salt producer. According to a survey in 2011, 12,572 [[Rai (area)|rai]] of salt pans were managed by 242 families in Samut Sakhon.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wattanavanitvut|first1=Phongthai|title=Salt industry prepares for a shake-up|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1082728/salt-industry-prepares-for-a-shake-up|accessdate=10 September 2016|work=Bangkok Post|date=10 September 2016}}</ref> |
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Samut Sakhon is along the [[Maeklong Railway]], operated by the [[State Railway of Thailand]] and is served by [[Mahachai railway station]] on the east bank of the Tha Chin River and [[Ban Laem railway station]] on the west bank. |
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==Symbols== |
==Symbols== |
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[[File:Provincial Brand.png|right|100px|thumb|Brand]] |
[[File:Provincial Brand.png|right|100px|thumb|Brand]] |
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The [[Seals of the provinces of Thailand|provincial seal]] shows a [[Chinese junk]] in front of the coast, with a factory and a smoking chimney in the background. Both refer to the old trading tradition as well as the local industries. |
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The [[Seals of The Provinces of Thailand|provincial seal]] shows a [[Chinese junk]] in front of the coast, with a factory and a smoking chimney in the background. Both refer to the old trading tradition as well as the local industries.<br>The [[list of Thai flags#Provincial flags|provincial flag]] is horizontally divided pink/light blue/pink (1:3:1) the provincial seal in the middle.<br>The provincial brand is a picture of a white factory, a fishing boat, a fish and blue water and a green leaf.<br>The provincial tree is commonly called blackboard tree or devil's tree (''[[Alstonia scholaris]]''). <br>The provincial aquatic animal is ''[[Pholas orientalis]]'', a bivalve that found in the Gulf of Thailand and Tha Chin estuary especially in the area of the province.<br> The provincial [[slogan]] is "Fishing city, factory town, agricultural ground, historic site".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samutsakhon.go.th/en/aboutus.html |title=About Us |date=2014 |website=Samut Sakhon Province |access-date=20 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101115623/http://www.samutsakhon.go.th/en/aboutus.html |archive-date=1 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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The [[list of Thai flags#Provincial flags|provincial flag]] is horizontally divided pink/light blue/pink (1:3:1) the provincial seal in the middle. |
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The provincial brand is a picture of a white factory, a fishing boat, a fish and blue water and a green leaf. |
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The [[list of Thai provincial trees|provincial tree]] is commonly called blackboard tree or devil's tree (''[[Alstonia scholaris]]''). |
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The provincial aquatic animal is the [[short mackerel]] (''[[Rastrelliger brachysoma]]'') what with Samut Sakhon is the first province to have short mackerel fishing and has the largest amount of this species of fish caught in Thailand. |
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The provincial [[slogan]] is "Fishing city, factory town, agricultural ground, historic site".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samutsakhon.go.th/en/aboutus.html |title=About Us |date=2014 |website=Samut Sakhon province |access-date=20 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101115623/http://www.samutsakhon.go.th/en/aboutus.html |archive-date=1 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==Administrative divisions== |
==Administrative divisions== |
||
[[File:Districts Samut Sakhon.png|right|280px|thumb|Map of Samut Sakhon province with districts]] |
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===Provincial government=== |
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[[Image:Amphoe Samut Sakhon.svg|right|280px|thumb|Map of Samut Sakhon districts]] |
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[[File:Municipal Areas in Samut Sakhon Province EN.png|280px|thumb|{{legend|#FA4526|City municipalities (''thesaban nakhon'')}} |
[[File:Municipal Areas in Samut Sakhon Province EN.png|280px|thumb|{{legend|#FA4526|City municipalities (''thesaban nakhon'')}} |
||
{{legend|#FFA20C|Town municipalities (''thesaban mueang'')}} |
{{legend|#FFA20C|Town municipalities (''thesaban mueang'')}} |
||
{{legend|#FFF600|Subdistrict municipalities (''thesaban tambon'')}}]] |
{{legend|#FFF600|Subdistrict municipalities (''thesaban tambon'')}}]] |
||
The province is divided into three districts (''[[amphoe]]s''). The districts are further subdivided into 40 subdistricts (''[[tambon]]s'') and 290 villages (''[[muban]]s'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samutsakhon.go.th |website=samutsakhon.go.th |title=Governance |date=2014 |department=Samut Sakhon province |access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref> |
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===Provincial government=== |
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#[[Mueang Samut Sakhon District|Mueang Samut Sakhon]] |
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The province is divided into three districts (''[[Districts of Thailand|amphoe]]s''). The districts are further subdivided into 40 subdistricts (''[[tambon]]s'') and 290 villages (''[[muban]]s'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samutsakhon.go.th |website=samutsakhon.go.th |title=Governance |date=2014 |department=Samut Sakhon province |access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref> |
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#[[Krathum Baen District|Krathum Baen]] |
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#[[Mueang Samut Sakhon district|Mueang Samut Sakhon]] |
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#[[Ban Phaeo District|Ban Phaeo]]. |
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#[[Krathum Baen district|Krathum Baen]] |
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#[[Ban Phaeo district|Ban Phaeo]]. |
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===Local government=== |
===Local government=== |
||
As of 19 December 2019 there are: |
As of 19 December 2019 there are: one Samut Sakhon Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO) (''{{lang|th-Latn|ongkan borihan suan changwat}}'') and fifteen municipal (''[[thesaban]]'') areas in the province. The capital Samut Sakhon and Om Noi have city (''[[thesaban nakhon]]'') status. Two have town (''[[thesaban mueang]]'') status and eleven are subdistrict municipalities (''[[thesaban tambon]]'').<ref name="DOPA"/> |
||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: |
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:6%; | |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:32%;"|'''City municipalities''' |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:12%;"|'''people''' |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:6%;" | |
||
| scope="col" style="width:32%;"| |
|||
| scope="col" style="width:12%;"| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| scope="row" |
| scope="row" | 1 |
||
| [[Samut Sakhon]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=10 November 1999 |title=พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลนครสมุทรสาคร จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร พ.ศ.๒๕๔๒ |trans-title=Royal Decree Establish of Thesaban Nakhon Samut Sakhon, Samut Sakhon Province B.E.2542 |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2542/A/110/2.PDF |access-date=20 November 2019 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=116 |issue=110 Kor |pages= |
| [[Samut Sakhon]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=10 November 1999 |title=พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลนครสมุทรสาคร จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร พ.ศ.๒๕๔๒ |trans-title=Royal Decree Establish of Thesaban Nakhon Samut Sakhon, Samut Sakhon Province B.E.2542 |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2542/A/110/2.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110195109/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2542/A/110/2.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 November 2011 |access-date=20 November 2019 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=116 |issue=110 Kor |pages=2–5}}</ref> |
||
| 67,515 |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 2 |
|||
| 2 |
|||
| [[Om Noi]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=27 December 2010 |title=เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะ เทศบาลเมืองอ้อมน้อย อำเภอกระทุ่มแขน จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร เป็นเทศบาลนครอ้อมน้อย |trans-title=Announcement from the Ministry of interior Re: Change of Thesaban Mueang Om Noi, Amphoe Krathum Baen, Changwat Samut Sakhon Is Thesaban Nakhon Om Noi |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2553/E/149/45.PDF |access-date=20 November 2019 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=127 |issue=Special Section 149 Ngor |page=45}}</ref> |
|||
| [[Om Noi]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=27 December 2010 |title=เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะ เทศบาลเมืองอ้อมน้อย อำเภอกระทุ่มแขน จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร เป็นเทศบาลนครอ้อมน้อย |trans-title=Announcement from the Ministry of interior Re: Change of Thesaban Mueang Om Noi, Amphoe Krathum Baen, Changwat Samut Sakhon Is Thesaban Nakhon Om Noi |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2553/E/149/45.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110195017/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2553/E/149/45.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 November 2011 |access-date=20 November 2019 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=127 |issue=Special Section 149 Ngor |page=45}}</ref> |
|||
| 53,978 |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: |
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:6%;" | |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:32%;"|'''Town municipalities''' |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:12%;"|'''people''' |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:6%;" | |
||
| scope="col" style="width:32%;"| |
|||
| scope="col" style="width:12%;"| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| scope="row" |
| scope="row" | 1 |
||
| [[Krathum Baen]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=24 September 1995 |title=พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลนเมืองกระทุ่มแบน จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร พ.ศ.๒๕๓๘ |trans-title=Royal Decree Establish of Thesaban Mueang Krathum Baen, Samut Sakhon Province B.E.2538 |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2538/A/040/62.PDF |access-date=20 November 2019 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=112 |issue=40 Kor |pages= |
| [[Krathum Baen]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=24 September 1995 |title=พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลนเมืองกระทุ่มแบน จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร พ.ศ.๒๕๓๘ |trans-title=Royal Decree Establish of Thesaban Mueang Krathum Baen, Samut Sakhon Province B.E.2538 |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2538/A/040/62.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128051545/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2538/A/040/62.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 November 2019 |access-date=20 November 2019 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=112 |issue=40 Kor |pages=62–65}}</ref> |
||
| 27,827 |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 2 |
|||
| 2 |
|||
| Khlong Maduea.<ref>{{cite journal |date=19 December 2019 |title=ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง จัดตั้งองค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลคลองมะเดื่อ อำเภอกระทุ่มแบน จังหวัดสมุทสาคร เป็นเทศบาเมืองคลองมะเดื่อ |trans-title=Notification of the Ministry of Interior Re: Establishment of Khlong Maduea Subdistrict Administrative Organization Amphoe Krathum Baen Changwat Samut Sakhon is Thesaban Mueang Khlong Maduea |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2562/E/309/T_0023.PDF |access-date=22 December 2019 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=136 |issue=Special 309 Ngor |page=23}}</ref> |
|||
| Khlong Maduea.<ref>{{cite journal |date=19 December 2019 |title=ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง จัดตั้งองค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลคลองมะเดื่อ อำเภอกระทุ่มแบน จังหวัดสมุทสาคร เป็นเทศบาเมืองคลองมะเดื่อ |trans-title=Notification of the Ministry of Interior Re: Establishment of Khlong Maduea Subdistrict Administrative Organization Amphoe Krathum Baen Changwat Samut Sakhon is Thesaban Mueang Khlong Maduea |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2562/E/309/T_0023.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219131355/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2562/E/309/T_0023.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=22 December 2019 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=136 |issue=Special 309 Ngor |page=23}}</ref> |
|||
| 22,265 |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
{| class="wikitable" style= "width: |
{| class="wikitable" style= "width:60%;" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:6%;" | |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:32%;"|'''Subdistrict mun.''' |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:12%:"|'''people''' |
||
| scope="col" style="width: |
| scope="col" style="width:6%;" | 6 |
||
| scope="col" style="width:32%;"|Khok Krabue<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.khokkrabue.go.th |title=ตราสัญลัทษณ์ |language=th |trans-title=Emblem |year=2020 |website=khokkrabue.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=The emblem mentions: เทศบาลตำบลคอกกระบือ - Khok Krabue subdistrict municipality.}}</ref> |
|||
| scope="col" style="width:12%;"| 9,869 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| scope="row" |
| scope="row" | 1 |
||
| Lak Ha<ref name="SANITATION">{{cite journal |date=24 February 1999 |title=พระราชบัญญัติ เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะของสุขาภิบาลเป็นเทศบาล พ.ศ.๒๕๔๒ |trans-title=Royal Decree: Change Sanitation district to Municipality Act B.E. 2542 (1999) |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2542/A/009/1.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409014432/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2542/A/009/1.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 April 2008 |access-date=28 October 2020 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=116 |issue=9 Kor |pages=1–4 |quote=Sanitation districts Lak Ha, Bang Pla, Kaset Phatthana and Ban Phaeo are upgraded to subdistrict municipality, effectively 25 May 1999}}</ref> |
|||
| 41,958 |
|||
| 7 |
|||
| Khae Rai<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.khaerai.go.th |title=ตราสัญลัทษณ์ |language=th |trans-title=Emblem |year=2020 |website=khaerai.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=The emblem mentions: ทต.แคราย - Khae Rai subdistrict municipality.}}</ref> |
|||
| 8,708 |
|||
|- |
|||
| scope="row" | 2 |
|||
| Suan Luang<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.suanluang.go.th |title=ประวัติความเป็นมา |language=th |trans-title=History |year=2020 |website=suanluang.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=Established Suan Luang SAO, Krathum Baen district, Samut Sakhon province is Suan Luang subdistrict municipality on 18 January 2008.}}</ref> |
|||
| 34,200 |
|||
| 8 |
|||
| Don Kai Di<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dla.go.th/work/abt/index.jsp |title=Number of local government organizations: Summary elevating local authorities. |date=20 September 2011 |website=dla.go.th |publisher=Department of Local Administration (DLA) |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=No.4.47 Established Don Kai Di Subdistrict Administrative Organization (SAO), Krathum Baen district, Samut Sakhon province is Don Kai Di subdistrict municipality, effectively 30 September 2011.}}</ref> |
|||
| 7,881 |
|||
|- |
|||
| scope="row" | 3 |
|||
| Na Di |
| Na Di |
||
| 27,733 |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 6 |
|||
| 9 |
|||
| Don Kai |
|||
| Bang Pla<ref name="SANITATION"/> |
|||
| 6,869 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| scope="row" |
| scope="row" | 4 |
||
| Bang Ya Phraek |
| Bang Ya Phraek |
||
| 25,058 |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 7 |
|||
| 10 |
|||
| Khae Rai |
|||
| Kaset Phatthana<ref name="SANITATION"/> |
|||
| 5,178 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| scope="row" |
| scope="row" | 5 |
||
| Tha Chin |
| Tha Chin |
||
| 12,518 |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"|8 |
|||
| |
| 11 |
||
| Ban Phaeo<ref name="SANITATION"/> |
|||
| 3,242 |
|||
|} |
|||
The non-municipal areas are administered by 22 Subdistrict Administrative<br/> |
|||
Organizations (SAO) (''ongkan borihan suan tambon'').<ref>Department of Provincial Administration (DOPA), List of 5,324 SAO's information as of date 20 December 2019, 22 SAO's (no.4196-4218) were established in 1995 (9), in 1996 (1) and in 1997 (12).</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;" |
|||
|- |
|||
| scope="col" style="width:6%;" | |
|||
| scope="col" style="width:39%;"|'''Municipality''' |
|||
| scope="col" style="width:35%; text-align:center;"|'''Communities''' |
|||
| scope="col" style="width:20%; text-align:center;"|'''Groups''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| scope="row"| |
|||
| Samut Sakhon<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sakhoncity.go.th |title=รายชื่อชุมชนในเขตเทศบาลนครสมุทรสาคร |language=th |trans-title=List of communities in the Samut Sakhon Municipality |year=2020 |website=sakhoncity.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=32 communities in 3 groups.}}</ref> |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| 32 |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| 3 |
|||
|- |
|||
| scope="row"| |
|||
| Om Noi<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.omnoi.go.th |title=ชุมชน |language=th |trans-title=Communities |year=2020 |website=omnoi.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=28 communities.}}</ref> |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| 28 |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| - |
|||
|- |
|||
| scope="row"| |
|||
| Krathum Baen<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ktb.go.th |title=ชุมชน |language=th |trans-title=Communities |year=2020 |website=ktb.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=9 communities.}}</ref> |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| 9 |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| - |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| scope="row |
| scope="row"| |
||
| Khlong Maduea<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.klongmadua.go.th |title=ข้อมูลชุมชน |language=th |trans-title=Community information |year=2020 |website=klongmadua.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=11 communities.}}</ref> |
|||
| Bang Pla |
|||
| style="text-align: |
| style="text-align:center;"| 11 |
||
| style="text-align:center;"| - |
|||
| Kaset Phatthana |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| scope="row |
| scope="row"| |
||
| Suan Luang<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.suanluang.go.th |title=สภาพทั่วไป |language=th |trans-title=General condition |year=2020 |website=suanluang.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=14 communities.}}</ref> |
|||
| Suan Luang |
|||
| style="text-align: |
| style="text-align:center;"| 14 |
||
| style="text-align:center;"| - |
|||
| Ban Phaeo |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
The non-municipal areas are administered by 23 Subdistrict Administrative Organizations (SAO) (''ongkan borihan suan tambon''). |
|||
==Human achievement index |
==Human achievement index 2022== |
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{| class="wikitable floatright" style="width:400px;" |
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="width:400px;" |
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|- |
|- |
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| Line 169: | Line 261: | ||
| [[File:Numismatics and Notaphily icon.png|100px]] |
| [[File:Numismatics and Notaphily icon.png|100px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| |
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 31 |
||
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| |
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 59 |
||
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| |
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 11 |
||
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| |
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 7 |
||
|- |
|- |
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| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| Housing |
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| Housing |
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| Line 184: | Line 276: | ||
| [[File:Icon Sociopolítica y relaciones internacionales (wikiproyect, es.wp).png|90px]] |
| [[File:Icon Sociopolítica y relaciones internacionales (wikiproyect, es.wp).png|90px]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| |
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 77 |
||
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| |
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 9 |
||
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| |
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 3 |
||
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| |
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 72 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="4"; style="background:black; color:white;"| Province Samut Sakhon, with an HAI |
| colspan="4"; style="background:black; color:white;"| Province Samut Sakhon, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6101 is "low", occupies place 74 in the ranking. |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the [[Human achievement index]] (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.<ref name="HAI |
Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the [[Human achievement index]] (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.<ref name="HAI 2565" /> |
||
{|---valign=top |
{| class="wikitable" ---valign=top |
||
||Rank||Classification |
||Rank||Classification |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| 1 - |
|| 1 - 13||"high" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||14 - 29||"somewhat high" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||30 - 45||"average" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||46 - 61||"somewhat low" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||62 - 77||"low" |
||
|} |
|} |
||
{|role= "presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |
{|role= "presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |
||
|<strong>Map with provinces and HAI |
|<strong>Map with provinces and HAI 2022 rankings</strong> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[File:HAI |
|[[File:HAI 2022 rankings.svg|950px]] |
||
|} |
|} |
||
{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
||
==Notes== |
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Reports (data) from Thai government are "not copyrightable" (Public Domain), Copyright Act 2537 (1994), section 7. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*{{Wikivoyage |
*{{Wikivoyage inline|Samut Sakhon}} |
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*https://web.archive.org/web/20080127154926/http://www.thailex.info/THAILEX/THAILEXENG/lexicon/Copy%20of%20Samut%20Sakon.htm Samut Sakhon provincial map, coat of arms, and postal stamp] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080127154926/http://www.thailex.info/THAILEX/THAILEXENG/lexicon/Copy%20of%20Samut%20Sakon.htm Samut Sakhon provincial map, coat of arms, and postal stamp] |
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{{Geographic location |
{{Geographic location |
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|Centre = Samut Sakhon |
|Centre = Samut Sakhon province |
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|North = [[Nakhon Pathom |
|North = [[Nakhon Pathom province]] |
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|Northeast = |
|Northeast = |
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|East = [[Bangkok]] |
|East = [[Bangkok]] |
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|Southeast = |
|Southeast = |
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|South = ''[[Bight of Bangkok]]'' |
|South = ''[[Bight of Bangkok]]'' |
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|Southwest = [[Samut Songkhram |
|Southwest = [[Samut Songkhram province]] |
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|West = [[Ratchaburi |
|West = [[Ratchaburi province]] |
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|Northwest = |
|Northwest = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Provinces of Thailand}} |
{{Provinces of Thailand}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{coord|13|32|50|N|100|16|25|E|type:adm1st_region:TH|display=title}} |
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{{Coord|13|32|50|N|100|16|25|E|type:adm1st_region:TH|display=title}} |
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[[Category:Samut Sakhon |
[[Category:Samut Sakhon province| ]] |
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[[Category:Provinces of Thailand]] |
[[Category:Provinces of Thailand]] |
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[[Category:Gulf of Thailand]] |
[[Category:Gulf of Thailand]] |
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Revision as of 10:13, 24 November 2024
Samut Sakhon
สมุทรสาคร | |
|---|---|
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Teochew | 龍仔厝 lê̬ng giăn cu (Peng'im) |
_04.jpg)  .jpg) .jpg)   (Clockwise from top left) Phan Thai Norasing Shrine; Salt farming in Samut Sakhon; Mahachai seafood market; Ban Laem railway station, the origin of Maeklong Railway (second phase); Mahachai–Tha Chalom ferry; Red Bridge | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nickname: Mahachai (Thai: มหาชัย) | |
| Motto: เมืองประมง ดงโรงงาน ลานเกษตร เขตประวัติศาสตร์ ("City of fisheries. District of factories. Fields of farming. Historical area.") | |
 Map of Thailand highlighting Samut Sakhon province | |
| Country | Thailand |
| Capital | Mueang Samut Sakhon |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Narit Niramaiwong (since April 2024) |
| Area | |
• Total | 872 km2 (337 sq mi) |
| • Rank | Ranked 73rd |
| Population (2019)[2] | |
• Total | 584,703 |
| • Rank | Ranked 44th |
| • Density | 662/km2 (1,710/sq mi) |
| • Rank | Ranked 6th |
| Human Achievement Index | |
| • HAI (2022) | 0.6101 "low" Ranked 74th |
| GDP | |
| • Total | baht 398 billion (US$13.1 billion) (2019) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (ICT) |
| Postal code | 74xxx |
| Calling code | 034 |
| ISO 3166 code | TH-74 |
| Website | www |
Samut Sakhon (Thai: สมุทรสาคร, pronounced [sā.mùt sǎː.kʰɔ̄ːn]) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, located along the coast of the Gulf of Thailand. In 2019, it had a population of 584,703,[5] and an area of 872 km²,[6] making it the 33rd most populated province whilst being the 4th smallest. Neighboring provinces are (from the southwest clockwise) Samut Songkhram, Ratchaburi, Nakhon Pathom, and Bangkok. Samut Sakhon is part of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region.
Toponymy
The word samut originates from the Sanskrit word samudra meaning 'ocean', and the word sakhon from Sanskrit sagara meaning 'lake'.
Geography
Samut Sakhon is at the mouth of the Tha Chin Klong River, a distributary of the Chao Phraya River, to the Gulf of Thailand. At the coast are many salt pans used for harvesting sea salt.[6] The total forest area is 42 km2 (16 sq mi) or 4.9 percent of provincial area.[5]
Climate
Samut Sakhon province has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification category Aw). Winters are dry and warm. Temperatures rise until May. The monsoon season runs from May through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm. Climatological data for the period 1981–2010: Maximum temperature is 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) in April and May and the lowest temperature is 12.0 °C (53.6 °F) in December. The highest average temperature is 35.4 °C (95.7 °F) in April and the minimum average temperature is 22.0 °C (71.6 °F) in December. Mean annual rainfall is 1648 millimeters. The maximum daily rainfall is 248 millimeters in May. Mean rainy days average 130 days per year.[7]
History
The oldest name of the area is Tha Chin ('Chinese pier'), probably referring to the fact that it was a trading port where Chinese junks arrived.[8] In 1548 the city Sakhon Buri was established, and was renamed Mahachai in 1704 after the Khlong Mahachai which was dug then and connected with the Tha Chin River near the town. King Mongkut gave it its current name, but the old name Mahachai is still sometimes used by locals.[9]
It was established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon, and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946), which came into force on 9 May 1946.[10]
Economy and environment
Formerly an agricultural- and fisheries-based province, Samut Sakhon in 2020 has more than 6,000 factories, most of them small, employing fewer than 50 workers, and too small to warrant much attention from Thailand's Pollution Control Department (PCD). Small firms lack the budgets to install the environmental gear that would help protect the environment. As a result, Samut Sakhon is one of the most polluted provinces in the nation.[11]
Soil and water samples from the industrial area of Mueang District were found to be contaminated with high levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, copper, and nickel. High levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPS), byproducts of industrial processes, were present in eggs from free-range chickens. An egg tested by researchers was found to have 84 nanograms per kilogram of dioxins and furans, a level 33 times higher than the safety limit observed by the European Union.[11]
The most polluted air in Thailand in 2018 was found to be in Samut Sakhon province.[12] According to the PCD, the level of PM2.5 in the provincial atmosphere in 2019 was unusually high, measuring as high as 195 micrograms per cubic metre (μg/m3). During the air pollution "season" of 2018–2019, PM2.5 levels exceeded the PCD's safe threshold of 50 μg/m3 for 41 days.[11]
Samut Sakhon is a leading sea salt producer. According to a survey in 2011, 12,572 rai of salt pans were managed by 242 families in Samut Sakhon.[13]
Health
Samut Sakhon Hospital is the main hospital of Samut Sakhon province, operated by the Ministry of Public Health. The ministry also operates a general hospital, Krathum Baen Hospital in Krathum Baen district.
Ban Phaeo is served by Ban Phaeo General Hospital, the only hospital public organisation in Thailand.
Transportation
Samut Sakhon is along the Maeklong Railway, operated by the State Railway of Thailand and is served by Mahachai railway station on the east bank of the Tha Chin River and Ban Laem railway station on the west bank.
Symbols
The provincial seal shows a Chinese junk in front of the coast, with a factory and a smoking chimney in the background. Both refer to the old trading tradition as well as the local industries.
The provincial flag is horizontally divided pink/light blue/pink (1:3:1) the provincial seal in the middle.
The provincial brand is a picture of a white factory, a fishing boat, a fish and blue water and a green leaf.
The provincial tree is commonly called blackboard tree or devil's tree (Alstonia scholaris).
The provincial aquatic animal is the short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) what with Samut Sakhon is the first province to have short mackerel fishing and has the largest amount of this species of fish caught in Thailand.
The provincial slogan is "Fishing city, factory town, agricultural ground, historic site".[14]
Administrative divisions
City municipalities (thesaban nakhon)
Town municipalities (thesaban mueang)
Subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon)
Provincial government
The province is divided into three districts (amphoes). The districts are further subdivided into 40 subdistricts (tambons) and 290 villages (mubans).[15]
Local government
As of 19 December 2019 there are: one Samut Sakhon Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO) (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and fifteen municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. The capital Samut Sakhon and Om Noi have city (thesaban nakhon) status. Two have town (thesaban mueang) status and eleven are subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon).[2]
| City municipalities | people | ||||
| 1 | Samut Sakhon.[16] | 67,515 | 2 | Om Noi.[17] | 53,978 |
| Town municipalities | people | ||||
| 1 | Krathum Baen.[18] | 27,827 | 2 | Khlong Maduea.[19] | 22,265 |
| Subdistrict mun. | people | 6 | Khok Krabue[20] | 9,869 | |
| 1 | Lak Ha[21] | 41,958 | 7 | Khae Rai[22] | 8,708 |
| 2 | Suan Luang[23] | 34,200 | 8 | Don Kai Di[24] | 7,881 |
| 3 | Na Di | 27,733 | 9 | Bang Pla[21] | 6,869 |
| 4 | Bang Ya Phraek | 25,058 | 10 | Kaset Phatthana[21] | 5,178 |
| 5 | Tha Chin | 12,518 | 11 | Ban Phaeo[21] | 3,242 |
The non-municipal areas are administered by 22 Subdistrict Administrative
Organizations (SAO) (ongkan borihan suan tambon).[25]
| Municipality | Communities | Groups | |
| Samut Sakhon[26] | 32 | 3 | |
| Om Noi[27] | 28 | - | |
| Krathum Baen[28] | 9 | - | |
| Khlong Maduea[29] | 11 | - | |
| Suan Luang[30] | 14 | - |
Human achievement index 2022
| Health | Education | Employment | Income |
|
|
|
|
| 31 | 59 | 11 | 7 |
| Housing | Family | Transport | Participation |
|
 |
|
.png)
|
| 77 | 9 | 3 | 72 |
| Province Samut Sakhon, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6101 is "low", occupies place 74 in the ranking. | |||
Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.[3]
| Rank | Classification |
| 1 - 13 | "high" |
| 14 - 29 | "somewhat high" |
| 30 - 45 | "average" |
| 46 - 61 | "somewhat low" |
| 62 - 77 | "low" |
| Map with provinces and HAI 2022 rankings |
|
References
- ^ Advancing Human Development through the ASEAN Community, Thailand Human Development Report 2014, table 0:Basic Data (PDF) (Report). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Thailand. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-974-680-368-7. Retrieved 17 January 2016, Data has been supplied by Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, at Wayback Machine.
{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)[dead link] - ^ a b "สถิติทางการทะเบียน" [Registration statistics]. bora.dopa.go.th. Department of Provincial Administration (DOPA). December 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
Download จำนวนประชากร ปี พ.ศ.2562 - Download population year 2019
- ^ a b "ข้อมูลสถิติดัชนีความก้าวหน้าของคน ปี 2565 (PDF)" [Human Achievement Index Databook year 2022 (PDF)]. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) (in Thai). Retrieved 12 March 2024, page 75
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition". <>. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). July 2019. ISSN 1686-0799. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
- ^ a b "ตารางที่ 2 พี้นที่ป่าไม้ แยกรายจังหวัด พ.ศ.2562" [Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019]. Royal Forest Department (in Thai). 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021, information, Forest statistics Year 2019
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ a b "Geographic information". Samut Sakhon province. samutsakhon.go.th. 2014. Archived from the original on 25 August 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ "Climatological data for the period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. 2011. pp. 16–17. Retrieved 24 November 2019, Data are from nearest weather station Bangkok (32 km)
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "About Samut Sakhon". Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
- ^ "History". Samut Sakhon province. 2014. Archived from the original on 25 August 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ พระราชบัญญัติจัดตั้งจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ จังหวัดนนทบุรี จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร และจังหวัดนครนายก พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๙ [Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946)] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 63 (29 Kor): 315–317. 9 May 1946. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ a b c Kongrut, Anchalee (9 February 2020). "Pollution taints seaside community's prosperity". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
- ^ "World most polluted cities 2018 (PM2.5)". AirVisual. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
- ^ Wattanavanitvut, Phongthai (10 September 2016). "Salt industry prepares for a shake-up". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
- ^ "About Us". Samut Sakhon province. 2014. Archived from the original on 1 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ "Governance". Samut Sakhon province. samutsakhon.go.th. 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ "พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลนครสมุทรสาคร จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร พ.ศ.๒๕๔๒" [Royal Decree Establish of Thesaban Nakhon Samut Sakhon, Samut Sakhon Province B.E.2542] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 116 (110 Kor): 2–5. 10 November 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ "เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะ เทศบาลเมืองอ้อมน้อย อำเภอกระทุ่มแขน จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร เป็นเทศบาลนครอ้อมน้อย" [Announcement from the Ministry of interior Re: Change of Thesaban Mueang Om Noi, Amphoe Krathum Baen, Changwat Samut Sakhon Is Thesaban Nakhon Om Noi] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 127 (Special Section 149 Ngor): 45. 27 December 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ "พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลนเมืองกระทุ่มแบน จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร พ.ศ.๒๕๓๘" [Royal Decree Establish of Thesaban Mueang Krathum Baen, Samut Sakhon Province B.E.2538] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 112 (40 Kor): 62–65. 24 September 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ "ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง จัดตั้งองค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลคลองมะเดื่อ อำเภอกระทุ่มแบน จังหวัดสมุทสาคร เป็นเทศบาเมืองคลองมะเดื่อ" [Notification of the Ministry of Interior Re: Establishment of Khlong Maduea Subdistrict Administrative Organization Amphoe Krathum Baen Changwat Samut Sakhon is Thesaban Mueang Khlong Maduea] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 136 (Special 309 Ngor): 23. 19 December 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
- ^ "ตราสัญลัทษณ์" [Emblem]. khokkrabue.go.th (in Thai). 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
The emblem mentions: เทศบาลตำบลคอกกระบือ - Khok Krabue subdistrict municipality.
- ^ a b c d "พระราชบัญญัติ เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะของสุขาภิบาลเป็นเทศบาล พ.ศ.๒๕๔๒" [Royal Decree: Change Sanitation district to Municipality Act B.E. 2542 (1999)] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 116 (9 Kor): 1–4. 24 February 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
Sanitation districts Lak Ha, Bang Pla, Kaset Phatthana and Ban Phaeo are upgraded to subdistrict municipality, effectively 25 May 1999
- ^ "ตราสัญลัทษณ์" [Emblem]. khaerai.go.th (in Thai). 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
The emblem mentions: ทต.แคราย - Khae Rai subdistrict municipality.
- ^ "ประวัติความเป็นมา" [History]. suanluang.go.th (in Thai). 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
Established Suan Luang SAO, Krathum Baen district, Samut Sakhon province is Suan Luang subdistrict municipality on 18 January 2008.
- ^ "Number of local government organizations: Summary elevating local authorities". dla.go.th. Department of Local Administration (DLA). 20 September 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
No.4.47 Established Don Kai Di Subdistrict Administrative Organization (SAO), Krathum Baen district, Samut Sakhon province is Don Kai Di subdistrict municipality, effectively 30 September 2011.
- ^ Department of Provincial Administration (DOPA), List of 5,324 SAO's information as of date 20 December 2019, 22 SAO's (no.4196-4218) were established in 1995 (9), in 1996 (1) and in 1997 (12).
- ^ "รายชื่อชุมชนในเขตเทศบาลนครสมุทรสาคร" [List of communities in the Samut Sakhon Municipality]. sakhoncity.go.th (in Thai). 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
32 communities in 3 groups.
- ^ "ชุมชน" [Communities]. omnoi.go.th (in Thai). 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
28 communities.
- ^ "ชุมชน" [Communities]. ktb.go.th (in Thai). 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
9 communities.
- ^ "ข้อมูลชุมชน" [Community information]. klongmadua.go.th (in Thai). 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
11 communities.
- ^ "สภาพทั่วไป" [General condition]. suanluang.go.th (in Thai). 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
14 communities.
External links
Samut Sakhon travel guide from Wikivoyage- Samut Sakhon provincial map, coat of arms, and postal stamp
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