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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox settlement |
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<!-- Basic info ----------------> |
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|name = |
|name = Đồng Hới |
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|official_name = |
|official_name = Đồng Hới City |
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|other_name = |
|other_name = |
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|native_name = Đồng Hới |
|native_name = Thành phố Đồng Hới |
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|nickname = |
|nickname = City of Roses |
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|settlement_type = <!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.--> |
|settlement_type = [[Provincial city (Vietnam)|City (Class-2)]]<!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.--> |
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|total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |
|total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |
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|motto = |
|motto = |
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|image_skyline = |
|image_skyline = Đồng Hới 123.jpg |
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|imagesize = 300px |
|imagesize = 300px |
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|image_caption = |
|image_caption = Aerial view of the city. |
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|image_map = {{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=280}} |
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|dot_x = 151 |dot_y = 65 |
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|pushpin_map = Vietnam<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |
|pushpin_map = Vietnam<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |
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|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Vietnam |
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|pushpin_mapsize =300 |
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<!-- Location ------------------> |
<!-- Location ------------------> |
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|subdivision_type = Country |
|subdivision_type = Country |
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|subdivision_name = |
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}} |
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|subdivision_type1 = Province |
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Vietnam|Province]] |
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|subdivision_name1 = [[ |
|subdivision_name1 = [[Quảng Bình Province|Quảng Bình]] |
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|subdivision_type2 = Ward (''phuong'') |
|subdivision_type2 = Ward (''phuong'') and commune (''xa'') |
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|subdivision_name2 = |
|subdivision_name2 = |
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<!-- Politics -----------------> |
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|government_footnotes = |
|government_footnotes = |
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|government_type = City municipality |
|government_type = City municipality |
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|leader_title = |
|leader_title = General of the Municipal Communist Party Committee |
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|leader_name = |
|leader_name = |
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|leader_title1 = |
|leader_title1 = Chairman of the Municipal People's Committee |
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|leader_name1 = |
|leader_name1 = |
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|established_title = <!-- Settled --> |
|established_title = <!-- Settled --> |
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|area_total_km2 |
|area_total_km2 = 155.71<!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |
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|population_as_of = 2019 census |
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|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion--> |
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|population_note = |
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|population_total = 133,672 |
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|population_urban = 91,601 (69%) |
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|population_density_km2 = auto |
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|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |
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<!-- Population -----------------------> |
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|population_as_of = 2006 |
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|population_footnotes = | |
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|population_note = Registered residents only |
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|population_total = 103988 |
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|population_density_km2 = auto<!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --> |
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|population_density_sq_mi = |
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<!-- General information ---------------> |
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|timezone = Vietnam |
|timezone = Vietnam |
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|utc_offset = +7 |
|utc_offset = +7 |
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|coor_type = <!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to --> |
|coor_type = <!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to --> |
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|coordinates = {{coord|17|28|59|N|106|35|59|E|type:city_region:VN|display=inline,title}} |
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|latd=17 |latm=28 |lats=60 |latNS=N |
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|blank_name = Airport |
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|longd= 106|longm=35 |longs=60 |longEW=E |
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|blank_info = [[Đồng Hới Airport]] (domestic) |
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<!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |
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|blank1_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] |
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|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |
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|blank1_info = [[Tropical monsoon climate|Am]] |
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|area_code = |
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|blank_name = |
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|blank_info = |
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|website = [http://www.donghoi.gov.vn] |
|website = [http://www.donghoi.gov.vn] |
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|footnotes = |
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[[ |
[[File:Fishing boats, Dong Hoi.jpg|thumb|Fishing boats in Đồng Hới.]] |
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{{coord|17|28|60|N|106|35|60|E|display=title}} |
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'''Đồng Hới''' {{audio|Dong Hoi.ogg|pronunciation}} is the capital city of [[Quang Binh Province|Quảng Bình province]], in the [[Bac Trung Bo|north central coast]] of [[Vietnam]]. The city's area is 155.54 km² (60 square miles), population in 2005: 103,005. Urban area is 55.58 km2, urban population is 68,165. Suburban area is 99.69, suburban population is 35,823. |
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'''Đồng Hới''' ({{audio|Dong Hoi.ogg|listen|help=no}}) is the capital city of [[Quảng Bình Province]] in the [[North Central Coast|north central coast]] of [[Vietnam]]. The city's area is {{convert|155.71|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Population as per the 2019 census was 133,672.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Đồng Hới (District-level City, Quảng Bình, Vietnam) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/vietnam/admin/qu%E1%BA%A3ng_b%C3%ACnh/450__%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_h%E1%BB%9Bi/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref><ref name="Official"/> It is served by [[National Route 1 (Vietnam)|National Highway 1A]], the [[Đồng Hới Railway Station]], and airport. By road, Đồng Hới is {{convert|486|km}} south of [[Hanoi]], {{convert|195|km}} south of [[Vinh]], {{convert|160|km}} north of [[Huế]] and {{convert|1204|km}} north of [[Ho Chi Minh City|Hồ Chí Minh City]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dulichvietnam.com.vn/Desktop.aspx/Duong-bo/duong-bo/Khoang_cach_giua_cac_tinh_thanh_pho_tren_ca_nuoc_Viet_Nam/ |title=Du lịch đường bộ |access-date=2011-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714025541/http://www.dulichvietnam.com.vn/Desktop.aspx/Duong-bo/duong-bo/Khoang_cach_giua_cac_tinh_thanh_pho_tren_ca_nuoc_Viet_Nam/ |archive-date=2011-07-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It borders [[Quảng Ninh District]] on the west and south, the [[South China Sea]] on the east, [[Bố Trạch District]] on the north.<ref name="quangbinh">{{Cite web |url=http://www.vietnamtourism.com/e_pages/country/province.asp?mt=8452&uid=1253 |title=Quang Binh |access-date=2008-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810214754/http://vietnamtourism.com/e_pages/country/province.asp?mt=8452&uid=1253 |archive-date=2010-08-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="nuocnonhuyendieu"/> |
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It is located at around 500 km (310 mi) south of [[Hanoi|Hà Nội]] (Hanoi), 260 km (160 mi) north of [[Danang|Đà Nẵng]] (Danang), 1,200 km (750 mi) north of [[Ho Chi Minh City|Hồ Chí Minh City]] (Saigon). It borders [[Laos]] on the west, the [[South China Sea]] on the east, [[Ha Tinh Province|Hà Tĩnh province]] on the north, and [[Quang Ninh, Quang Binh|Quảng Ninh]]<ref name="quangbinh">[http://www.vietnamtourism.com/e_pages/country/province.asp?mt=8452&uid=1253 Quang Binh]</ref><ref name="nuocnonhuyendieu"/> |
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Đồng Hới has a 12-km-long coastline with white sand beaches.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dulichvietnam.com.vn/PortletBlank.aspx/6DA01F2CE29B40EC991FE12EDBB70353/View/Diem-den-trong-nuoc/Huong_dan_du_lich_Dong_Hoi/?print=612978913|title=Trang thông tin du lịch tổng hợp - Du Lịch Việt Nam|website=dulichvietnam.com.vn|accessdate=Sep 1, 2022}}</ref> It is the closest city to [[Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park]], [[UNESCO]]'s [[World Heritage Site|World Natural Heritage Site]], 50 km north. |
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==History== |
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Archaeological excavation in this area proved that humans lived in what is now Quảng Bình province in the [[Stone Age]]. Many artifacts, such as ceramic vases, stone tools, and china, have been unearthed in Quảng Bình.<ref name="nuocnonhuyendieu">''Quảng Bình, Nuoc non huyen dieu'', Van Nghe Publishing House, 2000, pp. 14-17.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/87/78|title=Evidence for Culture Development in Vietnam during the Middle Holocene|access-date=2008-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724012004/http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/87/78|archive-date=2008-07-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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In 1926, French archaeologist [[Madeleine Colani]] discovered and excavated many artifacts in caves and grottoes in west mountainous areas of Quảng Bình. She concluded that the [[Hoabinhian|Hòa Bình culture]] existed in this region. Through C14 testing, the artifacts dated back to 10,509 (plus or minus 950) years ago. From Quy Đạt township ([[Tuyên Hóa District]]) to south-west about 150 m, the Hum grotto contains many stone tools and animal stones from an ancient human community. Inside Khai grotto near the Quy Đạt township, similar artifacts were found, including ceramics from [[Đông Sơn culture]]. Additionally, artifacts of the Stone Age were unearthed in grottoes in the Quảng Bình region. Owners of these artifacts lived in the caves and grottoes and hunted for their food.<ref name="nuocnonhuyendieu"/> |
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Human settlement in Đồng Hới can be traced 5,000 years back. Many relics and remnants have been found in [[Bau Tro]], a lake in the city, most of which date to the [[Stone Age]]. Around 2880 BC, the site of modern Đồng Hới was a territory of the Viet Thuong tribe of [[Văn Lang]] during the reign of king [[Hùng Vương]]. The site was a long-disputed territory between the [[Champa|Champa kingdom]] and [[Đại Việt]]. It officially became Đại Việt territory in 1069 after [[Lý Thường Kiệt]] took victory over Champa as a result of the Đại Việt-Champa War (1069). |
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The area ceased to be the southernmost of Đại Việt following the political marriage of the [[Trần dynasty]] princess, [[Huyền Trân]], to Champa king, [[Jaya Sinhavarman III]] (Vietnamese: ''Chế Mân''). Princess Huyền Trân was king [[Trần Nhân Tông]]'s daughter and king Trần Anh Tông's younger sister. Political matches made to acquire land was a traditional practice by Champa kings. Thanks to this marriage, Đại Việt acquired lands (as dowry) of what is now [[Quảng Trị Province]] and [[Thừa Thiên–Huế Province]] (provinces which were then known respectively as Chau O and Chau Ri or Chau Ly).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/25734/h/history10.html |title=Trần Dynasty |access-date=2008-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303100535/http://library.thinkquest.org/25734/h/history10.html |archive-date=2008-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kingdom of Champa|url=http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Article/549713|publisher=ancientworld|access-date=2008-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511081540/http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Article/549713|archive-date=2011-05-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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During the time of the [[Trịnh–Nguyễn War]] (1558–1775), Vietnam was divided into two countries: Dang Trong (South) and Dang Ngoai (North) with the [[Gianh River]] as frontier line. Đồng Hới was an important fortress of the southern [[Nguyễn lords]]. The Đồng Hới Wall (Vietnamese: ''Thành Đồng Hới'') was considered the barrier that protected the Nguyễn lords from the attack by the northern [[Trịnh lords|Trịnh]] family. |
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During the [[First Indochina War]] (between the French and the [[Viet Minh]] in the 1950s), the Đồng Hới airbase was used by the French to attack the Viet Minh in north-central Vietnam and the Laotian [[Pathet Lao]] army in central and southern Laos. During the [[Vietnam War]], Đồng Hới was heavily devastated by bombardments from United States [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52 bombers]] due to its location near the [[17th parallel north|17th parallel]] and the [[Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone|DMZ]] between [[North Vietnam]] and [[South Vietnam]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110524153557/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/580550522.html?dids=580550522:580550522&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Feb+08,+1965&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=U.+S.+Hits+Dong+Hoi+Again,+Russ+Say&pqatl=google U. S. Hits Dong Hoi Again, Russ Say]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/08/archives/b52s-raid-supply-routes-south-of-the-20th-parallel-u-s-planes-by.html|title=B‐52's Raid Supply Routes South of the 20th Parallel|date=Jan 8, 1973|accessdate=Sep 1, 2022|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> |
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On February 11, 1965, bombing destroyed much of the city. The [[Tam Tòa Church]], a Catholic cathedral, was severely damaged. Today the bell tower remains near the town center as a monument.[[File:TamToa.jpg|thumb|Ruins of [[Tam Tòa Church]].]] |
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On 19 April 1972, during a major North Vietnam offensive, a task force of four US ships were sailing off the coast of Vietnam — {{USS|Oklahoma City|CLG-5|6}}, {{USS|Sterett|CG-31|6}}, {{USS|Lloyd Thomas|DD-764|6}} and {{USS|Higbee|DD-806|6}}. They were attacked by three North Vietnamese MiG aircraft in the [[Battle of Đồng Hới]]. In an attempt to surprise the task force, the MiGs came in low, described as "getting their feet wet." Despite the official stories, they did not surprise the task force, which had spotted them long before engagement range and were ready to shoot. Two ships, ''Oklahoma City'' and ''Sterett'', had anti-aircraft missiles, while ''Higbee'' and ''Lloyd Thomas'' were armed with dual purpose {{convert|5|in|mm|adj=on|0}} guns. All ships were at battle stations. |
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This city is the narrowest land of Vietnam (around 40 km from the east to the west). After the [[fall of Saigon]] on 30 April 1975, Quảng Bình province was merged into Bình Trị Thiên province (Bình Trị Thiên is the abbreviation of Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, and Thừa Thiên provinces). In 1990, Bình Trị Thiên was once again separated into three provinces as it had been before. Đồng Hới then became the capital of Quảng Bình province. |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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===Location=== |
===Location=== |
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[[File:Donghoi3.jpg|thumb|Đồng Hới seen from the air]] |
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Dong Hoi is located on the National Road 1A, North-South Railway and [[Ho Chi Minh Highway]], at the coordinates 17 21' N and 106 10’ E. |
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This city is situated in the heart of Quang Binh Province. It borders [[Bo Trach]] on the north, [[Quang Ninh, Quang Binh|Quang Ninh]] on the south, [[South China Sea]] on the east, [[Quang Ninh, Quang Binh|Quang Ninh]] on the west. It’s 50 km south of [[Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park]], 50 km north of [[Bang Spa]], 180 km southeast of Cha Lo border gate with Laos. It has a coastline of 12 km. [[Nhat Le River]] is the only river that runs through the city. [[Bau Tro|Tro Lake]] is the source of fresh water for the city-dwellers. The [[Nhat Le Beach]] is endowned with fine and white sand. <ref name="quangbinh"/> |
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Đồng Hới is on the National Route 1, North–South Railway, and [[Ho Chi Minh Highway]], at the coordinates 17 21' N and 106 10’ E. This city is in the heart of Quảng Bình Province. It borders [[Bố Trạch]] on the north, [[Quảng Ninh District|Quảng Ninh]] on the south, the [[South China Sea]] on the east and [[Quảng Ninh District|Quảng Ninh]] on the west. It is 50 km south of [[Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park]], 50 km north of [[Bang Spa]], 180 km south-east of Cha Lo border gate with Laos. It has a coastline of 12 km. [[Nhật Lệ River]] is the only river that runs through the city. [[Bàu Tró|Tro Lake]] is the source of fresh water. The [[Nhật Lệ Beach]] is endowed with fine and white sand.<ref name="quangbinh"/> |
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===Climate=== |
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Like all provinces in north and north central of Vietnam, there are four distinct seasons in Đồng Hới. In the spring, it is cool, humid and foggy. The average annual temperature is 24.40C, average rainfall varies from 1,300 – 4,000 mm, total sunshine hours per year is 1,786 hours, average annual moisture is around 84%. The city has moonson climate with three types of wind: southeast wind (gió nồm), southwest wind (gió nam), and northeast wind. |
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===Transportation=== |
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Although the city is located by the sea, its climate is subject to drought in the Summer, this is largely due to the dry southwest wind from [[Gulf of Thailand]] (this flow of wind is wet but when it passes to Vietnam, [[Annamite Range]] mountain range keeps its humidity to cause rains in Laos but drought in central Vietnam). It is rainy in the fall but the weather is comfortable with the temperature around 25 to 30 degrees Celsius. In the winter, due to the northeast wind blowing from the [[China|Chinese]] mainland, the temperature may go down below 10 degrees Celsius, and it may be rainy. |
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There are many ways to get to Dong Hoi from Hue, such as local bus at Hue North Bus Station. There are taxis from city center bus station (6 km). The bus fare is around $8. It takes 3.5 hours to drive to Dong Hoi/Quang Binh Town. |
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==Climate== |
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===Topography and Geology=== |
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Like all provinces in [[Northern Vietnam|north]] and north central Vietnam, there are four distinct seasons in Đồng Hới. Despite these distinct seasons, and an annual temperature range of {{convert|10.8|C-change|F-change|1|disp=or}}, Đồng Hới still has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Am'') as the mean temperature of the coolest month is {{convert|18.8|C|F|1|disp=or}}. The average annual temperature is {{convert|24.7|C|F|disp=or}}, average rainfall varies from {{convert|1,300|to|4,000|mm|in|-1|disp=or}}, total sunshine hours per year is 1,783 hours, and average annual humidity is around 82%. The city sees three types of wind: south-east (gió nồm), south-west (gió Lào), and north-east. |
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The city has diverse topographical and geological features, including hill, mountainous, half mountainous, coastal plains and coastal sand dunes. |
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In the “spring”, Đồng Hới is very warm, humid and foggy. Although the city is by the sea, its climate is subject to drought and heat in the summer. This is largely due to the dry south-west wind from [[Gulf of Thailand]]. This flow of wind is wet but when it passes onto Vietnam, the [[Annamite Range]] releases its moisture to cause rains in Laos but drought in central Vietnam. It is rainy in the northeast monsoon (“fall”) and the weather is very warm ({{convert|26|to|31|C|F|1|disp=or}}) although with extremely high relative humidity due to the moist air from the northeast monsoon. In the winter, due to the north-east wind blowing from the [[Siberia]] mainland, the temperature may go down below {{convert|18|C|F|1|disp=or}}, and there may be slight rain. The highest rainfall occurs in October ({{convert|649|mm|in|1|disp=or}}), compared to just {{convert|39|mm|in|1|disp=or}} in Februarys. The highest temperature recorded was 43.2 °C on 30 April 2024, while the lowest was 6.7 °C on 24 January 2016. |
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Hilly region is located in the west part of the city, stretching from north to south (in parts of communes: Dong Son, Thuan Duc) with an average elevation of 12-15 m, with total area of 64.93 km2, 41.7% of the city total area. Residents here live on agricuture, forestry, farming. The soil in this are is poor in nutrition, unfertile and subject to continuous erosions due to its slope of 7 - 10%. |
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{{Weather box |
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Half hilly region surrounds a plain with an average elevation of 10 m from northeast - north to northwest – southwest and south – southeast. This region covers commues and wards of Bắc Lý, Nam Lý, Nghĩa Ninh, Bắc Nghĩa, Đức Ninh, Đức Ninh Đông, Lộc Ninh and Phú Hải with total area of 62.87 km2, or accounts for 40.2% of the city total area. Residents here lives on industrial, handcraft, trading and a small percentage lives on farming. |
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This region is not very fertile, subject to alum. However, thanks to the heavy distribution of rivers and lakes, ponds and pools, it’s better for agriculture than those in hilly region. |
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|metric first=y |
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The plain with the average of 2.1 m, with little slope, acounting for 0.2% of the city total area (5.76 km2). Most of the city’s commercial, administrative and main streets concentrate in this narrow regions. |
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|single line=y |
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|location = Đồng Hới |
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|Jan record high C = 34.7 |
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|Feb record high C = 37.2 |
|||
|Mar record high C = 39.8 |
|||
|Apr record high C = 43.2 |
|||
|May record high C = 42.2 |
|||
|Jun record high C = 41.8 |
|||
|Jul record high C = 40.9 |
|||
|Aug record high C = 41.5 |
|||
|Sep record high C = 40.9 |
|||
|Oct record high C = 37.4 |
|||
|Nov record high C = 35.0 |
|||
|Dec record high C = 29.8 |
|||
|year record high C = 43.2 |
|||
|Jan high C = 21.7 |
|||
|Feb high C = 22.3 |
|||
|Mar high C = 24.9 |
|||
|Apr high C = 28.8 |
|||
|May high C = 32.4 |
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|Jun high C = 34.0 |
|||
|Jul high C = 33.9 |
|||
|Aug high C = 33.1 |
|||
|Sep high C = 30.9 |
|||
|Oct high C = 28.2 |
|||
|Nov high C = 25.5 |
|||
|Dec high C = 22.6 |
|||
|year high C = 28.2 |
|||
|Jan mean C = 18.8 |
|||
|Feb mean C = 19.5 |
|||
|Mar mean C = 21.7 |
|||
|Apr mean C = 24.9 |
|||
|May mean C = 28.1 |
|||
|Jun mean C = 29.8 |
|||
|Jul mean C = 29.8 |
|||
|Aug mean C = 29.0 |
|||
|Sep mean C = 27.1 |
|||
|Oct mean C = 25.1 |
|||
|Nov mean C = 22.6 |
|||
|Dec mean C = 19.8 |
|||
|year mean C = 24.7 |
|||
|Jan low C = 16.7 |
|||
|Feb low C = 17.6 |
|||
|Mar low C = 19.7 |
|||
|Apr low C = 22.4 |
|||
|May low C = 25.0 |
|||
|Jun low C = 26.8 |
|||
|Jul low C = 26.7 |
|||
|Aug low C = 26.0 |
|||
|Sep low C = 24.3 |
|||
|Oct low C = 22.5 |
|||
|Nov low C = 20.3 |
|||
|Dec low C = 17.6 |
|||
|year low C = 21.1 |
|||
|Jan record low C = 6.7 |
|||
|Feb record low C = 8.0 |
|||
|Mar record low C = 8.0 |
|||
|Apr record low C = 11.7 |
|||
|May record low C = 15.1 |
|||
|Jun record low C = 19.2 |
|||
|Jul record low C = 20.5 |
|||
|Aug record low C = 19.9 |
|||
|Sep record low C = 17.8 |
|||
|Oct record low C = 14.6 |
|||
|Nov record low C = 12.0 |
|||
|Dec record low C = 7.8 |
|||
|year record low C = 6.7 |
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|rain colour = green |
|||
|Jan rain mm = 59.4 |
|||
|Feb rain mm = 39.9 |
|||
|Mar rain mm = 43.2 |
|||
|Apr rain mm = 60.8 |
|||
|May rain mm = 115.6 |
|||
|Jun rain mm = 78.9 |
|||
|Jul rain mm = 75.5 |
|||
|Aug rain mm = 166.1 |
|||
|Sep rain mm = 472.5 |
|||
|Oct rain mm = 649.1 |
|||
|Nov rain mm = 318.7 |
|||
|Dec rain mm = 125.1 |
|||
|year rain mm = 2189.7 |
|||
|Jan rain days = 11.8 |
|||
|Feb rain days = 11.2 |
|||
|Mar rain days = 11.3 |
|||
|Apr rain days = 9.2 |
|||
|May rain days = 10.1 |
|||
|Jun rain days = 7.3 |
|||
|Jul rain days = 7.2 |
|||
|Aug rain days = 11.0 |
|||
|Sep rain days = 15.8 |
|||
|Oct rain days = 19.3 |
|||
|Nov rain days = 17.4 |
|||
|Dec rain days = 14.2 |
|||
|year rain days = 145.2 |
|||
|Jan humidity = 87.5 |
|||
|Feb humidity = 89.4 |
|||
|Mar humidity = 89.0 |
|||
|Apr humidity = 86.7 |
|||
|May humidity = 79.5 |
|||
|Jun humidity = 72.2 |
|||
|Jul humidity = 70.6 |
|||
|Aug humidity = 75.3 |
|||
|Sep humidity = 83.5 |
|||
|Oct humidity = 86.0 |
|||
|Nov humidity = 85.3 |
|||
|Dec humidity = 85.4 |
|||
|year humidity = 82.5 |
|||
|Jan sun = 89.9 |
|||
|Feb sun = 74.5 |
|||
|Mar sun = 106.3 |
|||
|Apr sun = 159.1 |
|||
|May sun = 232.8 |
|||
|Jun sun = 224.3 |
|||
|Jul sun = 234.6 |
|||
|Aug sun = 198.1 |
|||
|Sep sun = 168.1 |
|||
|Oct sun = 129.2 |
|||
|Nov sun = 95.6 |
|||
|Dec sun = 73.3 |
|||
|year sun = 1783.9 |
|||
|source 1 = Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology<ref name=IBST>{{cite web|title=QCVN 02:2022/BXD Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về Số liệu điều kiện tự nhiên dùng trong xây dựng|url=https://luatvietnam.vn/xay-dung/quy-chuan-viet-nam-qcvn-02-2022-bxd-232769-d3.html|language=vi}}</ref> |
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|source 2 = The Yearbook of Indochina<ref>[https://seadelt.net/Asset/Source/Document_ID-254_No-01.pdf Archived copy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510221613/https://seadelt.net/Asset/Source/Document_ID-254_No-01.pdf |date=10 May 2021 }} </ref> |
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}} |
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===Topography and geology=== |
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The city has diverse topographical and geological features, including hill, mountainous, half mountainous, coastal plains and coastal sand dunes. |
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The hilly region is in the west, stretching from north to south (in parts of communes: Dong Son, Thuan Duc) with an average elevation of 12–15 m, with total area of 64.93 km<sup>2</sup>, 41.7% of the city total area. Residents here live on agriculture, forestry, farming. The soil in this area is poor in nutrition, infertile and subject to continuous erosion due to its slope of 7-10%. |
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The half hilly region surrounds a plain with an average elevation of 10 m from north-east - north to north-west – south-west and south – south-east.{{clarify|date=November 2015}} This region covers commues and wards of Bắc Lý, Nam Lý, Nghĩa Ninh, Bắc Nghĩa, Đức Ninh, Đức Ninh Đông, Lộc Ninh and Phú Hải with total area of 62.87 km<sup>2</sup>, or accounts for 40.2% of the city total area. Residents here lives on industrial, handcraft, trading and a small percentage lives on farming. This region is not very fertile, subject to alum. However, thanks to the heavy distribution of rivers and lakes, ponds and pools, it's better for agriculture than the hilly region. The plain with the average of 2.1 m, with little slope, accounting for 0.2% of the city area (5.76 km<sup>2</sup>). Most of the city's commercial, administrative and main streets concentrate in this narrow regions. Coastal sand dune area is on the east of the city, with an area of 21.98 km<sup>2</sup>, making up 14,3% of the total area.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} |
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Coastal sand dune area is located on the east of the city, with an area of 21.98 km2, making up 14,3% of the total area. This reagion features several sand dunes. Many small fresh water ponds are sandwiched into sand dunes, namely [[Bàu Tró]], bàu Nghị, Bàu Tràm, Bàu Thôn, and Bàu Trung Bính. |
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==Administration== |
==Administration== |
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Đồng Hới is subdivided into 16 subdivisions: 10 urban wards (''phường'') and 6 rural communes (''xã'').<ref name="Official">{{Cite web |url=http://donghoi.gov.vn/front-end/index.asp?website_id=39&menu_id=1977&parent_menu_id=1562&article_id=13664&fuseaction=DISPLAY_SINGLE_ARTICLE&hide_menu=0 |title=Official website |access-date=2011-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331120442/http://donghoi.gov.vn/front-end/index.asp?website_id=39&menu_id=1977&parent_menu_id=1562&article_id=13664&fuseaction=DISPLAY_SINGLE_ARTICLE&hide_menu=0 |archive-date=2012-03-31 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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Dong Hoi is subdivided into 16 subdivisions, 10 urban wards (''phường'') and 6 rural communes (''xã''). |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
! No. |
! No. |
||
! Name |
! Name |
||
! Population 2009 |
|||
! Vietnamese |
|||
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) |
|||
! [[Population|Pop.]] |
|||
! [[Area]] (km2) |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan=6 | ''Inner wards (Ward):'' |
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||1.||Bac Ly||Phường Bắc Lý||13,536||10.19 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||1.||Bắc Lý||18,158||10.19 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||2.||Bắc Nghĩa||6,981||7.76 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||3.||Đồng Mỹ||2,757||0.58 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||4.||Đồng Phú||8,646||3.81 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
||5.||Đồng Sơn||9,127||19.65 |
|||
||6.||Duc Ninh Dong||Phường Đức Ninh Đông||4726||3.13 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
||6.||Đức Ninh Đông||5,031||3.13 |
|||
||7.||Hai Dinh||Phường Hải Đình||3808||8,822 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||7.||Hải Đình||3,878||8.822 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||8.||Hải Thành||4,774||2.45 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||9.||Nam Lý||16,412||3.9 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||10.||Phú Hải||3,581||3.06 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|- style="background: #d4d4d4;" |
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||12.||Duc Ninh||Xã Đức Ninh||7526||5.21 |
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| '''Total inner wards'''||'''10 Ward'''||'''71,620'''||'''55.47''' |
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|- |
|- |
||
| colspan=7 | ''Suburban communes (Commune):'' |
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||13.||Loc Ninh||Xã Lộc Ninh||8407||13.4 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||11.||Bảo Ninh||8,906||16.3 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||12.||Đức Ninh||7,526||5.21 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|| |
||13.||Lộc Ninh||8,647||13.4 |
||
|- |
|||
||14.||Nghĩa Ninh||4,642||16.22 |
|||
|- |
|||
||15.||Quang Phú||3,178||3.23 |
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|- |
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||16.||Thuận Đức||3,788||45.28 |
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|- style="background: #d4d4d4;" |
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| '''Total suburban communes'''||'''6 Commune'''||'''36,906'''||'''100.24''' |
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|- style="background: pink;" |
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| '''Whole city'''|'''10 phường, 6 Commune'''||'''108,526'''||'''155.71''' |
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|} |
|} |
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==Tourism== |
==Tourism== |
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{{multiple image |
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[[Image:Nhat Le River.jpg|200px|right|thumb|[[Nhat Le River]]]] |
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| align = right |
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[[Image:Nhat Le Beach.jpg|200px|right|thumb|[[Nhat Le Beach]]]] |
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| direction = horizontal |
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| header = |
|||
| footer = |
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| width = |
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| image1 = Nhat Le River.jpg |
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| width1 = 200 |
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| caption1 = [[Nhật Lệ River]] |
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| alt1 = Nhật Lệ River |
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| image2 = Bao Ninh Beach.jpg |
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| width2 = 176 |
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| caption2 = Bảo Ninh Beach |
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| alt2 = Bảo Ninh Beach}} |
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Đồng Hới is endowed with beautiful beaches with fine sand and clean water of |
Đồng Hới is endowed with beautiful beaches with fine sand and clean water of Nhật Lệ. The Da Nhay and Ly Hoa beaches (60 km north of the city) are popular tourist destinations. The [[Bang Spa]] (hot mineral spring) is ideal for those who enjoy spa baths. The city is 50 km south of the [[World Heritage]] [[Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park]] which is ideal for cave and grotto exploration and biological research activities (mainly [[Phong Nha Cave]] and, from September 2010, [[Thiên Đường Cave]] and [[Sơn Đoòng Cave]] are available for visitors). |
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By Award Winning Veteran Combat Photographer]</ref> Đồng Hới is accessible by road (National Highway 1A, Hồ Chí Minh Highway), by rail at Đồng Hới Railway Station on the Hà Nội-Hồ Chí Minh City Railway, or by air from Hà Nội or Hồ Chí Minh City at [[Dong Hoi Airport|Đồng Hới Airport]], an aiport under construction and was scheduled to complete in December 2006. <ref>{{cite web|title=Construction begins on new Quang Binh airport|url=http://vietnamnews.vnanet.vn/2004-08/31/Stories/16.htm|publisher=Vietnam News|date=2004-09-01|accessdate=2008-02-27}}</ref> The consrtuction schedule of the airport was late due to lack of capital from the government. It was scheduled to be completed in February 2008, but there are some pending items (10% of the total work), the deadline was extended. <ref name="MOT">{{cite news |first=T |last=T |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Sân bay Đồng Hới sẽ được đưa vào khai thác trong dịp Tết Nguyên đán 2008 |
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|url= http://www.giaothongvantai.com.vn/Desktop.aspx/News/tin-tuc-su-kien/San_bay_Dong_Hoi_se_duoc_dua_vao_khai_thac_trong_dip_Tet_Nguyen_dan_2008/ |work=[[Ministry of Transport (Vietnam)]] |publisher= |date= [[October 21]], [[2007]] | accessdate=2008-02-27}}</ref> According to the latest revised schedule, this airport will be completed and opened in 3rd quarter of 2008. <ref name="MOC">{{cite news |first=Thanh |last=Chau|authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Cần đẩy nhanh tiến độ xây dựng sân bay Ðồng Hới|url=http://www.baoxaydung.com.vn/Main.aspx?MNU=1115&Style=1&ChiTiet=4646 |work=[[Ministry of Construction (Vietnam)]] |publisher= |date= [[January 16]], [[2008]] | accessdate=2008-02-27}}</ref> |
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The city provide tourists with 98 hotels and guest-houses from 1 to 3-star hotels like Cosevco Hotel, Saigon-Quảng Bình Hotel and especially the 4-star resort of Sun Spa Resort. The available cuisine includes seafood, the traditional "[[hot pot]]", Vietnamese and European-style meals. In 2005, the city welcomed nearly 300,000 visitors. |
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Đồng Hới is included in former battlefield tours where travelers can visit once-dangerous fields along the [[Annamite Range]] and the [[Ho Chi Minh trail|Hồ Chí Minh trail]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nkf-mt.org.uk/VN.Viet_Nam_history_Tour.itinerary.htm|title=nkf-mt.org.uk|website=www.nkf-mt.org.uk|accessdate=Sep 1, 2022}}</ref> |
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==Economy== |
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The Hòn La bay is a 4-square-km bay, with the depth up to 15 m, suitable to develop into a a deep-water sea port, a port is currently ([[as of 2006]]) under construction north of Đồng Hới, the port when finished will be able to accommodate ships up to 50,000 metric tons, located on a 32ha of land, has a loading capacity of 10-12 million tonnes per year and is expected to facilitate business for Quang Binh’s industrial and economic zones once operational.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-3069037/Hon-La-Port-to-be.html|title=Hon La Port to be linked with mainland (Shipping News in brief)|publisher=Ecnext|date=2003-06-09|accessdate=2008-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/showarticle.php?num=05SOC280108|title=President Triet tours provinces|publisher=Vietnamnews|date=2008-01-28|accessdate=2008-03-06}}</ref> Two industrial parks (Northwest Đồng Hới Industrial Park and Hòn La Industrial Park) are also under construction and partially available now to investors. The city achieved an average economic growth rate of 12.5% during 2001-2005 period. The economic contributors for 2005 were as follows: industry and construction accounting for 35.5%, services 50.9%, agriculture-forestry-fishery 13.6%. GDP per capita in 2005 was $750. |
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Đồng Hới is accessible by road ([[National Route 1 (Vietnam)]] - [[Asian Highway 1]], Hồ Chí Minh Highway), by rail at Đồng Hới Railway Station on the Hà Nội–Hồ Chí Minh City Railway, or by air from Hà Nội or Hồ Chí Minh City at [[Đồng Hới Airport]]. |
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==History== |
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[[File:DHAirport6.jpg|left|thumb|[[Đồng Hới Airport]]]] |
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Archaeological excavation in this area proved that human living in what is now Quang Binh province in [[Stone Age]] period. Many artifacts such as ceramic vases, stone tools, china was unearthed in Quang Binh. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/87/78 Da But Culture|title= Evidence for Culture Development in Vietnam during the Middle Holocene|accessdate=2008-03-05}}</ref><ref name="nuocnonhuyendieu">Quang Binh, Nuoc non huyen dieu, Van Nghe Publishing Housr, 2000, p.14, 15, 16, 17</ref> |
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Đồng Hới Airport was put into use on 18 May 2008,<ref>{{cite web|title=Construction begins on new Quang Binh airport|url=http://vietnamnews.vnanet.vn/2004-08/31/Stories/16.htm|work=Vietnam News|date=1 September 2004|access-date=27 February 2008}}</ref> and the first commercial flight was from [[Hanoi]]'s [[Noi Bai International Airport]], followed by air link with [[Ho Chi Minh City]]'s [[Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport]] from 1 July 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News_English/News_Detail_E.aspx?CN_ID=345451&CO_ID=30318|title=Flag carrier to launch HCMC – Đồng Hới route in early July|date=15 June 2009|publisher=Communist Party of Vietnam|access-date=24 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929020221/http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News_English/News_Detail_E.aspx?CN_ID=345451&CO_ID=30318|archive-date=29 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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In 1926, a French female archaeologist, Madeleine Colanie discovered and excavated many artifacts in caves and grottoes in west mountainous areas of Quang Binh. She concluded that there existed the [[Hòa Bình Culture]] in this region. Through C14 dating test, the artifacts here dated back to 10,509 (plus or minus 950) ago. <ref name="nuocnonhuyendieu"/> |
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The city provides tourists with 98 hotels and guest-houses from 1 to 3-star hotels like Cosevco Hotel (which is closed and not available for booking), Saigon-Quảng Bình Hotel, Nam Long Hotel and Nam Long Plus Hotel (all available for online booking through several sites) and the 4-star resort of Sun Spa Resort. The cuisine includes seafood, the traditional "[[hot pot]]", Vietnamese and European-style meals. In 2005, the city welcomed nearly 300,000 visitors.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} |
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From Quy Dat township ([[Tuyen Hoa]]) to southwest about 150 m, the Hum grotto contains many stone tools and animal stones belonged to an ancient human community. |
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Flagstick broke ground on another new project on February 1 – FLC Dong Hoi Golf Links in Quang Binh Province. |
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In side Khai grotto near Quy Dat township, the similar artifacts were also found. Especially, there are several ceramic of [[Dong Son Culture]]. |
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A complex of 10 contiguous [[golf course]]s, three clubhouses, more than 1,000 villas, a large resort hotel, commercial village and convention centre is under construction in seaside area of Dong Hoi and [[Quang Ninh District]], [[Le Thuy District]], which is scheduled to achieve the completion of all construction of the first phase by November 2016, with spring 2017 set as the opening date for play.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.golfbusinessnews.com/news/corporate/flagstick-to-the-fore-as-golf-takes-off-in-vietnam/|title=Flagstick to the Fore as Golf Takes Off in Vietnam|date=2016-02-12|access-date=2016-06-15|publisher=golfbusinessnews.com}}</ref> |
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Besides, artifacts of Stone Age period were also unearthed in some grottoes in Quang Binh region. Owners of these artifacts lived in the caves and grottoes and hunted for their foods. <ref name="nuocnonhuyendieu"/> |
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{{clear left}} |
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==Economy== |
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Human settlement in Đồng Hới can be traced to 5,000 years ago. Many relics and remnants have been found by the Vietnamese and French archaeologists in Bau Tro, a lake in the city. Most of the finds here belong to the [[Stone Age]] period. Around [[2880 BC]], the site of modern Đồng Hới was a territory of Viet Thuong tribe of [[Van Lang|Văn Lang]] (Vietnam) during the reign of king [[Hung Vuong|Hùng Vương]]. The site was long a disputed territory between the [[Champa|Champa kingdom]] and [[Dai Viet|Đại Việt]]. It officially became Đại Việt territory in 1306 after the political marriage of the [[Tran Dynasty|Trần Dynasty]] princess, [[Huyen Tran|Huyen Trần]], to Champa king, [[Jaya Sinhavarman III]] (Vietnamese: ''Chế Mân''). Princess Huyen Trần was king [[Tran Nhan Tong|Trần Nhân Tông]]'s daughter and king Trần Anh Tông's younger sister. Political matches made to acquire land was a traditional practice by Champa kings. Thanks to this marriage, Đại Việt acquired lands (as dowry) of what is now Quảng Bình province, [[Quang Tri Province|Quảng Trị province]], and [[Thua Thien-Hue Province|Thừa Thiên–Huế province]] (provinces which were then known respectively as Chau O and Chau Ri or Chau Ly).).<ref>[http://library.thinkquest.org/25734/h/history10.html Tran Dynasty]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kingdom of Champa|url=http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Article/549713|publisher=ancientworld|accessdate=2008-03-06}}</ref> |
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The Hòn La bay is 4-km<sup>2</sup>, with the depth up to 15 m, suitable to develop into a deep-water sea port. A port is currently ({{As of|2006|lc=on}}) under construction north of Đồng Hới. When finished it will be able to accommodate ships up to 50,000 metric tons, on a 32ha of land, has a loading capacity of 10-12 million tonnes per year and is expected to facilitate business for Quảng Bình's industrial and economic zones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-3069037/Hon-La-Port-to-be.html|title=Hon La Port to be linked with mainland (Shipping News in brief)|publisher=Ecnext|date=2003-06-09|access-date=2008-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/showarticle.php?num=05SOC280108|title=President Triet tours provinces|publisher=Vietnamnews|date=2008-01-28|access-date=2008-03-06}}</ref> |
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Two industrial parks (north-west Đồng Hới Industrial Park and Hòn La Industrial Park) are under construction and partially available to investors. The city achieved an average economic growth rate of 12.32% during 2010–2013 period. The economic contributors for 2013 were as follows: industry and construction accounting for 35.5%, services 50.9%, agriculture-forestry-fishery 13.6%. GDP per capita in 2015 was $3871,3.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://baoxaydung.com.vn/news/vn/thoi-su/de-nghi-cong-nhan-thanh-pho-dong-hoi-la-do-thi-loai-ii.html|title=Đề nghị công nhân thành phố Đồng Hới là đô thị loại II | Thời sự|date=23 July 2014}}</ref> |
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During the time of the [[Trinh-Nguyen War|Trịnh-Nguyễn War]] ([[1558]]–[[1775]]), Vietnam was divided into two countries: Dang Trong (South) and Dang Ngoai (North) with the [[Gianh River]] as frontier line. Đồng Hới was an important fortress of the southern [[Nguyen Lords|Nguyễn Lords]]. The Đồng Hới Wall (Vietnamese: ''Thành Đồng Hới'') was considered the barrier which protected the Nguyễn Lords from the attack by northern [[Trinh Lords|Trịnh]] family. During the [[Indochina War]] (between the [[France|French]] and the [[Viet Minh]] in [[1950s]]), the Đồng Hới airbase was used by the French to attack both the Viet Minh in north-central Vietnam and the Laotian [[Pathet Lao|Pathet Lao Army]] in central and southern Laos. During the [[Vietnam War]], Đồng Hới was heavily devastated by bombardments from the [[United States|U.S.]] [[B-52]] due to its location near [[seventeenth parallel]] and the [[Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone|Demilitarized Zone]] between [[North Vietnam]] and [[South Vietnam]]. <ref>[http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/580550522.html?dids=580550522:580550522&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Feb+08%2C+1965&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=U.+S.+Hits+Dong+Hoi+Again%2C+Russ+Say&pqatl=google U. S. Hits Dong Hoi Again, Russ Say]</ref><ref>[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60617FF3C54137A93CAA9178AD85F478785F9 B-52's Raid Supply Routes South of the 20th Parallel; U. S. Planes, by Mistake, Bomb Base at Da Nang and Wound 10 Emergency Program Ordered Loss of A-7 Reported 2 Cambodian Villages Periled]</ref>. On April 19th, 1972, during a major North Vietnam offensive, a task force of four US ships was sailing off the coast of Vietnam . They were the [[USS Higbee DD806]], [[USS Oklahoma City CG-5]], [[USS Sterett CG-31]], and the [[Lloyd Thomas DD 764]]. They were attacked by three North Vietnamese MiGs in an attack known as [[battle of Dong Hoi]]. In an attempt to surprise the task force, the MiGs came in low, described as getting their feet wet. Despite the official stories, USS Sterett, CG-31, Cruising at Sea. They did not surprise the task force, which had spotted them long before engagement range and were ready to shoot. Two ships, the Oklahoma City , and the Sterett, had anti-aircraft missiles, while the Higbee and the Lloyd Thomas were armed with dual purpose 5” guns. All ships were at battle stations. This city is also the narrowest land of Vietnam (around 40 km from the east to the west) After the [[fall of Saigon]] on [[April 30]], [[1975]], Quảng Bình province was merged into Bình Trị Thiên province (Bình Trị Thiên is the abbreviation of Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, and Thừa Thiên provinces). In 1990, Bình Trị Thiên was once again separated into three provinces as it had been before. Đồng Hới then became the capital of Quảng Bình province. |
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==Education== |
==Education== |
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Đồng Hới is home to [[Quảng Bình University]], a multidisciplinary university. There are several schools here, notably [[Võ Nguyên Giáp Gifted High School]],Phan Đình Phùng High School, Đồng Hới High School and Đào Duy Từ High School. |
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==See also== |
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== See also == |
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*[[Bau Tro]] |
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* [[Đồng Hới Citadel]] |
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*[http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=17511878&x=106609011&z=15&l=0&m=a&v=2 Đồng Hới on wikimapia] |
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==Referrences== |
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== References == |
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<references/> |
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{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* {{Commons category-inline}} |
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*[http://www.terragalleria.com/vietnam/vietnam.dong-hoi.html Some images of Đồng Hới] |
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* {{wikivoyage-inline}} |
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*[http://ven.org.vn/view_news.php?id=5979 Đồng Hới town became city] |
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*[http:// |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061231063846/http://www.ven.org.vn/view_news.php?id=5979 Đồng Hới town became city] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170505104955/http://donghoi.gov.vn/ Website office of Đồng Hới city] |
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* [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=17511878&x=106609011&z=15&l=0&m=a&v=2 Đồng Hới on wikimapia] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071101023141/http://www.donghoi.gov.vn/chuyenmuc.php?iCha=13&module=gallery Đồng Hới by images] |
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{{Cities in Vietnam}} |
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{{Districts of North Central Coast}} |
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{{Quang Binh Province}} |
{{Quang Binh Province}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dong Hoi}} |
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[[Category:Đồng Hới| ]] |
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[[Category:Populated places in Quảng Bình province]] |
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[[Category:Districts of Quảng Bình province]] |
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[[Category:Cities in Vietnam]] |
[[Category:Cities in Vietnam]] |
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[[Category:Provincial capitals in Vietnam]] |
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[[eo:Dong Hoi]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:08, 22 August 2024
Đồng Hới
Thành phố Đồng Hới | |
|---|---|
| Đồng Hới City | |
 Aerial view of the city. | |
| Nickname: City of Roses | |
 | |
  Đồng Hới Location in Vietnam | |
| Coordinates: 17°28′59″N 106°35′59″E / 17.48306°N 106.59972°E | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Province | Quảng Bình |
| Government | |
| • Type | City municipality |
| Area | |
| • City (Class-2) | 155.71 km2 (60.12 sq mi) |
| Population (2019 census) | |
| • City (Class-2) | 133,672 |
| • Density | 860/km2 (2,200/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 91,601 (69%) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (Vietnam) |
| Airport | Đồng Hới Airport (domestic) |
| Climate | Am |
| Website | [1] |
Đồng Hới () is the capital city of Quảng Bình Province in the north central coast of Vietnam. The city's area is 155.71 km2 (60.12 sq mi). Population as per the 2019 census was 133,672.[1][2] It is served by National Highway 1A, the Đồng Hới Railway Station, and airport. By road, Đồng Hới is 486 kilometres (302 mi) south of Hanoi, 195 kilometres (121 mi) south of Vinh, 160 kilometres (99 mi) north of Huế and 1,204 kilometres (748 mi) north of Hồ Chí Minh City.[3] It borders Quảng Ninh District on the west and south, the South China Sea on the east, Bố Trạch District on the north.[4][5]
Đồng Hới has a 12-km-long coastline with white sand beaches.[6] It is the closest city to Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, UNESCO's World Natural Heritage Site, 50 km north.
History
[edit]Archaeological excavation in this area proved that humans lived in what is now Quảng Bình province in the Stone Age. Many artifacts, such as ceramic vases, stone tools, and china, have been unearthed in Quảng Bình.[5][7]
In 1926, French archaeologist Madeleine Colani discovered and excavated many artifacts in caves and grottoes in west mountainous areas of Quảng Bình. She concluded that the Hòa Bình culture existed in this region. Through C14 testing, the artifacts dated back to 10,509 (plus or minus 950) years ago. From Quy Đạt township (Tuyên Hóa District) to south-west about 150 m, the Hum grotto contains many stone tools and animal stones from an ancient human community. Inside Khai grotto near the Quy Đạt township, similar artifacts were found, including ceramics from Đông Sơn culture. Additionally, artifacts of the Stone Age were unearthed in grottoes in the Quảng Bình region. Owners of these artifacts lived in the caves and grottoes and hunted for their food.[5]
Human settlement in Đồng Hới can be traced 5,000 years back. Many relics and remnants have been found in Bau Tro, a lake in the city, most of which date to the Stone Age. Around 2880 BC, the site of modern Đồng Hới was a territory of the Viet Thuong tribe of Văn Lang during the reign of king Hùng Vương. The site was a long-disputed territory between the Champa kingdom and Đại Việt. It officially became Đại Việt territory in 1069 after Lý Thường Kiệt took victory over Champa as a result of the Đại Việt-Champa War (1069).
The area ceased to be the southernmost of Đại Việt following the political marriage of the Trần dynasty princess, Huyền Trân, to Champa king, Jaya Sinhavarman III (Vietnamese: Chế Mân). Princess Huyền Trân was king Trần Nhân Tông's daughter and king Trần Anh Tông's younger sister. Political matches made to acquire land was a traditional practice by Champa kings. Thanks to this marriage, Đại Việt acquired lands (as dowry) of what is now Quảng Trị Province and Thừa Thiên–Huế Province (provinces which were then known respectively as Chau O and Chau Ri or Chau Ly).[8][9]
During the time of the Trịnh–Nguyễn War (1558–1775), Vietnam was divided into two countries: Dang Trong (South) and Dang Ngoai (North) with the Gianh River as frontier line. Đồng Hới was an important fortress of the southern Nguyễn lords. The Đồng Hới Wall (Vietnamese: Thành Đồng Hới) was considered the barrier that protected the Nguyễn lords from the attack by the northern Trịnh family.
During the First Indochina War (between the French and the Viet Minh in the 1950s), the Đồng Hới airbase was used by the French to attack the Viet Minh in north-central Vietnam and the Laotian Pathet Lao army in central and southern Laos. During the Vietnam War, Đồng Hới was heavily devastated by bombardments from United States B-52 bombers due to its location near the 17th parallel and the DMZ between North Vietnam and South Vietnam.[10][11]
On February 11, 1965, bombing destroyed much of the city. The Tam Tòa Church, a Catholic cathedral, was severely damaged. Today the bell tower remains near the town center as a monument.
On 19 April 1972, during a major North Vietnam offensive, a task force of four US ships were sailing off the coast of Vietnam — USS Oklahoma City, USS Sterett, USS Lloyd Thomas and USS Higbee. They were attacked by three North Vietnamese MiG aircraft in the Battle of Đồng Hới. In an attempt to surprise the task force, the MiGs came in low, described as "getting their feet wet." Despite the official stories, they did not surprise the task force, which had spotted them long before engagement range and were ready to shoot. Two ships, Oklahoma City and Sterett, had anti-aircraft missiles, while Higbee and Lloyd Thomas were armed with dual purpose 5-inch (127 mm) guns. All ships were at battle stations.
This city is the narrowest land of Vietnam (around 40 km from the east to the west). After the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975, Quảng Bình province was merged into Bình Trị Thiên province (Bình Trị Thiên is the abbreviation of Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, and Thừa Thiên provinces). In 1990, Bình Trị Thiên was once again separated into three provinces as it had been before. Đồng Hới then became the capital of Quảng Bình province.
Geography
[edit]Location
[edit]
Đồng Hới is on the National Route 1, North–South Railway, and Ho Chi Minh Highway, at the coordinates 17 21' N and 106 10’ E. This city is in the heart of Quảng Bình Province. It borders Bố Trạch on the north, Quảng Ninh on the south, the South China Sea on the east and Quảng Ninh on the west. It is 50 km south of Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, 50 km north of Bang Spa, 180 km south-east of Cha Lo border gate with Laos. It has a coastline of 12 km. Nhật Lệ River is the only river that runs through the city. Tro Lake is the source of fresh water. The Nhật Lệ Beach is endowed with fine and white sand.[4]
Transportation
[edit]There are many ways to get to Dong Hoi from Hue, such as local bus at Hue North Bus Station. There are taxis from city center bus station (6 km). The bus fare is around $8. It takes 3.5 hours to drive to Dong Hoi/Quang Binh Town.
Climate
[edit]Like all provinces in north and north central Vietnam, there are four distinct seasons in Đồng Hới. Despite these distinct seasons, and an annual temperature range of 10.8 °C or 19.4 °F, Đồng Hới still has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) as the mean temperature of the coolest month is 18.8 °C or 65.8 °F. The average annual temperature is 24.7 °C or 76.5 °F, average rainfall varies from 1,300 to 4,000 millimetres or 50 to 160 inches, total sunshine hours per year is 1,783 hours, and average annual humidity is around 82%. The city sees three types of wind: south-east (gió nồm), south-west (gió Lào), and north-east.
In the “spring”, Đồng Hới is very warm, humid and foggy. Although the city is by the sea, its climate is subject to drought and heat in the summer. This is largely due to the dry south-west wind from Gulf of Thailand. This flow of wind is wet but when it passes onto Vietnam, the Annamite Range releases its moisture to cause rains in Laos but drought in central Vietnam. It is rainy in the northeast monsoon (“fall”) and the weather is very warm (26 to 31 °C or 78.8 to 87.8 °F) although with extremely high relative humidity due to the moist air from the northeast monsoon. In the winter, due to the north-east wind blowing from the Siberia mainland, the temperature may go down below 18 °C or 64.4 °F, and there may be slight rain. The highest rainfall occurs in October (649 millimetres or 25.6 inches), compared to just 39 millimetres or 1.5 inches in Februarys. The highest temperature recorded was 43.2 °C on 30 April 2024, while the lowest was 6.7 °C on 24 January 2016.
| Climate data for Đồng Hới | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.7 (94.5) |
37.2 (99.0) |
39.8 (103.6) |
43.2 (109.8) |
42.2 (108.0) |
41.8 (107.2) |
40.9 (105.6) |
41.5 (106.7) |
40.9 (105.6) |
37.4 (99.3) |
35.0 (95.0) |
29.8 (85.6) |
43.2 (109.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.7 (71.1) |
22.3 (72.1) |
24.9 (76.8) |
28.8 (83.8) |
32.4 (90.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.9 (93.0) |
33.1 (91.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
28.2 (82.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.7 (71.1) |
24.9 (76.8) |
28.1 (82.6) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.1 (77.2) |
22.6 (72.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
24.7 (76.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) |
17.6 (63.7) |
19.7 (67.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
25.0 (77.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.0 (78.8) |
24.3 (75.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.1 (70.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
8.0 (46.4) |
8.0 (46.4) |
11.7 (53.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
19.9 (67.8) |
17.8 (64.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
7.8 (46.0) |
6.7 (44.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 59.4 (2.34) |
39.9 (1.57) |
43.2 (1.70) |
60.8 (2.39) |
115.6 (4.55) |
78.9 (3.11) |
75.5 (2.97) |
166.1 (6.54) |
472.5 (18.60) |
649.1 (25.56) |
318.7 (12.55) |
125.1 (4.93) |
2,189.7 (86.21) |
| Average rainy days | 11.8 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 9.2 | 10.1 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 11.0 | 15.8 | 19.3 | 17.4 | 14.2 | 145.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 87.5 | 89.4 | 89.0 | 86.7 | 79.5 | 72.2 | 70.6 | 75.3 | 83.5 | 86.0 | 85.3 | 85.4 | 82.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 89.9 | 74.5 | 106.3 | 159.1 | 232.8 | 224.3 | 234.6 | 198.1 | 168.1 | 129.2 | 95.6 | 73.3 | 1,783.9 |
| Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[12] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: The Yearbook of Indochina[13] | |||||||||||||
Topography and geology
[edit]The city has diverse topographical and geological features, including hill, mountainous, half mountainous, coastal plains and coastal sand dunes.
The hilly region is in the west, stretching from north to south (in parts of communes: Dong Son, Thuan Duc) with an average elevation of 12–15 m, with total area of 64.93 km2, 41.7% of the city total area. Residents here live on agriculture, forestry, farming. The soil in this area is poor in nutrition, infertile and subject to continuous erosion due to its slope of 7-10%.
The half hilly region surrounds a plain with an average elevation of 10 m from north-east - north to north-west – south-west and south – south-east.[clarification needed] This region covers commues and wards of Bắc Lý, Nam Lý, Nghĩa Ninh, Bắc Nghĩa, Đức Ninh, Đức Ninh Đông, Lộc Ninh and Phú Hải with total area of 62.87 km2, or accounts for 40.2% of the city total area. Residents here lives on industrial, handcraft, trading and a small percentage lives on farming. This region is not very fertile, subject to alum. However, thanks to the heavy distribution of rivers and lakes, ponds and pools, it's better for agriculture than the hilly region. The plain with the average of 2.1 m, with little slope, accounting for 0.2% of the city area (5.76 km2). Most of the city's commercial, administrative and main streets concentrate in this narrow regions. Coastal sand dune area is on the east of the city, with an area of 21.98 km2, making up 14,3% of the total area.[citation needed]
Administration
[edit]Đồng Hới is subdivided into 16 subdivisions: 10 urban wards (phường) and 6 rural communes (xã).[2]
| No. | Name | Population 2009 | Area (km2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inner wards (Ward): | ||||||
| 1. | Bắc Lý | 18,158 | 10.19 | |||
| 2. | Bắc Nghĩa | 6,981 | 7.76 | |||
| 3. | Đồng Mỹ | 2,757 | 0.58 | |||
| 4. | Đồng Phú | 8,646 | 3.81 | |||
| 5. | Đồng Sơn | 9,127 | 19.65 | |||
| 6. | Đức Ninh Đông | 5,031 | 3.13 | |||
| 7. | Hải Đình | 3,878 | 8.822 | |||
| 8. | Hải Thành | 4,774 | 2.45 | |||
| 9. | Nam Lý | 16,412 | 3.9 | |||
| 10. | Phú Hải | 3,581 | 3.06 | |||
| Total inner wards | 10 Ward | 71,620 | 55.47 | |||
| Suburban communes (Commune): | ||||||
| 11. | Bảo Ninh | 8,906 | 16.3 | |||
| 12. | Đức Ninh | 7,526 | 5.21 | |||
| 13. | Lộc Ninh | 8,647 | 13.4 | |||
| 14. | Nghĩa Ninh | 4,642 | 16.22 | |||
| 15. | Quang Phú | 3,178 | 3.23 | |||
| 16. | Thuận Đức | 3,788 | 45.28 | |||
| Total suburban communes | 6 Commune | 36,906 | 100.24 | |||
| 10 phường, 6 Commune | 108,526 | 155.71 | ||||
Tourism
[edit]
Bảo Ninh Beach
Đồng Hới is endowed with beautiful beaches with fine sand and clean water of Nhật Lệ. The Da Nhay and Ly Hoa beaches (60 km north of the city) are popular tourist destinations. The Bang Spa (hot mineral spring) is ideal for those who enjoy spa baths. The city is 50 km south of the World Heritage Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park which is ideal for cave and grotto exploration and biological research activities (mainly Phong Nha Cave and, from September 2010, Thiên Đường Cave and Sơn Đoòng Cave are available for visitors).
Đồng Hới is included in former battlefield tours where travelers can visit once-dangerous fields along the Annamite Range and the Hồ Chí Minh trail.[14]
Đồng Hới is accessible by road (National Route 1 (Vietnam) - Asian Highway 1, Hồ Chí Minh Highway), by rail at Đồng Hới Railway Station on the Hà Nội–Hồ Chí Minh City Railway, or by air from Hà Nội or Hồ Chí Minh City at Đồng Hới Airport.
Đồng Hới Airport was put into use on 18 May 2008,[15] and the first commercial flight was from Hanoi's Noi Bai International Airport, followed by air link with Ho Chi Minh City's Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport from 1 July 2009.[16]
The city provides tourists with 98 hotels and guest-houses from 1 to 3-star hotels like Cosevco Hotel (which is closed and not available for booking), Saigon-Quảng Bình Hotel, Nam Long Hotel and Nam Long Plus Hotel (all available for online booking through several sites) and the 4-star resort of Sun Spa Resort. The cuisine includes seafood, the traditional "hot pot", Vietnamese and European-style meals. In 2005, the city welcomed nearly 300,000 visitors.[citation needed] Flagstick broke ground on another new project on February 1 – FLC Dong Hoi Golf Links in Quang Binh Province.
A complex of 10 contiguous golf courses, three clubhouses, more than 1,000 villas, a large resort hotel, commercial village and convention centre is under construction in seaside area of Dong Hoi and Quang Ninh District, Le Thuy District, which is scheduled to achieve the completion of all construction of the first phase by November 2016, with spring 2017 set as the opening date for play.[17]
Economy
[edit]The Hòn La bay is 4-km2, with the depth up to 15 m, suitable to develop into a deep-water sea port. A port is currently (as of 2006[update]) under construction north of Đồng Hới. When finished it will be able to accommodate ships up to 50,000 metric tons, on a 32ha of land, has a loading capacity of 10-12 million tonnes per year and is expected to facilitate business for Quảng Bình's industrial and economic zones.[18][19]
Two industrial parks (north-west Đồng Hới Industrial Park and Hòn La Industrial Park) are under construction and partially available to investors. The city achieved an average economic growth rate of 12.32% during 2010–2013 period. The economic contributors for 2013 were as follows: industry and construction accounting for 35.5%, services 50.9%, agriculture-forestry-fishery 13.6%. GDP per capita in 2015 was $3871,3.[20]
Education
[edit]Đồng Hới is home to Quảng Bình University, a multidisciplinary university. There are several schools here, notably Võ Nguyên Giáp Gifted High School,Phan Đình Phùng High School, Đồng Hới High School and Đào Duy Từ High School.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Đồng Hới (District-level City, Quảng Bình, Vietnam) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
- ^ a b "Official website". Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2011-08-31.
- ^ "Du lịch đường bộ". Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2011-07-29.
- ^ a b "Quang Binh". Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
- ^ a b c Quảng Bình, Nuoc non huyen dieu, Van Nghe Publishing House, 2000, pp. 14-17.
- ^ "Trang thông tin du lịch tổng hợp - Du Lịch Việt Nam". dulichvietnam.com.vn. Retrieved Sep 1, 2022.
- ^ "Evidence for Culture Development in Vietnam during the Middle Holocene". Archived from the original on 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
- ^ "Trần Dynasty". Archived from the original on 2008-03-03. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
- ^ "Kingdom of Champa". ancientworld. Archived from the original on 2011-05-11. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
- ^ U. S. Hits Dong Hoi Again, Russ Say
- ^ "B‐52's Raid Supply Routes South of the 20th Parallel". Jan 8, 1973. Retrieved Sep 1, 2022 – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ "QCVN 02:2022/BXD Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về Số liệu điều kiện tự nhiên dùng trong xây dựng" (in Vietnamese).
- ^ Archived copy Archived 10 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "nkf-mt.org.uk". www.nkf-mt.org.uk. Retrieved Sep 1, 2022.
- ^ "Construction begins on new Quang Binh airport". Vietnam News. 1 September 2004. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
- ^ "Flag carrier to launch HCMC – Đồng Hới route in early July". Communist Party of Vietnam. 15 June 2009. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
- ^ "Flagstick to the Fore as Golf Takes Off in Vietnam". golfbusinessnews.com. 2016-02-12. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
- ^ "Hon La Port to be linked with mainland (Shipping News in brief)". Ecnext. 2003-06-09. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
- ^ "President Triet tours provinces". Vietnamnews. 2008-01-28. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
- ^ "Đề nghị công nhân thành phố Đồng Hới là đô thị loại II | Thời sự". 23 July 2014.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Dong Hoi at Wikimedia Commons
Đồng Hới travel guide from Wikivoyage- Đồng Hới town became city
- Website office of Đồng Hới city
- Đồng Hới on wikimapia
- Đồng Hới by images
| Thanh Hóa province |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Nghệ An province | ||
| Hà Tĩnh province | ||
| Quảng Bình province |
| |
| Quảng Trị province | ||
| Thừa Thiên Huế province |
| |
※ denotes provincial seat. | ||
Capital: Đồng Hới | ||
| Đồng Hới |  | |
| Ba Đồn | ||
| Bố Trạch District | ||
| Lệ Thủy District | ||
| Minh Hóa District | ||
| Quảng Ninh District | ||
| Quảng Trạch District | ||
| Tuyên Hóa District | ||
| Authority control databases: Geographic |
|---|
