1827 in literature: Difference between revisions
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{{Year nav topic5|1827|literature|poetry}} |
{{Year nav topic5|1827|literature|poetry}} |
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This article |
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of '''1827'''. |
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==Events== |
==Events== |
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* |
*January – [[Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin]] begins his Irish-language diary, later published as ''[[Cín Lae Amhlaoibh]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pikle.co.uk/diaryjunction/data/osullivan.html |work=The Diary Junction |title=O'Sullivan, Humphrey_1780-1837_Irish_teacher, tradesman |publisher=PiKLe |date=July 2008 |accessdate=2013-04-06}}</ref> |
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*[[January 27]] – [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] first elaborates on his vision of ''[[Weltliteratur]]'' (world literature), in a letter to Johann Peter Eckermann, declaring his belief that "poetry is the universal possession of mankind", and that "the epoch of world literature is at hand, and each must work to hasten its coming."<ref>{{cite book|first=Theo|last=D'haen|title=The Routledge Concise History of World Literature|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|page=5}}</ref> |
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* [[January 30]] – The first public theatre in Norway, the [[Christiania Offentlige Theater]], is inaugurated in Christiania (modern-day [[Oslo]]). |
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| ⚫ | *[[February 23]] – Sir [[Walter Scott]]'s authorship of the [[Waverley Novels]] is first publicly acknowledged at an Edinburgh Theatrical Fund dinner.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/biography/chronology.html |work=The Walter Scott Digital Archive |title=Walter Scott – Chronology |publisher=Edinburgh University Library |date=2008-10-13 |accessdate=2013-04-06}}</ref> |
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* [[Samuel Griswold Goodrich]] |
*[[February 24]] – [[Samuel Griswold Goodrich]] copyrights the first of the "Peter Parley" juvenile books in the United States, which will continue until 1860.<ref name="KrieberneggMaierhofer2014">{{cite book|author1=Ulla Kriebernegg|author2=Roberta Maierhofer|author3=Barbara Ratzenböck|title=Alive and Kicking at All Ages: Cultural Constructions of Health and Life Course Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXqiBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA298|date=30 June 2014|publisher=transcript Verlag|isbn=978-3-8394-2582-4|pages=298–}}</ref> |
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*June – [[John Neal (writer)|John Neal]] returns to the US after two and a half years in England.<ref>{{cite book | last = Sears | first = Donald A. | title = John Neal | publisher = Twayne Publishers | location = Boston, Massachusetts | year = 1978 | isbn = 080-5-7723-08 | page = 11}}</ref> |
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* [[Swedes|Swedish]] theatre director [[Johan Peter Strömberg]] opens what will become the [[Christiania Theatre]] in Norway. |
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*[[September 4]] – The [[Great Fire of Turku]] (the largest city in [[Finland]] at that time) destroys Finnish archives, including practically all material from Finland's Middle Ages. The library of the [[Royal Academy of Turku]] is also destroyed.<ref>{{cite book|author=Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura|title=Skating on the Sea: Poetry from Finland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ynGAAAAAIAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Bloodaxe|isbn=978-1-85224-388-3|page=84}}</ref> |
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*''unknown dates'' |
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**The Swedish theatre director [[Johan Peter Strömberg]] establishes what will become the [[Christiania Theatre]] in Norway.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Claude Schumacher|author2=John Northam|author3=Glynne W. Wickham|title=Naturalism and Symbolism in European Theatre 1850-1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tanPYs6ArLIC&pg=PA261|date=26 September 1996|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-23014-8|pages=261–}}</ref> |
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==New books== |
==New books== |
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===Fiction=== |
===Fiction=== |
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* [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton]] – ''[[Falkland (novel)|Falkland]]'' |
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*[[Lady Charlotte Bury]] – ''[[Flirtation (novel)|Flirtation]]'' |
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*[[James Fenimore Cooper]] |
*[[James Fenimore Cooper]] |
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**''[[The Prairie]]'' |
**''[[The Prairie]]'' |
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*[[Wilhelm Hauff]] |
*[[Wilhelm Hauff]] |
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**''[[Jud Süß (Hauff novel)|Jud Süß]]'' |
**''[[Jud Süß (Hauff novel)|Jud Süß]]'' |
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**''Phantasien im Bremer Ratskeller'' ( |
**''Phantasien im Bremer Ratskeller'' (The Wine-Ghosts of Bremen) |
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*[[Christian Isobel Johnstone]] – ''Elizabeth de Bruce'' |
*[[Christian Isobel Johnstone]] – ''Elizabeth de Bruce'' |
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*Sir [[Thomas Dick Lauder]] – ''The Wolf of Badenoch'' |
*Sir [[Thomas Dick Lauder]] – ''The Wolf of Badenoch'' |
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*[[Jane C. Loudon|Jane Webb]] (anonymously) – ''[[The Mummy!: Or a Tale of the Twenty-Second Century]]'' |
*[[Jane C. Loudon|Jane Webb]] (anonymously) – ''[[The Mummy!: Or a Tale of the Twenty-Second Century]]'' |
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*[[Alessandro Manzoni]] – ''I Promessi sposi |
*[[Alessandro Manzoni]] – ''I Promessi sposi ([[The Betrothed (Manzoni novel)|The Betrothed]])'' |
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*[[Sydney, Lady Morgan]] – ''The O'Briens and The O'Flaherties'' |
*[[Sydney, Lady Morgan]] – ''The O'Briens and The O'Flaherties'' |
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*[[Karoline Pichler]] – ''Die Schweden in Prag'' ( |
*[[Karoline Pichler]] – ''Die Schweden in Prag'' (The Swedes in Prague) |
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*Sir [[Walter Scott]] – ''[[Chronicles of the Canongate]]'' |
*Sir [[Walter Scott]] – ''[[Chronicles of the Canongate]]'' |
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*[[Catharine Maria Sedgwick]] – ''[[Hope Leslie]]'' |
*[[Catharine Maria Sedgwick]] – ''[[Hope Leslie]]'' |
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===Drama=== |
===Drama=== |
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*[[John Baldwin Buckstone]] – ''Luke the Labourer'' |
*[[John Baldwin Buckstone]] – ''[[Luke the Labourer]]'' |
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*[[Christian Dietrich Grabbe]] – ''Herzog Theodor von Gotland'' |
*[[Christian Dietrich Grabbe]] – ''Herzog Theodor von Gotland'' |
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* [[Thomas Colley Grattan]] – ''[[Ben Nazir, the Saracen|Ben Nazir]]'' |
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* [[James Kenney (dramatist)|James Kenney]] – ''[[Forget and Forgive (play)|Forget and Forgive]]'' |
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* [[Thomas Morton (playwright)|Thomas Morton]] – ''[[A School for Grown Children]]'' |
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* [[Richard Brinsley Peake]] – ''Comfortable Lodgings'' |
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*[[Victor Hugo]] – ''[[Cromwell (play)|Cromwell]]'' |
*[[Victor Hugo]] – ''[[Cromwell (play)|Cromwell]]'' |
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===Poetry=== |
===Poetry=== |
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*[[Fitz-Greene Halleck]] – ''Alnwick Castle, with Other Poems'' |
*[[Fitz-Greene Halleck]] – ''Alnwick Castle, with Other Poems'' |
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*[[Heinrich Heine]] – ''Buch der Lieder'' ( |
*[[Heinrich Heine]] – ''Buch der Lieder'' (Book of Songs) |
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*[[John Keble]] – ''[[The Christian Year]]'' |
*[[John Keble]] – ''[[The Christian Year]]'' |
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*[[Giacomo Leopardi]] – ''[[Small Moral Works|Operette Morali]]'' |
*[[Giacomo Leopardi]] – ''[[Small Moral Works|Operette Morali]]'' |
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*[[Robert Pollok]] – ''[[The Course of Time]]'' |
*[[Robert Pollok (poet)|Robert Pollok]] – ''[[The Course of Time]]'' |
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*[[Edgar Allan Poe]] (as |
*[[Edgar Allan Poe]] (as ''A Bostonian'') – ''[[Tamerlane and Other Poems]]'' (his first poetry collection) |
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*[[Alexander Pushkin]] - ''[[The Gypsies (poem)|The Gypsies]]'' |
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*[[Alfred, Lord Tennyson|Alfred]] and [[Charles Tennyson Turner|Charles Tennyson]] – ''Poems by Two Brothers'' |
*[[Alfred, Lord Tennyson|Alfred]] and [[Charles Tennyson Turner|Charles Tennyson]] – ''Poems by Two Brothers'' |
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===Non-fiction=== |
===Non-fiction=== |
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*[[Elizabeth Beverley]] – ''Veluti in speculum'' (letters on church singing, theater management, elocution etc.) |
*[[Elizabeth Beverley]] – ''Veluti in speculum'' (letters on church singing, theater management, elocution etc.) |
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*[[Franz Bopp]] – ''Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der Sanskritsprache'' (Detailed System of the Sanskrit Language) |
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*''[[Encyclopædia Edinensis]]'' |
*''[[Encyclopædia Edinensis]]'' |
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*[[Henry Hallam]] – ''The Constitutional History of England'' |
*[[Henry Hallam]] – ''The Constitutional History of England'' |
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==Births== |
==Births== |
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*[[February 22]] – [[Bhudev Mukhopadhyay]], Bengali writer and philosopher (died [[1894 in literature|1894]]) |
*[[February 22]] – [[Bhudev Mukhopadhyay]], Bengali writer and philosopher (died [[1894 in literature|1894]]) |
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*[[March |
*[[March 3]] – [[H. B. Goodwin]], American novelist, poet and educator (died [[1893 in literature|1893]]) |
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*[[March 4]] – [[Henrietta Keddie]] (Sarah Tytler), Scottish novelist and children's writer (died [[1914 in literature|1914]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ewan |first1=Elizabeth L. |last2=Innes |first2=Sue |last3=Reynolds |first3=Sian|last4=Pipes |first4=Rose |title=The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women |date=2006 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=9780748626601 |page=189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zs6qBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA189|language=en}}</ref> |
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*[[March 25]] – [[Edward Bradley (writer)|Edward Bradley]], English novelist and cleric (died [[1889 in literature|1889]]) |
*[[March 25]] – [[Edward Bradley (writer)|Edward Bradley]], English novelist and cleric (died [[1889 in literature|1889]]) |
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*[[April 10]] – [[Mary Helen Peck Crane]], American activist and writer (died [[1891 in literature|1891]]) |
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*[[April 10]] – [[Lew Wallace]], American soldier, politician and novelist (died [[1905 in literature|1905]]) |
*[[April 10]] – [[Lew Wallace]], American soldier, politician and novelist (died [[1905 in literature|1905]]) |
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*[[April 16]] – [[Octave Crémazie]], |
*[[April 16]] – [[Octave Crémazie]], pioneering French Canadian poet (died [[1879 in literature|1879]]) |
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*[[June 12]] – [[Johanna Spyri]], Swiss children's author (died [[1901 in literature|1901]]) |
*[[June 12]] – [[Johanna Spyri]], Swiss children's author (died [[1901 in literature|1901]]) |
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*[[September 13]] – [[Catherine Winkworth]], English translator and hymnist (died [[1878 in literature|1878]]) |
*[[September 13]] – [[Catherine Winkworth]], English translator and hymnist (died [[1878 in literature|1878]]) |
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*[[September 18]] – [[John Townsend Trowbridge]], American author (died [[1916 in literature|1916]]) |
*[[September 18]] – [[John Townsend Trowbridge]], American author (died [[1916 in literature|1916]]) |
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*''probable'' – [[Margaret Eleanor Parker]], English-born Scottish travel writer, social activist and social reformer (died [[1896 in literature|1896]]) |
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==Deaths== |
==Deaths== |
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*[[February 9]] – [[Emily S. Bouton]], American educator, journalist, author and editor (born [[1837 in literature|1837]]) |
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*[[February 18]] – [[Joseph Heinrich Aloysius Gügler]], Swiss philosopher and theologian (born [[1782 in literature|1782]]) |
*[[February 18]] – [[Joseph Heinrich Aloysius Gügler]], Swiss philosopher and theologian (born [[1782 in literature|1782]]) |
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*[[May 28]] – [[William James (naval historian)|William James]], English naval historian (born [[1780 in literature|1780]]) |
*[[May 28]] – [[William James (naval historian)|William James]], English naval historian (born [[1780 in literature|1780]]) |
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*[[July 3]] – [[David Davis (Castellhywel)]], Welsh minister and poet (born [[1745 in literature|1745]]) |
*[[July 3]] – [[David Davis (Castellhywel)]], Welsh minister and poet (born [[1745 in literature|1745]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Mardy Rees|title=Notable Welshmen (1700-1900): ... with Brief Notes, in Chronological Order, and Authorities. Also a Complete Alphabetical Index|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXM_AQAAMAAJ|year=1908|publisher=Herald Office|page=161}}</ref> |
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*[[July 22]] – [[Ludwig Heinrich von Jakob]], German economist (born [[1759 in literature|1759]]) |
*[[July 22]] – [[Ludwig Heinrich von Jakob]], German economist (born [[1759 in literature|1759]]) |
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*[[July 27]] – [[Fredrique Eleonore Baptiste]], Swedish-Finnish playwright |
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*[[August 12]] – [[William Blake]], English poet and artist (born [[1757 in literature|1757]])<ref>{{cite web |title=William Blake |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/william-blake/ |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=27 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> |
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*[[September 15]] – [[Robert Pollok]], Scottish poet (born c. 1798) |
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*[[ |
*[[September 15]] – [[Robert Pollok (poet)|Robert Pollok]], Scottish poet (born c. 1798) |
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*[[October 10]] – [[Ugo Foscolo]], Greek-born Italian dramatist and poet (born [[1778 in literature|1778]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Conte Pietro Orsi|title=Modern Italy, 1748-1898|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dcM4AAAAMAAJ|year=1900|publisher=G. P. Putnam's sons|page=350}}</ref> |
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*November – [[Alethea Lewis]], English novelist (born [[1749 in literature|1749]]) |
*November – [[Alethea Lewis]], English novelist (born [[1749 in literature|1749]]) |
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*[[November 18]] – [[Wilhelm Hauff]], German poet and novelist (born [[1802 in literature|1802]]) |
*[[November 18]] – [[Wilhelm Hauff]], German poet and novelist (born [[1802 in literature|1802]]) |
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*[[December 15]] – [[Helen Maria Williams]], English novelist, poet and translator from French (born [[1759 in literature|1759]]) |
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*[[December 26]] – [[Feliks Jarońskij]], Polish philosopher (born [[1777 in literature|1777]]) |
*[[December 26]] – [[Feliks Jarońskij]], Polish philosopher (born [[1777 in literature|1777]]) |
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==Awards== |
==Awards== |
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*[[Newdigate Prize]] – [[Robert Stephen Hawker]] |
*[[Newdigate Prize]] – [[Robert Stephen Hawker]] |
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==In literature== |
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*[[May 12]] – Establishment of the Pickwick Club, according to [[Charles Dickens]]' ''[[The Pickwick Papers]]'' ([[1836 in literature|1836]]). |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:1827 In Literature}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:1827 In Literature}} |
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{{Year in literature article categories}} |
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[[Category:1827 books|*]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1827 in literature| ]] |
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[[Category:Years of the 19th century in literature]] |
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in literature]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:12, 27 August 2024
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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1827.
Events
[edit]- January – Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin begins his Irish-language diary, later published as Cín Lae Amhlaoibh.[1]
- January 27 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe first elaborates on his vision of Weltliteratur (world literature), in a letter to Johann Peter Eckermann, declaring his belief that "poetry is the universal possession of mankind", and that "the epoch of world literature is at hand, and each must work to hasten its coming."[2]
- January 30 – The first public theatre in Norway, the Christiania Offentlige Theater, is inaugurated in Christiania (modern-day Oslo).
- February – Thomas De Quincey's essay On Murder Considered as one of the Fine Arts is published in Blackwood's Magazine.
- February 23 – Sir Walter Scott's authorship of the Waverley Novels is first publicly acknowledged at an Edinburgh Theatrical Fund dinner.[3]
- February 24 – Samuel Griswold Goodrich copyrights the first of the "Peter Parley" juvenile books in the United States, which will continue until 1860.[4]
- April 16 – Nathaniel Willis Senior begins publishing a new magazine for children, The Youth's Companion, in Boston, Massachusetts, weekly from June 6. One of the most enduring of its type, the magazine continues until 1929.
- June – John Neal returns to the US after two and a half years in England.[5]
- September 4 – The Great Fire of Turku (the largest city in Finland at that time) destroys Finnish archives, including practically all material from Finland's Middle Ages. The library of the Royal Academy of Turku is also destroyed.[6]
- October 14 – Ludwig Tieck's Potsdam production of A Midsummer Night's Dream is the first to feature the incidental music composed by Felix Mendelssohn.
- unknown dates
- Thomas Skinner Sturr's anonymous Richmond, or stories in the life of a Bow Street officer, the earliest collection of detective stories, is published in London by Henry Colburn.
- The Swedish theatre director Johan Peter Strömberg establishes what will become the Christiania Theatre in Norway.[7]
- John James Audubon begins publication of a 10-volume The Birds of America in the United Kingdom.
New books
[edit]Fiction
[edit]- Edward Bulwer-Lytton – Falkland
- Lady Charlotte Bury – Flirtation
- James Fenimore Cooper
- Benjamin Disraeli – Vivian Grey, vol. 2
- Thomas Gaspey – Richmond
- Émile de Girardin – Émile
- Catherine Gore
- The Lettre de Cachet
- The Reign of Terror
- Sarah Josepha Hale – Northwood: Life North and South (U.K. title: A New England Tale)
- Wilhelm Hauff
- Jud Süß
- Phantasien im Bremer Ratskeller (The Wine-Ghosts of Bremen)
- Christian Isobel Johnstone – Elizabeth de Bruce
- Sir Thomas Dick Lauder – The Wolf of Badenoch
- Jane Webb (anonymously) – The Mummy!: Or a Tale of the Twenty-Second Century
- Alessandro Manzoni – I Promessi sposi (The Betrothed)
- Sydney, Lady Morgan – The O'Briens and The O'Flaherties
- Karoline Pichler – Die Schweden in Prag (The Swedes in Prague)
- Sir Walter Scott – Chronicles of the Canongate
- Catharine Maria Sedgwick – Hope Leslie
- Horatio Smith – Reuben Aspley
Children
[edit]Agnes Strickland – The Juvenile Forget Me Not; Or, Cabinet of Entertainment and Instruction
Drama
[edit]- John Baldwin Buckstone – Luke the Labourer
- Christian Dietrich Grabbe – Herzog Theodor von Gotland
- Thomas Colley Grattan – Ben Nazir
- James Kenney – Forget and Forgive
- Thomas Morton – A School for Grown Children
- Richard Brinsley Peake – Comfortable Lodgings
- Victor Hugo – Cromwell
Poetry
[edit]- Fitz-Greene Halleck – Alnwick Castle, with Other Poems
- Heinrich Heine – Buch der Lieder (Book of Songs)
- John Keble – The Christian Year
- Giacomo Leopardi – Operette Morali
- Robert Pollok – The Course of Time
- Edgar Allan Poe (as A Bostonian) – Tamerlane and Other Poems (his first poetry collection)
- Alexander Pushkin - The Gypsies
- Alfred and Charles Tennyson – Poems by Two Brothers
Non-fiction
[edit]- Elizabeth Beverley – Veluti in speculum (letters on church singing, theater management, elocution etc.)
- Franz Bopp – Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der Sanskritsprache (Detailed System of the Sanskrit Language)
- Encyclopædia Edinensis
- Henry Hallam – The Constitutional History of England
- William Macmichael – The Gold-Headed Cane
- John Ayrton Paris – Philosophy in Sport made Science in Earnest: Being an Attempt to Implant in the Young Mind the First Principles of Natural Philosophy by the Aid of the Popular Toys and Sports of Youth
- Lady Louisa Stuart – Memoir of Lady Mary Coke
Births
[edit]- February 17 – Rose Terry Cooke, American author and poet (died 1892)
- February 22 – Bhudev Mukhopadhyay, Bengali writer and philosopher (died 1894)
- March 3 – H. B. Goodwin, American novelist, poet and educator (died 1893)
- March 4 – Henrietta Keddie (Sarah Tytler), Scottish novelist and children's writer (died 1914)[8]
- March 25 – Edward Bradley, English novelist and cleric (died 1889)
- April 10 – Mary Helen Peck Crane, American activist and writer (died 1891)
- April 10 – Lew Wallace, American soldier, politician and novelist (died 1905)
- April 16 – Octave Crémazie, pioneering French Canadian poet (died 1879)
- June 12 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss children's author (died 1901)
- September 13 – Catherine Winkworth, English translator and hymnist (died 1878)
- September 18 – John Townsend Trowbridge, American author (died 1916)
- probable – Margaret Eleanor Parker, English-born Scottish travel writer, social activist and social reformer (died 1896)
Deaths
[edit]- February 9 – Emily S. Bouton, American educator, journalist, author and editor (born 1837)
- February 18 – Joseph Heinrich Aloysius Gügler, Swiss philosopher and theologian (born 1782)
- May 28 – William James, English naval historian (born 1780)
- July 3 – David Davis (Castellhywel), Welsh minister and poet (born 1745)[9]
- July 22 – Ludwig Heinrich von Jakob, German economist (born 1759)
- July 27 – Fredrique Eleonore Baptiste, Swedish-Finnish playwright
- August 12 – William Blake, English poet and artist (born 1757)[10]
- September 15 – Robert Pollok, Scottish poet (born c. 1798)
- October 10 – Ugo Foscolo, Greek-born Italian dramatist and poet (born 1778)[11]
- November – Alethea Lewis, English novelist (born 1749)
- November 18 – Wilhelm Hauff, German poet and novelist (born 1802)
- December 15 – Helen Maria Williams, English novelist, poet and translator from French (born 1759)
- December 26 – Feliks Jarońskij, Polish philosopher (born 1777)
Awards
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "O'Sullivan, Humphrey_1780-1837_Irish_teacher, tradesman". The Diary Junction. PiKLe. July 2008. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ^ D'haen, Theo (2013). The Routledge Concise History of World Literature. Routledge. p. 5.
- ^ "Walter Scott – Chronology". The Walter Scott Digital Archive. Edinburgh University Library. 2008-10-13. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ^ Ulla Kriebernegg; Roberta Maierhofer; Barbara Ratzenböck (30 June 2014). Alive and Kicking at All Ages: Cultural Constructions of Health and Life Course Identity. transcript Verlag. pp. 298–. ISBN 978-3-8394-2582-4.
- ^ Sears, Donald A. (1978). John Neal. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 11. ISBN 080-5-7723-08.
- ^ Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura (1997). Skating on the Sea: Poetry from Finland. Bloodaxe. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-85224-388-3.
- ^ Claude Schumacher; John Northam; Glynne W. Wickham (26 September 1996). Naturalism and Symbolism in European Theatre 1850-1918. Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–. ISBN 978-0-521-23014-8.
- ^ Ewan, Elizabeth L.; Innes, Sue; Reynolds, Sian; Pipes, Rose (2006). The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women. Edinburgh University Press. p. 189. ISBN 9780748626601.
- ^ Thomas Mardy Rees (1908). Notable Welshmen (1700-1900): ... with Brief Notes, in Chronological Order, and Authorities. Also a Complete Alphabetical Index. Herald Office. p. 161.
- ^ "William Blake". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ Conte Pietro Orsi (1900). Modern Italy, 1748-1898. G. P. Putnam's sons. p. 350.