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==Early life==
==Early life==
Robinson was born in [[Riverdale, Illinois]]. She was a student at [[Thornton Township High School]] when she achieved national acclaim as an Olympic champion.
Robinson was born in [[Riverdale, Illinois]]. She was a student at [[Thornton Township High School]] when she achieved national acclaim as an Olympic champion.


Her talent was discovered by her science teacher Charles Price, who saw her running to catch the train after school. He was a former athlete and the coach of the school team.<ref name= ":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-08-08| title=Betty Robinson: the sprint star who 'rose from the dead'| url= https://worldathletics.org/heritage/news/betty-robinson-olympic-champion-comic-feature|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007112550/https://worldathletics.org/heritage/news/betty-robinson-olympic-champion-comic-feature|archive-date=2021-10-07|access-date=2022-02-15|website=WorldAthletics.org}}</ref>
Her talent was discovered by her science teacher Charles Price, who saw her running to catch the train after school. He was a former athlete and the coach of the school team.<ref name= ":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-08-08| title=Betty Robinson: the sprint star who 'rose from the dead'| url= https://worldathletics.org/heritage/news/betty-robinson-olympic-champion-comic-feature|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007112550/https://worldathletics.org/heritage/news/betty-robinson-olympic-champion-comic-feature|archive-date=2021-10-07|access-date=2022-02-15|website=WorldAthletics.org}}</ref>


==Athletics==
==Athletics==
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At the [[1928 Summer Olympics|1928 Amsterdam Olympics]], her third 100 m competition, Robinson was the only US athlete to qualify for the 100 m final.<ref name=":0" /> She reached the final and won, equaling the world record of 12.2 seconds. She was the inaugural Olympic champion in the event, since athletics for women had not been on the program before, and its inclusion was in fact still heavily disputed among officials.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web| title=Elizabeth Robinson |url= https://olympics.com/en/athletes/elizabeth-robinson|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Olympics.com}}</ref> She remains the youngest athlete to win Olympic 100 m gold.<ref name=":0" /> With the American [[4 x 100 metres relay|4×100 metres relay]] team, Robinson added a [[silver medal]] to her record.<ref name=":2" />
At the [[1928 Summer Olympics|1928 Amsterdam Olympics]], her third 100 m competition, Robinson was the only US athlete to qualify for the 100 m final.<ref name=":0" /> She reached the final and won, equaling the world record of 12.2 seconds. She was the inaugural Olympic champion in the event, since athletics for women had not been on the program before, and its inclusion was in fact still heavily disputed among officials.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web| title=Elizabeth Robinson |url= https://olympics.com/en/athletes/elizabeth-robinson|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Olympics.com}}</ref> She remains the youngest athlete to win Olympic 100 m gold.<ref name=":0" /> With the American [[4 x 100 metres relay|4×100 metres relay]] team, Robinson added a [[silver medal]] to her record.<ref name=":2" />


Six decades later, Robinson was interviewed for a book, ''Tales of Glory: An Oral History of the Summer Olympic Games Told By America's Gold Medal Winners'', by Lewis H. Carlson and John J Fogarty. This is how she remembered the 100 m race:<blockquote>I can remember breaking the tape, but I wasn't sure that I'd won. It was so close. But my friends in the stands jumped over the railing and came down and put their arms around me, and then I knew I'd won. Then, when they raised the flag, I cried.</blockquote>
Six decades later, Robinson was interviewed for a book, ''Tales of Glory: An Oral History of the Summer Olympic Games Told By America's Gold Medal Winners'', by Lewis H. Carlson and John J Fogarty. This is how she remembered the 100 m race:{{blockquote|I can remember breaking the tape, but I wasn't sure that I'd won. It was so close. But my friends in the stands jumped over the railing and came down and put their arms around me, and then I knew I'd won. Then, when they raised the flag, I cried.}}
''Chicago Tribune'' reporter William L Shirer wrote that 'an unheralded, pretty, blue-eyed blond young woman from Chicago became the darling of the spectators when she flew down the cinder path, her golden locks flying, to win'.<ref name=":1" />
''Chicago Tribune'' reporter William L Shirer wrote that 'an unheralded, pretty, blue-eyed blond young woman from Chicago became the darling of the spectators when she flew down the cinder path, her golden locks flying, to win'.<ref name=":1" />


She joined [[Northwestern University]] where she decided to pursue a physical education degree, hoping to become a coach at the 1936 Olympics.<ref name=":0" /> Robinson joined the rifle team at Northwestern in addition to running track there.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering the First Lady of Track: Northwestern Magazine - Northwestern University |url=http://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/spring2014/campuslife/remembering-the-first-lady-of-track |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=www.northwestern.edu}}</ref> She was also a member of [[Kappa Kappa Gamma]].<ref>{{Cite book| last=Fowler|first=Ellen Margaret| url= https://kappa.historyit.com/list-view.php?id=297142|title=The Key of Kappa Kappa Gamma|publisher=[[Kappa Kappa Gamma]]| year= 1964| pages=70|chapter=Alumnae News, Mid-Winter 1964}}</ref>
She joined [[Northwestern University]] where she decided to pursue a physical education degree, hoping to become a coach at the 1936 Olympics.<ref name=":0" /> Robinson joined the rifle team at Northwestern in addition to running track there.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering the First Lady of Track: Northwestern Magazine - Northwestern University |url=http://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/spring2014/campuslife/remembering-the-first-lady-of-track |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=www.northwestern.edu}}</ref> She was also a member of [[Kappa Kappa Gamma]].<ref>{{Cite book| last=Fowler|first=Ellen Margaret| url= https://kappa.historyit.com/list-view.php?id=297142|title=The Key of Kappa Kappa Gamma|publisher=[[Kappa Kappa Gamma]]| year= 1964| pages=70|chapter=Alumnae News, Mid-Winter 1964}}</ref>


On 28 June 1931, Robinson was involved in a plane crash and was severely injured. Initial reports had her being discovered unconscious in the wreckage, wrongly thought dead by her rescuer and merely thought she was beyond saving. He took her to Oak Forest infirmary, locally known as the "Poor Farm", because he knew the undertaker.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.teamusa.org/News/2015/April/28/Betty-Robinson-The-Gold-Medalist-Who-Came-Back-From-the-Dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430235519/http://www.teamusa.org/News/2015/April/28/Betty-Robinson-The-Gold-Medalist-Who-Came-Back-From-the-Dead |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 30, 2015 |title=Betty Robinson: The Olympic Gold Medalist Who 'Came Back From The Dead' |first=Karen | last= Rosen |date=April 28, 2015 |website= TeamUSA.org |access-date= September 17, 2020}}</ref> Doctors determined she had suffered severe multiple injuries<ref>{{cite book | first= Roseanne | last= Montillo | year=2017| title= Fire on the Track: Betty Robinson and the Triumph of the Early Olympic Women |publisher = Crown | isbn= 9781101906156 |pages= 3-5, 125-30}}</ref> and she would never race again.<ref name=":0" /> It was another six months before she could get out of a wheelchair, and two years before she could walk normally again.{{sfn|Gergen|2014}} Meanwhile, she missed the [[1932 Summer Olympics]] in her home country.
On 28 June 1931, Robinson was involved in a plane crash and was severely injured. Initial reports had her being discovered unconscious in the wreckage, wrongly thought dead by her rescuer and merely thought she was beyond saving. He took her to Oak Forest infirmary, locally known as the "Poor Farm", because he knew the undertaker.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.teamusa.org/News/2015/April/28/Betty-Robinson-The-Gold-Medalist-Who-Came-Back-From-the-Dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430235519/http://www.teamusa.org/News/2015/April/28/Betty-Robinson-The-Gold-Medalist-Who-Came-Back-From-the-Dead |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 30, 2015 |title=Betty Robinson: The Olympic Gold Medalist Who 'Came Back From The Dead' |first=Karen | last= Rosen |date=April 28, 2015 |website= TeamUSA.org |access-date= September 17, 2020}}</ref> Doctors determined she had suffered severe multiple injuries<ref>{{cite book | first= Roseanne | last= Montillo | year=2017| title= Fire on the Track: Betty Robinson and the Triumph of the Early Olympic Women |publisher = Crown | isbn= 9781101906156 |pages= 3–5, 125–30}}</ref> and she would never race again.<ref name=":0" /> It was another six months before she could get out of a wheelchair, and two years before she could walk normally again.{{sfn|Gergen|2014}} Meanwhile, she missed the [[1932 Summer Olympics]] in her home country.


Still unable to kneel for a normal 100 m start due to the fractures and surgeries on her left leg,<ref name=":0" /> Robinson was a part of the US team of [[Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 metres relay at the]] [[1936 Summer Olympics]]. The US team was running behind the heavily favored Germans, but the Germans dropped their baton. Robinson took the lead and handed off the baton to Helen Stephens, resulting in her second Olympic gold medal.{{sfn|Gergen|2014|pp=146-7}}<ref name="sr">{{cite Sports-Reference |url= https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ro/betty-robinson-1.html |title=Betty Robinson |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200417173344/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ro/betty-robinson-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref>
Still unable to kneel for a normal 100 m start due to the fractures and surgeries on her left leg,<ref name=":0" /> Robinson was a part of the US team of [[Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 metres relay at the]] [[1936 Summer Olympics]]. The US team was running behind the heavily favored Germans, but the Germans dropped their baton. Robinson took the lead and handed off the baton to Helen Stephens, resulting in her second Olympic gold medal.{{sfn|Gergen|2014|pp=146-7}}<ref name="sr">{{cite Sports-Reference |url= https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ro/betty-robinson-1.html |title=Betty Robinson |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200417173344/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ro/betty-robinson-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref>
Line 54: Line 54:


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
She married and had two children. The family resided in [[Glencoe, Illinois]], a suburb on [[Chicago]]'s North Shore.
She married and had two children. The family resided in [[Glencoe, Illinois]], a suburb on [[Chicago]]'s North Shore.


She died at age 87, suffering from cancer and [[Alzheimer's disease]].<ref name=":1" />
She died at age 87, suffering from cancer and [[Alzheimer's disease]].<ref name=":1" />
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[[Category:USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners]]
[[Category:USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners]]
[[Category:Survivors of aviation accidents or incidents]]
[[Category:Survivors of aviation accidents or incidents]]
[[Category:20th-century American women]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportspeople]]
[[Category:Olympic female sprinters]]
[[Category:Olympic female sprinters]]
[[Category:Northwestern Wildcats women's track and field athletes]]
[[Category:Northwestern Wildcats women's track and field athletes]]

Revision as of 18:57, 7 August 2024

For the Christian music singer and songwriter, see Betty Jean Robinson.

Betty Robinson
Personal information
Birth nameElizabeth R. Robinson
BornAugust 23, 1911
Riverdale, Illinois, US[1]
DiedMay 18, 1999(1999-05-18) (aged 87)
Denver, Colorado, US[1]
Height5 ft 5+1⁄2 in (166 cm)
Weight126 lb (57 kg)
Websitebettyrobinson.org
Sport
SportAthletics
EventSprint
ClubICCW, Chicago[1]
Achievements and titles
Personal best(s)50 y – 5.8 (1929)
100 m – 12.0 (1928)
200 m – 25.5 (1931)[2]
Medal record
Representing the  United States
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1928 Amsterdam 100 m
Gold medal – first place 1936 Berlin 4×100 m relay
Silver medal – second place 1928 Amsterdam 4×100 m relay

Elizabeth R. Schwartz (née Robinson; August 23, 1911 – May 18, 1999) was an American athlete and winner of the first Olympic 100 metres for women.[1]

Early life

Robinson was born in Riverdale, Illinois. She was a student at Thornton Township High School when she achieved national acclaim as an Olympic champion.

Her talent was discovered by her science teacher Charles Price, who saw her running to catch the train after school. He was a former athlete and the coach of the school team.[3]

Athletics

Robinson ran her first official race on March 30, 1928, at the age of 16, at an indoor meet where she finished second to Helen Filkey, the US record holder at 100 m, in the 60-yard dash.[4][5] At her next race on June 2, outdoors at 100 meters, she beat Filkey and equalled the world record, though her time was not recognized because it was deemed wind-aided.[6][5]

At the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics, her third 100 m competition, Robinson was the only US athlete to qualify for the 100 m final.[3] She reached the final and won, equaling the world record of 12.2 seconds. She was the inaugural Olympic champion in the event, since athletics for women had not been on the program before, and its inclusion was in fact still heavily disputed among officials.[7] She remains the youngest athlete to win Olympic 100 m gold.[3] With the American 4×100 metres relay team, Robinson added a silver medal to her record.[7]

Six decades later, Robinson was interviewed for a book, Tales of Glory: An Oral History of the Summer Olympic Games Told By America's Gold Medal Winners, by Lewis H. Carlson and John J Fogarty. This is how she remembered the 100 m race:

I can remember breaking the tape, but I wasn't sure that I'd won. It was so close. But my friends in the stands jumped over the railing and came down and put their arms around me, and then I knew I'd won. Then, when they raised the flag, I cried.

Chicago Tribune reporter William L Shirer wrote that 'an unheralded, pretty, blue-eyed blond young woman from Chicago became the darling of the spectators when she flew down the cinder path, her golden locks flying, to win'.[5]

She joined Northwestern University where she decided to pursue a physical education degree, hoping to become a coach at the 1936 Olympics.[3] Robinson joined the rifle team at Northwestern in addition to running track there.[8] She was also a member of Kappa Kappa Gamma.[9]

On 28 June 1931, Robinson was involved in a plane crash and was severely injured. Initial reports had her being discovered unconscious in the wreckage, wrongly thought dead by her rescuer and merely thought she was beyond saving. He took her to Oak Forest infirmary, locally known as the "Poor Farm", because he knew the undertaker.[10] Doctors determined she had suffered severe multiple injuries[11] and she would never race again.[3] It was another six months before she could get out of a wheelchair, and two years before she could walk normally again.[12] Meanwhile, she missed the 1932 Summer Olympics in her home country.

Still unable to kneel for a normal 100 m start due to the fractures and surgeries on her left leg,[3] Robinson was a part of the US team of 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The US team was running behind the heavily favored Germans, but the Germans dropped their baton. Robinson took the lead and handed off the baton to Helen Stephens, resulting in her second Olympic gold medal.[13][1]

After athletic career

Retiring after the Berlin Olympics, Robinson remained involved in athletics as an official.[1] She worked in a hardware store for many years.[5] In 1977, she was inducted into the USA National Track and Field Hall of Fame. In 1996, she carried the Olympic Torch for the Atlanta Olympic Games.[3]

Personal life

She married and had two children. The family resided in Glencoe, Illinois, a suburb on Chicago's North Shore.

She died at age 87, suffering from cancer and Alzheimer's disease.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Betty Robinson". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020.
  2. ^ "Elizabeth Robinson". trackfield.brinkster.net.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Betty Robinson: the sprint star who 'rose from the dead'". WorldAthletics.org. August 8, 2021. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  4. ^ Cowe, Eric L. (2005). Early Women's Athletics: Statistics and History, Volume Two. p. 69. ISBN 9780953703005.
  5. ^ a b c d e Carroll, John (March 7, 2019). "Betty Robinson: the fastest woman in the world who came back from the dead". Runner's World. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  6. ^ Gergen 2014, p. 12.
  7. ^ a b "Elizabeth Robinson". Olympics.com. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  8. ^ "Remembering the First Lady of Track: Northwestern Magazine - Northwestern University". www.northwestern.edu. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
  9. ^ Fowler, Ellen Margaret (1964). "Alumnae News, Mid-Winter 1964". The Key of Kappa Kappa Gamma. Kappa Kappa Gamma. p. 70.
  10. ^ Rosen, Karen (April 28, 2015). "Betty Robinson: The Olympic Gold Medalist Who 'Came Back From The Dead'". TeamUSA.org. Archived from the original on April 30, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  11. ^ Montillo, Roseanne (2017). Fire on the Track: Betty Robinson and the Triumph of the Early Olympic Women. Crown. pp. 3–5, 125–30. ISBN 9781101906156.
  12. ^ Gergen 2014.
  13. ^ Gergen 2014, pp. 146–7.

Further reading

  • Gergen, Joe (2014). First Lady of Olympic Track: The Life and Times of Betty Robinson. Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0810129580.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Betty Robinson.
Records
Preceded by Women's 100 m world record holder
June 2, 1928 – June 5, 1932 		Succeeded by
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