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It was established on 8 November 1944 as a low-level training course for officers of the [[National Liberation Movement (Albania)|National Liberation Movement]].<ref name=":0" /> This was during the [[German occupation of Albania]]. It was housed in the buildings of the engineering department built by the [[Italian Army]]. In January 1945, moved to the capital of [[Tirana]], months after the [[Liberation of Albania]]. It moved to the buildings of the Military Department N. 1105 in Tirana, on what is now Myslim Keta Street. The first commander of this school was Lieutenant Colonel Irfan Peshtani. By order of the Ministry of People's Defense, the school accepted students from the [[Skanderbeg Military High School]] and from the districts of Albania.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Telegraf|first=Gazeta|title=Si u krijua Shkolla e Lartë e Bashkuar e Oficerëve, 74 vjet më parë|url=https://telegraf.al/sociale/si-u-krijua-shkolla-e-larte-e-bashkuar-e-oficereve-74-vjet-me-pare/|access-date=2021-07-09|website=Gazeta Telegraf|language=sq}}</ref> On 8 January 1949, it was renamed to the Enver Hoxha United School of Officers ({{Lang-sq|Shkolla e Bashkuar e Oficerëve “Enver Hoxha”}}). Graduates received a [[bachelor's degree]] and became commissioned as [[Lieutenant|Lieutenants]].<ref name=":0" /> Many have lead higher military structures as [[General|Generals]]. From 1972-1983, it passed to the 3-year system and in 1984, it switched to a 4-year higher education system.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=|url=https://www.tradoc.mil.al/misioniafa-2|url-status=live}}</ref>
It was established on 8 November 1944 as a low-level training course for officers of the [[National Liberation Movement (Albania)|National Liberation Movement]].<ref name=":0" /> This was during the [[German occupation of Albania]]. It was housed in the buildings of the engineering department built by the [[Italian Army]]. In January 1945, moved to the capital of [[Tirana]], months after the [[Liberation of Albania]]. It moved to the buildings of the Military Department N. 1105 in Tirana, on what is now Myslim Keta Street. The first commander of this school was Lieutenant Colonel Irfan Peshtani. By order of the Ministry of People's Defense, the school accepted students from the [[Skanderbeg Military High School]] and from the districts of Albania.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Telegraf|first=Gazeta|title=Si u krijua Shkolla e Lartë e Bashkuar e Oficerëve, 74 vjet më parë|url=https://telegraf.al/sociale/si-u-krijua-shkolla-e-larte-e-bashkuar-e-oficereve-74-vjet-me-pare/|access-date=2021-07-09|website=Gazeta Telegraf|language=sq}}</ref> On 8 January 1949, it was renamed to the Enver Hoxha United School of Officers ({{Lang-sq|Shkolla e Bashkuar e Oficerëve “Enver Hoxha”}}). Graduates received a [[bachelor's degree]] and became commissioned as [[Lieutenant|Lieutenants]].<ref name=":0" /> Many have lead higher military structures as [[General|Generals]]. From 1972-1983, it passed to the 3-year system and in 1984, it switched to a 4-year higher education system.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=|url=https://www.tradoc.mil.al/misioniafa-2|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 22-23 February 1991, a meeting of hardline communists took place at the school, sparking rumors of a possible [[coup d'état]]. As a result, a pro-democracy crowd gathered outside the school, prompting soldiers to into the crowd below, killing four. A member of the [[military police]] was also killed amidst the tensions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ObserverKult|date=2021-02-23|title=Shkurt 1991: Kur Shkolla e Oficerëve donte të mbronte figurën e diktatorit|url=https://observerkult.com/shkurt-1991-kur-shkolla-e-oficereve-donte-te-mbronte-figuren-e-diktatorit/|access-date=2021-07-11|website=ObserverKult|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=HSW|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/WR92/HSW-01.htm|access-date=2021-07-11|website=www.hrw.org}}</ref>
On 22-23 February 1991, a meeting of hardline communists took place at the school, sparking rumors of a possible [[coup d'état]]. As a result, a pro-democracy crowd gathered outside the school, prompting soldiers to shoot into the crowd below, killing four. A member of the [[military police]] was also killed amidst the tensions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ObserverKult|date=2021-02-23|title=Shkurt 1991: Kur Shkolla e Oficerëve donte të mbronte figurën e diktatorit|url=https://observerkult.com/shkurt-1991-kur-shkolla-e-oficereve-donte-te-mbronte-figuren-e-diktatorit/|access-date=2021-07-11|website=ObserverKult|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=HSW|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/WR92/HSW-01.htm|access-date=2021-07-11|website=www.hrw.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=“Çfarë ndodhi në ’91 në “Shkollën e Bashkuar të Oficerve|url=https://www.botasot.info/diaspora/1449700/cfare-ndodhi-ne-91-ne-shkollen-e-bashkuar-te-oficerve-quot-enver-hoxha-dhe-shkollen-quot-skenderbeg-quot/|access-date=2021-07-11|website=Bota Sot|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Revolta e Shkollës së Bashkuar në 1991, si e shmangëm vëllavrasjen|url=http://www.panorama.com.al/revolta-e-shkolles-se-bashkuar-ne-1991-si-e-shmangem-vellavrasjen/|access-date=2021-07-11|language=sq}}</ref>


=== Post-1991 ===
=== Post-1991 ===

Revision as of 05:00, 11 July 2021

The Skanderbeg Military University (Albanian: Universiteti Ushtarak “Skënderbej”) was an educational entity of the Albanian People's Army[1] and the Albanian Armed Forces. It was the oldest military education institution in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania.[2]

History

Communist era

It was established on 8 November 1944 as a low-level training course for officers of the National Liberation Movement.[2] This was during the German occupation of Albania. It was housed in the buildings of the engineering department built by the Italian Army. In January 1945, moved to the capital of Tirana, months after the Liberation of Albania. It moved to the buildings of the Military Department N. 1105 in Tirana, on what is now Myslim Keta Street. The first commander of this school was Lieutenant Colonel Irfan Peshtani. By order of the Ministry of People's Defense, the school accepted students from the Skanderbeg Military High School and from the districts of Albania.[3] On 8 January 1949, it was renamed to the Enver Hoxha United School of Officers (Albanian: Shkolla e Bashkuar e Oficerëve “Enver Hoxha”). Graduates received a bachelor's degree and became commissioned as Lieutenants.[2] Many have lead higher military structures as Generals. From 1972-1983, it passed to the 3-year system and in 1984, it switched to a 4-year higher education system.[4]

On 22-23 February 1991, a meeting of hardline communists took place at the school, sparking rumors of a possible coup d'état. As a result, a pro-democracy crowd gathered outside the school, prompting soldiers to shoot into the crowd below, killing four. A member of the military police was also killed amidst the tensions.[5][6][7][8]

Post-1991

In 1995 the United High School of Officers reverted to the 3-year system and was renamed the Skanderbeg Military Academy (Albanian: Akademia Ushtarake "Skënderbej").[4] In October 2003, the Skanderbeg Military University was established by merging into a single institution the Skanderbeg Military University, the Naval Academy and the Aviation Academy.[4] In September 2004, it consisted of 2 faculties:[4]

  • the Faculty of Economics
  • the Department of Business Management and the Faculty of Electronic Engineering

Today, the Center for Foreign Languages ​​and the Faculty of General Education of the Armed Forces Academy come from the remnants of the former Skanderbeg Military Academy.

Notable alumni and faculty

References

  1. ^ "Kur ka qenë më e fortë ushtria shqiptare, në komunizëm apo demokraci?". Kosova ime (in Albanian). 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  2. ^ a b c "Albania - Military Schools". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2021-07-09.
  3. ^ Telegraf, Gazeta. "Si u krijua Shkolla e Lartë e Bashkuar e Oficerëve, 74 vjet më parë". Gazeta Telegraf (in Albanian). Retrieved 2021-07-09.
  4. ^ a b c d https://www.tradoc.mil.al/misioniafa-2. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ ObserverKult (2021-02-23). "Shkurt 1991: Kur Shkolla e Oficerëve donte të mbronte figurën e diktatorit". ObserverKult. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  6. ^ "HSW". www.hrw.org. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  7. ^ ""Çfarë ndodhi në '91 në "Shkollën e Bashkuar të Oficerve". Bota Sot. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  8. ^ "Revolta e Shkollës së Bashkuar në 1991, si e shmangëm vëllavrasjen" (in Albanian). Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  9. ^ https://illyrianguard.al/jeteshkrim/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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