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| birth_place = [[Diyarbakır]], [[Turkey]]
| birth_place = [[Diyarbakır]], [[Turkey]]
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'''Osman Baydemir''' (born 1971 in [[Diyarbakır]]) is a Turkish politician, lawyer and human rights activist of [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] descent. He was the mayor of his home town of [[Diyarbakır]] from 2004 to 2014. He was a member of the [[Peace and Democracy Party]] (BDP) until 2014 and [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|HDP]] since 2014.
'''Osman Baydemir''' (born 1971 in [[Diyarbakır]]) is a Turkish politician, lawyer and human rights activist of [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] descent. He was the mayor of his home town of [[Diyarbakır]] from 2004 to 2014. He was a member of the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] for the [[Peace and Democracy Party]] (BDP) and also the [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|Peoples Democratic Party]] (HDP).


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Osman Baydemir graduated from the Law Faculty at [[Dicle University]] in Diyarbakır. In 1995 he became the chair of the Diyarbakır branch of the independent [[Human Rights Association]]. Between 1995 and 2002 he also was a board member and became vice-president of the association.<ref name=kimkimdir>[http://www.kimkimdir.gen.tr/kimkimdir.php?id=3459 Osman Baydemir], Kim Kimdir?</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2008}} In February 1999 he became one of the first lawyers who volunteered to defend [[Abdullah Öcalan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/1999/02/24/98605.asp
Osman Baydemir graduated from the Law Faculty of the [[Dicle University]] in Diyarbakır. In 1995 he became the chair of the Diyarbakır branch of the independent [[Human Rights Association]]. Between 1995 and 2002 he was also a board member and became vice-president of the association.<ref name=kimkimdir>[http://www.kimkimdir.gen.tr/kimkimdir.php?id=3459 Osman Baydemir], Kim Kimdir?</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2008}} In February 1999 he became one of the first lawyers who volunteered to [[Trial of Abdullah Öcalan|defend Abdullah Öcalan]], the leader of the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] (PKK).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/1999/02/24/98605.asp
|access-date=2008-08-20
|access-date=2008-08-20
|title= Yuhalandılar
|title= Yuhalandılar
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|author=Akyol, Cahit
|author=Akyol, Cahit
|author2=Kurt, Nurettin
|author2=Kurt, Nurettin
|language=tr}}</ref> In 2001 he became a founding member of the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey (HRFT or TİHV [[Türkiye İnsan Hakları Vakfı]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=35 |access-date=2008-08-20 |title=Board of Founders |publisher=[[Human Rights Foundation of Turkey]] |date=2006-12-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080814014222/http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=35 |archive-date=14 August 2008}}</ref> At the [[2002 Turkish general election|general elections]] in 2002, he was the candidate of the [[Democratic People's Party (Turkey)|Democratic People's Party]] (DEHAP), but the party failed to reach the 10% election threshold. In 2003, Baydemir spent 6 months in the [[United States]], to improve his [[English language|English]]. In 2004, he was elected mayor of Diyarbakır.<ref name=kimkimdir/> As Mayor of Diyarbakır he became a member of the World Federation of United Cities for which he toured several capitals in world. He also held speeches about the difficulties Kurds face in Turkey to the [[European Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Watts|first=Nicole F.|title=Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey|date=2011-07-01|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-80082-0|pages=83|language=en}}</ref>
|language=tr}}</ref> In 2001 he became a founding member of the [[Human Rights Foundation of Turkey]] (TİHV).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=35 |access-date=2008-08-20 |title=Board of Founders |publisher=[[Human Rights Foundation of Turkey]] |date=2006-12-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080814014222/http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=35 |archive-date=14 August 2008}}</ref> In the [[2002 Turkish general election|general elections]] in 2002, he was the candidate of the [[Democratic People's Party (Turkey)|Democratic People's Party]] (DEHAP), but the party failed to reach the 10% election threshold. In 2003, Baydemir spent 6 months in the [[United States]], to improve his [[English language|English]]. In 2004, he was elected mayor of Diyarbakır.<ref name="kimkimdir" /> As Mayor of Diyarbakır he became a member of the World Federation of United Cities for which he toured several capitals in the world. He also held speeches about the difficulties Kurds face in Turkey to the [[European Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Watts|first=Nicole F.|title=Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey|date=2011-07-01|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-80082-0|pages=83|language=en}}</ref> In the general elections of 2014 he was elected a Member of Parliament representing the BDP for [[Şanlıurfa (electoral district)|Sanliurfa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Seçim 2014 Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi Şanlıurfa Yerel Seçim Sonuçları|url=https://www.haberturk.com/secim/secim2014/mahalli-secim/sehir/sanliurfa-63|access-date=2021-12-28|website=www.haberturk.com}}</ref> He was a well perceivable defender of the [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish language]] and [[Kurds in Turkey|minority in Turkey]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=van Wilgenburg|first=Wladimir|author-link=Wladimir van Wilgenburg|date=13 December 2017|title=Kurdish MP banished from Turkey Parliament for uttering 'Kurdistan'|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/13638-Kurdish-MP-banished-from-Turkey-Parliament-for-uttering-%27Kurdistan%27|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-28|website=[[Kurdistan24]]|language=en}}</ref> and was banned for two sessions of the Turkish parliament for using the word [[Kurdistan]], which is forbidden to use in the Turkish parliament.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2017-12-13|title=Turkey's Parliament bans Kurdish deputy from two sessions for saying 'Kurdistan'|url=https://stockholmcf.org/turkeys-parliament-bans-kurdish-deputy-from-two-sessions-for-saying-kurdistan/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-28|website=[[Stockholm Center for Freedom]]|language=en-US}}</ref>


==Charges and threats==
===Charges and threats===
As a human rights activist and as a politician, Osman Baydemir has been subjected to persecution on various levels. According to a report of [[Amnesty International]] of 12 February 2004 there were 200 court cases against him for his human rights activities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR44/002/2004
As a human rights activist and as a politician, Osman Baydemir has been subjected to persecution on various levels. According to a report of [[Amnesty International]] of 12 February 2004 there were 200 court cases against him for his human rights activities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR44/002/2004
|access-date=2008-08-20
|access-date=2008-08-20
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|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]
|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]
|date=2001-06-06
|date=2001-06-06
}}</ref> After the assassination of Armenian journalist [[Hrant Dink]] in January 2007 Osman Baydemir was among several people who received death threats.<ref>{{cite news
}}</ref> After the [[Assassination of Hrant Dink|assassination]] of Armenian journalist [[Hrant Dink]] in January 2007 Osman Baydemir was among several people who received death threats.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.freemuse.org/sw18702.asp
|url=http://www.freemuse.org/sw18702.asp
|access-date=2008-08-20
|access-date=2008-08-20
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Recent court cases against Osman Baydemir include:
Court cases against Osman Baydemir include:
* In May 2006 Osman Baydemir was charged with an illegal act by providing an ambulance of the municipality for the transport of a corpse.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2006/05/31/siyaset/siy05.html
* In May 2006 Osman Baydemir was charged with an illegal act by providing an ambulance of the municipality for the transport of a corpse.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2006/05/31/siyaset/siy05.html
|access-date=2008-08-20
|access-date=2008-08-20
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* Osman Baydemir and 55 other mayors of the DTP Party were indicted because in December 2005 they signed a petition to the Danish Prime Minister [[Anders Fogh Rasmussen]] urging him not to close the Kurdish television station [[Roj TV]]. They were charged with supporting the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]]. The trial started in September 2006. In April 2007 the prosecutor asked for sentences of 15 years' imprisonment for 52 mayors.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.institutkurde.org/en/afp/archives/070403102812.zzmz5j78.html |access-date=2008-08-20 |title=Prosecutor seeks 15 years for Kurdish mayors over Denmark letter |date=2007-04-03 |work=AFP |publisher=[[Kurdish Institute of Paris]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821155918/http://www.institutkurde.org/en/afp/archives/070403102812.zzmz5j78.html |archive-date=21 August 2008}}</ref>
* Osman Baydemir and 55 other mayors of the DTP Party were indicted because in December 2005 they signed a petition to the Danish Prime Minister [[Anders Fogh Rasmussen]] urging him not to close the Kurdish television station [[Roj TV]]. They were charged with supporting the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]]. The trial started in September 2006. In April 2007 the prosecutor asked for sentences of 15 years' imprisonment for 52 mayors.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.institutkurde.org/en/afp/archives/070403102812.zzmz5j78.html |access-date=2008-08-20 |title=Prosecutor seeks 15 years for Kurdish mayors over Denmark letter |date=2007-04-03 |work=AFP |publisher=[[Kurdish Institute of Paris]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821155918/http://www.institutkurde.org/en/afp/archives/070403102812.zzmz5j78.html |archive-date=21 August 2008}}</ref>
* He was prosecuted for violating a Turkish law prohibiting the use of letters not in the Turkish alphabet when he sent out a New Year's greeting in Kurdish which included the letter "W".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=294&Itemid=75 |access-date=2008-08-20 |title=Daily human rights report |publisher=[[Human Rights Foundation of Turkey]] |date=2008-08-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080814104006/http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=294&Itemid=75 |archive-date=14 August 2008}}</ref> On 19 April 2007, Diyarbakır Peace Court No. 2 dropped the charges since the Ministry of Justice had not permitted that such a case be heard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=305&Itemid=75 |access-date=2008-08-20 |title=Daily human rights report |publisher=[[Human Rights Foundation of Turkey]] |date=2007-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080814100956/http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=305&Itemid=75 |archive-date=14 August 2008}}</ref>
* He was prosecuted for violating a Turkish law prohibiting the use of letters not in the Turkish alphabet when he sent out a New Year's greeting in Kurdish which included the letter "W".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=294&Itemid=75 |access-date=2008-08-20 |title=Daily human rights report |publisher=[[Human Rights Foundation of Turkey]] |date=2008-08-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080814104006/http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=294&Itemid=75 |archive-date=14 August 2008}}</ref> On 19 April 2007, Diyarbakır Peace Court No. 2 dropped the charges since the Ministry of Justice had not permitted that such a case be heard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=305&Itemid=75 |access-date=2008-08-20 |title=Daily human rights report |publisher=[[Human Rights Foundation of Turkey]] |date=2007-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080814100956/http://www.tihv.org.tr/EN/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=305&Itemid=75 |archive-date=14 August 2008}}</ref>
*In October 2017 Baydemir got sentenced to 1 year 5 months and 15 days of imprisonment for insulting an "on-duty government employee" after he called three police officers "fascists and low-lives".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/6f44f326-8b66-4e06-aec1-356de8eada20|title=Turkey court sentences pro-Kurdish HDP's Baydemir to 17 months in prison|last=Kurdistan24|website=Kurdistan24|language=en|access-date=2019-07-02}}</ref>
*In October 2017 Baydemir was sentenced to 1 year, 5 months and 15 days of imprisonment for insulting an "on-duty government employee" after he called three police officers "fascists and low-lives".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/6f44f326-8b66-4e06-aec1-356de8eada20|title=Turkey court sentences pro-Kurdish HDP's Baydemir to 17 months in prison|last=Kurdistan24|website=Kurdistan24|language=en|access-date=2019-07-02}}</ref>
*On 10 December 2018 [[Ahval]] news agency reported he was sentenced to 18 month of prison for violating the law of demonstrations and meetings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahvalnews.com/peoples-democratic-party/former-pro-kurdish-deputies-face-prison|title=Former pro-Kurdish deputies face prison|website=Ahval|language=en|access-date=2019-07-02}}</ref>
*On 10 December 2018 [[Ahval]] news agency reported he was sentenced to 18 month of prison for violating the law of demonstrations and meetings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahvalnews.com/peoples-democratic-party/former-pro-kurdish-deputies-face-prison|title=Former pro-Kurdish deputies face prison|website=Ahval|language=en|access-date=2019-07-02}}</ref>
On the 17 March 2021, the State Prosecutor to the [[Court of Cassation (Turkey)|Court of Cassation]] [[Bekir Şahin]] filed a lawsuit in front of the [[Constitutional Court of Turkey|Constitutional Court]] demanding for Baydemir and 686 other HDP politicians a five-year ban to engage in politics together with a [[2021 Peoples' Democratic Party closure case|closure of the HDP]] due to alleged organizational links with the PKK.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-18|title=Turkish prosecutor seeks political ban on 687 pro-Kurdish politicians|url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/turkish-prosecutor-seeks-political-ban-on-687-pro-kurdish-politicians-news-56691|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-19|website=www.duvarenglish.com|publisher=[[Gazete Duvar]]|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=HDP indictment seeks political ban for 687 members, including Demirtaş, Buldan and Sancar|url=https://www.bianet.org/english/politics/241005-hdp-indictment-seeks-political-ban-for-687-members-including-demirtas-buldan-and-sancar|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-19|website=[[Bianet]]}}</ref>
On the 17 March 2021, the State Prosecutor to the [[Court of Cassation (Turkey)|Court of Cassation]] [[Bekir Şahin]] filed a lawsuit in front of the [[Constitutional Court of Turkey|Constitutional Court]] demanding for Baydemir and 686 other HDP politicians a five-year ban to engage in politics together with a [[2021 Peoples' Democratic Party closure case|closure of the HDP]] due to alleged organizational links with the PKK.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-18|title=Turkish prosecutor seeks political ban on 687 pro-Kurdish politicians|url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/turkish-prosecutor-seeks-political-ban-on-687-pro-kurdish-politicians-news-56691|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-19|website=www.duvarenglish.com|publisher=[[Gazete Duvar]]|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=HDP indictment seeks political ban for 687 members, including Demirtaş, Buldan and Sancar|url=https://www.bianet.org/english/politics/241005-hdp-indictment-seeks-political-ban-for-687-members-including-demirtas-buldan-and-sancar|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-19|website=[[Bianet]]}}</ref>


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
In May 2005 he married Reyhan Yalçındağ, the deputy chair of the [[Human Rights Association (Turkey)|Human Rights Association in Turkey]]. On 23 April 2006 their son Mirzanyar was born.<ref>{{cite web|date=2005-08-06|title=Osman Baydemir got married (Turkish)|url=http://www.zaman.com.tr/haber.do?haberno=199604|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314014809/http://www.zaman.com.tr/haber.do?haberno=199604|archive-date=14 March 2012|access-date=2011-05-07|publisher=newspaper Zaman|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In May 2005 he married Reyhan Yalçındağ, the deputy chair of the TIHV. On 23 April 2006 their son Mirzanyar was born.<ref>{{cite web|date=2005-08-06|title=Osman Baydemir got married (Turkish)|url=http://www.zaman.com.tr/haber.do?haberno=199604|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314014809/http://www.zaman.com.tr/haber.do?haberno=199604|archive-date=14 March 2012|access-date=2011-05-07|publisher=newspaper Zaman|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 12:47, 28 December 2021

Osman Baydemir
Mayor of Diyarbakır
In office
2004–2014
Preceded byFeridun Çelik
Succeeded byGültan Kışanak
Personal details
Born (1971-01-01) 1 January 1971 (age 53)
Diyarbakır, Turkey

Osman Baydemir (born 1971 in Diyarbakır) is a Turkish politician, lawyer and human rights activist of Kurdish descent. He was the mayor of his home town of Diyarbakır from 2004 to 2014. He was a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) and also the Peoples Democratic Party (HDP).

Life and career

Osman Baydemir graduated from the Law Faculty of the Dicle University in Diyarbakır. In 1995 he became the chair of the Diyarbakır branch of the independent Human Rights Association. Between 1995 and 2002 he was also a board member and became vice-president of the association.[1][unreliable source?] In February 1999 he became one of the first lawyers who volunteered to defend Abdullah Öcalan, the leader of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).[2] In 2001 he became a founding member of the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey (TİHV).[3] In the general elections in 2002, he was the candidate of the Democratic People's Party (DEHAP), but the party failed to reach the 10% election threshold. In 2003, Baydemir spent 6 months in the United States, to improve his English. In 2004, he was elected mayor of Diyarbakır.[1] As Mayor of Diyarbakır he became a member of the World Federation of United Cities for which he toured several capitals in the world. He also held speeches about the difficulties Kurds face in Turkey to the European Parliament.[4] In the general elections of 2014 he was elected a Member of Parliament representing the BDP for Sanliurfa.[5] He was a well perceivable defender of the Kurdish language and minority in Turkey[6] and was banned for two sessions of the Turkish parliament for using the word Kurdistan, which is forbidden to use in the Turkish parliament.[6][7]

Charges and threats

As a human rights activist and as a politician, Osman Baydemir has been subjected to persecution on various levels. According to a report of Amnesty International of 12 February 2004 there were 200 court cases against him for his human rights activities.[8] The daily Radikal reported on 11 July 2006 that during the last two years a total of 129 investigations against him had been conducted.[9]

Osman Baydemir has received numerous threats. In June 2001 Amnesty International issued an urgent action on his behalf.[10] After the assassination of Armenian journalist Hrant Dink in January 2007 Osman Baydemir was among several people who received death threats.[11]

Court cases against Osman Baydemir include:

  • In May 2006 Osman Baydemir was charged with an illegal act by providing an ambulance of the municipality for the transport of a corpse.[12] In September 2006 Osman Baydemir was acquitted.[13]
  • Osman Baydemir and 55 other mayors of the DTP Party were indicted because in December 2005 they signed a petition to the Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen urging him not to close the Kurdish television station Roj TV. They were charged with supporting the PKK. The trial started in September 2006. In April 2007 the prosecutor asked for sentences of 15 years' imprisonment for 52 mayors.[14]
  • He was prosecuted for violating a Turkish law prohibiting the use of letters not in the Turkish alphabet when he sent out a New Year's greeting in Kurdish which included the letter "W".[15] On 19 April 2007, Diyarbakır Peace Court No. 2 dropped the charges since the Ministry of Justice had not permitted that such a case be heard.[16]
  • In October 2017 Baydemir was sentenced to 1 year, 5 months and 15 days of imprisonment for insulting an "on-duty government employee" after he called three police officers "fascists and low-lives".[17]
  • On 10 December 2018 Ahval news agency reported he was sentenced to 18 month of prison for violating the law of demonstrations and meetings.[18]

On the 17 March 2021, the State Prosecutor to the Court of Cassation Bekir Şahin filed a lawsuit in front of the Constitutional Court demanding for Baydemir and 686 other HDP politicians a five-year ban to engage in politics together with a closure of the HDP due to alleged organizational links with the PKK.[19][20]

Personal life

In May 2005 he married Reyhan Yalçındağ, the deputy chair of the TIHV. On 23 April 2006 their son Mirzanyar was born.[21]

References

  1. ^ a b Osman Baydemir, Kim Kimdir?
  2. ^ Akyol, Cahit; Kurt, Nurettin (24 February 1999). "Yuhalandılar". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  3. ^ "Board of Founders". Human Rights Foundation of Turkey. 4 December 2006. Archived from the original on 14 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  4. ^ Watts, Nicole F. (1 July 2011). Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey. University of Washington Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-295-80082-0.
  5. ^ "Seçim 2014 Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi Şanlıurfa Yerel Seçim Sonuçları". www.haberturk.com. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  6. ^ a b van Wilgenburg, Wladimir (13 December 2017). "Kurdish MP banished from Turkey Parliament for uttering 'Kurdistan'". Kurdistan24. Retrieved 28 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ "Turkey's Parliament bans Kurdish deputy from two sessions for saying 'Kurdistan'". Stockholm Center for Freedom. 13 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ "Turkey: Restrictive laws, arbitrary application - the pressure on human rights defenders". Amnesty International. 12 February 2004. Retrieved 20 August 2008. See footnote 18.
  9. ^ "Baydemir'e iki yılda 129 soruşturma". DHA (in Turkish). Radikal. 7 November 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  10. ^ "Turkey: Death threats/Fear for safety Eren Keskin and Osman Baydemir". Amnesty International. 6 June 2001. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  11. ^ "Singer Ferhat Tunç informed about death threat with two months delay". Freemuse. 10 April 2007. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  12. ^ Cebe, Özgur (30 May 2002). "Ambulans davası açıldı". DHA. Milliyet. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  13. ^ "Baydemir beraat etti". DHA (in Turkish). Radikal. 28 September 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  14. ^ "Prosecutor seeks 15 years for Kurdish mayors over Denmark letter". AFP. Kurdish Institute of Paris. 3 April 2007. Archived from the original on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  15. ^ "Daily human rights report". Human Rights Foundation of Turkey. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 14 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  16. ^ "Daily human rights report". Human Rights Foundation of Turkey. 20 April 2007. Archived from the original on 14 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  17. ^ Kurdistan24. "Turkey court sentences pro-Kurdish HDP's Baydemir to 17 months in prison". Kurdistan24. Retrieved 2 July 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ "Former pro-Kurdish deputies face prison". Ahval. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  19. ^ "Turkish prosecutor seeks political ban on 687 pro-Kurdish politicians". www.duvarenglish.com. Gazete Duvar. 18 March 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ "HDP indictment seeks political ban for 687 members, including Demirtaş, Buldan and Sancar". Bianet. Retrieved 19 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. ^ "Osman Baydemir got married (Turkish)". newspaper Zaman. 6 August 2005. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
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