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Coordinates: 50°23′N 03°19′E / 50.383°N 3.317°E / 50.383; 3.317
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|[[Europe Ecology – The Greens]] (EELV) || align="right" | 2
|[[Europe Ecology – The Greens]] (EELV) || align="right" | 2
|}
|}

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]<ref>https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 56.90
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 43.10
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)|PS}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 52.88
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 47.12
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 51.75
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 48.25
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]<ref>https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles</ref>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 78.28
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 21.72
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)|PS}}" |
| [[1995 French presidential election|1995]]<ref>https://www.politiquemania.com/presidentielles-1995-departement.html</ref>
| [[Lionel Jospin]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 53.70
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 46.30
|}



===Current National Assembly Representatives===
===Current National Assembly Representatives===

Revision as of 11:50, 14 April 2022

Nord
Department
Prefecture building of the Nord department, in Lille
Prefecture building of the Nord department, in Lille
Flag of Nord
Flag
Coat of arms of Nord
Coat of arms
Location of Nord in France
Location of Nord in France
Coordinates: 50°23′N 03°19′E / 50.383°N 3.317°E / 50.383; 3.317
CountryFrance
RegionHauts-de-France
PrefectureLille
SubprefecturesAvesnes-
sur-Helpe
Cambrai
Douai
Dunkirk
Valenciennes
Government
 • President of the Departmental CouncilChristian Poiret
Area
1
 • Total5,742.74 km2 (2,217.28 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[1]
 • Total2,611,293
 • Rank1st
 • Density450/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number59
Arrondissements6
Cantons41
Communes648
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2

Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'Northern Department'), is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous department. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the department), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Within the department is located the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken here.

History

Tribes of the Belgae, such as the Menapii and Nervii were the first peoples recorded in the area later known as Nord.

During the 4th and 5th Centuries, Roman rulers of Gallia Belgica secured the route from the major port of Bononia (Boulogne) to Colonia (Cologne), by co-opting Germanic peoples north-east of this corridor, such as the Tungri. In effect, the area known later as Nord became an isogloss (linguistic border) between the Germanic and Romance languages. Saxon colonisation of the region from the 5th to the 8th centuries likely shifted the isogloss further south so that, by the 9th century, most people immediately north of Lille spoke a dialect of Old Dutch. This has remained evident in the place names of the region. After the County of Flanders became part of France in the 9th century, the isogloss moved north and east.[2]

Extent of West Flemish spoken in the arrondissement of Dunkirk in 1874 and 1972 respectively.

During the 14th century, much of the area came under the control of the Duchy of Burgundy and in subsequent centuries was therefore part of the Habsburg Netherlands (from 1482) and the Spanish Netherlands (1581).

Areas that later constituted Nord were ceded to France by treaties in 1659, 1668, and 1678, becoming the Counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and part of the Bishopric of Cambrai.

On 4 March 1790, during the French Revolution, Nord became one of the original 83 departments created to replace the counties.

Modern government policies making French the only official language have led to a decline in use of the Dutch West Flemish dialect. There are currently 20,000 speakers of a sub-dialect of West Flemish in the arrondissement of Dunkirk and it appears likely that this particular sub-dialect will be extinct within decades.[2]

Geography

Nord is part of the current Hauts-de-France region and is surrounded by the French departments of Pas-de-Calais, Somme, and Aisne, as well as by Belgium and the North Sea. Its area is 5,742.8 km2 (2,217.3 sq mi).[3] It is the longest department in France, measuring 184 km from Fort-Philippe in the north-west to Anor in the south-east.

Situated in the north of the country along the western half of the Belgian frontier, the department is unusually long and narrow. Its principal city is Lille, which with nearby Roubaix, Tourcoing and Villeneuve d'Ascq constitutes the center of a cluster of industrial and former mining towns totalling slightly over a million inhabitants. Other important cities are Valenciennes, Douai, Maubeuge and Dunkirk. The principal rivers are the following: Yser, Lys, Escaut, Scarpe, Sambre.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1801765,001—    
1806839,530+1.88%
1821905,777+0.51%
1831989,938+0.89%
18411,085,298+0.92%
18511,158,285+0.65%
18611,303,380+1.19%
18721,447,764+0.96%
18811,603,259+1.14%
18911,736,341+0.80%
19011,866,994+0.73%
19111,961,780+0.50%
19211,787,918−0.92%
19312,029,449+1.28%
19362,022,167−0.07%
19461,917,452−0.53%
19542,098,545+1.13%
19622,293,112+1.11%
19682,417,899+0.89%
19752,511,478+0.54%
19822,520,526+0.05%
19902,531,855+0.06%
19992,555,020+0.10%
20072,564,950+0.05%
20122,587,128+0.17%
20172,604,361+0.13%
source:SPLAF[4] and INSEE[5]

With a population of 2,606,234 in 2018,[5] Nord is the department with the largest population. The population of the department is being approximately equal to Albania.

Politics

Main article: Departmental Council of Nord

The President of the Departmental Council is the unaffiliated right-winger Christian Poiret.[6]

The first President of the Fifth Republic, General Charles de Gaulle, was born in Lille in the department on 22 November 1890.

Party Seats[7]
Union of the Right (UD) 30
Union of the Left (UG) 18
Miscellaneous right (DVD) 10
Union of the Centre and the Right (UCD) 8
French Communist Party (PCF) 4
Miscellaneous left (DVG) 4
Union of the Left and Ecologists (UGE) 4
Miscellaneous centre (DVC) 2
Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV) 2

Presidential elections 2nd round

Election Winning Candidate Party % 2nd Place Candidate Party %
2017[8] Emmanuel Macron LREM 56.90 Marine Le Pen FN 43.10
2012 François Hollande PS 52.88 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 47.12
2007 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 51.75 Ségolène Royal PS 48.25
2002[9] Jacques Chirac RPR 78.28 Jean-Marie Le Pen FN 21.72
1995[10] Lionel Jospin PS 53.70 Jacques Chirac RPR 46.30


Current National Assembly Representatives

Main article: List of constituencies in Nord
Constituency Member[11] Party
Nord's 1st constituency Adrien Quatennens La France Insoumise
Nord's 2nd constituency Ugo Bernalicis La France Insoumise
Nord's 3rd constituency Christophe Di Pompeo La République En Marche!
Nord's 4th constituency Brigitte Liso La République En Marche!
Nord's 5th constituency Sébastien Huyghe The Republicans
Nord's 6th constituency Charlotte Lecocq La République En Marche!
Nord's 7th constituency Francis Vercamer Union of Democrats and Independents
Nord's 8th constituency Catherine Osson La République En Marche!
Nord's 9th constituency Valérie Petit La République En Marche!
Nord's 10th constituency Vincent Ledoux The Republicans
Nord's 11th constituency Laurent Pietraszewski La République En Marche!
Nord's 12th constituency Anne-Laure Cattelot La République En Marche!
Nord's 13th constituency Christian Hutin Citizen and Republican Movement
Nord's 14th constituency Paul Christophe The Republicans
Nord's 15th constituency Jennifer de Temmerman Liberties and Territories
Nord's 16th constituency Alain Bruneel French Communist Party
Nord's 17th constituency Dimitri Houbron La République En Marche!
Nord's 18th constituency Guy Bricout Union of Democrats and Independents
Nord's 19th constituency Sébastien Chenu National Rally
Nord's 20th constituency Fabien Roussel French Communist Party
Nord's 21st constituency Béatrice Descamps Union of Democrats and Independents

Economy

At the forefront of France's 19th century industrialisation, the area suffered severely during World War I and now faces the economic, social and environmental problems associated with the decline of coal mining with its neighbours following the earlier decline of the Lille-Roubaix textile industry.

Until recently, the department was dominated economically by coal mining, which extended through the heart of the department from neighbouring Artois into central Belgium.

Tourism

See also

References

  1. ^ "Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Dutch dialect" (PDF). (404 KB)
  3. ^ "Comparateur de territoire − Comparez les territoires de votre choix - Résultats pour les communes, départements, régions, intercommunalités... | Insee". www.insee.fr (in French). Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  4. ^ Site sur la Population et les Limites Administratives de la France
  5. ^ a b Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  6. ^ "Christian Poiret, élu président du conseil départemental du Nord". France Bleu (in French). 1 July 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Départementales 2021 dans le Nord : découvrez les résultats définitifs du second tour". France 3 Hauts-de-France (in French). Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  8. ^ https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles
  9. ^ https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles
  10. ^ https://www.politiquemania.com/presidentielles-1995-departement.html
  11. ^ http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/
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