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{{Short description|2021 climate change protests in Britain}}
{{Short description|2021 climate change protests in Britain}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
{{Infobox civil conflict
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During morning rush hour of 2 November, the group blocked the M56 and A538 near Manchester Airport and the A4400 in Birmingham.<ref>[https://independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/insulate-britain-m25-closed-protest-b1949643.html Insulate Britain protesters stopped from blocking M25 but target roads in Manchester and Birmingham]</ref>
During morning rush hour of 2 November, the group blocked the M56 and A538 near Manchester Airport and the A4400 in Birmingham.<ref>[https://independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/insulate-britain-m25-closed-protest-b1949643.html Insulate Britain protesters stopped from blocking M25 but target roads in Manchester and Birmingham]</ref>


The group's to date final road protest took place on 4 November, when sixty-two protesters blocked roads around Parliament Square.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two months of chaos: A timeline of Insulate Britain's disruptive protests |url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/explained/insulate-britain-m25-protests-timeline/ |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=LBC |language=en}}</ref>
The group's to date final road protest took place on 4 November, when sixty-two protesters blocked roads around Parliament Square.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two months of chaos: A timeline of Insulate Britain's disruptive protests |url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/explained/insulate-britain-m25-protests-timeline/ |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=LBC |language=en}}</ref>


== Aftermath ==
== Aftermath ==
On 7 February 2022 the group self-declared "with a heavy heart" that the series of protests had failed in their aim to force the government into taking action. Despite promising to "continue our campaign of civil resistance" the group hasn't since undertaken any noteworthy actions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Britain |first=Insulate |date=2022-02-07 |title=STATEMENT FROM INSULATE BRITAIN: WE MUST ACKNOWLEDGE WE HAVE FAILED |url=https://insulatebritain.com/2022/02/07/statement-from-insulate-britain-we-must-acknowledge-we-have-failed/ |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=Insulate Britain |language=en-GB}}</ref>
On 7 February 2022 the group self-declared "with a heavy heart" that the series of protests had failed in their aim to force the government into taking action. Despite promising to "continue our campaign of civil resistance" the group hasn't since undertaken any noteworthy actions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Britain |first=Insulate |date=7 February 2022 |title=STATEMENT FROM INSULATE BRITAIN: WE MUST ACKNOWLEDGE WE HAVE FAILED |url=https://insulatebritain.com/2022/02/07/statement-from-insulate-britain-we-must-acknowledge-we-have-failed/ |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=Insulate Britain |language=en-GB}}</ref>


Since November 2021 a number of those arrested have been sentenced to prison; including nine in November 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two months of chaos: A timeline of Insulate Britain's disruptive protests |url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/explained/insulate-britain-m25-protests-timeline/ |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=LBC |language=en}}</ref> and five in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-02 |title=Five Insulate Britain members jailed for defying M25 protest injunctions |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/02/five-insulate-britain-members-jailed-for-defying-m25-protest-injunctions |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In March 2023, an further Insulate Britain protester was jailed for five weeks for causing a nuisance to the public.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-64940392|title=Insulate Britain protester jailed for stopping traffic on M4|work=BBC News|date=13 March 2023|accessdate=13 March 2023}}</ref>
Since November 2021 a number of those arrested have been sentenced to prison; including nine in November 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two months of chaos: A timeline of Insulate Britain's disruptive protests |url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/explained/insulate-britain-m25-protests-timeline/ |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=LBC |language=en}}</ref> and five in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2022 |title=Five Insulate Britain members jailed for defying M25 protest injunctions |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/02/five-insulate-britain-members-jailed-for-defying-m25-protest-injunctions |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In March 2023, an further Insulate Britain protester was jailed for five weeks for causing a nuisance to the public.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-64940392|title=Insulate Britain protester jailed for stopping traffic on M4|work=BBC News|date=13 March 2023|accessdate=13 March 2023}}</ref>


In response to actions by Insulate Britain and other groups such as [[Just Stop Oil]] the UK government has announced its aim to pass through a series of new measures to restrict the ability for groups to disrupt national infrastructure as a form of protest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-09 |title=Boris Johnson to force through new anti-protest curbs in Queen’s speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/may/09/boris-johnson-to-force-through-new-anti-protest-curbs-in-queens-speech |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>
In response to actions by Insulate Britain and other groups such as [[Just Stop Oil]] the UK government has announced its aim to pass through a series of new measures to restrict the ability for groups to disrupt national infrastructure as a form of protest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Boris Johnson to force through new anti-protest curbs in Queen’s speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/may/09/boris-johnson-to-force-through-new-anti-protest-curbs-in-queens-speech |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>


== Reaction ==
== Reaction ==

Revision as of 12:45, 13 March 2023

Insulate Britain protests
Insulate Britain hold a press conference outside the Home Office, London (22 September 2021)
Date
13 September 2021 – 4 November 2021
Location
Birmingham, London, M25 motorway, Manchester, Port of Dover
GoalsGovernment-funded nationwide home insulation
MethodsTraffic obstruction, civil disobedience
StatusEnded; self-declared failure

A series of protests by the group Insulate Britain involving traffic obstruction began on 13 September 2021.[1] The group has blockaded the M25 and other motorways in the United Kingdom, as well as roads in London and the Port of Dover.

The protesters demand that the government improve the insulation of all social housing in the UK by 2025 and retrofit all homes with improved insulation by 2030.[2] Improved insulation of homes would likely reduce the use of fuel, such as natural gases and oil, to adjust the internal temperature, thus improving energy efficiency in British housing and mitigating climate change.

The group has drawn support from some, but condemnation from others, including from individuals within the government.

On 17 November 2021, nine protesters were imprisoned for breaching an injunction against road blockade protests.[3] On 2 February 2022, five protesters were imprisoned for the same reason, with eleven others receiving suspended sentences.[4]

Background

Insulate Britain is an environmental activist group, founded by six members[5] of the global environmental movement Extinction Rebellion.[6] Their methods slightly differ from that of Extinction Rebellion, but they share the same overall target: to reduce the rate of climate change. The group began hosting both online and in-person events in July 2021, also raising money for direct action.[6] They use civil disobedience as a tactic.[7][8]

Founded with the aim of demanding insulation across the United Kingdom, the group laid out two specific demands for its September 2021 protests. The first is that the British government fund insulation of all social housing by 2025, and the second is that, by the end of 2021, the government must create a plan to fund retrofitting of insulation of all homes in Britain by 2030. Insulate Britain created a Parliament petition for the first demand.[6] According to The Guardian, the group's demands are in line with consensus among climate scientists and policy experts that home insulation—including when retrofitted—is an environmental priority, saves money to occupants and is beneficial to the economy.[9]

Protests

The protests began on 13 September 2021, when protesters sat in roads at five junctions (Junctions 3, 6, 14, 20 and 31) on the M25 motorway,[6][10] followed by further protests on 15,[11] 17,[12] 20,[13] 21[14] and 23[15] September.

In an escalation of the protests, activists blocked the main carriageway of the M25 in both directions between junctions 9 and 10 on 21 September.[15] Protesters walked out onto both sides of the motorway from junction 10. Thirty-eight protesters were arrested for various offenses, such as criminal damage, causing danger to road users, willful obstruction of the highway and causing a public nuisance.[16][17]

On 24 September, the group blockaded the Port of Dover.[18] Several protesters were arrested.[19]

On 29 September, protesters blocked the M25 again near junction 3. The protest started around 7:30am but by 8:53am the police had put out a tweet stating that the section of the M25 had been reopened.[20] During the protests, activists glued themselves to the slip roads of targeted motorway exits or to live lanes of the motorway, making them inaccessible to vehicles. The protesters also poured paint onto sections of the carriageway.[21]

Further protests took place on 1 October with disruption to the M1 and M4 motorways. Thirty-nine protesters were arrested.[22]

On 4 October, Insulate Britain protesters blocked the Blackwall Tunnel, on the A102 which connects the London boroughs of Tower Hamlets and Greenwich in London. Thirty-eight protesters were arrested.[23] The group suspended its protests on 14 October, saying that Boris Johnson, the Prime Minister of the UK, had 11 days to make "a meaningful or trustworthy statement" or else the protests would resume.[24][25]

The protests resumed on 25 October, with 61 activists blocking roads at the London locations Upper Thames Street, Bishopsgate and Limehouse Causeway.[26][27][28]

During morning rush hour of 2 November, the group blocked the M56 and A538 near Manchester Airport and the A4400 in Birmingham.[29]

The group's to date final road protest took place on 4 November, when sixty-two protesters blocked roads around Parliament Square.[30]

Aftermath

On 7 February 2022 the group self-declared "with a heavy heart" that the series of protests had failed in their aim to force the government into taking action. Despite promising to "continue our campaign of civil resistance" the group hasn't since undertaken any noteworthy actions.[31]

Since November 2021 a number of those arrested have been sentenced to prison; including nine in November 2021[32] and five in February 2022.[33] In March 2023, an further Insulate Britain protester was jailed for five weeks for causing a nuisance to the public.[34]

In response to actions by Insulate Britain and other groups such as Just Stop Oil the UK government has announced its aim to pass through a series of new measures to restrict the ability for groups to disrupt national infrastructure as a form of protest.[35]

Reaction

Insulate Britain burn police release letters outside the Home Office, London (22 September 2021)

An injunction effective on 22 September 2021 and lasting to 21 March 2022 was granted to National Highways.[36][37][38] The injunction prohibited demonstrators from "causing damage to the surface of or to any apparatus on or around the M25 including but not limited to painting, damaging by fire, or affixing any item or structure thereto".[39] Protesters who break the injunction will be in contempt of court, which could result in a prison sentence of up to two years or an unlimited fine.[40] However, Insulate Britain figures told The Guardian that they believed an injunction, prosecutions and other legal actions were being delayed by the government until after 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26). A spokesperson said: "We know that our government and institutions purport that we live in a democracy, so they don't want to have 50–100 climate protesters on remand when [the conference] starts".[41] On 17 November 2021, nine protesters were imprisoned: one for six months, six for four months and one for three months.[3] Emma Smart, one of the protestors imprisoned, started a hunger strike after sentencing and was moved to the hospital wing of HMP Bronzefield on the 13th day of her strike.[42]

Figures within the British government, including the Home Secretary Priti Patel,[43] Transport Secretary Grant Shapps[44] and Prime Minister Boris Johnson condemned the protesters' actions.[45] The protests are supported by Green Party MP Caroline Lucas,[46] and House of Lords members Natalie Bennett[47] and Jenny Jones.[48] On 4 October, Johnson said that Insulate Britain, who were not "legitimate protesters", were "irresponsible crusties".[49] At the 2021 Conservative Party Conference, Patel announced increased penalties for motorway disruptions, criminalisation of infrastructure disruption and "stop and search" powers for the police. Patel named Insulate Britain specifically in her announcement.[49][50] The Guardian opposed this policy as it would "remove even more rights from political protesters".[51] In an interview, Prince Charles, the heir to the British throne, stated he totally understood the frustration shown by the Extinction Rebellion and Insulate Britain protesters, but added that it should be directed "in a way that is more constructive rather than destructive", as their current methods are not "helpful" and only alienate people.[52]

Politics academics Oscar Berglund and Graeme Hayes supported the protests in The Conversation, agreeing with Insulate Britain's aims as "an essential part of lowering Britain's emissions". They quoted research that concluded that protesters who "inconvenience others" are more likely to achieve change, arguing that "broad popularity isn't all that relevant". Providing counterarguments against criticism, the writers said that motorway traffic and disruption that "hurts vulnerable people" is an everyday phenomenon, and that "it is unlikely that people will be against insulating homes just because they get annoyed at protesters".[53]

Opinion polling conducted by YouGov from 5–6 October 2021 found that 72% of those surveyed opposed the protesters' actions, with 18% supporting the actions and 10% that did not know.[54]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Port of Dover: Arrests made as Insulate Britain blocks port". BBC News. 24 September 2021. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  2. ^ "Home Insulation: Environmental Considerations". Insulation Institute. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Insulate Britain protesters jailed for defying road blockade ban". BBC News. 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  4. ^ "Insulate Britain activists jailed over M25 protest". BBC News. 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  5. ^ Reuters, Thomson. "Who Are Climate Group Insulate Britain and What Do They Want?". Global Citizen. Retrieved 17 January 2022. {{cite web}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  6. ^ a b c d "Who are Insulate Britain, the group blocking M25 traffic, and what are they campaigning for?". ITV News. 20 September 2021. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  7. ^ Gayle, Damien (8 October 2021). "TfL granted injunction against Insulate Britain protesters after arrests". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  8. ^ Cope, Emily (15 October 2021). "Insulate Britain protests: Why the climate change group's methods might work, explained by experts". i. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  9. ^ Taylor, Matthew (24 September 2021). "'Low-hanging fruit': Insulate Britain's message makes sense, say experts". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  10. ^ "M25 junctions blocked by Insulate Britain campaigners". BBC News. 13 September 2021. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  11. ^ "M25 protests: Activists block motorway again". BBC News. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  12. ^ "Motorway blockades and green new deal crusaders: the UK's new climate activists". The Guardian. 17 September 2021. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  13. ^ "M25 protests: Arrests made as Insulate Britain activists block motorways". BBC News. 20 September 2021. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  14. ^ "Insulate Britain: Injunction granted against M25 protesters". BBC News. 22 September 2021. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  15. ^ a b Insulate Britain blocks the M25 motorway in both directions (J10) 21 September 2021, archived from the original on 25 September 2021, retrieved 25 September 2021
  16. ^ "M25 protests: Protesters 'may cause serious injury or death'". BBC News. 21 September 2021. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  17. ^ Francis, Alannah (21 September 2021). "M25 protest: Insulate Britain activists dragged from motorway by police after running into oncoming traffic". i. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  18. ^ "Port of Dover: Arrests made as Insulate Britain blocks port". BBC News. 24 September 2021. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  19. ^ "M25 protests: Arrests made as Insulate Britain activists block motorways". BBC News. 20 September 2021. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  20. ^ "Activists block M25 for seventh time despite threat of fines and prison". The Guardian. 29 September 2021. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  21. ^ Osborne, Samuel (20 September 2021). "Climate protesters block access to M25 for fourth time in a week". Sky News. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  22. ^ "39 Insulate Britain activists arrested after halting traffic on M1 and M4". TheGuardian.com. October 2021. Archived from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  23. ^ "Insulate Britain blocks Blackwall Tunnel". BBC News. 4 October 2021. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  24. ^ "Insulate Britain suspends road protests for 11 days". BBC News. 14 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  25. ^ Bancroft, Holly (14 October 2021). "Insulate Britain pausing 'civil resistance' campaign until 25 October". Independent. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  26. ^ Reynolds, John (25 October 2021). "Insulate Britain protesters disrupt three London sites". The Times. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  27. ^ Keane, Daniel (25 October 2021). "Insulate Britain: Protesters block major roads in east London". Evening Standard. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  28. ^ "Insulate Britain targets Canary Wharf in renewed roadblock campaign". The Guardian. 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  29. ^ Insulate Britain protesters stopped from blocking M25 but target roads in Manchester and Birmingham
  30. ^ "Two months of chaos: A timeline of Insulate Britain's disruptive protests". LBC. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  31. ^ Britain, Insulate (7 February 2022). "STATEMENT FROM INSULATE BRITAIN: WE MUST ACKNOWLEDGE WE HAVE FAILED". Insulate Britain. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  32. ^ "Two months of chaos: A timeline of Insulate Britain's disruptive protests". LBC. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  33. ^ "Five Insulate Britain members jailed for defying M25 protest injunctions". the Guardian. 2 February 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  34. ^ "Insulate Britain protester jailed for stopping traffic on M4". BBC News. 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  35. ^ "Boris Johnson to force through new anti-protest curbs in Queen's speech". the Guardian. 9 May 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  36. ^ "Policing Minister statement on Insulate Britain protests - Home Office in the media". homeofficemedia.blog.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  37. ^ Syal, Rajeev; Mason, Rowena (22 September 2021). "Climate activists vow to continue M25 blockades despite jail threat". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  38. ^ "Injunction granted against protesters blocking M25, amid warning of prison sentence". Sky News. 22 September 2021. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  39. ^ "Insulate Britain: Injunction granted against M25 protesters". BBC News. 22 September 2021. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  40. ^ Dathan, Matt; Hamilton, Fiona; Ball, Tom (22 September 2021). "M25 Insulate Britain protesters face prison after court grants injunction". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  41. ^ Gayle, Damien (12 October 2021). "Insulate Britain says No 10 avoiding having protesters in prison during Cop26". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  42. ^ Limb, Lottie (29 November 2021). "Hunger Strike". Euronews. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  43. ^ "M25 protests: Priti Patel calls activists 'selfish'". BBC News. 17 September 2021. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  44. ^ Holden, Michael (17 September 2021). "UK government condemns climate activists as they block London motorway again". Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  45. ^ Riley-Smith, Ben; Davies, Gareth (20 September 2021). "Insulate Britain: M25 protesters are undermining their cause, says Boris Johnson". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  46. ^ Merrick, Rob (19 September 2021). "Caroline Lucas backs climate protests that blocked M25 because of 'existential crisis'". Independent. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  47. ^ On LBC talking to Nick Ferrari about Insulate Britain blocking M25, archived from the original on 27 September 2021, retrieved 23 September 2021
  48. ^ Insulate Britain climate protests on M25 delayed my child's medication | Jeremy Vine On 5, archived from the original on 27 September 2021, retrieved 23 September 2021
  49. ^ a b Giordano, Chiara (5 October 2021). "Boris Johnson brands Insulate Britain 'irresponsible crusties' for blocking motorways". Independent. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  50. ^ Mehta, Amar (3 October 2021). "Insulate Britain: Tougher punishments against motorway protests to be introduced by Priti Patel this week". Sky News. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  51. ^ "The Guardian view on Insulate Britain: the art of protest". The Guardian. 5 October 2021. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  52. ^ Sly, Eleanor (11 October 2021). "Prince Charles 'totally understands' anger of climate protesters but says blocking roads 'isn't helpful'". Independent. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  53. ^ Berglund, Oscar; Hayes, Graeme (20 September 2021). "Insulate Britain: blocking roads will alienate some people – but it's still likely to be effective". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  54. ^ Conner, Jemma (8 October 2021). "Three weeks into motorway climate change protests, public opposition has only grown". YouGov. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
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